Receipt of a currency transfer by an individual. Currency control over transactions of individuals with foreign currency

15.04.16 Money transfers and payments

Question:
I am a resident of Crimea, and due to the sanctions applied to Crimea, my company cannot transfer money (dollars) to me directly, to Crimea. In order to be able to receive money, I opened a bank account in Moscow and my company transferred some amount (less than 2000 US dollars) to me there. When opening an account, I asked bank employees if it was possible to transfer currency from one of my accounts to another in another bank. I was told yes it is possible. Now that the money has arrived, I tried to transfer the currency to the account of the Crimean bank, where I also have a foreign currency account. And the bank tells me that settlements between residents within Russia in foreign currency are prohibited. Yes, I understand that between residents, but the transfer of funds from one of my accounts to another is not a settlement between residents. Tell me who is right here and how to get out of the situation so that I can get currency in Crimea.

Answer: A bank employee, telling you that “calculations between residents within Russia in foreign currency are prohibited,” simply made an inaccurate expression, voicing the law, but he is right in the main thing - such a ban really exists. Of course, it is bad that you were not immediately warned about the problem that they think you may have, i.e. treated the problem formally.

I'll start by explaining the situation. Article 9, paragraph 1 of the Federal Law "On currency regulation and currency control" dated 10.12.2003 N 173-FZ really states that currency transactions between residents are prohibited. It is between residents and precisely operations.

Here is how it is stated in the law N 173-FZ of 12/10/2003:

1. Currency transactions between residents are prohibited, with the exception of: (and then 21 items are listed with the exceptions themselves)

Here are just two of the 21 points:

Article 9. Currency transactions between residents

There are no separate articles, explanations or exceptions that would stipulate the impossibility of a resident to carry out foreign exchange transactions between their foreign currency accounts, but the law clearly stipulates the possibility of currency transfers to close relatives (as an exception) and exceptions under part 3 of article 14, specified in Clause 1 of Art. 9.

The definition of “transactions between residents” is not fully applicable to you, and you are absolutely right in this, but there is no other definition of these transactions between accounts of one resident in the law either. There is a clear gap or inconsistency in the wording, which, of course, one can try to clarify through the Constitutional Court, but this is a long song, and there are no people who want to do this.

Therefore, in a situation where direct transfers from abroad to Crimea are under sanctions, and even the American payment systems Visa and MasterCard operating in Russia support the sectional regime, and the law prohibits currency transfers between residents within the country, transfer the currency to the account of the Crimean the bank becomes extremely problematic.

Now about what in this situation can be done through your bank. There is only one legal solution to the problem of non-cash transfer of currency from account to account, which the bank will not be able to dispute, and you already determine how accessible and realistic it is for you.

So, the currency can be transferred on the territory of Russia to a currency account that will be opened by your wife (if she has one!), Father or mother, brother or sister. Such an exception by law is laid down in clause 17 (Article 9 of the Federal Law N 173-FZ of December 10, 2003), which may suit you, but I think the relationship of the resident recipient will need to be documented in the sending bank. In addition, the receiving bank must also be an authorized bank. Transfers are made without limitation on the amount.

This is how this operation is described in the same article of Law N 173-FZ of December 10, 2003, an excerpt from which I have already quoted above:

Article 9. Currency transactions between residents

1. Currency transactions between residents are prohibited, except for:
1) transactions provided for by subparagraphs "g" and "h" of paragraph 9 of part 1 of article 1, parts 2 - 4 of this article, part 6 of article 12 and part 3 of article 14 of this Federal Law;
17) transfers by individuals - residents of foreign currency from their accounts opened with authorized banks in favor of other individuals - residents who are their spouses or close relatives (relatives in direct ascending and descending lines (parents and children, grandfather, grandmother and grandchildren ), full-blooded and half-blooded (having a common father or mother) brothers and sisters, adoptive parents and adopted children), to the accounts of these persons opened in authorized banks or in banks located outside the territory of the Russian Federation;

Documents confirming the relationship of the resident recipient of the currency transfer include:

• Certificates issued by civil registry offices (marriage, birth, etc.) and a copy;


• Court decisions on establishing the fact of family or kinship relations, on adoption (adoption), on establishing paternity, etc.


• Identity documents containing records of children, spouses and a notarized copy;


• Name change certificate and other documents stipulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The question immediately arises why a resident can transfer currency to his wife or parents and cannot transfer it to his own foreign currency account, only in another bank? Unfortunately, I don’t have an answer to this question (and I don’t know what the bank is guided by). The websites of a number of large banks state that "Transfers of funds in foreign currency and the currency of the Russian Federation to their accounts in authorized banks in the territory of the Russian Federation are carried out without restrictions." That is possible!?
Therefore, you can try to silently fill out an application for a money transfer, transfer it to the operating unit of the bank for the transfer and receive an official refusal with reference to the law or the transfer of funds (making a payment). To transfer your own funds in foreign currency to your own account opened with a bank located on the territory of the Russian Federation, I think you will only need to submit a settlement document and your passport. Well, you can also attach a certificate from the Crimean Bank confirming that you have a foreign currency account with details.

You can also try to issue a non-cash foreign exchange transfer from a resident's account to a non-resident's account, but for this, among your close friends there must be a non-resident who permanently resides in Crimea, has a foreign currency account, and even agrees to help you. This is a problematic and undesirable option, although transfers by residents of the Russian Federation when making a payment in favor of a non-resident of the Russian Federation in foreign currency are carried out without restrictions. And such transfers can be subject to financial monitoring.

In addition, in order to make a non-cash transfer in foreign currency in favor of a non-resident, an “Application for a money transfer (of the established form) is submitted to the Bank with the obligatory observance of the following conditions:

• The payment document indicates who the recipient of the funds is - a resident or a non-resident.


• The field "Purpose of payment" contains information reflecting the economic essence of the transaction (material assistance, purchase of securities, etc.). When making a type of payment that requires the submission of supporting documents, the number and date of such documents shall be indicated in the "purpose of payment" field.

However, banks carry out money transfers from an account to an account of one client in foreign currency throughout Russia. Part 3 of Article 14 of the Federal Law of December 10, 2003 N 173-FZ (as amended on December 30, 2015) "On currency regulation and currency control" is suitable for this:

Article 14. Rights and obligations of residents in the course of foreign exchange transactions
3. Settlements in the course of foreign exchange transactions shall be made by resident individuals through bank accounts in authorized banks, the procedure for opening and maintaining which is established by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, with the exception of the following foreign exchange transactions carried out in accordance with this Federal Law:
1) transfer by a resident natural person of currency valuables as a gift from the Russian Federation, a subject of the Russian Federation and (or) a municipality;
2) donations of currency values ​​to the spouse and close relatives;
3) bequests of currency values ​​or their receipt by inheritance right;
4) acquisition and alienation by a resident individual for the purpose of collecting single banknotes and coins;
5) transfer by a resident individual from the Russian Federation and receipt in the Russian Federation by a resident individual of a transfer without opening bank accounts, carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, which may provide only for limiting the amount of the transfer, as well as postal transfer;
6) purchase from an authorized bank or sale to an authorized bank by a resident individual of cash foreign currency, exchange, replacement of banknotes of a foreign state (a group of foreign states), as well as acceptance of cash foreign currency for collection in banks outside the territory of the Russian Federation;
7) settlements of individuals - residents in foreign currency in duty-free shops, as well as in the sale of goods and the provision of services to individuals - residents along the route of vehicles in international transportation;
8) settlements carried out by resident individuals in accordance with Part 6.1 of Article 12 of this Federal Law;
9) transfer without opening a bank account by a resident individual in favor of a non-resident on the territory of the Russian Federation, receipt by a resident individual of a transfer without opening a bank account in the Russian Federation from a non-resident, carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, which may provide, respectively, only limiting the amount of the transfer and the amount of receipt of the transfer.

Given this article, the bank should have carried out your transactions, but before using any of the above methods of currency transfer, you should once again consult with the employees of both banks. Perhaps they will offer you something more acceptable. Good luck with banking.

In their daily lives, citizens often face the need to transfer money abroad. Parents send funds to their children studying at universities in other countries, and those who arrived in the country to work send money to their relatives. However, not all citizens are aware of how to carry out this operation quickly, conveniently, and most importantly - with a minimum commission.

The main ways to transfer money abroad

There are two ways to send money to an individual through a bank: through opening a bank account and without carrying out this operation. Each of the methods has its own advantages and disadvantages, so it makes sense to dwell on each of them in more detail.

Transfer of funds from account to account

This method is relevant for those citizens who are constantly involved in the process of money transfers. This approach is also convenient for those who wish to make a one-time, but rather large transfer of funds. To perform this kind of operation, you need to perform the following steps:

• Apply to any bank with a passport and write an application for opening an account there;
• Sign an agreement on opening an account and receive its full details.

Most often, registration of an account for an individual is carried out by Russian banks free of charge or for a small fee. The account has an indefinite nature of action, however, if no transactions are made on it within 1 year, it is blocked.

In order to transfer funds from an account to an account of an individual located abroad, you will need to go to any branch of the servicing bank and fill out a document for transferring funds. It will need to indicate:

• details of the accounts of the sender and recipient of funds;
• transfer amount;
• payment currency.

Many citizens mistakenly believe that when transferring money from account to account, the bank will notify the tax service about the operation, and the recipient will have to wait for permission from the Federal Tax Service or pay a transfer fee. In reality, financial institutions disclose information about their clients' accounts only at the request of law enforcement agencies.

Among the advantages of transferring funds abroad to an individual's account are the following aspects:

• Commission payments for such an operation are minimal;
• A personal account can be used repeatedly without paying funds for its maintenance;
• The recipient can withdraw the transfer from his card at an ATM if it is linked to the account;
• The sender can transfer funds to the recipient's deposit account and, thereby, save him from having to pay commissions for cash withdrawals.

Transferring funds without opening an account

If a citizen needs to send a small amount of funds at a time, then it is best to use one of the money transfer systems. You can send money abroad through Unistream, Anelik, Western Union, Contact, which are special mechanisms supervised by financial corporations. The latter enter into agreements with banks from different countries, which act as intermediaries in the transfer of funds.

When choosing a suitable system for transferring money abroad, you should pay attention to two things:

• the presence of this system in the country of residence of the recipient;
• transfer fee.

All existing methods function in the same way, and, therefore, it makes no sense to pay more.

To transfer funds to an individual abroad, you should go to any bank that works with the selected system, with a passport and fill out an application for transferring funds, indicating your full name. recipient, country, city of residence and amount of funds. The bank gives the sender a unique code, which he must give to the recipient. It is through him that the latter will be able to take the money.

Transferring funds to a citizen without opening an account will cost more, but it is carried out instantly and is processed in a simpler way.

Legislative regulation of money transfers

Despite the fact that banks keep the details of money transfers secret, the movement of amounts exceeding 600,000 rubles is monitored by the financial monitoring service. This is done with only one purpose: to stop money laundering abroad and other fraudulent transactions. This issue is discussed in detail in FZ-115. Most often, the sender will be forced to fill out a special document revealing the origin of this impressive amount of money.

The transfers themselves are regulated by Federal Law-161, which discloses:

• the main aspects of the work of the international system, which allows banks to transfer funds from an account to an account of citizens;
• basic issues of transferring funds through money transfer systems.

In the Instruction of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, regarding foreign transfers of individuals No. 1412, it is determined that the maximum transfer amount should not exceed $ 5,000 within one day.

Even knowing all the intricacies of sending money abroad, in order not to get into a difficult situation and not incur extra costs for paying commissions, it makes sense to take into account the following recommendations:

• It is better to transfer large amounts to the account, and small ones - through money transfer systems;
• Of all the mechanisms for transferring money without opening an account, it is better to choose the cheapest system, since high commissions are determined not by the reliability and speed of transferring funds, but by the reputation of a financial corporation. For example, the most expensive system of international transfers of funds is Western Union;
• When opening a bank account, the recipient should ask in advance what percentage is the commission for withdrawing the money received.

Thus, the transfer of funds abroad to an individual can be carried out through special systems or through bank accounts. At the same time, both in the first and in the second case, no permits for transactions from the tax service should be taken. The choice of method of transferring funds, in fact, is determined only by the amount transferred and the cost of the operation.

The ability of an individual to make non-cash transfers in foreign currency directly depends on whether such a person is a resident of the Russian Federation for the purposes of currency regulation. In turn, citizens of the Russian Federation are recognized as residents, with the exception of those permanently residing or temporarily residing (on the basis of a work or study visa) in a foreign state for at least a year (subparagraph “a”, paragraph 6, part 1, article 1 of the Law of 10.12.2003 N 173-FZ).

Cases when non-cash transfers in foreign currency are allowed and prohibited

Transfers in foreign currency between residents and non-residents, as well as between non-residents, are carried out without restrictions (Article 6, Law N 173-FZ).

Transfers in foreign currency between residents are prohibited, except for established cases, including (clauses 12,, 17, part 1, article 9 of Law N 173-FZ):

• transfer from the Russian Federation in favor of resident individuals to their accounts in banks outside the territory of the Russian Federation, subject to the limit on the amount;
• transfer by a resident in the Russian Federation from an account in a bank outside the territory of the Russian Federation in favor of resident individuals to their accounts in banks in the territory of the Russian Federation;
• transfer from one's bank accounts in the territory of the Russian Federation in favor of spouses or close relatives who are residents to their bank accounts in the territory of the Russian Federation or abroad.

Also, residents can make foreign currency transfers to their own bank accounts both in the Russian Federation and abroad. There are no restrictions on the amount in this case.

Non-cash transfers in foreign currency can be made both from an account opened with a bank and without opening such an account.

Cashless transfers from an account opened with a bank

When making a non-cash transfer in foreign currency from your account, you need to contact the bank where you have an account and submit certain documents.

So, you will need to present a document proving your identity and provide information about the recipient of the transfer (name, name and details of the bank in which the recipient has an account, and the recipient's account number). In addition, you will need to submit documents that the bank may request from you for the purpose of exercising currency control, including (part 4 of article 12 of Law N 173-FZ; clause 1 of Directive of the Bank of Russia dated 07.20.2007 N 1868-U ):

1) when making a transfer for an amount exceeding USD 5,000 (or the equivalent at the exchange rate of the Bank of Russia on the date of debiting the funds), information on confirmation of the recipient's currency accounting status (that the recipient is a non-resident). Banks independently determine in what form such information should be provided. This may be, for example, a copy of the passport of a citizen of a foreign state of the recipient or an indication of the non-residence of the recipient in the column "Purpose of payment" of the payment document;

2) when making a transfer to one's own account with a bank outside the territory of the Russian Federation, a notification submitted by a resident to the tax authority at the place of its registration on the opening of this account with a note from the tax authority on its acceptance. This notification shall be submitted only at the time of the first transfer. In the future, it is not required;

3) when making a transfer to your spouse or close relative - documents (copies thereof) confirming kinship, in particular a citizen's passport, birth or marriage certificates.

These documents are not required if you are making a transfer to your spouse or relative to his account opened with a bank outside the territory of the Russian Federation for an amount not exceeding USD 5,000 (or the equivalent at the exchange rate of the Bank of Russia on the date of debiting the funds).

Cashless transfers without opening an account

Non-cash transfers without opening an account to individuals are carried out through money transfer systems.

For their implementation, it is necessary to make sure that there are service points of the selected system in the country and city of presence of the recipient of the money transfer. As a rule, service points are banks with which payment systems have a contractual relationship.

At the service point of the payment system, you will need to present a document proving your identity and provide information about the recipient of the transfer (full name of the recipient of the transfer, country, city). After depositing funds at the cash desk, you will be given a control code or other transfer identifier. This information will need to be transferred to the recipient of the transfer so that he can receive the funds.

A transfer without opening a bank account is carried out within a period of no more than three business days from the date of provision of cash for such a transfer (part 5 of article 5 of the Law of 27.06.2011 N 161-FZ).

When making a transfer from the Russian Federation without opening a bank account through an authorized bank, there is also a limit on the amount of the transfer. Thus, a transfer within one business day through one bank cannot exceed the amount equivalent to 5,000 US dollars at the exchange rate of the Bank of Russia on the date of application for the transfer (clauses 5, 9, part 3, article 14 of Law N 173- FZ; Instruction of the Bank of Russia dated 30.03.2004 N 1412-U).

Note!

When a foreign state imposes bans on payment systems whose operators are registered with the Bank of Russia, a cashless transfer without opening an account can be carried out from the Russian Federation to such a state if the payment system operators, payment infrastructure service providers, foreign organizations (except for foreign banks and credit organizations), on the basis of agreements with which the transfer is made, are under the control of Russian organizations ( part 1, 2 tbsp. 19.1 of Law N 161-FZ).

Features of electronic money transfer

A cashless transfer without opening a bank account is also possible when transferring electronic money (hereinafter referred to as EMF) using electronic payment systems (for example, WebMoney, Yandex.Money and Qiwi). At the same time, the requirements of the currency legislation of the Russian Federation (part 3 of article 5, part 24 of article 7 of Law N 161-FZ) apply to transfers of EMF in foreign currency.

Reference. Electronic money

Electronic funds are such funds that are previously provided by an individual to an EMF operator to fulfill their monetary obligations to third parties and in respect of which this individual has the right to transfer orders exclusively using electronic means of payment ( paragraph 18 of Art. 3 of Law N 161-FZ).

In this case, an individual can provide funds to the EMF operator with or without using a bank account. Also, funds in his favor can be provided to the EMF operator by organizations or individual entrepreneurs, if such an opportunity is provided for by the agreement between the individual and the EMF operator. In turn, the latter forms a record on the amount of funds provided to him (parts 2, 4, article 7 of Law N 161-FZ).

The transfer of EMF in favor of their recipients is usually carried out on the basis of an order of an individual - the payer, in some cases - at the request of the recipients of EMF. At the same time, payers and recipients of EMF can be clients of either one or several EMF operators (parts 7, 8, article 7 of Law N 161-FZ).

As a rule, the transfer is carried out by simultaneously accepting the payer's order by the EMF operator, reducing its EMF balance and increasing the recipient's EMF balance by the amount of the transfer. Transfer using a payment card specially designed for this is carried out within a period of no more than three working days after the EMF operator accepts the order of the payer. A shorter period may be provided by an agreement between the EMF operator and the payer, or by the rules of the payment system. After that, the transfer of the EMF becomes irrevocable and the payer's monetary obligations to the recipient of the EMF are terminated (clause 26, article 3, part 10,,, 17, article 7 of Law N 161-FZ).

The service of transferring funds from card to card is becoming more and more popular every day. Many have already appreciated the convenience of this service - the money goes to the recipient's card almost instantly. At the same time, this procedure does not cost such a lot of money. No wonder that many people have a question, does this service work internationally? Is it possible to send money in this way to a cardholder from near and far abroad?

How do maps of the USA and Europe differ from Russian ones?

The most popular payment systems in the world are VISA and MasterCard. The cards of these payment systems in any country are exactly the same. Of course, we are now talking exclusively about the technical side and do not touch on design, issuing banks, etc. In any country, VISA card numbers begin with the number 4, and MasterCard - by 5. A card of any "nationality" contains 16 digits in its number.

In addition to the most popular payment systems, there are less common ones: American Express (AmEx),
Diners Club, China UnionPay. There are also local systems. Such cards are common within one country, such as the MIR card in Russia. In the US, this system is Discovery. In Germany - GiroCard and GeldCard. In Belgium - Bancontact. Dankort is in Denmark.

How to transfer money from a card of the Russian Federation to a card of another state?

VISA and MasterCard cards are not in vain considered the most popular payment cards in the world. In almost every country, payment system data cards are issued and accepted by all national banks. The transfer of funds to them, in fact, is no different from the transfer within the country. However, there are nuances.

1. Since the funds will be credited in the currency of the card, conversion is required. Conversion is not a free service. That is, when transferring to a card in another currency, you should remember about the additional commission.
2. Increased transfer fee. Some banks may charge higher fees for cross-border transfers. That is, instead of 1-3% of the amount you will be charged 2-4%. The exact amount of such a commission is better to check with the bank that issued your card. Be sure to clarify that the transfer to the card of a foreign bank.
3. Not all Russian banks are able to make such transfers. And this point also needs to be clarified directly with your bank.

There are restrictions on both the minimum and maximum transfer amounts, as well as the size of the commission. Direct transfers between different payment systems are currently not possible. I would like to believe so far.

Many banks and transfer systems offer specialized services. The speed of transferring funds is very high:
in 20 minutes your recipient will receive the money. But the commissions will be rather big. For example, Alfa-Bank will charge 2% of the amount + 40 rubles (1.3 USD or 1 EURO) for the service. Third-party services also allow you to carry out such an operation, but here the question of trust arises in full growth: are you ready to provide your card details to an unknown service with an unpredictable result?

If we consider the possibility of transferring money directly to a foreign bank card account, then this will be a regular international transfer. With all its cons:

1. Not every bank in Russia provides the opportunity to make such a transfer;
2. There are strict restrictions on the minimum and maximum transfer amounts. There are both limits on a single transaction (minimum and maximum), and maximum limits on the daily and monthly amount of transfers.
3. High commissions that also have minimal limits.
4. The transfer is carried out only in the national currency of the country of the recipient. That is, for Europe it is the EURO, for the USA it is the dollar.
5. The transfer time can be up to two weeks.

Transfer of funds is carried out through the international SWIFT system, to which not all banks are connected. Many small, regional financial institutions do not consider it necessary to use SWIFT. Therefore, if you decide to transfer cash to an account in a foreign bank, you should contact the market leaders: Sberbank, VTB, Alfa-Bank and other major participants. And the cost of such a transfer in a large organization will be lower.

What are the features when transferring to cards of Ukrainian banks?

In connection with the well-known political events and the growing tension between Russia and Ukraine, difficulties are expected to arise with money transfers. Sanctions, the closure of branches of Russian banks, the ban on payment systems - all this does not make life easier for an ordinary citizen. Nevertheless, the services of international payment systems are still working. That is, having a VISA or MasterCard card, you can transfer card2card. True, it is worth checking with the recipient whether he will be able to use the funds after crediting. This method is no different from a transfer to any other country: you can use the services described above or an ATM of your issuing bank (if it supports card-to-card transfers).

Some banks still provide the ability to transfer money using account details. Unfortunately, the situation is now changing so rapidly that the relevance of this information is best checked on the spot. For example, at the time of writing, it will not be possible to use Sberbank branches to transfer funds: the government of Ukraine has imposed sanctions. You can still contact Alfa-Bank, Citibank. Sanctions against them are not yet planned.

Of course, there are workarounds for replenishing foreign cards. With the help of electronic wallets, for example. Such a scheme looks like this:

1. You replenish your electronic wallet (PayPal, Yandex.Wallet, Qiwi) in cash or with a card.
2. The next step is to withdraw funds to the desired card.

Among the obvious disadvantages of such methods: a large amount of time spent and the complexity of the circuit itself. And don't forget commissions. Using a similar scheme, you will pay at least three times:

1. for replenishment of the account;
2. for the conversion
3. for withdrawing funds.

Of the pluses, only one can be named: in the end, you will transfer the money.

Proven overseas transfer services

Of the proven card-to-card transfer services, you can safely use https://paysend.com/ abroad - it transfers money to any card anywhere in the world.
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A topical question for many now is: how to transfer your money abroad? For example, to the countries of the EU, USA or Canada, etc. What problems can arise in this case and what are the alternatives?

It is clear that it is risky to carry large amounts of cash across the border, and problems with legalization later on the spot can also arise.

On the other hand, with non-cash transfers abroad and currency control in Russia, everything is also not so easy, but nevertheless ...

How to make a currency transfer abroad?

Let's say that you have already opened an account in a foreign bank (which in itself is not so easy).

Further, let me remind you that the main problem for Russians at the present time is the fact that in order to send funds in foreign currency to their own foreign currency account in a foreign bank, in accordance with Article 24 of the Federal Law "On currency regulation and currency control", they are obliged notify the tax authorities about opening accounts outside of Russia.

After that, you can transfer funds from your account in a Russian bank only by providing the bank with the same notification with a tax visa about taking it into account (accounting).

Also, our state has recently taken care of us again by deciding that the Russians report to the tax authorities on the movement of funds in their foreign accounts, annually providing certified (including notarized) certificates from foreign banks. Regardless of the time and financial costs of such a report for each Russian owner of a foreign account.

However, there is a way out and quite simple 🙂.

Federal Law "On currency regulation and currency control" dated December 10, 2003 N 173-FZ restrictions on currency bank transfers between the accounts of spouses and close relatives have been lifted.

The amount of transfers is not limited, but for their implementation it is necessary to provide documents confirming kinship (for example, a copy of a marriage certificate or birth certificate).

Article 9. Currency transactions between residents
1. Currency transactions between residents are prohibited, except for:
…
17) transfers by individuals - residents of foreign currency from their accounts opened with authorized banks in favor of other individuals - residents who are their spouses or close relatives (relatives in direct ascending and descending lines (parents and children, grandfather, grandmother and grandchildren ), full-blooded and half-blooded (having a common father or mother) brothers and sisters, adoptive parents and adopted children), to the accounts of these persons opened in authorized banks or in banks located outside the territory of the Russian Federation;
(Clause 17 was introduced by Federal Law No. 127-FZ of July 5, 2007, as amended by Federal Law No. 155-FZ of July 2, 2013)
via www.consultant.ru/popular/currency/47_2.html

The Bank of Russia has determined the list of required documents: in addition to a passport, a client may need a marriage certificate, birth or adoption certificate, certificate of name change and paternity, etc.

Some banks in such cases may ask additionally (on their own initiative for insurance), in addition to other documents, to provide, for example, a document of donation, loan, etc., which must be signed by the sender and recipient of funds.

Thus, I summarize:

The husband opened an account in a Spanish bank. I called my wife, dictated the details. The wife went to the bank with a marriage certificate and transferred 200 thousand dollars from her foreign currency account to her husband's account in Spain.

The son opened a bank account in the United States. Emailed the details to my mom. Mom went to the bank with currency and a birth certificate, put the currency into her account and transferred the money to her son's account in the United States.

Don't you think that some hemorrhoids are missing in these chains?! That's right, the wife and mother did not go to the tax office - they are not required to do this by law. Further, I think, the course of thoughts and actions is clear to you.