Any person always strives for convenience and comfort. Therefore, after 2-3 years of processing his site with a walk-behind tractor, which he has to follow, the owner has the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a mini-tractor. On it it is already possible not only to plow and sow, but also to carry loads, sitting in the cab and simply operating the levers.
From a walk-behind tractor
This device is very convenient to use due to its small size and high maneuverability. In addition to large fields, it is used in small areas of the garden, as well as between buildings and trees, where a conventional tractor cannot turn around.
A reliable and long-tested option for creating a device is from a walk-behind tractor. And there are two ways: buy a ready-made adapter for a walk-behind tractor or make it yourself. It should be borne in mind that not every adaptive node is suitable for an existing walk-behind tractor. That is why most often they make it with their own hands. For this you need:
- Corner, pipe, channel and a sheet of metal 1.5-2 mm thick for the frame.
- Two wheels of the right size with an axle.
- The seat, which is taken from the "Zhiguli" and remade.
- Drill, welding machine and locksmith tools.
Usually in household use . This unit is relatively inexpensive, has 4 forward and 2 reverse speeds, engine power is 6.5 hp. The weight of the walk-behind tractor is about 90 kg. To it, they easily make the necessary adapter together with a homemade plow. Its assembly is divided into several stages:
- A frame is made from a corner, a channel and, if necessary, pipes are also used.
- They put steering column, taken from the unusable "Zhiguli" and converted to the desired size.
- Install and fasten the seat with bolts, selecting the optimal distance to the steering wheel.
- Place the control levers: clutch, throttle valve, brakes.
- Finished and painted.
- They test the finished product and slightly adjust the assembled units.
It is desirable that rear wheels were larger in diameter relative to the front ones. This increases the cross-country ability and gives a certain seriousness to a home-made unit.
In the event that the walk-behind tractor itself with the engine is behind the seat, the clutch of the leading rear wheels soil is better. This allows you to hang a double-furrow plow on the unit, which greatly increases productivity.
Manufacturing from improvised parts
There are times when the owner does not have a walk-behind tractor. But in the garage there are various spare parts and wheels from automotive and other equipment. Perhaps there is also a working engine, for example, from the Oka. Then the creation of a mini-tractor starts almost from scratch. And the masters who are engaged in homemade products know perfectly well where to get the necessary missing components and assemblies. This is an auto analysis of foreign cars and domestic cars, which is in every city and village.
To begin with, they make a schematic drawing, on which they estimate the approximate location of the main nodes. Then a frame is made from a channel and the corners are reinforced with sheet metal. Its width is determined by the size of the existing drive axle of the vehicle. The length of the frame depends on the engine to be installed, the location of the handlebar, seat and attachments.
Wheels, axles and steering completely taken from the car "Oka" or another. Bridges may not be shortened. When installing the engine, there is only one caveat. It is necessary to raise the motor so that the wheel clearance is greater. This will allow the tractor to work even in deep furrows.
An engine from a Ural or Dnepr motorcycle with a gearbox that has reverse speed is sometimes fitted to such a unit. But their motors are multi-turn, so you need to install an additional one to reduce the speed of the mini-tractor. After all, it is made to cultivate the land, and not to compete in Formula 1 races. How less speed unit, the greater the pulling force. Every student knows this.
Homemade attachments
When the finished mini-tractor has passed all the tests, acquired the status of significance and earned the love of the whole family, the task of manufacturing attachments for it comes to the fore. And it depends on the intended crops and tillage. If a walk-behind tractor was used to create a tractor, then there is already a ready-made unit for coupling with agricultural equipment. In another case, you will have to make a hinge with your own hands, the photo of which is presented.
It shows that the design of the hitch is three-point. It must be movable both vertically and horizontally. It is made from steel profiles using a welding machine. Needed to connect the units.
Of course, it is possible to make a single-point hitch assembly, but this will greatly reduce the number of mounted agricultural processing machines, and therefore, reduce the versatility of the tractor.
There are several types of agricultural units for cultivating the land.
Types of plows
For homemade tractors The most commonly used types of plows are single-hull and double-hull. The former cling to light and medium walk-behind tractors, and the latter to more impressive equipment. For a mini tractor, if it has powerful engine and a decent weight, they prepare multi-hull ones that cling to a home-made hitch.
The plow is often made from a factory plow skimmer, which usually uses MTZ tractor. It is only necessary to slightly modify the plowshare and the correct bend of the blade. It is possible to use a horse plow.
For plowing heavy and hard lands, as well as soils with tree and shrub roots, self-made disk plows are used. They are a frame with sharp discs up to 40 cm in diameter, which cut into the soil at a slight angle relative to the direction of movement. This allows them not only to cut the roots, but also to loosen the ground.
Hillers and harrows
Any homemade hiller consists of a frame and two discs located at an angle to each other. Such a unit is used when hilling rows of potatoes and strawberries.
Harrows are designed to break up clods and loosen plowed land. They are a lattice frame 100 × 50 cm in size, welded from corners 50 × 50 mm, and sharp fingers up to 15 cm long, evenly spaced over the frame area. The harrows hook behind the plow and work together with it.
Potato planters and diggers
This trailed attachment is used for a specific crop - potatoes. It is driven from its own wheels, which allows you to evenly distribute the seeds along the furrow, and does not depend on slippage.
A potato digger is a sharp knife 20-30 cm wide, which horizontally enters the soil to a depth of 20-25 cm. Using an inclined grate, it pulls potatoes to the surface. At the same time, the tubers are cleared of earth and grass.
Other equipment
Depending on the purpose, other attachments can be used:
- Mounted mowers. Used for making hay for pets and removing weeds in the garden.
- Rake for raking mowed grass. They are mounted and trailed. Trailers have two wheels. Cling directly to the tractor.
- Mounted cultivators. They usually consist of a frame and 6-8 cultivator shares. The principle of operation is similar to that of a flat-cut plow. They have two wheels, with the help of which the depth of cultivation is regulated.
- Garden sprayers. This is the correct unit. They are sprayed with crops to protect against pests, and they also protect grain from weeds using special chemical compounds. Mainly used in farm fields.
- Bulldozer blades. They hitch in front of or behind the tractor. They are a shovel up to 1.5 m wide. They are made of steel 3-5 mm thick. Fastened with a hanging device. Designed for cleaning the area from snow and debris, as well as for planning the surface of the site.
- Kunas. This special device is used only for loading and unloading. It is made for a specific type of mini-tractor activity.
- Rotary brushes and snow blowers. They are especially needed in winter on city streets. A tractor with such equipment is able to clear all the bottlenecks between houses and shops where it is difficult for a conventional tractor to drive up.
Assembling a simple unit, as well as home-made attachments for a mini-tractor, does not present any particular problems. All it takes is time, desire, necessary tools and materials.
Attachment on MTZ 82 provides the machine with versatility. For the tractor, it is possible to aggregate with various types mounted and trailed equipment. It should be noted that it is easy to install and dismantle. The rear linkage is responsible for the ease of operation of machines and units. In this article, we will consider the rear linkage mechanism, its device and equipment with which the MTZ-82 tractor can be operated.
The rear linkage mechanism is intended for the installation of trailed, mounted and semi-mounted equipment. In addition, the rear linkage is responsible for bringing the equipment into transport or working position.
The MTZ-82 tractor is equipped with a three-point hydraulic hitch, of a separate-aggregate type. The force required for operation is transmitted from the main diesel engine through the power take-off shaft.
Agricultural attachments for MTZ-82
The tractor is mainly used in agriculture, so the main focus of the manufacturers was on various mechanisms and units designed for all stages of field work. The entire range of such machines can be divided into three categories.
Attachment
Such equipment includes units, the entire weight of which lies entirely on the tractor. Basically, such a device is attached to the rear attachment system, this includes plows, cultivators and seeders.
But sometimes the front attachment also performs a supporting function, for example, for a bulldozer blade or equipment for planting seeds. Attachments that the MTZ-82 tractor can work with include:
- segment-finger type mowers - B-4 or KS-F-2;
- twin rotor mowers;
- disc seeders of the SPU-4 and SPU-4D, SPU-6 and SPU-6D classes;
- three-furrow plows PLN-3-35 P and L-108;
- unit for tillage of combined type APN-2;
- cultivator designed for continuous soil cultivation - KNS-4.0;
- four-row device for planting potatoes - L-202.
Semi-mounted device
One part of the weight of such a device rests on the MTZ-82 tractor, the other on the unit's own axis. Such attachments are attached to the crossbar towing device or traction joints.
This type of fastening is typical mainly for potato harvesters and mechanisms. Semi-mounted mowers are attached to the semi-frame of the tractor. A special hook is provided for fertilizer spreaders. The semi-mounted equipment with which the MTZ-82 tractor works includes:
- ridge-forming cultivator for root crops - KGO-3.0;
- chisel-type hiller - OCH-2.8;
- cultivator for row spacing - KOH-2.8.
Tow hitch
This is a self-supporting equipment, in other words, the mass of the unit falls on its own wheel axles. The tractor only performs the function of a tractor. Such equipment includes:
- two-axle semi-trailers for cargo transportation;
- block-modular type cultivator - KPM-4.0;
- liquid and solid fertilizers(organic) - PRT-7A and MZHT-F-6;
- device for continuous soil cultivation - KPS-4.0.
Mounted excavator
This device is used for road and construction work.. The bucket works through the power take-off shaft and is equipped with an independent hydraulic system. For the operation of the equipment, a rear hitch is used.
The shifted working axis is provided. Thanks to this feature, the bucket can choose the soil almost close to the walls of the pit. The length of the frame along which the bucket moves is 2 meters. This approach makes it possible to carry out excavation work close to the walls of buildings and sidewalks.
The digging depth is 3.1 meters. This attachment belongs to the category of quick-change devices. Installation will take no more than 30 minutes. The work is carried out by one tractor driver.
Specifications:
Attachments are controlled from the tractor cab. If necessary, the bucket can be replaced with a hydraulic hammer or hole drill.
Front loader
Attached equipment can be mounted on the MTZ-82 tractor for loading and unloading operations. These units can be used for agricultural work or for the needs of public utilities. Of the most popular, the following models can be noted:
PF-09
Perhaps this is the most common model that is used in utilities. It can be completed with a bulldozer blade or a bucket with a volume of 0.8 cubic meters. The equipment is driven by a hydraulic system and controlled from the tractor driver's cab.
PF-08-1 (PF-1)
An improved version of the previous model. Of the features, it is possible to note the uniform distribution of the load on the tractor frame. This minimizes the possibility of the machine tipping over when working with heavy weights.
This effect is achieved due to the rods that are connected to rear axle tractor. This approach made it possible to increase the load capacity of attachments up to 1000 kilograms. The unit is controlled hydraulically from the cab. Can be completed with forks for hay harvesting.
PKU-08
A universal model that can be aggregated with a bulldozer blade. The universal mounting scheme allows you to install devices for cleaning snow or leaves. Work with sand, gravel or mineral fertilizers.
PBM-800
This is a variant of the forklift, which is mainly used for work in warehouses.
For road works can be used:
- Hydraulic hammer - GPM-120.
- Road milling machine - FD-567.
With the help of these devices, the MTZ-82 tractor can loosen or crush hard ground, dismantle concrete or asphalt pavements.
For cleaning the streets on the tractor are installed:
- Plow-brush equipment UMDU. The brush speed is 540 rpm. Width of capture of a brush – 2 000 millimeters.
- Grader dump. Designed for planning construction sites or cleaning streets from snow. The weight of the attachment is 450 kilograms. The blade can be rotated at an angle of 90 degrees, the hydraulic system is responsible for the operation of the unit.
- Brushes for wet cleaning of streets. The coverage of the equipment is 2 meters. The device is complemented by a water tank with a volume of 500 liters.
Advantages and disadvantages of attachments
As can be seen from the list of equipment used, the MTZ-82 tractor is a universal machine for multi-purpose use. The machine is used for road and agricultural work, logging, street cleaning and cargo transportation.
The hydraulic system, rear and front hitches are responsible for the operation of the equipment. According to the reviews of machine operators, the equipment works quite tolerably, provided that hydraulic fluid is regularly added, Maintenance and lubricated moving parts.
Complaints cause three-furrow plows. Power diesel engine tractor is clearly not enough to work with this equipment. On hard soils or large areas, plowing occurs unevenly.
Incorrect operation of the front loader has been noticed, especially at maximum load capacity.
Modern tractors are used in almost all industries. However, these powerful and productive machines are useless without additional equipment. It is the mounted units that determine the scope of the equipment, ensure its performance and functionality.
This also applies to small modifications. It’s worth clarifying right away that mini-tractors are used mainly in agriculture and housing and communal services. Therefore, attachments for a mini-tractor can be divided into two groups. Let's get acquainted with each of the categories in more detail.
For the needs of public utilities
It is worth clarifying that mini-tractors are rarely used in construction and housing and communal services. The equipment simply does not have enough power to perform certain types of work. For example, the dismantling of asphalt pavements or the laying of utilities in frozen soil.
However, if the work does not require large traction efforts or large-sized equipment cannot cope with the tasks, mini-tractors take over.
Among the attachments that are used in construction and housing and communal services, the following units can be distinguished:
When performing work, it is necessary to select attachments in accordance with the traction force of the tractor. When using unsuitable devices, damage to the hydraulic system and the engine of the equipment is possible.
For agricultural activities
Modern farms are focused on various fields of activity. In particular, farmers are engaged not only in planting and harvesting cultivated plants, but also in breeding cattle and poultry.
An integrated approach to business is the key to business prosperity. Accordingly, the mini-tractor must perform a full cycle of work: from pre-planting soil preparation to the preparation of vegetable feed for livestock.
Given this feature, the arsenal of a self-respecting farmer should include various categories of attachments. Here is what manufacturers offer for agricultural activities.
Plows for mini tractors
This equipment is designed for processing the topsoil. Please note that for small-sized equipment, mainly mounted plows are used: the weight of the equipment falls entirely on the tractor hitch.
By design features plows are divided into share, rotary and disc. The equipment is selected depending on the area of the field and the complexity of the soil.
Rotary mower
Such units are suitable for working with tractors, whose power varies between 12-25 hp. from. The equipment is designed for mowing grass, chopping and laying the bevel into rolls or mowing.
Models on the market differ in device, method of aggregation to the tractor and performance. For mini-tractors, units are suitable, the frame of which consists of one or two bars with cutting elements installed on them.
The force required to operate the mower is transmitted through the power take-off shaft or wheel chassis drive. The best option will use a baler with the mower, which will form the bevel into rolls, facilitating subsequent transportation and storage.
These products simplify the process of planting potatoes, reducing human intervention to a minimum. The machine consists of independent wheel base, steel frame, furrow coulters and seed hopper.
Please note that almost all models can apply fertilizer to the beds and close the furrow using special discs.
It is worth noting that a potato digger is used for harvesting. This unit is also attached to the rear hitch of a mini-tractor, providing not only the extraction of tubers, but also the cleaning of potatoes from tops and soil residues.
According to the principle of operation, potato diggers are divided into conveyor and vibration (screen) models.
soil cutter
The main purpose of this category of attachments is preplant soil preparation. In particular, during operation, the upper layer of the soil is loosened, with simultaneous grinding of the remains of weeds.
Please note that rototillers are not used in areas with a lot of stones and tree rhizomes.
Cultivator
In addition to planting agricultural crops, plants need care at all stages of growth. For example, to get a bountiful harvest, you need to process the aisles, do mulching and weeding.
Attachments for tractors are its main working tool. Depending on the type and complexity of attachments, the tasks that the tractor can perform change. Without a normal coupling mechanism that allows you to transmit the torque of the power take-off shaft and reliably connect the actuator to the hydraulic system, efficient work on the tractor is impossible.
Two main types of attachments
The equipment used on the tractor can be divided into two main groups. The main determinant of these groups is the tractor linkage mechanism, which is conditionally divided into front and buildings. Depending on whether the executive working tool is attached in front or behind the tractor, the efficiency, efficiency, and working capabilities of the equipment change.
The front hinged system is a rigid mounting mechanism. Its design and dimensions depend on the type of agricultural equipment that is planned to be fixed to the frame. There are quite a lot of options on how to make a hitch on a tractor with your own hands in front.
But this type of hitch has three significant inconveniences:
- To use a plow, harrow and similar mechanisms for working use, you will need to move backwards, which is very inconvenient.
- Serious efficient workloads are not possible in this case.
- Sometimes it is not possible to connect and use a side PTO in an implement.
On the other hand, for simple tasks or attaching auxiliary equipment, the ability to link working mechanisms from the front can increase the efficiency of the tractor. But still, the vast majority of agricultural mechanisms are mounted on the rear of the tractor.
Features of the three-point hitch system
The three-point hitch for a tractor is a separate mechanical unit that is mounted on its hydraulic system behind the cab. It allows you to expand the possible working options for using the tractor, as it helps to efficiently use and quickly change wide-span attachments. The system is a special block, including two longitudinal and one central thrust.
With the help of the central thrust, the working force of the rotation of the power take-off shaft (PTO) is transmitted and the working angles of the actuating equipment are adjusted. But this linkage to the tractor involves the use of only those units that, during operation, move along a strictly defined trajectory with a small tolerance for vibrations to the sides. Agricultural equipment that does not meet these parameters requires its own mounting option. You can clarify this by examining the accompanying documentation that is attached to any agricultural mechanism.