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Vortex tingo dimensions. Vortex Tingo car review - specifications and owner reviews

The Chinese automotive industry offers a wide range of models for every taste. Diversity in such a short time was achieved by copying the most successful brands of the most famous manufacturers.

The Chery company from the Celestial Empire not only launched the manufacture of crossovers called Tiggo in its own country, but also took care of assembling its products abroad.

In our country, the serial production of this car was launched at the car plant in Taganrog, the model was named Vortex Tingo.

Story

First versions Chinese crossover were an exact copy of one of the most successful Japanese-made cars Toyota RAV4. Eternal competitors from Mitsubishi were involved in the work on the car, who managed to raise general level product quality.

The Vortex Tingo car has pretty good specifications especially given its relatively low cost. This combination ensures the popularity of this model among our compatriots.

Of course, the quality of components and assembly does not reach the Japanese. constantly improve their products and work to improve their reliability.

The production of machines of this model in our country began in 2008 at the specialized Avtotor enterprise in Kaliningrad. In 2012, a restyling was carried out, or rather, the modernization of the model.

The changes affected not only her appearance, but also power unit and transmission. Four years of operating experience revealed many shortcomings that the engineers tried to correct.

serial production updated crossover Vortex Tingo in our country was established already in Taganrog. The level of sales of the car, especially at the initial stage, turned out to be quite high, our fellow citizens appreciated the new design and noticeably increased quality.

As expected in this case, the crossover has its own fan club and formed a stable online community.

Vortex Tingo official website and owners clubs

In the information society, every significant company has acquired its own Internet resource. The manufacturer of Vortex Tingo cars, popular in our country, did not remain aloof from this process.

In addition to the official website of CHERY (chery.ru) and TAGAZ (tagaz.ru), there are several more resources created directly by the owners of cars of this brand.

On these sites you can get the most complete information about the car, the features of its operation, Maintenance and much more. Crossover owners share information about malfunctions, how to diagnose and fix them. They will be useful for both beginners and experienced owners of Vortex Tingo brand cars.

Country of origin Vortex Tingo

The developer of the crossover is the Chinese company CHERY in cooperation with the Japanese corporation Mitsubishi. The country of manufacture of Vortex Tingo was the Russian Federation, on the territory of which it was established mass production under the brand name.

As practice has shown, the car has taken root on our roads, despite the shortcomings and specifics.

The history of cooperation between a Chinese company and Russian partners began in 2008, when production was launched in Kaliningrad. Later, TagAZ took up the production of the Vortex Tingo crossover a full-cycle enterprise equipped with modern equipment. Production facilities allow to manufacture bodies, paint them and assemble cars on 4 lines in large enough volumes.

Crossovers of the Vortex Tingo brand are popular with our compatriots, and Russia is indicated as the country of manufacture.

The low price of the car in comparison with the prototype was achieved due to the defeat in quality and the use of inexpensive materials. Nevertheless, the machine has proven itself well and has the right to exist.

Specifications Vortex Tingo

The prototype of this car was almost one to one copied from the RAV4 crossover produced by Japanese company Toyota. Later, some changes were made to the Vortex Tingo model, intended for the Russian market, which affected the technical characteristics. modern car with rich facilities.

The basic configuration of the crossover assumes the presence of a full power package, air conditioning and many other devices. Given the low price, attractive design and adaptability to Russian conditions, the car quickly gained popularity among our compatriots.

The start of sales of the new crossover Vortex Tingo took place in June 2012 - almost immediately after the premiere of the restyled version Chery Tiggo at a car show in the capital of China.

Video - Vortex Tingo review:

The updated exterior and interior have attracted the attention of the public, and it seems that the manufacturer has done some serious work on the bugs. The Russian consumer was offered a time-tested front-wheel drive option.

Appearance

The exterior of the car has changed dramatically, the front of the car looks especially advantageous. The new shape of the headlights, elongated with fender approach, a different shape of the radiator grille, integrated into the large bumper, give the car a more solid look.

The company logo - the Latin letter V from the name of the Vortex model, is inscribed in a circle and resembles the symbols of some world manufacturers.

In the top versions of the car, LED running lights are built into the lower part of the headlights. The bumper has become larger and embossed in the lower part is slightly trimmed to increase patency.

Two longitudinal waves appeared on the hood, organically continuing the pattern set by the designers. In the lateral projection, in addition to the lining on the doors, there are no changes, the same enlarged wheel arches and large side windows.

A new bumper with brake light repeaters is installed in the stern, and all taillights have received LED lamps.

For fans of the crossover Vortex Tingo opens up a wide scope for imagination. Some solutions are suggested by the developers themselves, who installed an additional brake light in the spoiler above the glass. Chinese designers managed to refresh the appearance of the car, and some ideas are very original and unusual.

Salon

The interiors of the crossover have also undergone significant changes, with better plastics in the finish. The new steering wheel has become more functional and stylish, the enlarged hub with three spokes fits organically into the interior design.

On the dashboard an LCD display appeared with a brightness-adjustable blue backlight, which made it possible to significantly increase the information content of the instrument panel.

The center console has changed in shape, it is distinguished from the general background by an anodized aluminum edging. Photo images of the interior of the Vortex Tingo crossover show the increased competence of Chinese engineers.

So, enlarged buttons and rotary switches for controlling the stove and ventilation allow manipulation without removing gloves.

The front row seats have become more comfortable, the seat has increased in length, the lateral support has become larger, which is reflected in its functionality. Niches for a plastic bottle appeared in the plastic door panels, and the power window control key blocks are equipped with backlight.

Textile inserts and upholstery of sofas and seats have become better. In general, the impression of the new interior is positive.

Engine and transmission

The Vortex Tingo crossover is equipped with a gasoline power unit designed to use AI-92 fuel. The main technical characteristics of the car:

  • engine displacement - 1845 cc;
  • rated power at 5750 rpm - 132 hp or 97 kW;
  • maximum torque at 3900 rpm - 160 Nm;
  • maximum speed -175 km / h;
  • the location of the power unit - in front, transversely;
  • number of pistons - four with in-line placement;
  • gas distribution mechanism with a belt drive;
  • front wheel drive;
  • dynamic acceleration from 0 to 100 km / h - 14 s;
  • engine power system - injector, distributed injection;
  • fuel consumption on the highway - no more than 7.5 l / 100 km; in the city - about 9.2 l / 100 km;
  • fuel tank capacity - 55 l;
  • curb weight of the car - 1465 kg;
  • permissible load capacity -310 kg;
  • dimensions (length × width × height) - 4390 × 1765 × 1705 mm;
  • ground clearance - 190 mm.

The SUV moves on wheels with a tire size of 215 / 65R16 and has a fairly high cross-country ability, despite the fact that the car has only front-wheel drive.

The front suspension of the car is McPherson type, the rear is independent spring.

For Russian consumer only available mechanical transmission with five-speed gearbox gears and single plate dry clutch.

Brake system with cross independent circuits, front calipers - ventilated disc, rear - drum. Steering - rack and pinion with hydraulic booster, which greatly simplifies, especially in parking lots. For its class, the car has good technical characteristics, the power unit provides good dynamics.

Complete set

The TagAZ automobile plant produces three versions of the Vortex Tingo crossover, differing in equipment and additional equipment. Equipment options:

  • Basic. It has air conditioning, airbags for the driver and passenger on front seat, display on the dashboard, heated seat cushions, power accessories for all doors and exterior mirrors. The machine has a mechanical transmission.
  • Lux version. It differs from the basic one in the presence of a hatch in the roof and such a useful option as the rear.
  • comfort. It is a car that repeats the configuration of the previous version, equipped with a robotic gearbox.

The car, according to the public and experts, is ambiguous. On the one hand, rich equipment even in the basic version, on the other hand, there are obvious flaws in the form of poorly closing doors and mediocre soundproofing of the cabin.

Opinions were divided from enthusiasm to complete rejection, one thing should be admitted quite obviously for its price, the car is not bad at all.

Vortex Tingo FL received just such a prefix, updated in 2012, a joint project of Russians and Chinese, called Tagaz Vortex Tingo. Unfortunately, the car is not currently in production, and since 2014 such a car can only be found on secondary market.

What exactly is attractive about Tagaz Vortex Tingo, we will find out thanks to the Vortex Tingo review. Let's figure out what the technical characteristics of the Taganrog Vortex Tingo are, and also pay attention to some reviews about the Vortex Tingo. Also at the end of the article you will find a test drive with a video about Vortex Tingo.

The appearance of the restyled crossover is attractive, quite modern design, which noticeably wins against the background of others domestic cars. But, nevertheless, the car could not stay on the assembly line for a long time.

The front end of the Tagaz Vortex Tingo shows a somewhat aggressive nature, thanks to unusual long-base headlights. Signature grille accentuated by a small line imitating chrome.

The bumper turned out to be monolithic, with clearly defined zones. For foglights, almost nothing has changed compared to its predecessor.

The silhouette is classic for such mid-sized crossovers, with slightly prominent wheel arches and light stampings on the sidewalls of the doors. Rails give confidence and maturity.

The stern is characterized by a Japanese style, an identical structure and design, like that of Suzuki. Perhaps the main design elements were copied from there. In principle, it looks soundly, the spare wheel adds confidence, by the way, visibility does not suffer because of it.

Interior

Compared to its direct predecessor, the Tagaz Vortex Tingo, the current generation, or rather the restyled Vortex Tingo FL, has a more thoughtful and modern interior.

The front console has changed just incredible, it's brand new here steering column, with a fashionable three-spoke section, there are even several keys, which already “takes out” the steering wheel to the level of multifunctional ones. Equipping the speedometer panel in a modern way, with two illuminated "wells" and a large on-board computer that opens up all the basic information.

The center console received a head unit, with quite adequate controls and settings. A couple of deflectors were placed on top, three “washers” for climate control were “registered” from below. Everything is quite functional and at the same time visually emphasized by a characteristic chrome stripe, encircling the entire contour of the console.

The seats are adequate, with good lateral support. There are two dense rollers that hold the driver and passenger in place. The pillow also received a new structure, with a more thoughtful profile. Even three riders will fit in the back, and the slightly protruding central tunnel does not cause discomfort.

The luggage compartment has practically not changed from the previous model, all the same 425 liters in the stowed position, it will be possible to increase the usable volume thanks to the folded rear seats, which will increase up to 840 liters of space for loading. By the way, thanks to the update, the geometry of the cabin has significantly improved, from which the luggage compartment has expanded.

Technical indicators

The technical characteristics of the Vortex Tingo did not wait for the update, it still flaunts with the only gasoline unit, for which even the tuning package as such is not available. The working volume of the "atmospheric" remained at the level of 1.8 liters. capable of generating 132 hp and 175 Nm. moment.

In principle, the motor is not bad, by the way, this is not a domestic unit, but borrowed from Toyota, which indicates its reliability. Even if repairs are required, Vortex Tiggo spare parts are not a problem to find. To modify the Tingo of the Vortex Tagaz concern, they preferred to adapt two boxes to the engine, this is the classic "mechanics" of the five-step and a robot.

Unfortunately, the manufacturer only offers front-wheel drive, the duo set was not even available as an option. Despite the solid performance of the motor, its power is barely enough to accelerate the car to hundreds in 14.5 seconds.

Consumption is incredibly modest, unlike direct competitors, only 8 liters in the combined cycle, outside the city and even less, no more than 5.9 liters. By the way, if you pay attention to the Vortex Tingo reviews, then almost every owner confirms that the motor is not bad, resourceful and productive.

At Vortex, the restyled Tingo received suspension specifications from its predecessor. This is the standard base front wheel drive, the front suspension structure is designed through MacPherson , at the back there are “a lot of levers”, which showed quite decent work on domestic roads.

In terms of electronics, the Vortex Tingo FL, even in 2019, flaunts with a couple of assistants for the brake system, providing reliable support to the driver. Besides, steering acquired a hydraulic booster with an adequate feedback response, getting rid of the problems that arise with its predecessor.

Options and prices

The price of Tagaz Vortex Tingo 2019 depends on how well the car has been preserved, on its condition. After all, as already mentioned, in 2014 the production of these models ceased. In principle, even when purchasing a slightly worn-out car, it is not a problem to carry out repairs for the Vortex Tingo with your own hands or by contacting a service, especially since the cost of components is relatively small.

For the Tagaz Vortex Tingo, several complete sets were presented in total, even now on the "secondary" one can find both the "base" and the "Top". Given the used condition, it is most optimal to purchase the maximum "minced meat", because the cost does not differ significantly.

So, the basic description of the "base" Vortex Tingo FL included such a list of equipment and equipment: several pillows, an on-board computer, ABS, power steering, molding, heated seats, air conditioning, electric "paddles", standard audio preparation, drive and heated mirrors.

As already mentioned, it is not possible to purchase a new Vortex modification of Tingo now. When choosing a vortex tingo in the secondary market, read reviews about weak points, what to look for in order to pick up a "live" copy.

In the fall of 2010, mass production started at the facilities of the Taganrog Automobile Plant compact crossover Vortex Tingo, which is a "licensed" copy of the budget Chinese SUV Chery Tiggo. The conveyor life of the car continued until 2014, after which it came to an end due to the difficult financial situation at the Russian TagAZ enterprise.

Outwardly, Vortex Tingo looks very attractive and modern, especially against the background of most other "state employees". The car demonstrates the classic crossover shape with asymmetric "influx" of wheel arches and a flat roof line, off-road which adds a "spare wheel" suspended on the tailgate. Its original "face" is decorated with large headlights and a chrome-plated "shield" of the radiator grille, and a monumental stern - a huge trunk lid and lampshades nestled along the edges.

The length of the "Tingo" is 4285 mm, and its width and height, respectively, are 1765 mm and 1715 mm. The wheelbase of the SUV does not exceed 2510 mm, and the clearance under the bottom fits into 190 mm. In running order, the car weighs 1465 kg.

The interior of the Vortex Tingo is subject to the concept of discreet minimalism - there are no frills to be found in it, but everything you need is available. True, the low quality of finishing materials and the negligence of execution upsets. The round dials of the dashboard, placed on a white background, are nice and easy to read, the three-spoke steering wheel is multifunctional, and the center console, resembling a soap box in shape, carries a two-din radio and three climate control switches.

In front of the Tingo cabin there are comfortable chairs with sufficient adjustment ranges, moderately soft filler and poorly developed side support rollers. The rear sofa is designed to carry three passengers, and for greater convenience it is adjusted in the longitudinal direction and inclination of the back.

In addition to five people, Vortex Tingo is able to take on board up to 424 liters of luggage. The "gallery" is transformed into two unequal parts (in the proportion of 60:40), increasing the useful volume of the "hold" to 790 liters, and a full-fledged spare wheel is suspended on the trunk lid to save space.

Specifications. In the engine compartment of the "Tingo" there is an uncontested Gas engine- This is an atmospheric "four" with a volume of 1.8 liters (1845 cubic centimeters) with an in-line configuration, a 16-valve timing and distributed fuel supply technology. The performance of the motor is 132 horsepower at 5750 rpm and 170 Nm of torque at 4300-4500 rpm, and in combination with it, a 5-speed "mechanics" or a 5-band "robot" and a front-wheel drive transmission are installed ( four-wheel drive not available for crossover.

The “manual” Vortex Tingo reaches a maximum of 175 km / h and accelerates from standstill to the first “hundred” after 12.5 seconds, but the “robotic” version is inferior to it at 5 km / h and 0.5 seconds, respectively. In combined driving conditions, for every 100 km, the car consumes from 7 to 8.5 liters of fuel, depending on the modification.

"Tingo" is based on a front-wheel drive platform on which power point in the transverse plane and steel body of the supporting structure. The suspension of the Russian-Chinese all-terrain vehicle is completely independent: a circuit with McPherson struts is mounted in front, and a multi-link architecture in the back.
The car uses a rack and pinion steering system, supplemented by a hydraulic booster, and all its wheels accommodate disc brakes (ventilated on the front axle) with ABS and EBD.

Options and prices. The Russian secondary market offers a large number of used copies of Vortex Tingo, for which in 2016 they ask from 200 thousand rubles (the most “fresh” and richly equipped cars already cost more than 500 thousand rubles).
The basic package of the crossover includes: two airbags, fog lights, air conditioning, power steering, ABS, heated front seats, regular "music" with four speakers, four power windows and 16-inch alloy wheels. Well, the "top" modification differs only in the presence of a sunroof.

One of the secrets of the popularity of this Chinese car is a clear external resemblance to the second-generation Japanese crossover Toyota RAV-4. Obviously, this is exactly what the Chinese were trying to achieve when developing this car: a potential buyer, looking at the Chery Tiggo, will remember the Japanese counterpart and will definitely buy it. And judging by the number of cars of this brand running on the roads of the world, this oriental trick works well. To distinguish externally a Chinese crossover from a Japanese one is not an easy task. Same profile, same dimensions. Only a powerful hood that goes over the radiator grille, head optics, and even a few minor details distinguish the Tiggo from the RAV-4. The build quality is top notch: the gaps between the body parts are even, although quite wide. Inside, the Tiggo is also very similar to the RAV-4, although it is significantly inferior to it in terms of the quality of finishing materials.

For a long time, Chery Tiggo was supplied to Russia exclusively with front-wheel drive, and only at the end of 2009 did copies appear equipped with a viscous coupling that connects rear wheels when slipping the front. In addition, the owners of this car were forced to shift gears manually, only at the end of 2008 a version with a four-zone “automatic” appeared.

The most popular engines for Chery Tiggo were (and still are) four-cylinder petrol units with 125 and 129 hp. volume of 2 and 2.4 liters, respectively. The ever-increasing popularity of the model in our country forced Chinese automakers to organize the assembly of this crossover, first in Kaliningrad and then in Taganrog.

Taganrog car factory was founded in 1998 in the year of celebration of the 300th anniversary of the city. Over the past years, the plant has changed several partners, and today cars under the BYD and Hyundai brands are produced on its territory. The plant owns Tagaz and Vortex brands.

Releasing a copy of the Chinese crossover Chery Tiggo, plant engineers have been hatching plans for the modernization of this car for about a year. The result of this work was presented at the Beijing Motor Show in the spring of 2012.

The changes affected almost the entire car. In appearance, this is, first of all, the front part, where a new, more elegant radiator grille has appeared, and the headlights, having decreased in size, have acquired a more complex geometric shape. Thanks to this, the image of Vortex Tingo has acquired a more rigorous and finished look. The rear part, after restyling, has got a new bumper and additional brake lights at the bottom. The car has grown in size by 10.5 cm and looks fresh and original. Tagaz Vortex Tingo is available in wide color scheme. All colors come from the metallic series. These are red, black, blue, green, white, "silver". The factory gives an impressive guarantee for the body - 5 years or 500 thousand kilometers, whichever comes first. Tagaz Vortex Tingo vehicles are offered with a large selection additional equipment: nickel-plated "kenguryatnik", metal thresholds, engine crankcase protection.


The interior of the updated Tingo is also different from the Chery Tiggo. A stylish multifunctional steering wheel, a new instrument panel with a large square LCD screen in the middle, larger front seat cushions with more pronounced support - this is just a small list of updates. The finishing materials have improved, a more modern power window control unit has appeared on the driver's door, the radio control keys, the air conditioner “twists” have acquired clear moves, and the interior sound insulation has improved. Build quality is good, but still far from flawless. Frequent burrs on plastic panels, uneven gaps between parts.

Options and prices for the updated Tagaz Vortex Tingo 2013 in Russia

Technical specifications Vortex Tingo has so far remained the same: under the hood is a 1.8-liter gasoline engine with 132 hp. Undoubted advantage this engine is the fuel used - AI 92. Consumption is also not high, on average, in the combined cycle, Tingo consumes about 9.2 liters per hundred kilometers.

The number of configurations has also remained unchanged, there are still three of them. Two versions - MT1 Comfort and MT2 Lux come with a five-speed mechanical box gears, the third - with a robotic five-speed "automatic".

Previously, the automotive world was delightfully clear and unambiguous. What qualities were considered in the first place when choosing. A trio of acceleration, power and top speed. Whoever has the “fattest” engine was given preference. Today everything is much more complicated. People have learned to count their money. Now, when choosing, first of all, environmental friendliness, economy, safety and, of course, the cost of the car are considered. Yes, the Tagaz Vortex Tingo may deserve some reproaches: not too modern, and imperfectly assembled ... But the low price fully justifies the quality of this car, and most likely this factor will have a significant impact in favor of this crossover.

From 2010 to 2014, some successful models Cherry under license. Chinese donors turned out to be a very successful line of work for the plant, they created an additional line for it to rise in popularity. Cars turned out to be quite high quality and presentable. The Vortex Tingo FL model enjoyed particular popularity and increased interest. This is a copy of Tigo, which has become a completely successful reincarnation of a crossover from China, which is successful in all respects. We offer you a detailed overview and several interesting videos, which will introduce potential buyers to TagAZ Vortex Tingo.

Despite the fact that the country of origin of this originally Chinese crossover is Russia, the quality of the model turned out to be impressive. On test drives, many buyers even noticed some positive differences between the Russian assembly and the eastern one. It makes no sense to unnecessarily look at the photo of Tingo, because this Vortex car is well known to us by the appearance of the donor. Beautiful and attractive in terms of technical characteristics, the TagAZ Vortex Tingo should be considered in more detail.

Appearance - beautiful photos in isolation from a Chinese donor

If we consider the car solely in comparison with the prototype, you can find few differences. Therefore, we will talk more about Vortex Tingo as an authentic model, especially since owner reviews confirm the individual features of the car. By the way, one of the individual characteristics of the TagAZ Vortex Tingo can be called the nature of the crossover. Among the important design features that create an impression of the car, the following aspects should be highlighted:

  • the visual price of the model is clearly high, which motivates the buyer to purchase vehicles;
  • the country of manufacture is visible only by the not too common Vortex logo on the radiator grille;
  • Tingo's personality is also expressed in the interior, which is not too spacious, but very cozy;
  • the pursuit of practicality has made Vortex Tingo 2011 one of the good competitors On the market;
  • despite the Chinese roots, the car is ready to defend the title of a quality crossover;
  • on a test drive, you will not be able to find too bad moments in the appearance of this vehicle.

Tagaz Vortex Tingo became one of the first vehicles of the manufacturer, which made a name and gave fame to the whole line. If not for the Chinese donor and the good attitude towards the original model, Tingo would have had very little chance of success. But the concern from Taganrog has done a lot to promote the Vortex line in the homeland, because the popularity of the car is actually present.

Important Specifications - Full Copy

The capacities and experience of the TagAZ company did not allow it to develop its own engines and introduce major changes in the technical characteristics of the TagAZ Vortex Tingo. That is why the company decided to leave the equipment unchanged, which gave the future owners a good reliable transport with a lot of important advantages. When reviewing technology, among the worthy features, the following important features should be noted:

  • the 1.8-liter engine produces a decent 132 horsepower, which is enough for a car;
  • the Chinese automatic is a good alternative to the basic 5-speed manual;
  • for a test drive, it is better to take a version with mechanics, which better shows the dynamic properties of the engine;
  • judging by the reviews of the owners, to automatic box takes some getting used to, but it's also dynamic;
  • all equipment was produced with an eye on the price and the final model offers of the car.

Such a superficial overview of the technical characteristics gives an idea that the machine is quite reliable and of high quality, it performs its tasks without problems and provides a lot of important advantages. Of course, the main benefits of the purchase cannot be felt on a small test drive. To do this, you need to own the Vortex Tingo FL and know all the subtleties of the machine.

Price and important subtleties of the model - we look at the purchase

Of course, buy quality car, even with Chinese roots, every potential buyer wants. But the very first test drive can somewhat change your opinion about any purchase. Cars should be chosen according to individual preferences, and the Vortex Tingo 2011 has many features that make the car unique and specific:

  • despite the status of a crossover, the interior is quite small, there is not much space here;
  • the Russian concern used cheap materials to reduce the price of the car;
  • in the reviews of the owners every now and then it is said about the frequent bad smell from plastic heated in the sun;
  • transport controls are not made of the highest quality plastics;
  • the trunk was not so big and very inconveniently laid out.

Tagaz Vortex Tingo is not a perfect model that will suit every motorist. To choose a car, it is better for you to conduct a personal test drive. True, finding a car in the cabin will not work - the plant went bankrupt last year. Therefore, it will be necessary to review automotive market, where this model can be bought for 400-500 thousand rubles.

Summing up

The low price and good reviews from the owners often become the main motive for buying such an offer as the Vortex Tingo FL. The machine does not inspire endless confidence, but it does not cause any negative emotions from the first contact. It is somewhat pitiful that the Russian assembly company was forced to stop its activities, because the company was clearly moving in the right direction.

Today we can consider the purchase of TagAZ Vortex Tingo only in the secondary market. The purchase is complicated by the fact that vehicles since 2010 could not be operated too carefully. This can disable all expensive and important components. vehicle and force the new owner to constantly spend money on repairs and restoration work. To avoid this, conduct a good diagnosis before buying.

26.05.2015