A mini tractor is exactly the same agricultural equipment as a tractor, but with a slightly lower performance, which is sacrificed for the sake of maneuverability and economy. In addition, some specimens are so light that they are transported in a trailer. Small tractors perform all the same tasks as higher class counterparts. You can also attach attachments to them for tilling and fertilizing the soil, cleaning the territory and transporting various goods. In addition, in many tractors, even those made independently, there is a rotation drive auxiliary units and hydraulics.
It differs from a walk-behind tractor, first of all, in that it is a full-fledged agricultural machinery. Of course, a powerful walk-behind tractor also has considerable functionality, but when managing it, you have to walk all the time. This is very tiring, especially when processing a large area of arable land. And by making it a self-propelled machine, even the smallest, the operator gets tired much less.
Understanding all the advantages of minitractors, domestic inventors create with their skillful hands, sometimes first-class specimens, and on the Internet you can now find many descriptions, diagrams and even ready-made drawings of such homemade products.
Designs of mini tractors
For the most part, amateur designers in the manufacture of a tractor simply remake some serial product, adding some components and eliminating others. This is an easy way, but it is not always feasible, because. a complete machine must be available.
And the design of homemade tractors created from scratch is individual in each case, so today the variety of solutions just rolls over.
For example, the frame for a minitractor is made integral and breaking (called a “break”), the turn is made with steered wheels and onboard, the layout is classic or in the form of separate modules that allow you to change the purpose of the device. Install the hydraulic system and power take-off shaft.
Tractor from the manufacturer at the price of a homemade product - the whole the lineup. We buy good attachments for a home-made agricultural machine at the link. We read in this article - the easiest way to assemble a mini tractor from a walk-behind tractor.
The homemade mini tractor offered below is one of the easiest to manufacture and allows you to get by with the available materials and parts.
But, of course, for those who are going to do something themselves, with their own hands, it is recommended to have technical skills, the ability to work with a tool and read drawings. And, most importantly, to have a lot of time and a great desire to do it.
Frame
It is made from rolled metal. Calculations for strength are a thankless task (and in this case, not necessary), so you just need to lay in advance a multiple stock. Based on this, apply a channel from No. 6 to 12 - best solution for homemade mini tractor. It is not worth doing any “recesses” and “roundings” of the units, because. this will greatly complicate and increase the cost of the project. The usual flat "ladder" is simple and accessible to many.
As practice shows for a homemade tractor, it is more useful to use a larger rolled channel (up to 20) as the front and rear traverses (crossbars), because. subsequently, it is to these traverses that various working bodies and auxiliary equipment are attached. And it is better to have it shelves inside. Channel spars (longitudinal beams) can be positioned both inside and outside. Fuel lines and lines are laid inside the spars, which are naturally protected.
In shape, the simplest frame design for homemade is a rectangle with two or more traverses, but a frame in the form of a trapezoid will have much greater rigidity. The width in the front part should be smaller to accommodate the minimum dimensions of the steered wheels, as well as to be able to observe the movement strictly along the arable row. The joints of the spars and traverses must be strengthened by welding scarves.
Layout
The relative arrangement of the units of any tractor has historically developed a long time ago.
Classic layout self-propelled machine next: the engine is located in front, longitudinally, above the front axle. A gearbox is connected to it through a clutch, followed by a transfer case and a drive axle behind it. Between themselves, the shafts of the units are connected using cardans and (or) couplings.
Following this scheme will the best option when creating a mini tractor, because allows you to apply existing aggregates without changing them.
According to the experience of many creators of homemade tractors, it is better to assemble the units “in place”, without doing unnecessary drawing and calculations. The best option- on the finished frame, place all the main components and homemade mechanisms by installing them on temporary supports (conveniently - on wooden blocks), and, having found the best mutual position, make mounting brackets. But we must not forget that all components on a homemade tractor must be mounted through supports that dampen vibrations (rubber cushions). It is best to borrow them from the same equipment from which the unit was taken. Another important factor must be taken into account. This is weight distribution, i.e. distribution full weight minitractor on the front and rear axles. The most acceptable option - 60% of the weight falls on the drive wheels, 40% - on the driven ones.
Homemade engine
From the point of view of thrust-to-weight ratio, weight, accessibility and low cost of repair, it is most logical to use an engine from VAZ cars of classic models - from 2101 to 2107 when manufacturing a tractor in "home" conditions. They can be found in good condition at the price of scrap metal. With luck, one machine can become a donor of most parts for a mini tractor.
The motor with clutch and gearbox is fixed as a single unit, which simplifies the work on a homemade tractor and saves the creator from many difficulties. Be sure to install a fan impeller on the shaft of the water pump ("pump"), even if it was not there. After all, the speeds of agricultural machinery are much lower than those of automobiles, so the operating mode of the minitractor motor is the same as when standing in a traffic jam, which is considered difficult for any engine. Therefore, the radiator of the cooling system homemade tractor needs forced ventilation.
Transmission
As mentioned above, it is desirable to install the entire power plant on a homemade product. In this case, what will later become a mini tractor will already have at least four gears forward and one reverse. It remains only to agree on the optimal tractor engine speed and the desired speed. For this, a transfer case from any all-wheel drive car will be quite enough. The most suitable option is UAZ. By the way, the previously considered components can also be used from UAZ, but they are heavier, the consumption of the resulting tractor will be higher, and all its power will rarely be used.
A good element for connecting the shafts is an elastic coupling, which is installed on the output shaft of the VAZ gearbox. Having made a flange to transfer case, you can do without an intermediate cardan. But from the "razdatka" to the drive axle, the cardan is required, because. the loads there are significantly higher, and the clutch will not withstand them.
When building a tractor on your own, it is best to use the drive axle also from a UAZ car that has final drives. This will increase, firstly, traction, and secondly, ground clearance (which is desirable to bring up to 450 mm). The required track size of a home-made mini tractor is obtained by cutting the stockings of the bridge (narrowing it) or by making spacers for attaching the wheels (expanding it), because. the nominal gauge of the UAZ is 1445mm, which does not coincide with the accepted ranges for agricultural vehicles (1260-1285, 1350-1370, 1490-1515, 1790-1815).
Chassis and propulsion
This system for the considered home-made mini tractor almost completely repeats the similar one for tractors manufactured by the industry and differs from the automobile one in some ways. important points. The main difference is the absence rear suspension, i.e., the drive axle is not attached to the frame on the springs, but is rigidly fixed to it. This must be done if it is planned to make not only the tractor itself, but also all the agricultural implements for it with which it is supposed to be used. Since attachments such as plows, harrows, mowers and others, attached to the back of a homemade mini tractor, are very heavily loaded rear axle and, if present on the last rear suspension, will quickly render it unusable. Front axle on a homemade tractor, it can also be installed without suspension, comfort will not decrease significantly. It is convenient to use forks of cardan joints of trucks (ZIL, KAMAZ, KrAZ) as pivot pins, spare parts of which can be found in car fleets and metal receiving stations. Two forks are welded to the beam, or directly to the frame, observing alignment, and two reciprocal - to knuckles donor vehicle. The steering trapezoid, together with the steering mechanism, is also entirely borrowed.
The braking system in her automotive form"It makes no sense to use it on a tractor made by oneself, because not those speeds. Just the parking brake is enough. However, the mechanism is driven not from a lever, but from a pedal with a fixed pressed position. Then the homemade product can be slowed down in motion, and fixed in the parking lot. Wheels are best used from agricultural machines, because. they have the desired tread, but it is quite possible to adapt tires from SUVs or light trucks by cutting the desired tread pattern onto them (preferably a herringbone, for self-cleaning). Tire pressures are selected empirically to find the optimal combination of comfort and performance.
Electrician on a homemade tractor
You can use any parts from anything, the main thing is that the voltage of the generator and consumers match. We must not forget that accumulator battery- this is a container with acid, so it must be very firmly fixed. The recommended solution is to place it under the seat of the minitractor in a special box, or simply in a fence.
Headlights and marker lights, as well as brake lights are desirable elements, but not mandatory, because. You can only exploit the result of your labors away from other transport.
Road traffic
Not all homemade mini tractor designers go to public roads. And rightly so, because in our country, a number of stringent requirements are listed that must be met by vehicles moving along them. Even if everything turned out well, and the product meets all the requirements, certification will be necessary to confirm this, which is very expensive.
Therefore, it is forbidden to drive on the roads on a homemade tractor. If you have to deliver it to the place of work, then it is better to do it on a trailer. This is one of the reasons why they are trying to make homemade products easier.
An important component of agriculture is the cultivation of land. This includes not only regular loosening and weeding, but also watering, as well as fertilizing the land. After all, absolutely all cultures need plowed and well-groomed land. With such difficult tasks, a mini tractor, which has small dimensions and is able to perform a lot of everyday tasks in agriculture, can quite cope.
In this regard, in rural areas, small farms prefer this technique. Indeed, unlike large agricultural complexes, private traders cannot afford expensive agricultural machinery. That is why homemade mini tractor videos with a detailed description of which are on the Internet have become so popular and in demand. It is not so easy to assemble such equipment as it might seem at first glance, but it is still possible, and the costs will be much lower than the cost of factory-made agricultural equipment. Plus, a home-made small tractor can be equipped with various equipment that can significantly increase the range of work performed by this technique.
Mini tractors: types and features
As always, this category of equipment includes 3 types, with their own characteristics:
1. Devices that can master any task: hilling, loosening and weeding of land, as well as garbage collection and grass mowing. In most cases, such equipment is equipped with an engine of medium power and can cope with the processing of five or even six hectares of land. Helps in the implementation of the tasks assigned to the mini tractor and various attachments (see).
2. Tractors of small dimensions, assembled exclusively for grass mowing and cleaning adjacent to the house or agricultural land of the territory, are able to easily cope even with an area of about two hectares. This technique is often used to create lawns.
3. Ryder is a technique designed to serve a small piece of land, and is used mainly for fertilizing the land, as well as treating the area with pesticides. It is also used for cleaning sites made of concrete and other similar areas.
Pros and cons of this technique
In most cases, a home-made mini tractor is used in private farms: with mini tractors, they not only take out various debris from trees and shrubs, but also serve gardens, and ennoble the surrounding areas. The advantages of this technique include the following:
Thorough cultivation of any soil. It is extremely difficult to cultivate the land on your own, especially large volumes, and even more so to do it efficiently. Indeed, in some places the soil can be not only hard, but also rocky, so it is quite difficult to do all the necessary work manually. Homemade mini tractors cope with any of the above tasks no worse than conventional factory equipment;
It is easy to process even small areas of agricultural land. For small areas, it is simply not advisable to incur the cost of acquiring large factory equipment, since a mini tractor is much cheaper and copes well with the tasks;
Attractive price homemade technology, since the minitractor is assembled mainly from improvised means and inexpensive parts;
You can always, if necessary, change additional equipment, depending on what work needs to be done. And, of course, a simple and fairly affordable repair.
The disadvantages include only the fact that it is necessary to independently select all the components and devote your precious time to this, which takes quite a lot, especially if individual rare components come across in the technique.
But, it should be noted that in most cases the assembly uses the most common and affordable parts that can be found at any time. It helps to assemble a do-it-yourself homemade mini tractor video of people who already have some experience in this matter.
How to make a homemade mini tractor?
To create such agricultural equipment, specialists from the people use several methods, but in most cases everything happens like this:
1. A frame is created from a conventional rolled channel by welding pre-prepared elements, which include front and rear traverses and two spars. The front of this technique is narrower, resulting in a trapezoidal frame. After that, holes are made in the frame for installing other parts of the body and mechanisms.
2. By welding, corners are attached to the corners of the frame, which play the role of a rack, and also serve as a stretcher and are interconnected in the upper part. Next, the rear axle is mounted on the frame, but when designing all-wheel drive equipment, it will also be necessary to install the front axle.
3. An engine of the required power is mounted, in the role of which various power units from motoblocks (see), motorcycles (even boxer ones).
4. A gearbox is mounted on the frame, which must be turned towards the driver in order to make the control as comfortable and simple as possible.
6. It is imperative to weld the towbar, which will subsequently come in handy not only for the trailer, but also for some additional equipment, such as: a seeder, mower or plow.
7. The final moment in the work on creating a mini tractor is the installation brake system, tank installation, and, of course, the electrical part.
Homemade drawings
Well, to make a choice, any person who wants to design such a technique will be helped by drawings of home-made mini tractors that are on the Internet.
Home-made models of mini tractors, photos and videos of which can be found on the pages of designers of conventional home-made equipment for the agricultural complex, have not only a completely worthy exterior, but also excellent functionality. Creating one of the models of agricultural machinery can be quite long and not easy, but a video describing in detail the phased construction of a mini tractor can help facilitate the design process. As a result, it is possible to create equipment that will help to process agricultural areas much faster and more efficiently.
The use of mini tractors in agriculture has become more and more justified in recent years. Relatively small dimensions, coupled with good performance and maneuverability, make it possible to cultivate land for further use. However, not everyone has the opportunity to purchase a finished unit sold in specialized store, because its cost can reach up to 100 thousand rubles. It was then that many people have a question - how to assemble a mini tractor at home with your own hands?
The solution is not as simple as it might seem at first glance, because the assembly may require a lot of related material, as well as the necessary technical knowledge and the ability to work with tools.
Areas of application of a homemade mini tractor in the household
And in general, you can use the Internet by typing in the address bar the query “do-it-yourself mini tractor drawings dimensions”, and you will immediately see more than one detailed diagram assemblies.
The frame is the supporting structure. All attachments are attached to it.
This step is very important because independent production any unit involves a certain refinement and adjustment to the desired parameters. Obviously, it is easiest to do this according to the drawing than to navigate approximately.
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In addition, the same turner will understand what is required of him by looking at a detailed drawing than a formal explanation in words.
At the planning stage of the project, it turns out which unit will be in the end. For many, a do-it-yourself fracture mini-tractor at home, located on an articulated frame, enjoys a certain popularity.
However, this is far from the only assembly method, so the choice lies solely with the person who will carry out the manufacture.
Having decided on the type of minitractor, the question arises of finding the necessary spare parts and accessories. This is about frame structure, engine, transmission, controls and wheelbase. Most of this can be found on the Internet by visiting sites that specialize in the sale of various spare parts.
The assembly process itself will include several stages:
- Frame manufacturing. The fracture is carried out mainly from channel number 5 and channel number 9. Two half-frames must be welded from these components, and they will be connected to each other using a hinge. In this capacity, cardan shafts from heavy vehicles can be used.
- There is another way to design a frame. It consists in the manufacture of a one-piece structure, consisting of two traverses and two spars. Traverses are made of channels number 16 (for the back) and number 12 (for the front).
- The spars will be made of channel number 10. A metal bar is used as a cross member.
- As an engine, you can use the models MT-9, UD-2, UD-4, etc. Their power will be quite enough for a home-made version. In principle, any engine with a relatively high power - about 40 hp will do.
- The PTO and gearbox can be removed from the GAZ-53, and the clutch can be taken from the GAZ-52. Remember that these details will have to be adjusted to the design parameters. At the flywheel of the motor, you need to cut off the back a little, and also drill a hole in the center.
- Steering wheel can be provided hydraulic system, which must be taken from old agricultural machinery.
- design rear axle you can borrow from old cars, but you have to adjust it a little on a lathe.
- As wheels, you can use any suitable, but that their diameter is about 18 inches - this is an acceptable minimum for agricultural work.
- In this sequence, in principle, lies the answer to the question - how to make a mini tractor at home? Most of the necessary components can be obtained from old equipment, which greatly simplifies the issue of finding the right part.
In addition, the costs are minimal, because even the purchased parts will cost much less than the finished mini tractor.
Advantages and disadvantages of manual assembly
Perhaps the main advantage of a home-made mini tractor is the unconditional saving of money, compared with the purchase of full-fledged units in a store, such as Uralets, Kubota, Bulat 120, Yanmar, Belarus 132n, Scout.
At the same time, its performance will not differ much from the factory options, because the design uses a fairly powerful motor, which is enough to process land holdings up to ten hectares.
The cost of manufacturing a minitractor pays off in almost one calendar year, because most of the components are taken from old equipment, or the cost of purchasing them is minimal. Many adapt other equipment, such as a walk-behind tractor, for a minitractor, which further simplifies the assembly process.
In addition, homemade units have other advantages:
- Relatively large degree of immersion in the soil. If everything is correctly foreseen, the digging depth will be identical to that shown by purchased analogues. Be that as it may, it is still better than digging the garden by hand.
- Sufficiently high mobility, as a result of rather modest dimensions. The use of such units is advisable precisely in small gardens and summer cottages, where large-sized tractors cannot turn around.
- Due to the fact that you make a mini tractor yourself, there is the possibility of additional modernization of the unit. You can remove components, changing them to other, more powerful ones, or adding new devices.
- There is no such possibility in the minitractors sold, moreover, the operating instructions expressly state that making any changes to the configuration is strictly prohibited.
Among the shortcomings, the following points can be noted:
- Relatively complex assembly process. Here we are talking not only about direct work, but also about certain difficulties in the selection of the necessary components. Many of them have to be adjusted on a lathe, which in itself presents additional complexity.
- The likelihood of breakdowns, because the home-made version is made mainly from old parts and spare parts.
In principle, the pros and cons are approximately equal in terms of their importance, but there is one small digression. Today's realities are such that the question of price becomes dominant, overshadowing other arguments.
A detailed explanation of this phenomenon is unnecessary, because savings have always been decisive, regardless of where it is applied.
Additional Tips and Warnings for DIY Tractor Making
Before you start full-fledged operation of a home-made mini tractor, you need to register it with the traffic police.
This is not a simple formality, but an understandable necessity, because when driving on public roads, penalties may be imposed on you, and the unit itself can be transported to a penalty parking lot.
As for the technical aspects, then there are some specifics. In order for the engine of a home-made unit to give the necessary parameters, i.e. about 2 thousand revolutions at 3 km / h, you need to slightly adjust the transmission scheme. In general, ideally, each wheel of the rear axle should be equipped with a gearbox.
If the basis for the minitractor is a walk-behind tractor, for example Cayman, Patriot, Texas, Foreman, Viking, Forza or some other, then it is better that it has a special hitch that allows you to attach to it optional equipment. In general, you should carefully choose the model of the walk-behind tractor that you want to convert to a mini tractor.
For these purposes, the Centaur walk-behind tractor, which has a power of 9 hp, and also has the necessary technical data necessary for rework, can be perfect.
Conclusion
Making a homemade mini tractor is becoming more and more relevant, especially for owners of small plots of land. The fact is that the use of large-sized tractors may not be practical, because they will not be able to show all their performance on such a small plot of land.
In addition, fuel costs can become a truly unbearable burden for private farmers.
Savings also explain the refusal to purchase a mini tractor in a special store, because agriculture is far from the most profitable type of business in our country. Therefore, for an ordinary summer resident, the best option would be to manufacture the unit on its own.
At the same time, the costs are penny, and the performance of a finished home-made mini tractor may pleasantly surprise you. Naturally, if used relatively powerful engine and not very old parts.
Do not forget that this method may not be suitable for some people who do not have the proper skills in handling a welding machine or a lathe, for example. In this case, you can simply order the necessary parts from the craftsmen who will make them.
Of course, you will have to pay, but not more than the amount that you need to pay for a finished mini tractor.
Agriculture is indispensable without a tractor. However, pleasure is expensive, so a do-it-yourself homemade tractor can be a worthy solution to this problem. This is not an easy task and requires the availability of tools, necessary materials and knowledge, however, the result will pleasantly please.
How to make a mini tractor with your own hands: what is needed for this?
Most affordable option for a do-it-yourself mini tractor is a tractor with a so-called broken frame. Such a frame consists of 2 parts, which are connected by a special mechanism based on hinges. In front of the car is all the controls and chassis. The control is based on hydraulics, when the steering wheel is turned, the entire front part is arched, resulting in a turn. This approach allows us to simplify the design and save on some details.
The rear part is simpler in design, it is located workplace for the tractor driver, rear axle and various attachments for mounting attachments used for tillage.
The advantages that a homemade mini-tractor for the household has:
- With its small size and simple design, it is able to give results comparable to industrial technology.
- It has excellent maneuverability, is able to make a U-turn on almost one piece of land, which is a rather important quality for tillage.
- Low fuel consumption. Of course, fuel consumption depends on the design of the machine and the work being done, but fuel consumption is usually minimal.
- Low cost, incomparable with the purchased unit. low cost provided by the cheapness of components and parts, which can often be bought from hand or found at all.
Disadvantages of homemade tractors:
- the unit is made from old, sometimes obsolete parts, therefore it is recommended to regularly maintain the machine (in any case, there is no guarantee that the old unit will not fail);
- when an old unit or part fails, it is not always possible to find a replacement, since in most cases such components have already been discontinued.
Before starting the search for spare parts and mechanisms, it is necessary to consider the design of the machine and find the drawings. You can come up with drawings on your own, but it is best to use the projects of craftsmen who already had experience in assembling such equipment. You can consult with an experienced locksmith in advance, who will help to take into account and eliminate possible problems in advance and advise how to assemble the tractor.
Necessary materials and tools
To work, you will need the following tools:
- welding machine with a supply of electrodes;
- cutting machine with a set of cutting and grinding discs, a hard brush for cleaning metal;
- wrenches, a hammer with a chisel;
- electric drill and a set of drills;
- painting equipment;
- may need lathe for boring some details.
Materials that will have to be found in order to assemble a mini tractor:
- metal channel for the frame;
- axle with wheels;
- nuts, bolts and washers of various sizes;
- driver's seat;
- engine, gearbox, transmission;
- materials for creating the hull, roof, wings;
- consumables for painting;
- lubricant for tractor units.
Search for the necessary spare parts and assembly of the structure
Before you start searching for all the components and mechanisms, you should know that the gearbox, engine and chassis must be taken from the same tractor - this will avoid the difficult work of fitting the nodes to each other.
What is the best engine for a homemade tractor? Here the choice is small: it is recommended to find the UD-2 or UD-4 engine, the M-67 engine would be a good option, as it is quite economical and durable, requires minimal participation in maintenance and repair. Some craftsmen used engines from a Zhiguli car as a power unit. In this case, the engine with gearbox and transmission is removed from the car, there is no need to adjust the mechanisms to each other, which greatly facilitates assembly.
Before installing such an engine, it should be upgraded. It does not have a cooling system, for this you can use a fan that is installed on crankshaft. It is also necessary to install a casing that will direct the flow of cold air.
If an engine is used passenger car, it is necessary to reduce its speed by 3 times using the appropriate gears, since the tractor does not need such high revs.
The choice of wheels depends on the purpose for which the homemade mini-tractor is intended. If the purpose of using the machine is to move various loads, then you can get by with 16-inch wheels. If the tractor will work in the field and cultivate the soil, it is recommended to use wheels with a larger diameter - this will provide better grip on the ground. If you want to save on wheels, you can also use car tires, however, it should be borne in mind that in this case, traction with the soil may be insufficient, and control may be complicated.
Frame, rear axle and exterior trim for mini tractor
The frame of the assembled mini-tractor consists of 2 parts connected by a hinged mechanism. For the manufacture of such a mechanism, you can use cardan shaft from large truck eg GAS. It is not so important which specific model of the car will be used: the cardan shaft does not have any special differences.
The rear axle is quite suitable from an old Volga or Moskvich car, but in this case they will have to be shortened, since the standard axle is not included in the dimensions of the mini-tractor.
The frame is made of metal channel. This material has sufficient strength and rigidity for such a load. After mounting the frame, holes of various diameters are drilled on it in order to fix the main components and mechanisms.
External decoration can be made of any materials: both metal and plastic or fiberglass with epoxy resin. The structure must be well painted with at least 2 layers of paint for metal. This is necessary not only to give the tractor a good appearance but also to protect its components from corrosion.
As you can see, homemade work pays for itself, and there are no particular difficulties in making a small tractor for agricultural work (with skills and tools).
Do-it-yourself minitractor
If you have a house in the country, and even more so if you live there permanently, you know what real housework is. It is simply impossible to do without transport when running a household. The best for these purposes is a mini-tractor, with its help it is possible to ensure the fulfillment of all needs, from digging up land for sowing, to transporting large and small loads. But such equipment is far from cheap, what to do? There is one option - to make a mini tractor with your own hands. Yes, the task is not easy, but if you do it, you will save a lot of money, and the satisfaction from the finished machine will come every time you start working with the tractor.
Which version of a homemade mini tractor to choose
Homemade mini tractor for the household with a broken frame
The best option for a homemade mini tractor is a machine with a broken frame. Such a unit consists of 2 parts, rear and front, the coupling of which is carried out by a special hinge mechanism. In the front are all control mechanisms, as well as the entire chassis. Management is carried out by means of a steering wheel and hydraulic cylinders, the whole structure is bent on a hinge and changes the relative position of the two parts of the tractor. Thus, if you use this design, you can save on some of the parts designed to mount the control mechanisms, which are normally located at the rear of the machine.
The rear of such a mini tractor is much simpler in design than the front. It consists of a rear axle, which is fixed in cradles on the side members of the axle shaft, a driver's seat is installed on this design, and a fixture for fastening attachments from the Belarusian tractor. The differential and axle shafts can be taken from any loader. Rear suspension can be done, but this is not very advisable, usually depreciation is achieved due to low pressure in the wheels.
In addition to the simplest design, such a mini tractor has several advantages:
- Large production capacity, this machine is able to produce power close to a large tractor, especially if you assemble a four-wheel drive tractor with an articulated frame;
- The ability to turn around in minimal areas, the turning radius of this device is minimal due to the broken frame design. The tractor can be rotated 360 degrees in almost one place, this is a particularly useful feature when plowing the land;
- Low fuel consumption, yes, this indicator also depends on design features machines, but most often the consumption is minimal;
- Relatively low assembly cost. If you buy such a tractor assembled at the factory, then the amount will make your eyes crawl on your forehead. And if you make it yourself, you can get a significant markdown, since they are used for assembly structural elements which you can get at the lowest prices.
Drawings - the first stage of assembly
Mini tractor drawing
Kinematic diagram of a minitractor
Before taking on the tools, you need to carefully consider the entire design of the tractor itself and the coupling scheme of its two parts. Correct drawings are the basis of the basics. It is best to find reliable drawings from outside sources, since it is very difficult to foresee all the design features, because a tractor is a very complex set of interconnected mechanisms. It is necessary to think over the location of all elements of the system so that they can interact with each other qualitatively. First of all, the main components of the tractor and the driver's seat are applied to the drawing. If you are not particularly experienced with drawing up drawings, you can ask an experienced locksmith to help you with this problem, and then take apart the plan and make a tractor yourself.
The second stage is reading the drawings and assembling the entire structure
When you have found the necessary drawings, you can proceed to search for the necessary components and assemble them into a single system.
Remember, when looking for parts, pay the most attention to three groups of spare parts: engine, running gear and gearbox - they should be removed from the same type of equipment, so there will be no need to fit them to each other.
Choice of engine and transmission
Engine UD-2
In choise suitable engines for a homemade mini tractor it does not shine with variety, most often you have to choose from what is and is most suitable. Best of all, in terms of economic and production indicators, for installation on a tractor of this design, 2 types of UD-2 or UD-4 engines are suitable, but, in general, you can use diesel engines with one or two cylinders. You can, if you can find it, use the M-67, in its characteristics the main thing is a long service life with minimal maintenance costs.
Before installation, such an engine must be modernized, the gear ratio increases in it, it is also necessary to come up with a cooling system, since it does not have one. For cooling, you can install a fan that is mounted on the crankshaft with a casing connected to direct the air flow.
Sometimes as power plant use motors from Muscovites or Zhiguli. At the same time, when the engines are removed from the cars, the gearbox with the transmission goes along with them, remember, so there is no need to fit and look for additional parts.Wheels are selected based on the purpose for which the vehicle is made. If you plan to use it only for transporting goods, pulling them and other similar work, then you can take discs up to 16 inches. If you plan to use a mini tractor for field work, it is better to take more massive wheels with discs from 18 to 24 inches in order to improve the quality of wheel adhesion to the surface.
Houndstooth frame
The broken frame consists of two semi-frames, the coupling of which is carried out by a hinged joint. To make such a connection, you can use a cardan shaft from a large freight transport, for example, GAZ-a. If we talk specifically about GAZ cars, then it does not matter which model it will be, because in cardan shafts any of them have virtually no design features. The frame itself is best made from a channel, so it will be strong enough to perform absolutely any work, and the tractor itself is able to withstand almost any load.
As for the finishing of the tractor, it can be made from a profile of any characteristics. Since strength, for example, for wings is not the most important indicator.
Some installation features
The control system in tractors of this type must be equipped with hydraulic cylinders, this will significantly improve handling. vehicle. You also need to pay attention to the regulation gear ratio, it should be set to low speed. This is done so that the tractor, when performing various work, does not develop too much speed.
The suspension of all tractor wheels is independent and rigid, so that the wheels of any part, rear or front, do not hang when passing through difficult sections, it is possible to provide for the frame to rotate, 15 degrees is enough. This is done by introducing a UAZ swivel into the breaking system, it is installed in front of the rear half-frame. So that there is no possibility of a larger coup, a limiter is welded on the hinge plate.
The result is a very practical machine that is able to meet all the needs that arise when running a household. All kinds of plowing devices, trailers for transporting goods, mowers and other devices can be easily attached to the tractor.Everyone can make a mini tractor with their own hands, most importantly, stock up essential tool, material and patience. The result is a full-fledged multifunctional machine that allows you to meet all the economic needs of the owner. High cross-country ability, ease of use, versatility - these are the advantages that you will get after installing a homemade tractor.