The maximum norm for carrying weights on a flat and horizontal surface per person should not exceed:
for male adolescents from 16 to 18 years old - 4 kg;
for women when alternating with other work (up to 2 times per hour) - 10 kg; constantly during the work shift - 7 kg;
for men over 18 years old - 50 kg.
A load weighing more than 50 kg must be lifted by at least two workers (men). Manual lifting of stacked goods over 3 m in height is not allowed.
When carrying loads simultaneously, the distance between workers (or groups of workers) carrying a unit of cargo (box, bag, etc.) must be at least 2 m.
It is allowed to carry loads on a stretcher along a horizontal path to a distance of no more than 80 m. The stretcher should be overturned and lowered at the command of the worker walking behind. Carrying loads on a stretcher up stairs is not allowed.
Carrying long materials (logs, pipes, etc.) should be done with special grips and devices. Carry long materials on crowbars, wooden beams, etc. not allowed.
Turn over heavy piece loads, packaged equipment using roller crowbars and other devices. It is not allowed to roll and turn over the load on yourself.
When manually carrying parts of tractors and agricultural machines assembled in small bundles, you must first check the strength of the bundle.
Carrying and loading of antiseptic timber is allowed only in overalls (tarpaulin jackets, trousers, leather mittens).
For manual loading (unloading) of long loads (logs, beams with a length exceeding 1/3 of the length of the car body, tractor trailer etc.) it is necessary to allocate at least two people, while they must use ropes of sufficient strength. TIOT - М-Р-001-2000 carrying out loading and unloading operations.
Hygienic requirements for the organization and equipment of classrooms for computer technology.
Premises with VDT and PC should have a natural and artificial lighting. Natural lighting should be provided through light openings oriented mainly to the north and northeast and provide a natural light coefficient (KEO) of at least 1.2% in areas with stable snow cover and at least 1.6% in the rest of the territory.
The specified KEO values are normalized for buildings located in the III light climatic zone. The location of workplaces with VDT and PC for adult users in the basement is not allowed. Placement of workplaces with VDT and PC in all educational institutions and preschool institutions is not allowed in the basement and basement.
In cases of production necessity, the operation of VDT and PC in rooms without natural lighting can be carried out only in agreement with the bodies and institutions of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision.
area for one workplace with VDT or PC for adult users should be at least 6.0 sq. m, and the volume - not less than 20.0 cubic meters. m.
During the construction of new and reconstruction of existing secondary, secondary specialized and higher educational institutions, premises for VDT and PC should be designed with a height (from floor to ceiling) of at least 4.0 m. At the entrance to the educational room with VDT and PC in secondary and higher educational institutions it is necessary to provide built-in or wall cabinets (shelves) for storing portfolios, bags of students and students. The premises must be equipped with heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems.
TICKET #20
Types of liability for violation of labor protection rules.
Legislation provides for criminal, administrative, disciplinary and material liability for violation of labor protection rules.
Basic safety requirements for hand tools.
Hand tools (hammers, chisels, punches, etc.) must not have:
- damage on working surfaces (potholes, chips);
- on the side faces in places where they are clamped by hand burrs, scuffs and sharp edges;
– there are burrs and cracks on the surface of tool handles, the surface must be smooth;
- overheated work surface. POT R 0-200-01-95.
Page 10 of 22
12. HEALTH REQUIREMENTS FOR LOADING AND UNLOADING OF CARGO
12.1. General requirements
12.1.1. The production of loading and unloading operations and the operation of handling equipment must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.3.009-76, GOST 12.3.002-75, GOST 12.3.010-82, GOST 12.3.20-80, GOST 19846-74.
12.1.2. Loading and unloading operations should be carried out mechanized using lifting and transport equipment, leveling platforms and small-scale mechanization.
It is necessary to lift and move loads manually in compliance with the norms established by current legislation. Lifting machines, load gripping devices, containers and packages used in loading and unloading operations must meet the requirements of state standards or technical specifications for them.
12.1.3. To perform loading and unloading operations, taking into account the features technological process, safe operation and maintenance of handling equipment in good condition, the owner (manager) of the facility appoints by order a responsible engineering and technical worker who is subordinate to the personnel servicing this equipment.
12.1.4. To perform loading and unloading operations, personnel are allowed who have been trained and tested their knowledge of labor safety in accordance with the Model Regulations on training, briefing and testing the knowledge of workers on labor protection issues, the Model Regulations on special training, briefings and testing knowledge on fire safety issues at enterprises, in institutions and organizations of Ukraine.
12.1.5. Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone a medical examination in accordance with the Regulations on the Medical Examination of Workers of Certain Categories are allowed to operate lifting and transport equipment.
12.1.6. Manual loading and unloading operations must be carried out in compliance with the rules restricting the lifting and moving of heavy objects depending on the sex and age of workers.
12.1.7. Ultimately allowable weight when lifting and moving loads when alternating with other work (up to 2 times per hour) for:
women - 10 kg.
Lifting and moving loads constantly during a work shift - 7 kg.
The total weight of the load that moves during each hour of the work shift should not exceed for women: from the working surface - 350 kg;
from the floor - 175 kg.
The weight of the transported cargo includes the weight of tare and packaging.
When moving cargo on trolleys or containers, the applied force should not exceed 10 kg.
12.1.8. The movement of goods from the working surface for men over 18 years of age should not exceed 50 kg. Lifting a load weighing more than 50 kg should be carried out by at least two men.
Lifting of cargo with stacking by hand must not exceed for:
women - 1.5 m;
men - 2 m.
12.1.9. Carrying cargo on a stretcher along a horizontal path should be carried out at a distance of no more than 50 m. It is necessary to overturn and lower the stretcher at the command of the worker walking behind.
It is not allowed to carry loads on a stretcher up stairs.
12.1.10. Workers engaged in loading and unloading operations must be provided with overalls and other personal protective equipment in accordance with applicable standards in accordance with NAOP 7.1.00-2.02-80.
12.2. Requirements for the production processes of loading and unloading operations
12.2.1. Loading and unloading operations should be carried out in accordance with the rules, norms and instructions for labor protection, schemes for stacking various cargoes, and other regulatory and technical documents.
12.2.2. The safety of loading and unloading operations must be ensured:
the choice of methods for the production of work, handling equipment and technological equipment;
preparation and organization of work sites;
the use of protective equipment for workers;
conducting a medical examination of persons admitted to work, and their training.
12.2.3. Ways of stowage and fastening of goods should ensure their stability during transportation and storage, unloading of vehicles and dismantling of stacks, as well as the possibility of mechanized loading and unloading. Maneuvering of vehicles with loads after removing the fasteners from the loads is not allowed.
12.2.4. Places of loading and unloading operations must be equipped with safety signs in accordance with GOST 12.4.026-76*.
12.2.5. The movement of vehicles in the places of loading and unloading operations must be organized according to the scheme approved by the owner (manager) of the facility, with the installation of appropriate road signs. Loads on vehicles must be installed and secured so that they do not move or fall during transportation.
When working on loaders, it is necessary that the height of lifting the load from the ground during its transportation does not exceed 0.5 m per pneumatic tires.
12.2.6. The maximum speed of vehicles on the territory of the facility should be set depending on the state of transport routes, the intensity of cargo and human flows, the specifics of vehicles and cargo.
AT industrial premises maximum speed movement of vehicles should not exceed 5 km/h.
In the premises of a store-warehouse for the trade in timber and building materials, the speed of cargo transportation should not exceed 6 km / h, in narrow passages and on turns - 3 km / h.
12.2.7. Transportation must be carried out by vehicles that have devices that exclude the possibility of their operation by unauthorized persons. It is possible to leave vehicles on the condition that measures have been taken to prevent their spontaneous movement, and the lifted load must be lowered on the lifting and transport vehicle.
12.2.8. Slinging of cargo should be carried out with inventory slings in accordance with the Rules for the Construction and Safe Operation of Cranes. Before lifting and moving loads, the stability of the loads must be checked and
the correctness of their slinging. Slinging methods must exclude the possibility of falling loads.
12.2.9. When moving goods with auto- and electric forklifts, it is necessary to use a working device (forks, hooks, buckets, etc.).
12.2.10. The placement and securing of cargo on the vehicle must ensure: the safety of the driver and others; vehicle stability; visibility of the scope of work; visibility of light and signal devices, license plates and registration numbers.
12.2.11. When moving cargo by lifting and transport equipment, the presence of workers on the cargo and in the zone of its possible fall is not allowed.
12.2.12. It is forbidden to move cargo over premises and vehicles where people are located.
12.2.13. Loading and unloading operations with lifting mechanisms should be carried out only in the absence of people in the vehicle cabin.
12.2.14. Transportation of people on vehicles is allowed only if there are additional seats made in accordance with the documentation of the vehicle manufacturer.
12.2.15. After completion and during a break between works, the load, load-handling devices and mechanisms should not be left in a raised position.
12.2.16. Not allowed to be transported dangerous goods in vehicles not adapted for the transportation of goods of this type.
12.2.17. When performing work with packaged cargoes, containers, packages, packaging tools, as well as specialized lifting devices should be used to prevent cargo from falling out.
12.2.18. Roofs of containers, devices for their slinging and fastening to vehicles must be cleared of foreign objects, ice and snow. Slinging containers should be carried out for all slinging nodes. When manually slinging (unslinging) containers, special ladders and other means should be used to ensure the safety of workers.
12.2.19. It is not allowed to stack cargoes in a faulty container or having an irregular shape; packaging that does not ensure the stability of the stacks.
12.2.20. When stacked on pallets, the load must not protrude beyond the pallets by more than 20 mm on each side.
12.2.21. The stack height for manual stacking should not exceed 2 m.
12.2.22. It is forbidden to lay a stack close to a stack in order to avoid collapses when dismantling an adjacent stack.
12.2.23. It is not allowed to stack loads in weak packaging that cannot withstand the load from the upper rows of cargo or have an irregular shape that does not ensure the stability of the stack.
12.2.24. Stack bags in tees or fives in the form of a truncated pyramid. Perform disassembly of the upper rows by lowering the bags along the trays. Between the rows of cargo in paper bags there should be a lining of boards.
12.2.25. The height of stacking barrels with pickles in a horizontal (lying) position should be no more than 3 rows with obligatory laying of gaskets between the rows and the installation of racks with struts to prevent rolling of the outermost barrels. When laying barrels in a horizontal position (lying) between two walls of the warehouse, a height of 4 rows is allowed close to each other.
12.2.26. Take loads only from the top row of the stack, making sure that the middle stack is stable. It is necessary to lift small piece and bulk cargoes in a container, while placing the cargo at least 10 cm below the level of the sides.
12.2.27. When unloading box loads, in order to avoid injury to hands, each place must be inspected beforehand. Hammer out protruding nails and the ends of the metal upholstery.
12.3. Requirements for the places of production of loading and unloading operations
12.3.1. The boundaries of stacks, aisles and passages between them should be marked on the stowage areas. It is not allowed to place loads in the aisles and driveways. The width of the driveways should ensure the safety of the movement of vehicles and handling equipment.
12.3.2. Loading and unloading areas, including walkways and driveways, must have sufficient natural and artificial lighting.
12.3.3. To illuminate the railway ramp in the places of unloading of wagons, electrical sockets rated for voltage up to 42 V must be installed for connecting portable lamps.
12.3.4. Along the front edge of the automobile and railway ramp, it is necessary to arrange removable fender bars with a section of 150 x 150 mm to prevent the wheels of the lifting vehicle from falling over the edge of the ramp.
12.3.5. The dimensions of the loading and unloading areas should provide a distance between the dimensions of vehicles with a load of at least 1 m. When loading and unloading near the building, the distance between the buildings and vehicle with a load must be at least 0.8 m, while a sidewalk, a fender bar, etc. must be provided. For loading and unloading of piece cargo, special platforms (platforms, overpasses, ramps) should be provided at the height of the floor of the vehicle body. Ramps on the side of vehicle access must be at least 1.5 m wide and with a slope of not more than 5 degrees. The width of the overpass intended for the movement of vehicles on it must be at least 3 m.
12.3.6. Warehouses located in basements or semi-basements with stairs more than 1.5 m high or with more than one march must be equipped with hatches and ladders for lowering goods directly into the warehouse.
12.4. Handling equipment
12.4.1. General requirements
12.4.1.1. Handling equipment used during loading and unloading operations must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.2.003-91, the Rules for the Construction and Safe Operation of Elevators, the Rules for the Construction and Safe Operation of Hoist Cranes, as well as the safety requirements set forth in technical passport for a specific type of equipment.
12.4.1.2. Installation, testing and technical inspection of handling equipment and lifting devices must be carried out in accordance with the Rules for the Construction and Safe Operation of Elevators, the Rules for the Construction and Safe Operation of Hoisting Cranes and other regulatory and technical documentation.
12.4.1.3. Loaders of all types, auto and electric cars, electric carts are subject to mandatory registration and accounting by the State Supervision of Labor of Ukraine in accordance with the Rules for the registration and accounting of large-capacity vehicles and other technological vehicles that are not subject to operation on road network common use.
12.4.1.4. Lifting and transport equipment, vehicles during loading and unloading operations must be in a condition that excludes their spontaneous movement.
12.4.1.5. The weight of the transported goods must not exceed the carrying capacity of the handling equipment and auxiliary devices specified in the technical passport.
12.4.1.6. The movement of bulky goods that restrict the visibility of the driver should be accompanied by a specially assigned and instructed signalman.
12.4.1.7. Self-propelled vehicles must be equipped with sound and light alarms. Operating instructions, warning labels, signs and posters for labor protection must be posted on the machine or in the area of its operation.
12.4.2. Elevator operation
12.4.2.1. The operation of freight elevators must comply with the requirements of the Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Elevators. The electrical equipment of elevators and its installation must comply with the PUE, PTE and PTB.
12.4.2.2. Objects retail operating elevators must have a permit (license) from the Gosnadzorohrantruda of Ukraine to perform these works.
Permission must be obtained in the manner prescribed by the Rules for the Construction and Safe Operation of Elevators.
Permission of the Gosnadzorohrantruda of Ukraine for the operation and repair of cargo small elevators (with a carrying capacity of not more than 250 kg) is not required.
12.4.2.3. A newly installed elevator, except for a small freight one, must be registered before commissioning, and the one in operation, after its reconstruction, must be re-registered with the Gosnadzorohrantruda of Ukraine.
Freight small lift must be registered with the owner or a specialized organization.
12.4.2.4. The owner of the elevator must ensure its maintenance and safe operation.
For these purposes it is necessary:
appoint a person responsible for the organization of work on maintenance and repair of elevators;
appoint a person responsible for organizing the operation of the elevator - it is allowed to assign this responsibility to the person responsible for organizing maintenance and repair work;
provide the personnel servicing elevators with production instructions, and those responsible for organizing the maintenance and repair of elevators and organizing the operation of elevators - with the Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Elevators, job descriptions, regulatory and technical documentation;
organize periodic inspections, maintenance and repair of elevators;
appoint electricians;
organize training and periodic testing of knowledge of the personnel involved in the maintenance of elevators.
12.4.2.5. For the operation and repair of elevators, the owner may involve an organization specialized in elevators. In this case, the contract between them must define the obligations and rights of the parties, taking into account clause 12.4.2.4.
12.4.2.6. The control of a freight elevator of self-use and a freight small elevator equipped with control posts on more than one loading platform is carried out by persons using these elevators who have passed the appropriate instruction and skill test in managing elevators.
12.4.2.7. Responsibility for the organization of maintenance and repair of the elevator and for the organization of its operation should be assigned by order for the retail facility to the persons in whose staff they are listed.
These persons must be qualified and certified.
12.4.2.8. The position, surname, name, patronymic and signatures of persons responsible for organizing work on the maintenance and repair of the elevator and for its good condition, as well as the date and number of the order on the appointment and assignment of the elevator to them must be entered in the elevator passport.
12.4.2.9. Maintenance of the elevator must be carried out by an electrician in accordance with his production instructions for the operation of the elevator.
Persons at least 18 years of age who have passed a medical examination and have a practical experience of at least 6 months are appointed as electricians.
12.4.2.10. The electrician must be trained according to the appropriate program and certified by the qualification commission.
Persons who pass the certification are issued a certificate.
12.4.2.11. An electrician must periodically, at least once every 12 months, undergo a re-test of knowledge.
Additional or extraordinary testing of knowledge should be carried out:
when moving from one object to another;
at the request of the inspector of Gosnadzorohrantruda or the person responsible for organizing maintenance work;
when transferring an electrician to maintenance of elevators of a different design.
12.4.2.12. The results of certification, repeated, additional and extraordinary inspections must be drawn up in the minutes and recorded in the certificate and journal.
12.4.2.13. Every lift must be inspected by an electrician every shift. The results of the inspection are recorded in the journal of acceptance and delivery of shifts.
12.4.2.14. It is not allowed to use the elevator, which has expired the period of work specified in the passport.
12.4.2.15. In a freight elevator, the simultaneous transportation of passengers and cargo is not allowed, while the persons accompanying the cargo are not considered passengers.
12.4.2.16. In the mines, machine and block rooms of the elevator, it is forbidden to store items that are not related to its operation.
12.4.2.17. The machine and block rooms, the room for placing the winch of the small freight elevator blocks must be locked, and the approaches to the doors of these rooms must be free.
On the door of the machine (block) room there should be an inscription: "The machine (block) room of the elevator. No entry is allowed to outsiders."
12.4.3. Operation of forklift trucks and floor trackless electrified vehicles
12.4.3.1. The device of forklift trucks must comply with the requirements of GOST 16215-80*E.
12.4.3.2. Forklifts must be equipped with reliable brakes that provide a braking distance at a speed of 10 km/h of no more than 1.5 m with a friction coefficient of 0.5.
12.4.3.3. Forklifts must be equipped with mufflers, spark arresters, rear-view mirrors and windshield wipers.
12.4.3.4. Forklifts with mechanical system lifting of the load must be equipped with limit switches to limit the lifting of the load and the lowering of the lifting device.
12.4.3.5. Hoist limit switches must stop load grab devices at a distance of at least 200 mm to the upper limit position.
12.4.3.6. The gripping device must provide a lifting height of the load from the ground not less than ground clearance loader no more than 0.5 m for forklifts on pneumatic tires and 0.25 m for forklifts on cargo belts.
12.4.3.7. When transporting goods over rail tracks, a flooring must be laid at the level of the rail head to move the forklift.
12.4.3.8. The arrangement of machines for floor trackless electrified transport (electric forklifts, electric carts, etc.) must comply with the requirements of GOST 18962-86 *.
12.4.3.9. Machines must be equipped with:
brakes with manual and foot control;
sound signal;
stop signal;
working lighting (headlights), and in addition to lighting the roadway, it should be possible to illuminate the cargo on the machine and the place of its stowage with working lighting;
a device that prevents unauthorized persons from using the machine;
automatic device, turning off the movement engine and turning on the brake when the driver releases the control handle.
12.4.3.10. Electric forklifts must have special devices that protect the lifting mechanisms from overload.
12.4.3. 11. Electric forklifts with a lifting height of more than 2.0 m must be equipped with a guard over the head of the driver or cab.
12.4.4. Operation of conveyors
12.4.4.1. The arrangement of conveyors of all types must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.2.022-80.
12.4.4.2. In places where the transported cargo is transferred from one conveyor to another or a machine, devices must be provided to prevent the cargo from falling from the conveyor or machine.
12.4.4.3. The receiving part of the conveyor, loaded manually with piece goods, must be designed so that the loading of the conveyor is ensured by horizontal movement of the load or with a slight slope towards loading and lifting of the load from the floor (loading area, vehicles) is excluded.
12.4.4.4. The speed of the belt during manual unloading should be no more than:
0.5 m / s - with a mass of the selected cargo up to 5 kg;
0.3 m / s - with the mass of the largest load exceeding 5 kg.
12.4.4.5. Stationary conveyors must be equipped with receiving platforms located no lower than 0.5 m from the load carrying part of the conveyor.
12.4.4.6. At mobile conveyors for container cargoes, the sides of the belt must be reinforced; a special receiving table must be installed to receive bags from transport.
12.4.4.7. Inclined sections of the conveyor, except for hanging ones, must be equipped with catchers to capture the traction element in case of its break.
12.4.4.8. In conveyors installed with an inclination, the possibility of spontaneous movement of the load-carrying element with the load when the drive is turned off should be excluded.
12.4.4.9. Multi-drive conveyors must have braking devices on each drive.
12.4.4.10. Conveyors at the head and tail must be equipped with emergency stop buttons.
12.4.4.11. On the production line, consisting of several sequentially installed and simultaneously operating conveyors, the conveyor drives must be blocked so that in the event of a sudden stop of any conveyor, the previous conveyors are automatically turned off, and the subsequent ones continue to work until the transported cargo has completely left them.
12.4.4.12. Roller non-driven conveyors must have limit stops in the unloading part and a device for damping the inertia of the moving load.
12.4.4.13. Roller conveyors must be fitted with shields between the rollers to prevent the transported materials from getting under the rollers. The gap between the edge of the shield and the roller should be no more than 0.01 m.
12.4.4.14. Belt conveyors must have belt tensioners. The tensioner must be protected.
12.4.4.15. Belt conveyors designed for the transportation of wet and sticky goods must have devices for cleaning adhering cargo on both sides of the lower branch of the belt of drive, end and deflecting drums.
12.4.4.16. Belt conveyors must have devices for removing spilled and fallen goods from the surface of the lower branch.
12.4.4.17. On belt conveyors with a length of more than 15 m, guides and centering devices must be provided.
12.4.4.18. The joints of the conveyor belt by means of rivets, bolts and other devices should not have protruding ends of the connecting parts.
12.4.4.19. In the area where people can be found, the following should be fenced off:
ropes and blocks of tension devices, load of tension devices to the height of its movement and the area of the floor above it;
loading devices for bulk cargo periodically cleaned by service personnel;
receiving devices installed in places where goods are dumped from conveyors;
the lower protruding parts of the conveyors crossing the passages for people (dips), with the help of canopies, extended beyond the dimensions of the conveyors by no more than 1.0 m;
sections of the conveyor route where the passage of people is prohibited, by installing railings along the route with a height of at least 1.0 m from the floor level.
12.4.4.20. Mobile conveyors, if they are not covered with special casings, and conveyors installed in industrial premises below floor level, must be protected along their entire length by railings with a height of at least 1.0 m from the floor level.
Railings enclosing conveyors installed below the floor level must be closed to a height of at least 0.15 m from the floor level.
12.4.4.21. The arrangement of fences and the location of conveyors should ensure convenient, safe and unhindered removal of debris and other waste from under them.
12.4.4.22. The slope of conveyors should not exceed 30 degrees.
Inclined conveyor drives must be equipped with an automatic brake, which excludes the possibility of belt movement under the influence of the weight of the load.
12.4.4.23. It is forbidden to lean on the conveyor, cross over the moving belt and load it with unusual cargo. Adjustment and tension of the belt should be made only after the conveyor has stopped.
12.4.4.24. It is forbidden to work on the conveyor in case of belt skew and slip, throw any materials on the drum under the moving belt in order to eliminate its slip, manually clean the conveyor belt on the go and clean under the belt and drums while the conveyor is running.
12.4.4.25. It is forbidden to work with mobile conveyors if the undercarriage is faulty, there is no restrictive bolt on the lifting frame.
In the event of a malfunction, it is forbidden to continue working on the conveyor.
12.4.4.26. It is forbidden to move the conveyor in working position. Before moving and after finishing work, it is necessary to lower the conveyor to the lowest position.
12.4.5. Operation of electric hoists, cargo trucks, vehicles with tail lifts
12.4.5.1. The cases of electrical equipment of electric hoists must be grounded. The push-button control housing of floor-operated hoists must be made of insulating material or grounded by at least two conductors. As one of the grounding conductors, a cable can be used, on which the push-button device is suspended. Attaching hand hoists to pipelines and their hangers is prohibited. Electric hoists must be equipped with limit switches for automatic stop of the load-handling mechanism, which are installed so that after the load-handling device stops when lifting without load, the gap between them and the stop is at least 50 mm.
12.4.5.2. When lifting a load with electric hoists, it is prohibited to bring the hook holder to the limit switch and use the latter for automatic stop. Electric hoists must be equipped with two brakes: electromagnetic and load-resistant, and equipped with a load limiter and a limiter for the lower position of the hook suspension.
12.4.5.3. The device of cargo carts must comply with the requirements of GOST 13188-67.
12.4.5.4. Cargo hand trucks must have either rigid devices that ensure the stability of various loads, or handrails for ease of movement.
12.4.5.5. The dimensions of the platforms of 3- and 4-wheeled bogies must be such that the loads of the maximum dimensions for which the bogies are designed are placed within its platform.
The speed of hand trucks must not exceed 5 km/h.
12.4.5.6. Loads placed on cargo trolleys with movable forks type TGV-1250 must be placed on pallets or in any shipping container, the dimensions of which do not exceed 1000x1200 mm in plan and the design of which allows the forks to be placed under the bottom of the trolley.
12.4.5.7. When using trolleys, the floors must be level and have a hard surface. Ramps should have a slope of no more than 3 degrees. Roads must be kept clear.
12.4.5.8. Before starting work, make sure that the trolley is in good condition. Do not use a damaged cart.
12.4.5.9. When moving a load down a sloping floor, the worker must be at the back of the cart. If necessary, stop the hydraulic trolley by lowering the load. When moving a load stacked in a high stack, a second worker should be involved to maintain the stack.
12.4.5.10. It is forbidden: to lift, move a load that exceeds the carrying capacity of the trolley; presence of people in the area of action of the trolley frame and on the path of movement of the load.
12.4.5.11. Trolleys for moving barrels (medvedki) must be equipped with safety brackets at the ends of the handles and have devices for protecting hands in the event of a fall or displacement of goods from the trolley.
12.4.5.12. After the end of the work, the trolley stands on a flat surface, while the frame of the hydraulic trolley is lowered to a horizontal position.
12.4.5.13. When using trolleys with lifting platforms, they first check the serviceability of the lifting mechanism, and then install the load on them.
12.4.5.14. Before placing loads on the lifting platform of the hydraulic trolley, the serviceability of the hydraulic pump is checked by slightly raising and lowering the platform empty.
12.4.5.15. When operating vehicles with tail lifts, it is prohibited:
stay of strangers in the zone of production of loading and unloading operations;
lift loads in an unstable position; move the car;
leave the board lift with the platform raised to a horizontal position;
crawl under the platform in order to check the technical condition or repair.
12.4.5.16. After completion of loading (unloading), the platform must be brought to the transport position and securely fixed with a latch, and the power supply circuit of the electric motor must be de-energized.
The maximum norm for carrying weights on a flat and horizontal surface per person should not exceed:
for male adolescents from 16 to 18 years old - 16 kg;
for women: - when alternating with other work (up to 2 times per hour) - 10 kg;
Constantly during the work shift - 7 kg;
for men over 18 years old - 50 kg.
A load weighing more than 50 kg, but not more than 80 kg must be lifted by at least two workers (men).
Manual lifting of stacked goods over 3 m in height is not allowed.
When carrying loads simultaneously, the distance between workers (or groups of workers) carrying a unit of cargo (box, bag, etc.) must be at least 2 m.
It is allowed to carry loads on a stretcher along a horizontal path at a distance of not more than 50 m. The stretcher should be overturned and lowered at the command of the worker walking behind. Carrying loads on a stretcher up stairs is not allowed.
To manually move bulk and bulk cargoes, special trolleys or wheelbarrows should be used. The force applied to move them should not exceed 15 kg.
Carrying long materials (logs, pipes, etc.) should be done with special grips and devices. Carry long materials on crowbars, wooden beams, etc. not allowed.
Turn over heavy piece loads, packaged equipment using roller crowbars and other devices. It is not allowed to roll and turn over the load on yourself.
When manually carrying parts assembled in small bundles, you must first check the strength of the bundle.
At least two people must be allocated for manual loading (unloading) of long loads (logs, beams with a length exceeding 1/3 of the length of the car body, tractor trailer, etc.), and they must use ropes of sufficient strength.
Workers should wear shoulder pads when carrying long loads. In this case, the workers should be on one side of the carried load.
It is not allowed to lean (support) materials and products against fences, trees and elements of temporary and permanent structures.
When rolling barrels, wheels, etc. the worker must follow the load and control the speed of its movement.
5. Dangerous and harmful production factors when performing work on a PC.
Dangerous and harmful production factors when performing work on a PC are:
physical:
increased levels of electromagnetic and ultraviolet radiation;
- increased level of static electricity;
increased levels of dust content in the air of the working area;
increased content of positive air ions in the air of the working area;
reduced content of negative air ions in the air of the working area;
low or high air humidity in the working area;
reduced or increased air mobility of the working area;
- increased noise level;
- increased or decreased level of illumination;
increased level of direct and reflected brilliance;
- increased level of blindness;
- increased brightness of the light image;
- uneven distribution of brightness in the field of view;
increased level of light flux pulsation;
increased value of voltage in the electrical circuit, the closure of which can occur through the human body;
chemical:
increased content of carbon dioxide, ozone, ammonia, phenol, formaldehyde and polyvinylchloride biphenyls in the air of the working area;
biological:
increased content of microorganisms in the air of the working area.
psychophysiological:
- increased level of eye strain;
- tension of attention;
- intellectual loads;
- emotional stress;
long static loads;
- monotony of work;
a large amount of information received, read, processed and transmitted per unit of time;
irrational organization of the workplace.
Ticket number 4
Requirements for admission to the work of PC users.
Persons not younger than 18 years of age are allowed to work as a PC user:
who have undergone a mandatory medical examination (examination) at the time of employment and, subsequently, periodic medical examinations (examinations) for suitability for work on a PC and VDT and do not have medical contraindications;
passed the introductory briefing on labor protection;
- initial briefing at the workplace; according to this instruction;
briefing on electrical safety with the assignment of group I on electrical safety.
Safety requirements when moving around the territory on a mechanized vehicle.
The driver must not drive a car with a faulty brake system and steering, as well as in the case when other faults in the car threaten traffic safety.
When driving in production premises, as well as on the territory of the Company, the driver must not exceed the established speed limit:
the speed of movement of vehicles on the territory of the Company, in production and other premises is established by the administration depending on specific conditions (intensity of movement of vehicles, length of the territory, condition pavement, width and profile of roads and passages, type and type of vehicles and transported cargo, etc.) and in general should not exceed 10 km / h on the territory;
indoors - no more than 5 km/h;
the speed of vehicles on turns, when entering and exiting the gate, when leaving from behind the corner of the building, when crossing railway tracks, at intersections, in places of heavy traffic of workers, when reversing should not exceed 3 km / h.
Industrial vehicles must be equipped with a silencer with a spark arrester, and when used in industrial premises, in addition, with an exhaust gas centralization system.
The driver must be careful when:
exit (entrance) from the gate and bypass of industrial premises;
movement in cramped conditions (narrow passages, etc.);
movement through production areas where people can work.
Entry (exit) and movement of caterpillar vehicles on the territory of the Company is allowed only on a platform with rubber running.
When a car is moving across the territory and in production premises, it is prohibited for people to stay in a body not equipped for this purpose, on the steps and fenders of the car.
Before starting to move from the place of stop (parking), rebuilding and any change in the direction of movement, the driver must make sure that by his maneuvering he does not interfere with the movement of other road users. For vehicles of emergency services (gas-rescue, fire, ambulance) when leaving for the place of an accident, fire, accident or serious illness of an employee, the speed of movement is not limited, but must ensure traffic safety.
The driver of the vehicle, having heard the "siren" signal, is obliged to ensure the unimpeded passage of emergency vehicles (gas rescue, fire and ambulance).
It is not allowed to drive vehicles on sections of roads and driveways where, as a result of an accident, gas contamination has arisen or there is no visibility due to steam release, work is underway to eliminate the accident, fire. When approaching an unregulated marked pedestrian crossing, the driver of the vehicle must stop to let the pedestrians pass.
The driver is prohibited from:
− to cross railway tracks in an unspecified place;
- to open the barrier without permission or bypass it.
− drive a vehicle in a state of intoxication (alcoholic, narcotic or otherwise), under the influence of drugs that impair reaction and attention, in a sick or tired state that jeopardizes traffic safety;
- transfer control of the vehicle to drivers not assigned to it;
- leave the driver's seat or leave the vehicle, if the necessary precautions are not taken to prevent the spontaneous movement of the vehicle and its use in the absence of the driver;
− exceed the permissible speed of movement on the territory of the Company;
− impede the normal movement of other vehicles and pedestrians;
− drive a vehicle in violation of the work and rest regime established by the authorized federal executive body;
- brake sharply, if this is not required to ensure traffic safety.
Requirements for the state of the territory
The territory of the Company must be constantly kept clean and systematically cleared of production and consumption waste.
Temporary storage of waste on the territory of the Company is allowed only in designated places, specially equipped in accordance with the requirements of OOOOS-P-03.
The export of production waste by the Company's divisions is carried out in agreement with the environmental protection department of the Company with the execution of documents for export.
The removal of construction waste by third-party organizations performing work on the territory of the Company is carried out upon a written request addressed to the head of the WB department indicating the amount of cargo, date and place of removal, data of the vehicle, previously agreed with the head of the structural unit of the Company responsible for the performance of work.
Control over the proper condition of the assigned territory during and after the completion of construction (repair) work is carried out by the heads of structural divisions of the Company and the heads of third-party organizations performing work on the territory of the Company.
Driveways and passages must be free for movement, leveled, not have potholes, pits and sufficiently lit, cleared of snow in winter, and sprinkled with sand in icy conditions.
Each street and road must be marked with road signs and markings.
According to the results of the audit, the heads of structural divisions are obliged to ensure the repair of engineering and technical means of protection (buildings, structures, systems and means) in a timely manner technical equipment) in their areas. Heads of structural subdivisions whose facilities are equipped with technical control devices (burglar and fire alarms, video surveillance systems, etc.) are responsible for the safety and good condition of these systems and are obliged to take timely measures for their maintenance and repair.
The Director for Construction of the Company timely ensures the strengthening of newly commissioned facilities with engineering and technical means of protection. Security premises and structures, objects blocked by burglar alarms and under the supervision of security units must be equipped in accordance with RD 78.36.003–2002. The project documentation for the technical means of protection, prior to its transfer to the installation organization, must be agreed with the Security Council of the Company.
The Chief Mechanic of the Company ensures the overhaul of the security engineering structures, the reconstruction and replacement of buildings and structures that have become unusable.
The Chief Power Engineer of the Company organizes control over the technical condition and maintenance (installation) of perimeter security lighting.
The head of the instrumentation and automation department controls the technical condition and maintenance (installation) of security and fire alarm systems, replaces obsolete systems with modern ones. Products and materials used in the production of works must comply with the project specifications, state standards, technical conditions and have the appropriate certificates, technical passports and other documents certifying their quality.
Legal entities that have a license of the established form to carry out these works are allowed to carry out works on the installation of alarm systems.
Changing the configuration of the perimeter fence can only be made in agreement with the Security Council.
Carrying out fire, gas hazardous, repair and earthworks near the territory adjacent to the perimeter fence, administrative buildings, in the administrative buildings of the Company is carried out by prior agreement with the Security Council of the Company, if there is a work order - permission to work.
Characterization of chlorine
Chlorine (chemical formula Cl2) is a yellow-green gas with a sharp, suffocating odor. Under pressure, it easily liquefies into a dark yellow-green liquid, stored in steel cylinders or tanks. When evaporated in air in significant quantities, liquid chlorine gives a white mist with water vapor. Molecular weight - 70.91, boiling point - minus 34.1 ° C, strong oxidizing agent, toxic.
Chlorine is 2.5 times heavier than air. In sunlight, it combines with hydrogen with an explosion. Not flammable, but supports the combustion of many organic substances. Turpentine and metal powders in an atmosphere of chlorine ignite spontaneously at room temperature. When interacting with water vapor, it forms hydrochloric and hypochlorous acids.
According to its poisoning effect, chlorine is a highly active toxic substance: the maximum permissible concentration in the air of working rooms is 1 mg / m3, and its neutralization in the gaseous state with large leaks is difficult.
Requirements for personal protective equipment against falls from a height
To protect against the impact of hazardous production factors, workers performing work at height should use personal protective equipment (safety belts, safety semi-automatic climbing devices of the PVU-2 type, safety ropes, safety helmets, anti-slip shoes, etc.).
Personal protective equipment against falls from a height, both domestic and purchased abroad, must have certificates or a declaration of conformity confirming the compliance of the issued PPE with the safety requirements established by law.
Requirements for safety belts.
Belts must comply with the requirements of technical specifications for belts of specific designs. Belts purchased abroad must have a certificate or declaration of conformity confirming the compliance of the issued PPE with the safety requirements established by law.
Belts for climatic modification must correspond to the climatic zones of their application. The climatic version of the belt must be specified in the technical specifications for it.
Belts should be adjustable in length and provide a waist circumference from 640 to 1500 mm.
Standard sizes of belts are established by technical specifications for belts of specific designs.
The width of the straps of the load-bearing belt should not be less than 50 mm, the strapless belt in the dorsal part - at least 80 mm.
The length of the sling (halyard) of the belt is set by the technical specifications for belts of specific designs.
The weight of the belt must not exceed 2.1 kg.
The static breaking load for the belt must be at least 7000 N (700 kgf).
The belt must withstand the dynamic load that occurs when a load weighing 100 kg falls from a height equal to two lengths of the sling (halyard).
The dynamic force during the protective action for a strapless safety belt and for a safety strap belt with only shoulder straps should not exceed 4000 N (400 kgf), for a safety strap belt with shoulder and leg straps - no more than 6000 N (600 kgf).
The carabiner of the sling (halyard) of the safety belt must provide quick and reliable fastening and detachment with one hand when wearing an insulated mitten. The duration of the "fastening - unfastening" cycle should be no more than 3 seconds.
The carabiner must have a safety device that prevents its accidental opening. The lock and safety of the carabiner must close automatically.
The force for opening the carbine must be at least 29.4 N (3 kgf) and not more than 78.4 N (8 kgf).
The sling (halyard) of the belt for electric and gas welders and other workers performing hot work must be made of a steel rope or chain.
The conditions for the safe use of a sling (halyard) must be specified in the technical specifications for belts of specific designs.
The metal parts of the safety belt must not have cracks, shells, tears and burrs.
Each belt must be marked with:
trademark of the manufacturer;
size and type of belt;
- date of manufacture;
mark of the quality control department of the manufacturer;
designation of the standard or specifications;
- mark of conformity.
Safety belts before being put into operation, and also every 6 months, must be subjected to a static load test according to the method given in the standards or specifications for belts of specific designs. After the load test, a thorough inspection of the belt is carried out and, in the absence of visible damage, it is allowed to operate. The test results are recorded in the log in the OGM-f36 form in accordance with Appendix B. This entry is made by the person responsible for maintaining the belts in good condition (site manager, foreman), appointed by the facility manager by order in the OKiKD-f3 form.
After the test, the safety belt is supplied with a metal tag, on which the date of the test is stamped.
belt sling without shock absorber - with a load of 700 kg;
belt sling with a shock absorber - with a load of 400 kg (in this case, the shock absorber is not tested);
- a buckle with a belt - a load of 300 kg.
The support to which the belt carabiner is attached (or elements that perform its function) must have a strength of at least 15 kN (1500 kgf).
Requirements for construction helmets.
Helmets must be used to protect the worker's head from mechanical damage from objects falling from above or from collisions with structural and other elements, to protect against water, electric shock when working at height on construction, installation, dismantling, repair, adjustment and other work.
The helmet consists of a body, internal fittings and a chin strap, and, at the request of the consumer, can be equipped with devices for attaching shields, earmuffs and other personal protective equipment.
Details of internal equipment are made of strong and elastic materials. The carrier tape (except at the back of the head) must be covered with natural or perforated artificial leather or other porous material that protects the skin from chafing.
The inner harness and chin strap must be removable and have devices for attaching to the helmet body. The chinstrap must be adjustable in length and fastened in such a way that it can be quickly detached.
The outer surface of the helmet shell must be smooth, free of cracks and bubbles. On the surface of the helmet body, inclusions of a different color are allowed in the amount allowed by the standards for materials.
Requirements for safety climbing devices.
Safety climbing devices must ensure smooth braking of the safety rope when it is pulled out of the device at a speed exceeding 1.5 m/s.
The safety climbing device has an element for fixing it on a support or other securely fixed structural element of a building or structure.
The output end of the safety rope of the safety climbing device must be designed in the form of a loop or equipped with a ring or carabiner, to which the worker attaches the slings (halyard) of the safety belt.
The drum system of the safety climbing device, equipped with a ratchet device with a spring, must provide winding of a safety rope of a certain length that can withstand the dynamic load that occurs when a load of 100 kg in weight falls during braking until its fall is completely stopped along the length stopping distance from 0.6 to 1.5 m.
With a weight of a safety climbing device of 8 kg, the safety rope has a length of 5 m, with a mass of 9.4 kg - 10 m, 11 kg - 12 m, 14 kg - 20 m, 21 kg - 30 m.
After each case of operation, as well as periodically during operation, every 6 months, a survey and test of the safety climbing device should be carried out according to the method specified in the manufacturer's technical specifications. The test results are recorded in the journal in the OGM-f36 form in accordance with Appendix B. This entry is made by the person responsible for maintaining the climbing devices in good condition (site manager, foreman), appointed by the facility manager by order in the OKiKD-f3 form.
Ticket number 5
Basic rights of an employee
The employee has the right to:
Conclusion, amendment and termination of an employment contract in the manner and on the terms established by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
Providing him with a job stipulated by an employment contract.
A workplace that meets the state regulatory requirements for labor protection and the conditions stipulated by the collective agreement.
Production and social conditions that ensure safety and compliance with occupational health requirements.
Timely and in full payment of wages in accordance with their qualifications, complexity of work, quantity and quality of work performed.
Rest provided by the establishment of normal working hours, reduced working hours for certain professions and categories of workers, the provision of weekly days off, non-working holidays, paid annual holidays.
Full reliable information about working conditions and labor protection requirements at the workplace.
Vocational training, retraining and advanced training in accordance with the procedure established by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and other Federal Laws.
Conducting collective negotiations and conclusion of collective agreements and agreements through their representatives, as well as information on the implementation of the collective agreement, agreements.
Protection of their labor rights, freedoms and legitimate interests by all means not prohibited by law.
Compensation for harm caused to an employee in connection with the performance of his labor duties in the manner established by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, other Federal laws.
Compulsory social insurance in cases stipulated by federal laws.
To create and unite in a trade union to protect social, labor and professional rights and interests .