SWAPO is a common word in automotive circles that means replacing an engine or gearbox. This can be a replacement for a more powerful unit to increase power or the installation of the original motor when the old one fails. SWAP for UAZ Patriot most often involves the installation imported engine instead of regular.
Engine and transmission swap on Patriot
As a standard, 2.7-liter gasoline and diesel engines are installed on the UAZ Patriot. They have a small power - 135 hp. with., many motorists want to increase it. There are two ways to do this - tuning and SWAPO.
Chip tuning of the engine does not give a very large increase in power. In addition, it is difficult to find a good specialist who will competently carry out this work. It is much easier to replace the engine with a contract one taken from a foreign car. This allows you to change the type of fuel that the car runs on. But along with the engine block, you will have to change the power system. UAZ produces Patriots only on mechanics. During the SWAP process, it is recommended to replace the gearbox at the same time. In this case, you can put both mechanics and automatic.
It's important to know! In order for the integration of the new power unit in the SWAPO process to be successful, they change all the electrics, sensors and the motor control unit. They are selected based on the requirements of the new motor.
Advantages
Firstly, the UAZ Patriot engine swap is carried out if the previous unit failed. In some cases, it is impossible or impractical to carry out major repairs in terms of monetary costs. It's easier to buy new motor and put it.
Secondly, SWAPO allows you to choose the engine that you always wanted to see on your car. For example, it may be a turbocharged diesel. Diesel equipment is more expensive than gasoline, but it pays off with lower fuel consumption, even with turbocharging.
Thirdly, SWAPO UAZ Patriot improves speed characteristics. Power, torque increase, speed and dynamics increase. It is pleasant for every driver to feel that a "beast" is hiding under the hood of his car. To do this, it is not necessary to buy expensive German cars, you can install new engine for domestic cars.
Which motor to choose
Most often, motorists want to put a V6 or V8 engine on the UAZ Patriot. The most popular brand is Toyota. The engines of this company are reliable, serve for a long time, do not require repairs up to 400 thousand km. With careful care, they can serve the owner of 1 million km. The easiest way is to find a motor in your city on auto parsing or on the Internet. You can order contract spare parts from Japan, many companies in the Far East are engaged in deliveries.
Note! Some companies provide warranties on units. Before buying, you cannot check the performance of the motor, so it is better to buy from a supplier that gives a guarantee.
The most popular Toyota gasoline engines for UAZ Patriot:
- 1UZ 4L;
- 3UZ 4.3L;
- 5VZ 3.4L;
- 1JZ 2.5L
The most popular Toyota diesel engines:
- 1KZ 3 l;
- 1KD 3 l;
- 5L 3 l.
Before buying a power unit, calculate how much the number of Horse power in your car. Swap UAZ Patriot you will need to register in MREO. If the capacity becomes too high as a result of this procedure, you may be denied registration. This threatens with a fine when examined by a traffic police officer or when selling a car.
At the factory, UAZ Patriot engines are installed with ZMZ 409 engines. They have a special design and mounting methods under the hood. Imported units may have a different design. When installing, you need to choose the mounts and properly install the new engine.
What needs to be changed at the same time as the engine:
- Steering gear;
- Radiator;
- Checkpoint or traverse with a tunnel;
- Cardan gears;
- Wiring and ECU;
- Exhaust systems.
Under the hood, the location of the nodes changes, and the motor mounts change.
Before purchasing new parts and installing them, you need to calculate the project. You must be sure that the new parts will fit the design of the selected unit and the entire vehicle.
It is best to order a UAZ Patriot engine swap at a professional car service that provides such a service. For self replacement you must be confident in your abilities and skills. Before starting work, it is important to write an application to the MREO to replace the power unit and register the alteration.
The Patriot SUV is the flagship of the famous Russian brand UAZ. Serial production of the car began in the summer of 2005, after its predecessor, UAZ Simbir (1997-2004), was discontinued. The base gasoline engine UAZ Patriot - .10, as well as diesel ZMZ 514.32, went to the car from its predecessor.
In addition, for several years (2008-2012), the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UMZ) produced the original version of the Patriot model, equipped with the Italian IVECO F1A diesel engine, which many experts consider optimal for this car.
INTERESTING! Currently, ZMZ (JSC Zavolzhsky Motor Plant) is finishing the development of a new 2-liter car engine with a capacity of 140-150 liters. from. (torque 300 Nm).
In addition, it is planned to produce a more powerful power unit equipped with a turbocharger. The new motor will fully comply with the mandatory international standards "Euro-5".
Specifications
IVECO F1A engine:
| PARAMETER | MEANING |
|---|---|
| Working volume of cylinders, cu. cm | 2287 |
| Engine power, l. from. (at 3900 rpm) | 116 |
| Max torque, Nm (at 2500 rpm) | 270 |
| Number of cylinders | 4 |
| Number of valves per cylinder, pcs. | 4 |
| Total number of valves, pcs. | 16 |
| Cylinder diameter, mm | 88 |
| Piston stroke, mm | 94 |
| Compression ratio | 19 |
| Supply system | microprocessor control with positive fuel injection + intercooled turbocharging |
| Fuel | Diesel fuel |
| Fuel consumption, l/100 km (city/highway) | 9,5/12,5 |
| Lubrication system | Combined (spray + under pressure) |
| What oil is poured into the engine | SAE 15W40, SAE 5W30 |
| Amount of engine oil, l | 4.2 |
| Cooling system | Liquid, closed type with forced circulation of the coolant |
| Coolant | Based on ethylene glycol |
| Weight, kg | 250 |
The engine is installed on cars: IVECO Daily, Bremach-T-Rex, Fiat Dukato, UAZ-31631 "Patriot"
Description
The IVECO F1A power unit is an example of a family of commercial engines of the international corporation Iveco.
The engine is intended for installation on small cars. Like all commercial motors, it has a long service life and a high degree of maintainability. These results were achieved by increasing the weight and height of the motor.
Structurally, it is an in-line 4-cylinder diesel engine designed in the form of a “sandwich”. It is equipped with a Common Rail fuel supply system (microprocessor control with forced fuel injection) with a common rail, as well as a turbocharger with intercooling of the charge air and exhaust gas recirculation.
- The engine block has thickened walls and is made of ductile iron. In its lower part, main bearing caps are fixed. crankshaft, structurally combined into one strong supporting part (crankshaft bed). An oil pan made of steel is attached to this part. This type of construction (bed plate) provides the entire engine with increased rigidity, which is important for commercial vehicles on which this power unit is installed. Their weight can reach 6 tons.
- Of particular interest is the original design of the cylinder head (cylinder head). It differs from the usual ones in that the camshafts of the gas distribution mechanism (timing) are assembled in a separate housing, which is installed on top of the cylinder head. This design led to an increase in the height of the motor, but made it possible to quickly replace the camshafts in case of wear (without disassembling the timing).
- The timing inlet camshaft is driven by a toothed belt with automatic system tension. The exhaust camshaft is driven by a chain that connects it to the intake shaft. Both camshafts have three bearings and are installed in a tunnel way.
Maintenance
One of the advantages of commercial engines is their unpretentiousness and simplicity. Maintenance. The engine does not require adjustment of the timing valve clearances, as it is equipped with special hydraulic compensators.
An engine oil change is required after every 20,000 km, and air filter change no earlier than 80 thousand km of the distance traveled. Interestingly, in Italian-made cars, it is recommended to change the engine oil no earlier than 40,000 km. At the same time, the volume of oil to be filled in was increased to 7 liters.
Answering the question: “What kind of oil to fill in the engine?”, Iveco engineers recommend using Urania Daily and Urania LD 5. According to domestic experts, it is also possible to use motor oils of the SAE 15W40 or SAE 5W30 specification.
Faults
| FAULTS | CAUSES |
|---|---|
| Increased fuel consumption | “aging” of the oxygen sensor; Ÿ the engine management controller has accumulated false data; knock sensor malfunction. |
| The engine is losing power. | misfire due to a defect in one of the cylinders; lean fuel mixture; one or more injectors damaged. |
| Unstable engine idling | bounce of contacts of throttle position sensors; wear of elements of the fuel supply system; suction of unaccounted air or violation of the calibration of the air flow sensor. |
tuning
There are quite a few options for tuning the UAZ Patriot IVECO F1A engine. With their help, you can:
- increase engine power;
- increase the amount of torque;
- reduce fuel consumption, etc.
Among the numerous types of tuning of the IVECO F1A power unit, the owners of the UAZ Patriot most often choose:
- Chip tuning of the UAZ Patriot engine through the OBD2 diagnostic connector
The IVECO F1A motor is controlled using an electronic control unit (ECU) of the BOSH concern, assembled on the basis of a Motorola processor. To connect to it, use the most secure full access mode. To do this, use the BDM interface, specially designed for rebooting and debugging Motorola processors.
As a result of software updates and high-quality debugging, they receive: an increase in power and torque by 20 ... 25%; the possibility of software or physical shutdown of the EGR valve - recommended for vehicles with high mileage.
- Tuning the UAZ Patriot engine without interfering with the standard software.
Tuning the UAZ Patriot engine using Rambach technology, unlike other methods that involve replacing the engine control algorithm, does not affect any of the factory settings, but only corrects or supplements their work as an external device.
Connects external the electronic unit POWERBOX between sensors that control the operation of the power unit and the computer. In the process of operation, this unit, receiving signals from the sensors, corrects them and then transfers them to the control unit. In accordance with the received signals, the regular car ECU corrects the operation of the motor, improving its performance.
Installing the POWERBOX allows you to: increase power and torque by 30%; reduce fuel consumption by 12%; adapt the operation of the fuel supply system to the quality of domestic diesel fuel.
Motor for 469 models
Engines for UAZ 31514 are available in several versions. By type of fuel, they are divided into gasoline and diesel. Many characteristics of the car, including fuel consumption, depend on which engines are put on the UAZ.
For example, a UAZ gasoline engine of the ICE 210.10 type with a volume of 2.4 liters has the following characteristics: power - 91 hp. with., fuel consumption - almost 12 liters per 100 km. In UMZ 4178.10 engines of the same volume, there are already 87 horses and fuel consumption increases by one and a half liters.
General characteristics of engines
The main suppliers of motors for UAZs were the Ulyanovsk Motor Plant and the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant. UMP became famous for being practically the only manufacturer of car engines in Russia off-road. All modern engines produced from the assembly line of the plant meet Euro-4 standards.
ZMZ produces more than 80 different modifications of engines from 2.2 to 4.6 liters. The units of this plant are installed both on small SUVs and on buses of domestic and foreign companies.
There are other types of engines that are installed on UAZ 31514 cars:
- UMP 4218.10 with a volume of 2.8 liters (gasoline);
- ZMZ 410.10 with a volume of 2.9 liters (gasoline);
- UMP 420 with a volume of 2.4 liters (petrol);
- ZMZ 514 with a volume of 2.2 liters (diesel);
- Andoria 4CT90 2.4 L (diesel).
The Andoria motor, installed on UAZ 31514, Iveco and UAZ Patriot vehicles, is produced not in Russia, but in Poland. These engines are in demand not only at the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant. They are also installed on other Russian-made cars.
Base motor UMZ 421.10 for UAZ
Base UMP engine 421.10 with a carburetor system, having a volume of 2.9 liters, runs on gasoline. Has a gas exhaust system. It can work at temperatures from -50 to +50 degrees Celsius. A modification of such a motor was the unit 4218.10.
The main difference between UMP 4218.10 is the gas exhaust system, which is unconfigured. This simplifies the installation of the engine on UAZ vehicles, even with a wagon-type body. Currently, the motors of this series have several modifications.
Motors UAZ 39626 and Patriot
The UAZ 39629 car, otherwise "sanitary", is most often used to transport patients and is available in most medical centers. It is widely used both in metropolitan areas and in rural areas. These machines are equipped with three different engines.
- ZMZ-402.
- UMZ-4178, similar in characteristics to the first one, only manufacturers differ. These engines have a working volume of 2.4 liters and a power of 92 horsepower.
- UMP 4218 with a volume of 2.8 liters and with 98 liters. from. under the hood.
On UAZ Patriot vehicles there is a four-cylinder four-stroke engine of the ZMZ 409.10 series. The valve arrangement is top, and the cooling is liquid. The ignition system of this motor is microprocessor-based, fuel injection is distributed. diesel engine ZMZ-51432 for UAZ Patriot is a must.
Diesel fuel is more economical and practical
In Russia, diesel fuel is gradually becoming fashionable, but until recently, the production of diesel engines was only in the plans. Foreign diesel engines for the UAZ Patriot car, as a rule, were not suitable, and attempts to aggregate them were abandoned.
Reviews of the UAZ Patriot diesel engine of the foreign company IVECO F1A are ending negative reviews about its quality. Maybe because for Russian cars Ulyanovsk or Zavolzhsky motors are more familiar. The volume of the foreign engine is 2.3 liters, and the power is 116 horses. The Italian engine is noisier and less powerful. However, Patriot owners with a foreign engine will be pleased with good traction and fairly economical fuel consumption - a little less than 10 liters per 100 km.
Not so long ago, the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant began producing a diesel engine for UAZ Patriot and UAZ Pickup SUVs. The ZMZ-51432 motor is a subcompact, its volume is 2.2 liters, it complies with the Euro-4 standard. The engine has a maximum power of 114 horsepower, 3500 rpm and low fuel consumption.
There are many original parts in the motor, thanks to which energy and economic indicators have increased. At the same time, emissions of harmful substances were reduced: by half compared to engines corresponding to Euro-3. Reduced noise level in accordance with the requirements of the standard.
Characteristics of the motor UAZ 469
UAZ 469 has a 4-cylinder engine of the UMZ 417 series with a volume of 2.5 liters. The power of such a motor reaches 75 horses, the valve arrangement is top. The fuel supply system is forced. Closed cooling system, liquid with forced circulation. The nuance of this engine is a fairly decent fuel consumption, up to 16 liters per hundred.
Two different modifications of this engine are installed on the UAZ 469 for two different purposes. UMZ 4178 - for ordinary civilian models, UMZ 4179 - for military ones. The difference between "military" motors is that they are equipped with a distribution sensor and high-voltage shielded wiring. In addition, they have a special place for heating.
A distinctive feature of the engine of the UMZ 417 series is the special design of the combined cylinder block and the upper part of the crankcase into a single unit, made of high-strength aluminum alloy. The cylinders are wet removable sleeves and are cast from gray cast iron. The wear resistance of the sleeve is ensured by acid-resistant cast iron in the upper part.
Aluminum cylinder head assembly for UMZ 417 engine
The block head is common to all cylinders and is made of aluminum alloy, as are the pistons. The five-bearing crankshaft is made of magnesium cast iron.
Hunter engine features
The UAZ Hunter car, which replaced the UAZ 469 in 2003, is equipped with both a gasoline and a diesel engine. The differences between the engine on gasoline and diesel in Hunter are insignificant.
The base power unit for this car was a four-cylinder ZMZ 409.10 with a volume of 2.7 liters. The engine is equipped with a 16-valve mechanism and distributed fuel injection. The power of the unit reaches 128 horsepower. The appetite of the engine is up to 13 liters per 100 km.
The diesel engine for Hunter brand ZMZ 5143.20 has four cylinders arranged in a row. The volume of the engine is 2.2 liters, there is a fuel injection system. In terms of diesel economy, the engine is largely superior to its gasoline counterpart. He needs a maximum of 10 liters per 1000 kilometers. But the dynamics suffer slightly, diesel in this regard is slightly inferior to gasoline.
The reliability of engines on a UAZ Hunter car is the highest. The main thing, as the developers convince, is proper care and timely repair of failed parts. Motors perform well in off-road conditions in terms of traction development and are not capricious in harsh Russian winters.
Motor tuning example
Tuning engines installed on UAZ vehicles is not so easy to do. Any interference with the motor can lead to a decrease in tractive force. And the models of many engines are outdated, so too many innovations and changes can play a cruel joke with them.
It is possible, of course, to modernize some mechanisms and systems. Changes in the piston group must be carried out with caution, guided by the instructions. Piston rings are changed to forged, better and more durable. The well-known company "Goetze" produces just such rings. If desired, you can install other details, but the work will require a professional approach and the appropriate tool.
It is possible to balance the crankshaft of a UAZ 31514 car at home only with a flywheel. Having installed the crankshaft on one of the ribs of the T-shaped plates, determine the heaviest point. The crankshaft will roll over the plates until it stops at its heaviest point down. From this point, it will be necessary to remove a small layer of metal, periodically checking the result.
The timing has a number of features, so it is better for non-specialists not to change its design. Moreover, the camshaft is tuned only for sporting purposes. If something goes wrong, engine performance will only worsen.
inlet and exhaust manifolds many car owners are tuning on the UAZ 31514. The primary task is to eliminate the step between the windows and the collectors. The holes often don't line up.
Notches inside the collector channel are removed by rough machining or more thorough polishing. Such a modification will improve the operation of the engine in terms of uniform cylinder filling and improve its performance.
The main unit of any car is the engine. Pickups, sedans, convertibles, buses, tractors simply will not be able to perform their direct duties without an engine. That is why great attention is paid to the motor when choosing a car, its maintenance and operation. In addition, it is one of the most expensive units. Replacing or repairing it almost always costs a lot of money, requires a lot of effort and time.
For an SUV, the reliability and technical condition of the engine is even more important. After all, a motor breakdown in a forest, field, far from roads and people can end up really sad.
A bit of history
The first UAZ "Patriot" left the assembly line in 2005. It was really new UAZ, incredibly modern relative to past models. The manufacturer positioned this machine as safe, reliable and powerful SUV. The design was good for 2005. And if you look at previous models, then the design seemed perfect.
In October 2014, the new Patriot was introduced. He received rear stabilizer, touchscreen, glued glass, more attractive appearance, and the bumpers are now attached to the body. However, there were big security issues. Therefore, already in October 2016, UAZ showed another update. "Patriot" received frontal airbags, even more attractive and modern appearance. improved general security and soundproofing SUV. Finally, the car got rid of two fuel tanks, which so tormented all owners.
What engines on the UAZ "Patriot" exist?
Throughout the first generation, a permanent 2.7-liter gasoline engine with a capacity of 128 horsepower was installed. In 2008, engineers added more and diesel engine volume of 2.3 liters, the return of which was 114 horsepower. It was an Iveco F1A engine. It was installed during the production of the Fiat Ducato car in Russia. This motor was later removed. Since 2012, they began to install the ZMZ-514 turbodiesel. Because of this, the working volume of the engine decreased by 65 cubes. Thus, the improved UAZ Patriot engine received an index of 2.2d. The same motor was preserved after the update in 2014. But the gasoline engine has undergone some changes. As a result, its official power became equal to 135 hp. from. On the newest UAZ "Patriot" engines running on heavy fuel can no longer be found. Diesel has been abandoned. The petrol engine was left unchanged.
diesel engine
The Iveco F1A turbodiesel was, although expensive, but really reliable motor. In addition, it allowed to reduce the Patriot's appetite to twelve liters per hundred kilometers in the city. A calm driver could get an expense and ten liters in the city. Not bad for frame SUV. In addition, despite the lower power, when compared with a gasoline engine, it made the car much faster. The petrol version was already lost after 80 km/h, while the turbodiesel easily accelerated to 120 km/h. This is due to the torque, which was equal to 270 N * m, against 218 "gasoline Newtons". Off-road diesel also performed much better. From turboyamy helped get rid of Traction is always enough.
In 2012, the UAZ Patriot diesel engine from an Italian manufacturer was replaced. Replaced by the infamous "ZMZ-514". It was developed back in the 90s. Had a lot of engineering errors that affected reliability. Cracks in the cylinder head, a valve plate getting into the cylinder, a high-pressure pipeline break and many other problems are still nightmares for owners of diesel Patriots.
According to the engineers, most of the problems have been solved. They changed suppliers of low-quality components, finalized the motor together with Bosch. And so it turned out the same diesel reliable engine UAZ "Patriot". Reviews confirm this. Since mid-2012, when they began to install the Common rail system, the motor did not cause any problems for the owners. Moreover, in terms of driving performance and characteristics, the UAZ Patriot engine on the ZMZ diesel engine almost completely coincided with the Fiat Ducato turbodiesel. Despite this, the manufacturer has abandoned the diesel engine since October 2016. Perhaps there was low demand, or maybe this engine was too expensive for the plant, but it is no longer possible to buy a new diesel Patriot.
gasoline engine
The first generation of "Patriot" received a 2.7-liter gasoline engine. Its power was 128 forces. After the 2014 update, the official power has grown to 135 horsepower, and the maximum torque has decreased by one N * m, from 218 to 17 N * m. However, when tested on a dyno, factory cars in 2015 showed more than 140 forces. This motor went to UAZ from 24 Volga, albeit with some changes. And in the Volga, the declared engine power was 150 horses.
A car with this engine has always been cheaper in the cabin and on the used car market. Relative reliability is also a plus. power plant. The engine on the UAZ "Patriot" has good maintainability, and spare parts for it cost almost nothing. This has always bribed people who choose a Russian SUV for themselves, because repairing a diesel engine is many times more expensive. But you can't really save money on gas. Less than 15 liters per hundred in the city is simply unrealistic for a gasoline Patriot. If you stand in traffic jams, try to actively accelerate, then a consumption of 20-22 liters per hundred kilometers is provided. And if you consider that the car with this engine simply does not go (acceleration to 100 km / h is 19 seconds), then you will have to turn this engine.
Gasoline engine problems
The unchildlike appetite of the 2.7-liter UAZ Patriot engine is not its only problem. A broken chain tormented many SUV owners. In 2017, the manufacturer changed the supplier. It remains to be seen whether this will solve the problem.
Output
What is the ideal engine for the Patriot? Diesel from Iveco. 500,000 kilometers go without any problems. Repair is cheaper than for a ZMZ diesel engine. Buying new car? There is simply no choice. The gasoline engine is very reliable, it is worth watching only the chain.
The famous Russian SUV UAZ-3163 has been produced in Ulyanovsk since 2005, the car is equipped with different types power units. UAZ Patriot engines are both gasoline and diesel, each engine has its own characteristic differences, advantages and disadvantages.
About what features there are in the repair of a particular internal combustion engine, which should be paid special attention, we will consider in this article, at the same time we will “go over” all the technical characteristics of UAZ engines.
Engine replacement for UAZ Patriot
From the very beginning of production, UAZ Patriot began to be equipped with two types of engines:
- gasoline 4-cylinder in-line engine ZMZ-409;
- turbodiesel ZMZ-514.
Both versions of the internal combustion engine are produced at the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant; as part of an SUV, they have been modernized more than once. In particular, in 2007, a new electronic unit with Mikas-11 firmware appeared on the ZMZ-409 in the engine management system, and in 2008 the motor began to comply with Euro-3 environmental standards. In 2009, the line of power units was updated, and the Italian Iveco F1A turbocharged diesel engine was added to it, and in 2012, improved engines ZMZ-51432 and ZMZ-40905 appeared, and since that time they meet Euro-4 environmental requirements. Also in 2012, for economic reasons, it was decided to abandon the Italian diesel engine, which is why a new development of the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant ZMZ-51432 appeared.
If the engine exhausts its resource, it is not always advisable to repair it - in some cases it is easier and cheaper to completely change the power unit than to repair it. Here, car owners always have a question - which engine is better to install instead of a failed internal combustion engine?
Some UAZ car owners put foreign engines on the car, for example:
- Isuzu 4JB1 2.8L;
- Toyota 14V 3.7L;
- Nissan TD27 2.7 L.
But when replacing the engine with a UAZ Patriot, it should be borne in mind that it will have to be mounted together with a gearbox and transfer case, which is more expensive, and besides, it will be necessary to re-register with the traffic police. Of course, diesel engines are more economical than their gasoline counterparts, but the poor quality of Russian diesel fuel makes you wonder if a UAZ Patriot needs a diesel engine. 
The first diesel engine installed on the UAZ Patriot was the ZMZ-514 98 hp. from. and a volume of 2.2 liters. This ICE can hardly be called successful - breakdowns on it often occur, and problems arise with spare parts, since they are not always available. The most common malfunctions of the 514th are burnout of the head gasket, the appearance of cracks in the cylinder head. Other main problems with this engine include:
- difficult start in cold weather, the engine is very difficult to start already at a temperature of -15 ... -20ºC;
- spare parts are expensive for this internal combustion engine, in particular, nozzles and injection pumps;
- for the engine to serve properly, it should be changed often motor oil(after 5-7.5 thousand km);
- diesel 514 has a small resource of the piston group - pistons and piston rings fail.
In 2009, the Iveco F1A power unit with a capacity of 116 hp appeared on the UAZ Patriot. from. and a volume of 2.2 liters, it is also placed on Fiat Ducato, Iveco Daily cars. This engine is already reliable enough, but not "sinless" - it also has its own problems.
Iveco F1A is equipped with hydraulic compensators, so valve adjustment is not required on it. The Iveco fuel system is Common Rail, with its own advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of the Common Rail are high efficiency and improved engine dynamics, but this system is very capricious in relation to fuel quality. First of all, nozzles begin to fail, and they are expensive on IVECO. In general, the repair of an Italian diesel engine itself costs a pretty penny, so you need to drive very carefully in a car with this engine.
UAZ Patriot with a diesel engine ZMZ-51432 is also equipped with Common Rail, and bad diesel fuel fuel system does not digest at all - nozzles fail from bad diesel fuel. This motor was installed on the car relatively recently, so something specific to say about all disadvantages of internal combustion engines it's still early. 
New engine UAZ Patriot 2016
In 2016, the factory workers are going to bring all the power units of the UAZ Patriot into compliance with Euro-5 standards, but for now, in the first half of 2016, two types of power units are regularly installed on the SUV:
- gasoline engine ZMZ-409 (128 hp);
- turbodiesel ZMZ-51432 (113 hp).
Now the Ulyanovsk plant is developing updated version Patriot, which will presumably be called UAZ-3170. For future model in the Volga region, a new gasoline power unit is being developed, with an approximate capacity of 140 liters. from. and two liters. There is no exact information yet, but it is likely that the new UAZ Patriot 2016 engine will also be equipped with model 3163.
ZMZ-409
The prototype of the ICE model of the "four hundred and ninth" series is the well-known ZMZ-406 engine, which was installed on cars manufactured by GAZ Volga and Gazelle. The engine has a timing chain drive, two camshafts in the cylinder head, overhead valves. The first samples of this motor appeared in 1993, and in 1997 its mass production began. In total, two main types of 406-x internal combustion engines were developed with different fuel systems - with a carburetor for the Gazelle and distributed injection (injector type) for the Volga GAZ 3110 / 31105.
In 2000, the Zavolzhsky plant began producing a new model of the ZMZ-405 power unit - this engine is also injection, but it has an increased piston diameter - it is three and a half millimeters larger (95.5 instead of 92 mm). The “four hundred and ninth” internal combustion engine has been produced since 2001, unlike the 405th, a crankshaft with a different crank pin offset is installed in this engine, and therefore it has an increased piston stroke of 8 mm. Other pistons are also used in the engine - they have the same diameter of 95.5 mm, but they have the piston pin bosses offset by 4 mm.
The first ZMZ-40905 engine in the Volga region was assembled at the end of 2011, many parts were unified with the 40904.10 engine, but 27 new elements were also used. Basically, the changes affected the ECM, the gas distribution mechanism, as well as the ventilation system.
Due to the improvements made to the UAZ Patriot 409, the Euro-4 engine has reduced the level of toxicity of exhaust gases, fuel consumption has slightly decreased, and the internal combustion engine has become quieter. TO serial production Model 40905.10 ZMZ started from the beginning of 2012, the power unit is produced to the present time. 
Specifications ZMZ-409
The first engines installed on the UAZ Patriot have a modification of 409.10 and are brought into line with Euro-2 environmental standards. Later, 40904.10 (Euro-3) began to be produced, then the model of the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant 40905.10 (Euro-4) went into the series. All these internal combustion engines were installed not only in the UAZ Patriot, the Ulyanovsk Kargo, Hunter, and Pickup cars were also equipped with power units. Engines of the ZMZ-409 series have a power of 128 hp. s., but the UAZ Patriot is also equipped with a derated internal combustion engine ZMZ-4091 (112 hp).
The technical characteristics of the "four hundred and ninth" are as follows:
- cylinder arrangement - in-line;
- power - 128 liters. from. (in the 4091 version - 112 hp);
- type of fuel system - distributed injection (injector);
- number of cylinders - 4;
- cylinder volume - 2693 cm³;
- the number of valves in the combustion chamber - 4;
- timing drive - chain;
- compression ratio - 9;
- standard cylinder size - 95.5 mm;
- power unit weight attachments- 190 kg;
- fuel used - AI-92 (Ai-95);
- cylinder block material - cast iron;
- cylinder head - aluminum;
- the number of camshafts in the engine - 2;
- piston stroke - 94 mm.
It should be noted that it is easy to make the 405th out of the 409th motor - for this you just need to change the crankshaft and pistons, all other details remain the same.
A serious drawback of the ZMZ-409 is its very low efficiency, although the manufacturer claims an average fuel consumption on the highway of 11.5 liters per "hundred". On some cars, fuel is consumed up to 17-20 liters per 100 km, however, a lot depends on the equipment of the car - fuel consumption increases if the UAZ has air conditioning, a winch, etc., the driving style, road condition, period of operation also affect ( fuel consumption increases significantly in winter).
Created on the basis of the ZMZ-406 ICE, the "four hundred and ninth" took over all the "diseases" of its predecessor, exactly the same basic malfunctions are found in 405 engines.
In general, the 409 engine has a good resource - up to overhaul such motors, on average, nurse 300-350 thousand km, but the most weak point all of these powertrains are timing chains. If the chain drive is noisy at low mileage, it is likely that the hydraulic tensioner has failed. A symptom of a malfunction is the "diesel" sound of the internal combustion engine on idling. It’s not worth driving with such noise, since a loose chain can jump on the gear teeth, and in worst case and break off. Changing the hydraulic tensioner is very simple, in time the work takes no more than an hour.
On average, the parts of the gas distribution mechanism serve 70-100 thousand km, and before a major overhaul, it is usually necessary to replace the chain 3-4 times, as well as change the timing tensioners and dampers. If the chain breaks on the road, this is very unpleasant, but the valves in the block head do not bend. 
The next characteristic “disease” of 406/405/409 engines is oil leakage through the valve cover gasket. But this is generally a trifle, and it is not a disaster as such, it does not significantly affect oil consumption. And here's another enough frequent breakdown already strongly "strains" car owners - in case of overheating of the internal combustion engine, the surface of the cylinder head is deformed, and the cylinder head has to be milled. In case of severe overheating, milling no longer saves, and then the block head has to be changed.
The last thing to note in typical malfunctions power units 409 - periodically failing hydraulic valve compensators. A knock can start after 50-70 thousand kilometers, and at first it appears on a cold engine, and disappears on a hot one. If the valves knock even on a warm engine, then it is definitely time to change the hydraulic lifters. Characteristic "diseases" do not appear so quickly and often appear if good oil and it changes regularly. Therefore, the question of what kind of oil to fill in the engine is relevant, and it should be approached with all responsibility.
It is very important to change the lubricant in the engine in time - even the best oil loses its lubricating properties during operation and turns black from abrasive and slag accumulated in it. On the gasoline engines it is recommended to change the oil every 10-15 thousand km, on diesel engines such an operation should be carried out more often - approximately once every 7.5-10 thousand km. The frequency of replacement depends on the operating conditions - the lubricant needs to be changed more often if the machine operates with increased loads, on dusty, dirt roads or off-road.
Often car owners are interested in how much oil to fill in the engine? 7 liters are poured into the “dry” ZMZ-409 engine of any modification, and a little less is required for a simple lubricant change - somewhere around 6.0-6.3 liters. For diesel oils, respectively, you will need:
- for ZMZ-51432, the total filling volume is 6.5 liters, when replacing - 5.3-5.5 liters;
- for Iveco F1A - 5.3 liters, when replacing - 4.2 liters.
What kind of oil to fill in the engine is also often asked. In any case, it is important to fill quality oil proven manufacturers, and you need to pay attention that diesel engines are especially critical to the composition of the oil. You should also take into account the period of operation - according to the SAE classification, in summer the oil is poured with a more viscous composition, and in winter it is more liquid - in frost it is necessary to ensure trouble-free engine starting. "Mineral water" should not be filled in, and it is preferable to use only "synthetics". 
Specifications ZMZ-51432
The ZMZ-51432 diesel model is built on the basis of the ZMZ-514 - both power units have the same cylinder volume, it is 2.2 liters, there are also many common parts, such as a crankshaft and a cylinder block. But the new model also has major updates, other spare parts are installed in the 51432 turbodiesel:
- cylinder head;
- high pressure fuel pump;
- crankshaft pulley;
- nozzles;
- timing chain cover.
Compared to its predecessor, the new engine produces 114 horsepower against 98 on the ICE 514, and the most important difference of the new engine is the Bosch Common Rail fuel system, the installation of which increased the efficiency of the diesel engine, and thanks to the vehicle with direct injection into the cylinders, the engine began to respond Euro-4 standards. The technical characteristics of the Zavolzhsky turbodiesel are as follows:
- volume - 2235 cm³;
- number of cylinders - 4;
- power - 113.5 horsepower;
- gas distribution mechanism drive - chain;
- compression ratio -19.2;
- standard cylinder diameter - 87 mm;
- the number of valves in the combustion chamber - 4;
- piston stroke - 94 mm.
According to the manufacturer's instructions, diesel fuel consumption for UAZ Patriot is 8.5-9 l/100 km at a speed of 90 km/h and 12.7 l at 120 km/h. Max speed, which a car with this engine is capable of developing is 135 km / h.