Having a house in the village or a summer cottage, every spring you have to dig a garden. And if in the village this is done in one day, by ordering a tractor, then in the summer cottage everything is not so simple. After all, the entire territory of the dacha is surrounded by a fence, so it is almost impossible for a tractor to drive there.
Then you have to dig with your hands. However, not all summer residents are satisfied with this. You can, of course, buy a walk-behind tractor, but not everyone can afford this pleasure, and many summer residents dream of having their own mini tractor.
In order to make a mini tractor with your own hands, you need to start from the base, that is, the frame.
It is the most important part for our technical means, since you will place the rest of the details on it.
First of all, you should draw a detailed drawing of the frame.
For its manufacture, use lightweight metal channels. You connect them to each other using automatic or semi-automatic welding. Also note that the length and width of the frame should be proportional to the size of the future product.
You will assemble a minitractor on this basis. To do this, drill holes in the frame on all sides in order to fix various attachments.
Also, do not forget that you will also need to attach the footrests on both sides. You make them from an eight-millimeter steel sheet "St-3". You will also make a steering column from it.
To make the mini tractor more durable with your own hands, provide the segments that are located across with “kerchiefs”. In this case, use the same steel from which the steps were made.
Now you weld bushings to the front of the base, which will serve as hinges for the bridge. You make them using sheet metal "St-3" two centimeters thick. Next, attach the front and rear axle.
Bridges need to be made with your own hands, using separately taken parts from a similar type of equipment (for example, you can use bridges taken from a Muscovite or twenty-fourth Volga for this purpose). However, in this situation, they will be too bulky and will not suit us in order to make a mini tractor with our own hands. So some details will have to be machined from scratch, be mentally prepared for this.
What components will you have to do with your own hands?
It is necessary to machine the rotary bushings and the supporting axle shafts. You will also need to make a cross beam. To do this, take a pipe that has a square section measuring sixty-five by sixty-five millimeters. The thickness of the metal should be five millimeters. Measure the desired length from this pipe and cut it off using a grinder or a metal file.
If you have not found a pipe of this size, you can make a cross beam with your own hands using metal corners. Using structural steel, make bushings in order to secure the axle shafts. You make a rotary mechanism using pieces of metal pipe. The pipe that is used for this should have a cross section of seventy by fourteen millimeters.
Cut off pieces from it, each of which should be one hundred and twenty millimeters long. The bearings will be located on the metal in specially made seats.
Then this part must be covered with a welded metal cover. In the middle, you weld an already finished part, which consists of two bearings and a cylindrical cage.
Some details about the rear axle
You can not do it yourself, but take it already prepared from the Volga. However, remember that the minitractor has a width less than the rear axle, so you must reduce the length of the axle to end up with eighty centimeters. To achieve this, remove the fixing stockings and cut off the rivets. Push the rest inward. You can disconnect the bridge and the gearbox housing using a sledgehammer. Do not forget to fix the first element using a special mandrel.
After these steps, you will be able to ensure a reliable connection with the reverse gearbox, which will completely eliminate the possibility of cardan breakage. And you can also not worry about how to install and balance counterweights, which will greatly speed up the manufacturing time of a mini tractor.
Fix the stockings that you shortened in the holes by cutting the M-12 thread and screwing the screws into it. Now fasten the resulting bridge to eight steel plates. You must weld them using M-10 bolts. Four bolts must be welded to each plate. After that, fix the frame using nuts and spars. Check the connections with spring washers. For this purpose, steel plates of the same size must be welded onto the bridge.
At the end, under the frame mount, install the required number of brackets. To make a hoist, the hoist housing shaft must be welded to the axle housing.
At the final stage, weld a chair to the tractor and paint all metal parts of the product with paint of any color. Do not forget to install a hitch on the back of the frame so that you can hitch the plow.
Second way
It is simpler than the first, but you must purchase a walk-behind tractor, and you can even use a Soviet-made Ural.
Now you need to remove the engine from it, this is the main traction device. All that remains can be used as spare parts.
You will also need a launcher and two bridges with wheels.
When running a private economy, one simply cannot do without a tractor, although with the smallest dimensions.
Especially if someone permanently lives outside the city. It is the miniature varieties of technology that will be the best solution for this task. You can purchase equipment from a well-known manufacturer, but the option of creating homemade mini tractors for household it's easier with your own hands. This will save you money.
Which option is best for a homemade mini tractor
A machine with a broken frame is recognized by many as the best option. This unit has only two parts:
- rear
- Front.
The clutch is carried out using a special hinge mechanism. All control mechanisms are located in front. The same goes for the running gear. Wheel and hydraulic cylinders become the main structures that take part in the management. On the hinge, the design bends perfectly.
Because of this, the mutual arrangement of both parts of the tractor changes. Such a device will save on the purchase of parts, without which installation is impossible.
Compared to the front, the rear of such a combine has a simpler device. One of the main details is the rear axle. It is fixed with their own hands in the lodgements, on the side members at the axle shaft.
This design is then used to install the driver's seat. There is also a fixture for attaching mounted types of equipment.
The axle shafts themselves, together with the differential, can be taken from loaders, even if they have already been in use. It is also possible to create a suspension for the rear, but this decision will not always be justified. A little pressure in the wheels is enough to create depreciation.
Such a tractor for the household is distinguished not only by its simple design, but also by other advantages:
- Low assembly cost of units. You can use structural elements with much more affordable price than what is assembled in the factory.
- Low fuel consumption. The indicator is determined design features each specific model, but more often it remains low.
- The ability to turn around even if the area is minimal. The broken frame design contributes to the minimum turning radius. In almost one place, the equipment can turn 360 degrees. When plowing the land, this property will bring especially many benefits.
- High production capacity.
We assemble a small tractor from a walk-behind tractor
A homemade mini tractor 4 by 2 centimeters can already cope with most of the necessary functions. It will be enough to prepare such details as:
- The driver's seat is small.
- Signal lights.
- hubs.
- Traction.
- Wheels.
- Frame. It is constructed from metal corners or profile pipes.
A simple hydraulic hinged mechanism is enough to ensure the smooth operation of the equipment. It allows you to add attachments. Which is selected depending on the implementation of certain types of work.
When the parts themselves are ready, you can proceed to the direct assembly process with your own hands. Of the additional tools, you will need a device for welding along with an electric drill, a wrench and a hammer. The assembly process will take no more than a few days.
What other details can be used in the work
You can use parts from old cars if they are no longer needed. It does not matter if we are talking about domestic or foreign manufacturers.
The design can be equipped with a large number of attachments, trailers. It is for this reason that walk-behind tractors are considered universal helpers in the household. It can be used for any work related to the cultivation of the earth.
It is possible to operate the tractor together with a cart, which has only one axle. Then it will be possible to transport various materials, including sand or soil, construction and other small-sized waste. The driver sits on a seat with springs, in front of the bogie.
Homemade tractors of this type have the following details:
- Trailer mechanism.
- Devices with which control is exercised.
- The mechanism in the running gear.
- A device that controls power.
- Transmission.
- Electric motor available in the VP-150M series.
Almost all elements are placed on a square-shaped frame with their own hands. The frame itself can be built using a channel. Electric motors from scooters domestic manufacturers will be the best options for walk-behind tractors. It is permissible to use analogues with a power of up to 5.5 kW. The main thing is that the device itself should be single-cylinder.
Such models have a built-in gearbox, which is installed in advance. A mandatory element of the design is the clutch along with the ignition of the electronic type. A centrifugal fan completes the overall picture. Motors without this device require constant manual cooling.
About drawings
At the first stage, you need to carefully think about what design the tractor will have. The circuit of the coupling of parts also does not allow errors. Therefore, drawings drawn up in accordance with all the rules become the basis of the foundations.
It is better to use third-party sources to find suitable options. But only if the reliability of the information is not in doubt.
All elements must be arranged so that they can qualitatively interact with each other. The driver's seat, together with the main components, is applied with your own hands to the drawings, first of all. The help of a locksmith will not be superfluous if someone doubts their skills.
There are three groups of spare parts that require increased attention: gearbox, chassis and engine. It is best to shoot them all with the same type of equipment. Then there will be no need for adjustment.
Transmission and engine: the right choice
The owner seems to have little choice. It is required to find what is best suited according to the available characteristics. There are two types of engine that will be the best solution, in terms of economic indicators and performance:
- UD-2.
- UD-4.
But it is permissible to use any engine that has one cylinder. The maximum allowable number of them in the design is two. If you can find the M67 option, then it is recommended to use it. The main characteristic is a long service life, although maintenance and repair costs remain minimal. This is one of the answers to the question of how to make mini equipment for household maintenance.
Your engine must be upgraded before starting the installation. This is necessary to increase gear ratios, create a competent cooling system. After all, initially it is absent. Cooling is carried out by means of a fan, which is mounted on the crankshaft, and is supplied with a casing that directs the air flow.
Motors from old Muscovites with Zhiguli can also become power units for such devices. If the engines are removed from the vehicles, then the gearbox with the transmission is removed at the same time. Then you do not have to look for suitable parts, make adjustments.
Wheels must be selected depending on the purpose for which the transport is used. 16-inch wheels are suitable for those who plan to carry cargo, carry out dragging and so on. But more massive structures, up to 18-24 inches, do better with field work. These characteristics improve traction.
In conclusion: some installation features
The supply of hydraulic cylinders is mandatory for the control system supplied with the minitractor. In this case vehicle will not cause trouble during operation. Maximum attention also requires the regulation of such an indicator as gear ratio. It is recommended to set it with low speed. Otherwise, the tractor may develop too high speed.
For all wheels use rigid, independent suspension. It is better to provide for the possibility of rotation for the frame, at least within 15 degrees. Then, when passing through a difficult part, the wheels will not sag, either in front or behind. For this, a swivel from an UAZ can be introduced into a breaking system. It is installed in front of the semi-frame. The limiter will help protect against unnecessary coups.
We get a car with maximum practicality. Able to solve any problems that arise in the conduct of the household. It will be useful to be able to hook additional devices.
Agricultural walk-behind tractors have one serious drawback - the operator has to walk along the cultivated area with them. As a result, fatigue sets in rather quickly, and the time to complete the work increases, which leads to a sharp decrease in labor efficiency. Another thing is a mini-tractor, which has a full wheelbase and steering. But not everyone can afford to buy such equipment. Therefore, in the agrarian environment, more and more often you can find home-made mini tractors, which are designed on the basis of professional or semi-professional walk-behind tractors.
Converting a walk-behind tractor into a mini tractor: highlights
Unlike amateur equipment, professional and semi-professional has more power. For example, from a walk-behind tractor with diesel engine 9 hp you can make a pretty decent mini-tractor for plowing and cultivating. Ultimately, it all depends on the goals that the owner of the modified equipment is going to achieve.
Design and assembly homemade mini tractor- the task is not simple, but doable. And for its successful solution, it is necessary to focus on two points:
- Development of the body and frame, as well as the scheme of their connection with the basis of a mini-tractor - a walk-behind tractor.
- Development of a kinematic scheme.
The frame and body of the homemade are made of metal corners or profiled pipes. When calculating the design, it is necessary to take into account the ratio of its weight to the power of the motor, as well as the resistance that the machine will overcome when performing various kinds works.
If you choose a powerful walk-behind tractor as the basis for a homemade mini tractor, this allows you to use ready-made car or motorcycle trailers. Moreover, the leading manufacturers of walk-behind tractors have long envisaged the constructive possibility of connecting such trailers to the manufactured equipment.
The kinematic diagram of a homemade mini-tractor is a set of design solutions that ensure the transmission of torque from the motor block engine to the driving (mainly rear) wheels. When calculating, it is necessary to distribute the load on the drive axle evenly - both reliability and durability, as well as functionality, that is, the possibility of using equipment, directly depend on this.
Do-it-yourself mini tractor: where to start?
In fact, there are many options for self-designing a mini tractor. However, the principles used everywhere are approximately the same:
- turns towards the operator and is fixed on the frame.
- Management is realized with the help of steering rods.
- A hydraulic drum brake is used.
- Pedal control is used for brake and clutch.
- For the accelerator and attachments, manual control is used.
- The operator's seat is located above the rear drive axle.
One of the most simple ways creating a mini tractor with your own hands is to buy an adapter - a two-wheeled cart with a seat for the operator and an aggregate system (for installing attachments).
Obviously, various spare parts will be needed to assemble a mini tractor. They can be easily found among the automobile. For example, a drum brake for the drive wheels, steering rack and pedal control units can be taken from a VAZ car. In the same way - by searching the auto parts market - both the seat and other structural parts for a home-made mini-tractor are selected.
But in addition to spare parts, you need to have a whole arsenal of tools at hand - a welding machine, a drill, a circular saw, wrenches, etc. And it is very desirable that in the process of assembling a mini tractor you have access to a specially equipped workshop or, if necessary, you can use the services of specialists in welding, milling, plumbing and auto repair.
Minitractor frame
Chassis - the basis of a minitractor. Its main quality should be reliability, but you need to carefully monitor the total weight of the structure in order to ensure the normal adhesion of the wheelbase to the soil during work and at the same time not to overload the engine.
For the manufacture of the frame of a home-made mini tractor of medium power, a lightweight channel, a profiled pipe or a metal corner is suitable. The dimensions of the structure, the assembly of which is carried out by welding, must correspond to the dimensions of the machine. Along the contour of the frame, it is necessary to make holes for hanging and fixing the structural elements of the minitractor.
The ratio of the weight of the frame and its strength should be optimal. You should not overload the structure with additional stiffeners, as well as save on metal, sacrificing overall reliability indicators.
Before you start assembling the frame, you need to decide which trailers and you are going to use when working with it. And in order not to lose thought in the design process, drawings should be completed before starting work. future car and its main nodes with the main dimensions. To do this, you can use ready-made documentation that needs to be adapted to the specific parameters of your mini tractor.
Front and rear axles
These units are created from individual spare parts and units taken from cars or even trucks or other agricultural machinery. However, some details, as well as the assembly itself, you will have to do on your own.
To make the front axle, you will need:
- cross beam;
- bushings of basic rotary axes;
- axle bushings;
- poosi wheels;
- (ball and roller);
- bolted connections.
A piece of profiled pipe or a metal corner will perfectly cope with the function of a cross beam. For the manufacture of semi-axle bushings, structural steel 45 is suitable. The slewing bearing bushings are made of a profiled pipe, modified for the installation of bearings, and are closed with steel covers made of steel grade st3. The front axle assembly, consisting of a cylindrical cage and roller bearings, is welded in the center of the cross beam. Using large bolts, the bridge must be fixed to the bushings in the cross beam of the frame.
The tightening force of the bolted connections is responsible for the amount of backlash of the front axle relative to the design of the minitractor. Too rigid, as well as too loose fastening negatively affects the comfort in control, so the play must be optimal.
The rear axle is assembled in the same way. The finished design can be borrowed, say, from a UAZ car. The long stocking of such a bridge will need to be shortened - so it will be possible to use standard short axle shafts. It does not hurt to protect the rear axle, or rather its welded joints, from possible shocks during operation. For this, a caliper is used - a metal corner applied along the welds of the bridge's prefabricated structure.
Wheelbase and kinematic diagram
The choice of wheels for a homemade mini tractor deserves special attention. It is quite possible to use wheels from a passenger car, but the dimension must be observed here. Optimal dimensions rims for are 12-14 inches. When choosing a smaller diameter, there is a risk that the machine will dig its nose into the ground during operation. On the other hand, if the front wheels are too large, the operator will have to make remarkable efforts to perform maneuvers. However, to facilitate the process of driving a machine, you can always use the power steering from a car or other agricultural machinery.
Minitractor wheel tires must have developed lugs. This will increase the maneuverability of the machine, reduce the load on undercarriage and facilitate the management process.
As for the kinematic scheme, it is better to use ready-made options, the search for which currently does not take much effort. The scheme must be adapted to the parameters of the nodes that you are going to use to create a mini tractor. It would be useful to consider the possibility of connecting attachments, which will greatly increase the functionality of a home-made machine.
Control system and operator's seat
After the manufacture and installation of the chassis, you can begin to implement the kinematic diagram and install the control system. The most important thing in this business is to place it correctly. Will do well in this role. front seat from a passenger car, which is easy to find at car services and in workshops that dismantle vehicles.
The steering wheel must be set at the optimum height for the operator. The steering wheel should not interfere with the free placement of the knees - it must be mounted so that in a sitting position, working with it does not cause discomfort.
All the necessary parts for pedal, manual and lever control of the machine and its functional units can be found in the same place as the seat and all other spare parts - in workshops or on the market.
Engine installation and bodywork
After assembling the chassis, implementing the kinematic diagram and installing the operator's seat with the control system, you can proceed with the installation of the main unit of the minitractor - the engine. To securely fix it on the frame, you should use a special plate with grooves - it will also give the chassis additional rigidity. Next, you need to lay the electrical and mechanical circuits of the control system, connect and configure the operation of the control system.
Body cladding is performed at the request of the user, however, it is still better to close some components and structural elements. This will prevent their contamination and failure in case of contact with foreign objects and soil.
Work in the field of agriculture is associated with the cultivation of land for the majority. But for sowing and growing crops, berries and vegetables, as well as fruits, it is necessary to plow the soil, supplementing it with fertilizers and providing watering, as well as weeding. If the farmer has specialized equipment, work can be greatly simplified. Such equipment is small in size, but copes with the main tasks quite successfully. Among them should be highlighted:
- loosening;
- plowing the land;
- grass mowing.
Firms and large agricultural complexes approach this issue using domestic and imported models. If you are the owner of a private economy, then you may be limited in financial opportunities. In this case, you will have to use a mini-tractor, possibly made independently.
This will save money, but you should be prepared for the fact that the assembly of such equipment is accompanied by certain difficulties. This does not stop many, because each farmer is able to make such a mini tractor on his own, additionally equipping it with equipment to solve a wide range of tasks.
The main types of homemade tractors
A farm tractor can belong to one of several varieties, among them:
- multifunctional equipment;
- home-made tractors with the function of garbage collection and grass mowing;
- riders.
The first variety is equipment with which you can cultivate the soil, remove debris, and also cut grass. Homemade tractors are usually equipped with medium power units. Multifunctional equipment is able to cope with an area of 6 hectares. If necessary, attachments can be installed on it, thanks to which the list of tasks is expanding.
Homemade tractors on wheels can be designed to perform a narrow range of tasks, they are used to cultivate an area of \u200b\u200bup to 2 hectares or lawns. Riders are needed for fertilization, as well as pesticide treatment. They can use the equipment to perform other tasks when there is a need to process a small plot of land.
Tractor manufacturing features
If you decide to make a homemade tractor with your own hands, then at the first stage you will need to make a frame for which a rolling channel is used. There are traverses in the design, and they will be located in the back and front. In addition, the system has spars. When the frame is created, the width of the front part is slightly reduced, which gives the part a trapezoidal shape. A hole must be created in the frame, through which other devices and elements can be strengthened.
Work methodology
When a do-it-yourself homemade tractor is made, it is necessary to use racks that must be welded to the corners. They will act as a subframe. They should be additionally connected at the top. The rear axle must be installed on the frame.
Sometimes the project involves the assembly of an all-wheel drive tractor, in which case the front axle must be located on the frame. A do-it-yourself homemade tractor is made using an engine. The most suitable option would be a motor from a motorcycle. To mount the gearbox on the frame, you need to find a place. The box should be located so that it is more convenient for the driver to manage it.
Now you can start installing the steering elements. For this, a steering wheel is usually used. This detail is borrowed, as a rule, from a passenger car model. domestic car. In some cases, a motorcycle steering wheel is used. You will need a hitch for a trailer. It is installed in the next step, welded to the frame. When a homemade tractor is made with your own hands, you need brake system and a tank, which must go to the electrical connection.
Assembly instruction: frame
A homemade tractor may seem disproportionate and unsightly. In fact, if the mechanism is assembled correctly, and all key nodes are rationally located, then the system will work properly, performing all the tasks assigned to it. Traverses act as additional elements of the frame.
The spar is assembled from successive steps, the internal ones consist of a square steel pipe, while the external ones consist of a channel. The front traverse should be smaller than the rear. This indicates that a size 12 sill will fit the front crosshead, while a size 16 sill will fit the back.
Powertrain, axle and track
Before you make a tractor, you must choose a motor of the right power and torque. Sometimes a four-cylinder diesel engine is used for this, the power of which is 40 liters. With. This unit is water cooled. As for the bridge, it can be installed without additional adjustments. It can be borrowed from a domestic truck by integrating it into home-made equipment.
Before you make a tractor, you must take care of the presence of a caterpillar. by the most simple option is a design with rollers made of tires and wheels. They can be taken from carts. Given the dimensions of the tractor, you should choose the dimensions of the wheels. The caterpillar can be made from a large tire, which is pre-cut on the sides.
Additional equipment of the tractor with an engine
A homemade tractor with a VAZ engine can be found quite often, as well as installations of the following types:
- M-67;
- UD-2;
- MT-9;
- UD-4.
It is possible to equip the tractor with an engine from a Moskvich or Zhiguli car. When it is supposed to make a homemade product according to the 4x4 formula, for the M-67 the transmission ratio is increased. Otherwise, the power plant will lack power to provide force for the wheel sets. It must be taken into account that for power unit an additional cooling system may be required.
Additional transmission information
A homemade tractor with a VAZ engine can be supplemented with a power take-off and gearbox, which should be borrowed from the GAZ-53 car. The clutch can be taken from the GAZ-52. These nodes in the finished form can not be used. An adjustment should be made.
In order to synchronize the engine with the clutch, you need to prepare a new clutch basket, fitting it to the dimensions. The rear plane at the engine flywheel is shortened, drilled in the center additional hole. These manipulations can be performed on a lathe.
What else you need to know about the rear axle and wheels
The mini snow tractor can be equipped with rear axle from a truck or car. On a lathe, the axle shafts are pre-shortened. If it was not possible to find a finished bridge, then a design from different machines. Experts recommend using any node that fits in size, because the front axle does not act as a leader.
Wheels should be selected according to the radius. If the equipment is supposed to be used for transporting goods, then it is better to prefer discs, the diameter of which varies from 13 to 16 inches. For equipment that will be involved in agricultural work, you can use wheels with a radius ranging from 18 to 24 inches.
Complete set of a homemade tractor
The package of the described equipment includes a frame for a homemade tractor. After assembly, it is necessary to install the drive wheels and road wheels. The power unit is mounted in the next step, then comes the turn of the gearbox. The differentials and side brakes must be installed in the next step, after which all components can be connected to the gearbox.
The next step will be the assembly of controls, as well as the arrangement of the workplace. Additional parts and tracks can be installed in the next step. Now the master will have to check the performance of the tractor, modifying its individual components, if necessary.
Conclusion
A mini-tractor for snow removal will also show its abilities when cultivating the soil. However, in order to achieve two thousand revolutions of the engine at a speed of 3 km / h, you need to adjust the transmission. Each rear axle wheel should ideally be supplemented by a separate reduction gear.
The advantages of homemade tractors are obvious. Each person can make them on their own, the cost of parts for such devices is lower than for factory ones, they do an excellent job of processing small plots of land. In addition, many parts for a homemade tractor can be found on your farm.
Let us consider in detail the question of how to make a tractor with your own hands.
1 Preparation of drawings
Despite the fact that any tractor, be it standard sizes or a motor-tractor, consists of at least hundreds, or even thousands of parts, anyone who masters the scheme depicted in the form of a simple drawing can assemble it on their own. Thanks to the schematic drawing, assembling a tractor with your own hands is similar to a standard constructor, where element A is connected to element B, then part AB to element C, and so on in a chain.
Although, it is worth noting that in our country there are probably enough self-taught masters who can “keep the drawing in their head”, that is, perform the same sequential actions as with the drawing, just follow the imaginary instructions. However, this does not apply to everyone. Anyone who does not have such experience is unlikely to be able to assemble any kind of structure without turning to a pre-blackened scheme for help.
In case you had a “bad relationship” with drawing at school and you are not able to organize a drawing of a full-fledged home-made tractor, ask your acquaintances, friends or relatives who understand this business better than you. In extreme cases, Google-search will help you find any information.
Before you start drawing the diagram yourself, decide what kind of tractor you want to make, on the basis of what it will be made. So, for example, homemade tractors can be:
- caterpillar;
- wheeled.
They are made on the basis of:
- motoblocks. A tractor from the Niva is very popular in Russia (one of the most famous walk-behind tractors in the Russian Federation);
- automotive engines. Moreover, motors can be used as cars, and cargo, passenger-and-freight. By the way, the engine from the GAZ-66 is very suitable for making a homemade tractor with your own hands, which will have high power. Often there is a tractor from the UAZ;
- UD-2 - a universal engine used as an additional motor in installations that are equipped with an electric generator, as well as as an engine in a home-made tractor;
- popular among the people homemade tractor 4 × 4. Homemade tractor 4 × 4 is also called a break.
Having decided on the above question, you can safely proceed to the drawings. At the same time, after creating the scheme, be sure to make a list of the available parts and assemblies, and a list of those items that need to be purchased, after which, buy the missing parts. Only after the entire list of parts is in your garage, you can begin to assemble the structure.
1.1 Design features
How to assemble a tractor with your own hands? There are no great difficulties in this. If you correctly drew the diagram and prepared all the necessary details, making a tractor with your own hands goes into the practical part. The difference between modifications and options depends on the means and skills that you have. Below we describe the most optimal design:
If you opted for making a caterpillar tractor with your own hands, because it does not damage the upper fertile soil layer during operation, to simplify, buy a new module equipped with wheels and a seat. Alternatively, all elements can be assembled independently at home. However, such a design will be deprived of a drive. Assembled, crawler do-it-yourself controlled by turning the transmission-motor unit. For this purpose, it is recommended to use a standard steering wheel.
The walk-behind tractor should be supplemented on a hinge with a module with a seat; for earthworks, it is also necessary to take care of the hitch. To implement this option, assemble the frame using a wheelset and rolled metal. Then install two trailer knots, a seat on it. Do not equip the wheels with shock absorbers, this will negatively affect the speed of the device.
2 Tractor assembly
There is no single recommendation on what to take as the basis for the future unit and how to make a home-made tractor, which is affected by the presence of this or that equipment in your household, from which a home-made product will be constructed. Therefore, it is advisable to consider various options. If you do not have a walk-behind tractor made on the basis of the Zhiguli, the tractor will become a much better assistant.
2.1 Tractor based on Zhiguli
To build a tractor from a Zhiguli with your own hands, first of all, develop a kinetic scheme that takes into account the balance of the structure. The device will include: engine, rear and front axle, reverse gear, driveline. The engine will drive the front wheels. Through the chain, the torque will be transmitted sequentially to the gearbox, driveline, etc. Leading rear wheels, as a result, will rotate.
The frame is made of pipes and corners. Make sure the fork and bushing are correctly positioned to allow the trailer to turn. The body is made from sheet metal. The height of the sides should not exceed 30 cm. Next, attachments and the driver's seat are mounted. After that, check the performance of your unit. The final step is priming and painting the surface of the metal elements.
2.2 Tractor with D-21 engine
Many craftsmen prefer to complete a homemade tractor with a Chinese engine. Lifan, Forza, Zonshen are taken as a basis. However, experienced designers recommend setting reliable motor UD-2 or D-21. In the first case, the engine develops power up to 8 hp, in the second - up to 25 hp. Together with a 4-stroke system and air cooling, such equipment is not only successfully used for agricultural activities, but also for transporting goods. Consider the option with a D-21 diesel engine.
To create a frame, take a pipe from a stacker. Pre-cut the half-frame borrowed from the T-25, weld a pipe to its front part, and a metal sheet 3.5 × 50x50 cm to the back. A hydraulic tank and a hitch with a hydraulic cylinder are attached to the sheet with bolts, which is also taken from the T-25. Front axle it is better to purchase in the factory version, otherwise there may be problems with the axle shafts. Wheel disks take from GAZ-52, tires from Belarus 82 (8.3 × 20), which is manufactured by the Minsk Tractor Plant.
The front wheels on a homemade tractor with a D-21 engine are installed from T-25 (6.00-16). The hood, the beam are native, but above fuel tank need to work hard. To do this, weld a 40-liter container from a 3-mm sheet. Place the finished product on the back of the tractor under the seat. Turn the adapter plate under the GAZ-52 gearbox. As a clutch, they take a basket, a fork and release bearing from the combine Yenisei. First remove half of the springs. Any disk included in the clutch is suitable (both from GAZ and from UAZ).
Turn a 3 mm seat under the basket in the flywheel. The input shaft of the gearbox must be lengthened by 12.5 cm, shorten the driveline from the GAZ-52. The connection must be collapsible. steering column purchase from GAZ-52. Hydraulics for a home-made tractor is assembled from a R-80 hydraulic valve with a floating effect, an NSh-10 pump. It is placed through the fork connection in front of the engine. First replace the standard bolt responsible for fastening the motor pulley.
It is not necessary to install the pump on the gearbox through the power take-off, because when the clutch is pressed, the hydraulic system will turn off, the rotation speed will be unsatisfactory.
2.3 Tractor based on the Oka
Do-it-yourself tractor from Oka is made according to the same principle as from others Soviet cars. It all starts with the construction of the frame. Stock up on sheet metal and metal beams of the channel.
The design is a standard rectangular shape welded from metal corners. The front and rear axles are assembled from the constituent parts of the Oka. The device is assembled with an engine from Oka. However, before installing the motor, the wheel clearance is increased to improve cross-country ability.
The rear and front spars are reinforced as they bear the brunt of the load. A hitch mechanism for mounting attachments should be provided. Drawings for further assembly can be found on the Internet. If you do not have the specified machine, it is not necessary to buy a new vehicle, the unit will also work in a non-working state, since its individual elements are used.
2.4 Overview of a homemade mini tractor (video)
Homemade mini tractors are ideal for cultivating small plots of land. Almost anyone who is at least a little versed in technology can assemble a mini tractor with their own hands.
According to technical characteristics, homemade products are significantly inferior to factory models. But using a powerful tractor in small areas is at least not rational. Even the cost of maintenance and fuel and lubricants will not be justified. But a small tractor, assembled with your own hands, is very appropriate. In this article, we will tell you how to make a mini tractor at home.
Advantages and disadvantages of homemade mini tractors
A do-it-yourself mini-tractor is much cheaper than factory models, and in terms of its functionality it can sometimes give odds to more powerful tractors. Home-made can be used in vegetable gardens and orchards, for processing sown areas (not exceeding 10 hectares), transporting small loads and harvesting.
The cost of such a machine pays off in just one season, because the main components and mechanisms are usually removed from broken equipment or purchased at bargain prices. Some farmers convert other equipment into a mini-tractor. In this case, the manufacturing process of equipment is greatly simplified.
Among the shortcomings can be noted the difficulty in the selection of suitable parts. In addition, if some components fail, there may be problems with replacement or repair. After all, whatever one may say, the tractor is assembled from junk, so some details cannot be found.
To prepare drawings, you must have technical skills and knowledge. After all, a mini-tractor must work with attachments and trailers, for this it is necessary to calculate the engine tractive effort.
Advice! A mini-tractor assembled with your own hands must be registered with the traffic police. Otherwise, when leaving the road, the homemade product may go to penalty area and you will be fined.
We prepare drawings
Some craftsmen are able to assemble any technique, having only a bunch of old iron and a general work plan that is kept in mind. There are only a few such people, and if you are not one of them, you must first prepare drawings of the main components of the future machine.
If you do not have the necessary knowledge, you can ask friends or acquaintances to make drawings. Finally, the necessary information can be found on the Internet.
Having the drawings at hand, assembling a mini-tractor at home will resemble the children's designer. That is, you take part A and connect it to coupling B.
It is worth noting that some of the components and parts that the homemade product will consist of may need to be adjusted or additionally processed. Agree, explaining to a turner or welder what is required of them is much more convenient not on the fingers, but having a ready-made project and drawings at hand.
By the way, at this stage, you need to decide what kind of mini-tractor you want to make with your own hands. The 4x4 break is very popular with farmers. This is a small model on an articulated (breaking) frame, with four-wheel drive. This homemade product is best suited for work on farms.
How to assemble a mini tractor with your own hands
Having prepared diagrams and drawings, you need to find suitable parts. At a minimum, you will need an engine, transmission, frame, and steering. Finding the right parts at home is very problematic, so you can take a walk through the flea market and look through sites selling spare parts. Here you can literally buy the parts you need for a penny.
Frame
The fracture is usually made from a metal channel No. 5 or No. 9. The structure of this material has a sufficient margin of bending strength. From the channel, two half-frames are welded, which are interconnected by a hinged joint. For these purposes, you can use cardan shafts from trucks.
If the fracture does not suit you, you can make a mini-tractor on an all-metal frame. Such a design usually consists of four elements: the right and left side members, the front and rear traverses.
Spars can be made from channel No. 10, rear and front traverse from channels No. 16 and No. 12, respectively. A metal bar can be used as a transverse beam.
Engine
Transmission
For work, a do-it-yourself mini-tractor can be equipped with any engine of suitable power. The best option is a power plant with a capacity of 40 Horse power .
Most often, M-67, MT-9, UD-2 and UD-4 engines are installed on home-made units. There are models equipped with an engine from domestic passenger cars of the Zhiguli or Moskvich series.
If the homemade product is made according to the 4x4 formula, for the M-67 unit it will be necessary to increase the gear ratio of the transmission, otherwise the power plant will not have enough power to provide the necessary force for the wheelsets. Please note that the power package may require an additional cooling system.
Transmission
The gearbox and power take-off shaft can be removed from the GAZ-53. The clutch will fit from the old GAZ-52. In finished form, these knots will not fit, additional fitting will be required.
To synchronize the clutch with the engine, you will need to weld a new clutch basket and fit it to the required dimensions. At the engine flywheel, it will be necessary to shorten the rear plane and drill an additional hole in the center. These operations can be done on a lathe.
Steering
This assembly should include hydraulic cylinders, this will provide the mini-tractor with better handling. It is impossible to make a hydraulic system at home with your own hands. Therefore, it is necessary to remove the ready-made hydraulic system from any agricultural machinery. Please note that a pump is needed to circulate the oil in the hydraulics.
rear axle
You can take a suitable unit from a car and a truck and install it on homemade design. It is first necessary to shorten the axle shafts on a lathe.
If there is no finished bridge, a composite structure from different machines is allowed. The front axle is not driving, so any node that fits in size will do.
wheels
The radius of the wheels depends on how the mini-tractor will be used. For transporting loads, discs with a radius of 13 to 16 inches are best suited. To perform agricultural work, you will need wheels of 18-24 radius.
A self-made mini-tractor should give out about 2,000 engine revolutions when plowing, at a speed of 3 km / h. To achieve such indicators, it is necessary to adjust the transmission scheme.
Ideally, each wheel of the driven rear axle should be equipped with a separate reduction gear. In this case, the rotation is set by a four-section hydraulic distributor.
With this steering scheme, there is no need for cardan shaft and rear axle differential. Hydraulics will be responsible for steering the wheels. The necessary equipment (pump and hydraulic cylinder) can be borrowed from the MTZ-80 tractor.
As you can see, making a mini tractor with your own hands is not difficult at all. Despite the fact that this is a rather time-consuming process, the result will more than cover all the efforts expended. Moreover, assembling a home-made structure is a very exciting activity.
The presence of a piece of land imposes on its owner the obligation to provide care for it. And one of the urgent tasks that must be solved is tillage. Manually, such work can be done if the area of \u200b\u200bthe site is not more than 10 acres, and even then this is already problematic.
For a large area you can use a homemade mini-tractor, which is ideal option. At the same time, it is not necessary to purchase a mini-tractor from official distributors or at the factory, because such equipment can be assembled with your own hands, it is enough to have at least minimal knowledge in technology.
If we compare homemade cars with factory technical specifications, then the superiority will be on the side of the latter. However, it is still wrong to use new equipment for cultivating small plots of land. And this is due not only to the high costs associated with the maintenance and acquisition fuels and lubricants. Such a technique can cause serious damage to the soil structure. Therefore, a homemade mini-tractor is a much more preferable alternative. Next, we will talk about how to assemble a mini-tractor at home.
Advantages and disadvantages of homemade mini tractors
If you need equipment for processing the land, then do not immediately discard the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a mini-tractor with your own hands. Besides the fact that you can save a lot of money, you will be able to make a machine that can demonstrate much more functionality than tractors that have more power. A homemade mini-tractor can be a faithful assistant for you, which can be used for plowing gardens and laying orchards, as well as cultivating acreage, transporting small loads and harvesting.
BUT the cost of manufacturing such equipment is so small that one season of its operation is enough to reimburse all costs. The fact is that for the manufacture of such a tractor, components and mechanisms are suitable that can be borrowed from broken equipment or bought at bargain prices. Some owners often show resourcefulness in this matter, and, taking other equipment as a basis, make certain changes to it, as a result of which they have a home-made mini-tractor. Naturally, in this case, you will have to perform even fewer operations in order to assemble a mini-tractor.
Truth, there are some drawbacks that need to be mentioned. To make a mini tractor, you will need certain parts that may not be so easy to find. Difficulties can also be encountered when certain mechanisms fail, and it is not known whether they will be able to find an equivalent replacement. It must be remembered that for the assembly of such equipment, components and mechanisms are used, borrowed from long-out-of-print equipment. Therefore, it is possible that certain details will not be found.
An important step in the manufacture of a homemade mini-tractor is drawing up a drawing. To do everything right, you can not do without technical skills and knowledge. You also need to take into account that the mini-tractor will be used with attachments and trailed equipment, and therefore the owner will have to calculate the engine tractive effort.
Drafting
Usually, when a person has a desire to assemble any home-made equipment, then it all starts with an idea. Some people can do without a paper work plan, relying on their own technical knowledge. However, not everyone is such a master, so it would be better if you start the process of assembling a homemade mini-tractor by preparing a drawing of the main components.
If you find it difficult to solve this problem, you can turn to friends if they have already had to do something similar. As a last resort, you can use the Internet and try to find the necessary information there.
After you get the finished drawing, you can easily assemble a mini tractor. It will be no more difficult than playing a children's constructor. Schematically, the work will look like this: you will need to take part A and connect it to part B.
Keep in mind that certain components and mechanisms will have to be pre-prepared before assembling the tractor. Keeping in mind that you borrowed them from another technique, most likely their sizes and other characteristics will differ from those required. But, having a ready-made drawing in your hands, you can easily finalize all the mechanisms, because you will clearly know what they should be.
In the process of drawing up the drawing, it is important to decide what design the mini-tractor should have. Quite often, farmers choose the 4 x 4 break option.
This is a variant of the tractor, which uses an articulated frame, supplemented by a 4-wheel drive. Such a technique will be an excellent option for processing farms.
How to assemble a mini-tractor with your own hands?
After the drawing is drawn up, you can start preparing the necessary details. You must have the following:
Not every owner will find the above details in his household. Therefore, be prepared for the fact that you will have to go over the flea markets, as well as look at sites for the sale of spare parts. Surely on one of them you will find the parts you need at bargain prices.
Frame
To make a fracture most often use a metal channel No. 5 or No. 9. This material is best suited because it has the necessary margin of bending strength. On the basis of the channel, you will have to make two half-frames by welding. After that, they are connected to each other with the help of hinges. Can be used as fastener cardan shaft truck.
Might not be a good fit for some people. In this case, an all-metal frame may be an alternative. As part of this design, there are the following elements: the right and left side member and the front and rear traverses.
To create spars, you can take channel number 10. And to make the back and front traverses, you can use channels No. 16 and No. 12. The transverse beam can be made of a metal bar.
Engine
On a homemade mini tractor you can install any engine, the main thing is that it has the necessary power. In order for home-made equipment to be able to cope with all tasks, it is best to equip it with a 40-hp power unit. With.
In most cases, the following types of motors are used for homemade mini tractors:
Also, instead of them, you can borrow an engine from domestic passenger cars of the Zhiguli or Moskvich brand.
In that case, if you decide to stick with the 4x4 option, then you will have to modify the M-67 motor: you need to increase the transmission ratio. If this is not done, then the power of the power unit will not be sufficient for the equipment to be able to move. Also make sure that the motor is equipped with an additional cooling system.
Transmission
As a gearbox and power take-off shaft, you can borrow the necessary mechanisms from the GAZ-53 car. The clutch can be taken from the GAZ-52. Keep in mind that these nodes will need to be finalized.
One of the tasks that you need to solve at this stage is to ensure that the clutch is synchronized with the engine. For this new clutch basket being welded, after which it is finalized, giving the necessary dimensions. Certain manipulations will have to be performed with the engine flywheel, in which it is necessary to shorten the rear plane, and also create a hole in the center. If your farm has lathe, then you can easily perform these operations.
Steering
Considering that this mechanism is intended for use on a mini-tractor, it has hydraulic cylinders must be present. In this case, your homemade technique will be more manageable. Keep in mind that the hydraulic system is a complex mechanism, so you cannot make it yourself at home. Therefore, you will need to find suitable agricultural equipment and borrow the hydraulic system available there. For normal operation hydraulics, oil must flow into it, and therefore you need to get a pump as well.
rear axle
This you can borrow the mechanism from a car or truck
, then put on your homemade mini tractor. However, before you have to modify it: you need to reduce the axle shafts with a lathe.
In the event that you do not find a ready-made bridge, you can assemble it from different machines. Keep in mind that the rear axle will play the role of the leader. Therefore, any available mechanism can be used for the front, as long as it matches the desired dimensions.
wheels
looking for wheels for a minitractor, consider their radius which should correspond to the purposes of using the technology.
- If you are going to carry loads with this machine, it is best to choose discs with a radius of 13 to 16 inches.
- If you need a mini-tractor to perform agricultural work, then it is recommended to install wheels of 18–24 radius on it.
Conclusion
Private farms face many challenges every year associated with the care of the land. To spend less time and effort on such work, special equipment is needed. Buying a factory tractor is not affordable for everyone, so many are considering making a homemade mini-tractor with their own hands. It is not so difficult to make such a machine, since it uses components and mechanisms from other types of equipment. However, in order to assembled car turned out to be in working condition, you first need to draw up a drawing and stick to it throughout the entire assembly process.
In the presence of large sown areas in the economy, it is impossible to do without the mechanization of labor. For this, motoblocks and mini-tractors are used, which, thanks to attachments, are able to perform a full cycle of agricultural work.
However, high-quality equipment has a corresponding cost, so some farmers use a homemade mini-tractor on their farm. Making such a technique is not as difficult as it seems at first glance.
The easiest option is to make a homemade mini-tractor from a walk-behind tractor by installing a special adapter.
Almost all manufacturers provide this option. It is worth noting that there are models completely assembled by hand. Consider the options for manufacturing the main components.
The benefits of homemade
By their own technical parameters, home-made units practically do not differ from factory models. At the same time, the cost of their creation is much lower.
It’s worth clarifying right away that the drawings will help to calculate the required traction force and determine the required amount of material. To create such a circuit, certain knowledge in the field of engineering mechanics is required. However, you can use ready-made schemes taken on the Internet.
Assembly according to ready-made drawings is not difficult: most of the nodes are removed from faulty equipment and installed in finished form. This is quite practical and profitable - there are practically no problems with spare parts during repairs. 
In addition, the use of ready-made hydraulic connectors and adapters allows the use of factory-made attachments.
If home-made equipment will move along federal highways, you need to obtain the appropriate permission from the traffic police.
Now consider the assembly scheme of the main components of the tractor.
Frame
For the manufacture of the base, a rolling channel is required. This material is able to withstand dynamic loads. Usually the frame is a welded structure made of transverse traverses and longitudinal spars.
It is better to immediately provide for the possibility of mounting the engine, rear and front axle supports, and the driver's seat.
There are manufacturing options with a breaking frame. Such products have greater maneuverability, therefore they are suitable for working in confined spaces and even in greenhouses.
Such structures are also made from a channel, but not a monolithic base is made, but two half-frames. Structural elements are connected by a swivel, for this you can use the cardan shaft of a truck.
Power point
key node homemade technology is the engine. The best option would be to use any engine with a capacity of about 40 horsepower. The power plants of motorcycles have such characteristics, so a mini-tractor with a motorcycle engine is a fairly common occurrence.
They are found in farms and tractors with a ZiD 4.5 engine. This is a four-stroke unit, with one cylinder and air circuit cooling. note that this engine runs on gasoline. Therefore, when using equipment in the cold season, a cold start system will be required.
The choice of engine depends entirely on the needs of the farmer. A weak installation will not be able to work with some types of attachments, there will be difficulties in processing virgin soil areas.
Chassis
Please note that homemade products can be made on a wheeled or crawler. The first option is much more common.
If there is a need to make a home-made caterpillar mini-tractor, we can offer an interesting scheme for manufacturing a mover. The role of the rollers is performed by the wheels taken from the garden cart, as the tracks are car tires with a deep tread.
Chassis
Tires are cut in half, then joined together and riveted with metal plates. The result is a caterpillar model, with a specific low pressure on the soil and high cross-country ability.
If the equipment is made on wheels, you can use ready-made bridges from cars. This applies if the mini-tractor will be all-wheel drive. If the 4x4 scheme is unimportant, any homemade front axle is installed. It will perform the function of a controlled chassis, the rear axle will be the leading one.
It is quite difficult to make a homemade reverse gear, so it is better to use a ready-made assembly removed from a motorcycle or a faulty walk-behind tractor. To connect the gearbox to the rear axle, a belt clutch or a worm shaft is used.
In order for the equipment to work with attachments, a hydraulic system is required. This assembly is usually assembled from feed pumps and a hydraulic connector. Considering that hydraulics are created with your own hands from ready-made elements, you can additionally install a power steering.
Steering largely depends on the frame of the mini-tractor. For example, when using an articulated frame, it is not the wheels that turn, but part of the semi-frame. For this, a pair of gears is used: one is attached to the steering column, the other is welded to the platform of the front half-frame.
Often the steering scheme consists of walk-behind tractor handles, but in this case, the use of a reverse gear becomes impractical: it is difficult to control the equipment when reversing.
Attachment
Most additional equipment you can also make your own. Consider how a homemade cutter is assembled on a mini-tractor.
- We make a frame. For this, pieces of a professional pipe or channel are suitable. Please note that the frame dimensions depend on the tractor power: low power motor will not be able to work with wide-range equipment. Immediately install the brackets for the wheelset.
- We mount the shaft, which will be connected to the PTO of the mini-tractor. For this, a pipe with a diameter of 5 centimeters, fixed to the frame by means of thrust bearings, is suitable. In contact with
A mini tractor is exactly the same agricultural equipment as a tractor, but with a slightly lower performance, which is sacrificed for the sake of maneuverability and economy. In addition, some specimens are so light that they are transported in a trailer. Small tractors perform all the same tasks as their higher class counterparts. You can also attach attachments to them for tilling and fertilizing the soil, cleaning the territory and transporting various goods. In addition, in many tractors, even those made independently, there is a rotation drive auxiliary units and hydraulics.
It differs from a walk-behind tractor, first of all, in that it is a full-fledged agricultural machinery. Of course, a powerful walk-behind tractor also has considerable functionality, but when managing it, you have to walk all the time. This is very tiring, especially when processing a large area of arable land. And by making it a self-propelled machine, even the smallest, the operator gets tired much less.
Understanding all the advantages of minitractors, domestic inventors create with their skillful hands, sometimes first-class specimens, and on the Internet you can now find many descriptions, diagrams and even ready-made drawings of such homemade products.
Designs of mini tractors
For the most part, amateur designers in the manufacture of a tractor simply remake some serial product, adding some components and eliminating others. This is an easy way, but it is not always feasible, because. a complete machine must be available.
And the design of homemade tractors created from scratch is individual in each case, so today the variety of solutions just rolls over.
For example, the frame for a minitractor is made integral and breaking (called a “break”), the turn is made with steered wheels and onboard, the layout is classic or in the form of separate modules that allow you to change the purpose of the device. Install hydraulic system and power take-off shaft.
Tractor from the manufacturer at the price of a homemade product - the whole the lineup. We buy good attachments for a home-made agricultural machine at the link. We read in this article - the easiest way to assemble a mini tractor from a walk-behind tractor.
The homemade mini tractor offered below is one of the easiest to manufacture and allows you to get by with the available materials and parts.
But, of course, for those who are going to do something themselves, with their own hands, it is recommended to have technical skills, the ability to work with a tool and read drawings. And, most importantly, to have a lot of time and a great desire to do it.
Frame
It is made from rolled metal. Calculations for strength are a thankless task (and in this case, not necessary), so you just need to lay in advance a multiple stock. Based on this, apply a channel from No. 6 to 12 - best solution for a homemade mini tractor. It is not worth doing any “recesses” and “roundings” of the units, because. this will greatly complicate and increase the cost of the project. The usual flat "ladder" is simple and accessible to many.
As practice shows for a homemade tractor, it is more useful to use a larger rolled channel (up to 20) as the front and rear traverses (crossbars), because. subsequently, it is to these traverses that various working bodies and auxiliary equipment are attached. And it is better to have it shelves inside. Channel spars (longitudinal beams) can be positioned both inside and outside. Fuel lines and lines are laid inside the spars, which are naturally protected.
In shape, the simplest frame design for homemade is a rectangle with two or more traverses, but a frame in the form of a trapezoid will have much greater rigidity. The width in the front part should be smaller to accommodate the minimum dimensions of the steered wheels, as well as to be able to observe the movement strictly along the arable row. The joints of the spars and traverses must be strengthened by welding scarves.
Layout
The relative arrangement of the units of any tractor has historically developed a long time ago.
Classic layout self-propelled machine next: the engine is located in front, longitudinally, above the front axle. A gearbox is connected to it through a clutch, followed by a transfer case and a drive axle behind it. Between themselves, the shafts of the units are connected using cardans and (or) couplings.
Following this scheme will the best option when creating a mini tractor, because allows you to apply existing aggregates without changing them.
According to the experience of many creators of homemade tractors, it is better to assemble the units “in place”, without doing unnecessary drawing and calculations. The best option- on the finished frame, place all the main components and homemade mechanisms by installing them on temporary supports (conveniently - on wooden blocks), and, having found the best mutual position, make mounting brackets. But we must not forget that all components on a homemade tractor must be mounted through supports that dampen vibrations (rubber cushions). It is best to borrow them from the same equipment from which the unit was taken. Another important factor must be taken into account. This is weight distribution, i.e. distribution full weight minitractor on the front and rear axles. The most acceptable option - 60% of the weight falls on the drive wheels, 40% - on the driven ones.
Homemade engine
From the point of view of thrust-to-weight ratio, weight, accessibility and low cost of repair, it is most logical to use an engine from VAZ cars of classic models - from 2101 to 2107 when manufacturing a tractor in "home" conditions. They can be found in good condition at the price of scrap metal. With luck, one machine can become a donor of most parts for a mini tractor.
The motor with clutch and gearbox is fixed as a single unit, which simplifies the work on a homemade tractor and saves the creator from many difficulties. Be sure to install a fan impeller on the shaft of the water pump ("pump"), even if it was not there. After all, the speeds of agricultural machinery are much lower than those of automobiles, so the operating mode of the minitractor motor is the same as when standing in a traffic jam, which is considered difficult for any engine. Therefore, the radiator of the homemade tractor cooling system needs forced airflow.
Transmission
As mentioned above, it is desirable to install power plant for a complete do-it-yourself. In this case, what will later become a mini tractor will already have at least four gears forward and one reverse. It remains only to agree on the optimal tractor engine speed and the desired speed. For this, a transfer case from any all-wheel drive car will be quite enough. The most suitable option is UAZ. By the way, the previously considered components can also be used from UAZ, but they are heavier, the consumption of the resulting tractor will be higher, and all its power will rarely be used.
A good element for connecting the shafts is an elastic coupling, which is installed on the output shaft of the VAZ gearbox. Having made a flange to transfer box, you can do without an intermediate cardan. But from the "razdatka" to the drive axle, the cardan is required, because. the loads there are significantly higher, and the clutch will not withstand them.
When building a tractor on your own, it is best to use the drive axle also from a UAZ car that has final drives. This will increase, firstly, traction, and secondly, ground clearance (which is desirable to bring up to 450 mm). The required track size of a home-made mini tractor is obtained by cutting the stockings of the bridge (narrowing it) or by making spacers for attaching the wheels (expanding it), because. the nominal gauge of the UAZ is 1445mm, which does not coincide with the accepted ranges for agricultural vehicles (1260-1285, 1350-1370, 1490-1515, 1790-1815).
Chassis and propulsion
This system for the considered home-made mini tractor almost completely repeats the similar one for tractors manufactured by the industry and differs from the automobile one in some ways. important points. The main difference is the absence rear suspension, i.e., the drive axle is not attached to the frame on the springs, but is rigidly fixed to it. This must be done if it is planned to make not only the tractor itself, but also all the agricultural implements for it with which it is supposed to be used. Since attachments such as plows, harrows, mowers and others, attached to the back of a homemade mini tractor, are very heavily loaded rear axle and, if present on the last rear suspension, will quickly render it unusable. The front axle on a homemade tractor can also be installed without suspension, comfort will not decrease significantly. It is convenient to use forks as pivot pins cardan joints trucks (ZIL, KAMAZ, KrAZ), spare parts for which can be found in car fleets and metal receiving stations. Two forks are welded to the beam, or directly to the frame, observing alignment, and two reciprocal - to knuckles donor vehicle. The steering trapezoid, together with the steering mechanism, is also entirely borrowed.
The braking system in her automotive form"It makes no sense to use it on a tractor made by oneself, because not those speeds. Just the parking brake is enough. However, the mechanism is driven not from a lever, but from a pedal with a fixed pressed position. Then the homemade product can be slowed down in motion, and fixed in the parking lot. Wheels are best used from agricultural machines, because. they have the desired tread, but it is quite possible to adapt tires from SUVs or light trucks by cutting the desired tread pattern onto them (preferably a herringbone, for self-cleaning). Tire pressures are selected empirically to find the optimal combination of comfort and performance.
Electrician on a homemade tractor
You can use any parts from anything, the main thing is that the voltage of the generator and consumers match. We must not forget that accumulator battery- this is a container with acid, so it must be very firmly fixed. The recommended solution is to place it under the seat of the minitractor in a special box, or simply in a fence.
Headlights and marker lights, as well as brake lights are desirable elements, but not mandatory, because. You can only exploit the result of your labors away from other transport.
Road traffic
Not all homemade mini tractor designers go to public roads. And rightly so, because in our country, a number of stringent requirements are listed that must be met by vehicles moving along them. Even if everything turned out well, and the product meets all the requirements, certification will be necessary to confirm this, which is very expensive.
Therefore, it is forbidden to drive on the roads on a homemade tractor. If you have to deliver it to the place of work, then it is better to do it on a trailer. This is one of the reasons why they are trying to make homemade products easier.