Car driving. Driving a car What is called the permitted maximum vehicle weight

1.1. These Rules traffic(hereinafter - the Rules) establish a unified traffic order throughout the territory Russian Federation(RF). Other regulations relating to traffic must be based on the requirements of the Rules and not contradict them.

1.2. The following basic concepts and terms are used in the Rules:

"Motorway"- signposted road

and having for each direction of movement carriageways separated from each other by a dividing strip (and in its absence - by a road fence), without crossings on the same level with other roads, railway or tram tracks, pedestrian or bicycle paths.

"Road train" - a mechanical vehicle coupled to a trailer (trailers).

"Bicycle" means a vehicle, other than a wheelchair, which has at least two wheels and is generally propelled by the muscular energy of the occupants of the vehicle, in particular by means of pedals or handles, and may also have an electric motor of rated maximum power in continuous load mode not exceeding 0.25 kW, automatically shutting off at speeds over 25 km/h.

A "cyclist" is a person who rides a bicycle.

"Bicycle lane"- a road element (or a separate road) structurally separated from the carriageway and sidewalk, intended for the movement of cyclists and marked with a sign

4.4.1

"Bicycle Zone"- the territory intended for the movement of cyclists, the beginning and end of which are indicated respectively by signs

5.33.1

5.34.1

"Driver" - a person driving a vehicle, a driver leading pack animals, riding animals or a herd along the road. A driving instructor is equivalent to a driver.

"Forced stop" - stop moving vehicle because of him technical failure or danger posed by the transported cargo, the condition of the driver (passenger) or the appearance of an obstacle on the road.

"Hybrid car"- a vehicle having at least 2 different energy converters (motors) and 2 different (on-board) energy storage systems for the purpose of propulsion of the vehicle.

"Main road" - a road marked with signs

2.3.1 - 2.3.7

in relation to an intersected (adjacent), or a paved road (asphalt and cement concrete, stone materials, etc.) in relation to a dirt road, or any road in relation to exits from adjacent territories. The presence of a paved section on a secondary road immediately before the intersection does not make it equal in value to the crossed one.

"Daily running lights" - external lighting devices designed to improve the visibility of a moving vehicle in front during daylight hours.

"Road" - a strip of land or a surface of an artificial structure, equipped or adapted and used for the movement of vehicles. The road includes one or more carriageways, as well as tram tracks, sidewalks, shoulders and dividing lanes, if any.

"Traffic"- a set of social relations that arise in the process of moving people and goods with or without vehicles within roads.

"traffic accident"- an event that occurred during the movement of a vehicle on the road and with its participation, in which people were killed or injured, vehicles, structures, cargo were damaged, or other material damage was caused.

"Railroad crossing"- crossing the road with railway tracks on the same level.

"travel vehicle"- a public transport vehicle (bus, trolleybus, tram) intended for the carriage of people on the roads and moving along an established route with designated stops.

"mechanical vehicle"- a vehicle driven by an engine. The term also applies to any tractors and self-propelled machines.

"Moped" - a two- or three-wheeled motor vehicle, the maximum design speed of which does not exceed 50 km / h, having an engine internal combustion with a working volume not exceeding 50 cubic meters. cm, or an electric motor with a rated maximum power in continuous load mode of more than 0.25 kW and less than 4 kW. Quadricycles with similar technical characteristics are equated to mopeds.

"Motorcycle" means a two-wheeled motor vehicle, with or without a side trailer, whose engine capacity (in the case of an internal combustion engine) exceeds 50 cubic meters. cm or the maximum design speed (for any engine) exceeds 50 km/h. Tricycles, as well as quadricycles with a motorcycle seat or motorcycle-type handlebars, having an unladen mass not exceeding 400 kg (550 kg for vehicles intended for the transport of goods), excluding the mass of batteries (in the case of electric vehicles), and a maximum effective engine power not exceeding 15 kW.

"Locality"- a built-up area, the entrances to which and the exits from which are marked with signs

5.23.1 - 5.26

"Insufficient Visibility"- the visibility of the road is less than 300 m in conditions of fog, rain, snowfall and the like, as well as at dusk.

"Overtaking" - advance of one or more vehicles associated with the exit to the lane (side of the carriageway) intended for oncoming traffic, and subsequent return to the previously occupied lane (side of the carriageway).

"Curb" - an element of the road adjacent directly to the carriageway at the same level with it, differing in the type of coverage or highlighted using markings

used for driving, stopping and parking in accordance with the Rules.

"Teaching Driving"- a pedagogical worker of an organization that carries out educational activities and implements the main programs of vocational training for drivers of vehicles of the relevant categories and subcategories, whose qualification meets qualification requirements specified in qualification guides, and (or) professional standards (if any), teaching how to drive a vehicle.

"learning to drive"- a person who, in accordance with the established procedure, undergoes appropriate vocational training in an organization that carries out educational activities and implements basic vocational training programs for drivers of vehicles of the relevant categories and subcategories, who has initial driving skills and has mastered the requirements of the Rules.

"Limited visibility"- the driver's visibility of the road in the direction of travel, limited by the terrain, the geometric parameters of the road, vegetation, buildings, structures or other objects, including vehicles.

"Moving Danger"- a situation that has arisen in the process of traffic, in which the continuation of movement in the same direction and at the same speed creates a risk of a traffic accident.

"Dangerous goods" - substances, products made from them, wastes of production and other economic activities, which, due to their inherent properties, may endanger human life and health during transportation, harm the environment, damage or destroy material values.

"Advance" - the movement of a vehicle at a speed greater than the speed of a passing vehicle.

"Organized transportation of a group of children"- transportation in a bus that is not related to a route vehicle, a group of children of 8 or more people, carried out without their parents or other legal representatives.

"Organized transport column"- a group of three or more motor vehicles following directly one after another along the same lane with constantly on headlights, accompanied by a lead vehicle with special color schemes applied to the outer surfaces and flashing beacons of blue and red colors.

"Organized Foot Column"- a group of people designated in accordance with paragraph 4.2 of the Rules, moving together along the road in one direction.

"Stop" - the intentional cessation of the movement of the vehicle for up to 5 minutes, as well as for more, if necessary for boarding or disembarking passengers or loading or unloading the vehicle.

"Safety Island"- an element of the road arrangement separating traffic lanes (including lanes for cyclists), as well as traffic lanes and tram tracks, structurally separated by a curb stone above the carriageway or marked technical means organization of traffic and designed to stop pedestrians when crossing the carriageway. A safety island may include a part of the dividing strip through which a pedestrian crossing is laid.

"Parking Lot (Parking Space)"- a specially designated and, if necessary, equipped and equipped place, which is, among other things, part of the highway and (or) adjacent to the carriageway and (or) sidewalk, roadside, overpass or bridge, or which is part of under-overpass or under-bridge spaces, squares and other objects road network, buildings, structures or structures and intended for organized parking of vehicles on a paid basis or without charging a fee by decision of the owner or other owner of the motor road, the owner of the land plot or the owner of the relevant part of the building, structure or structure.

"Passenger" - a person, other than the driver, who is in the vehicle (on it), as well as a person who enters the vehicle (gets on it) or leaves the vehicle (gets off it).

"Crossroads" - a place of intersection, junction or branching of roads at the same level, limited by imaginary lines connecting, respectively, opposite, the beginnings of the curvature of the carriageways, which are the most distant from the center of the intersection. Exits from adjacent territories are not considered intersections.

"Rebuilding" - leaving the occupied lane or occupied lane while maintaining the original direction of movement.

"Pedestrian" - a person who is outside the vehicle on the road or on a pedestrian or cycle path and does not work on them. Persons moving in wheelchairs, driving a bicycle, moped, motorcycle, carrying a sledge, cart, baby or wheelchair, as well as using roller skates, scooters and other similar means for movement are equated to pedestrians.

"Footpath"- a strip of land equipped or adapted for pedestrian traffic or the surface of an artificial structure, marked with a sign

4.5.1

"Pedestrian zone"- the territory intended for the movement of pedestrians, the beginning and end of which are indicated respectively by signs

5.33

5.34

"Pedestrian and bicycle path (bike path)"- a road element (or a separate road) structurally separated from the carriageway, intended for separate or joint movement of cyclists with pedestrians and marked with signs

4.5.2 - 4.5.7

"Crosswalk"- section of the carriageway, tram tracks, marked with signs

5.19.1

5.19.2

and/or markup

1.14.1

1.14.2

and allocated for pedestrian traffic across the road. In the absence of markings, the width of the pedestrian crossing is determined by the distance between the signs

5.19.1

5.19.2

"Lane"- any of the longitudinal lanes of the carriageway, marked or not marked with markings and having a width sufficient for the movement of cars in one row.

"Bicycle lane"- the lane of the carriageway intended for the movement of bicycles and mopeds, separated from the rest of the carriageway by horizontal markings and marked with the sign

5.14.2

"Advantage (priority)"- the right to priority movement in the intended direction in relation to other participants in the movement.

"Obstacle" - an immovable object on a traffic lane (a faulty or damaged vehicle, a defect in the roadway, foreign objects, etc.), which does not allow you to continue driving along this lane.

A traffic jam or a vehicle that has stopped in this lane in accordance with the requirements of the Rules is not an obstacle.

"Surrounding area"- the territory directly adjacent to the road and not intended for through traffic of vehicles (yards, residential areas, parking lots, gas stations, enterprises, etc.). Movement on the adjacent territory is carried out in accordance with these Rules of the SDA 2016.

"Trailer" - a vehicle not equipped with an engine and intended for movement in combination with a power-driven vehicle. The term also applies to semi-trailers and drop trailers.

"Carriageway" - an element of the road intended for the movement of trackless vehicles.

"Dividing Line"- an element of the road, allocated structurally and (or) using markings

separating adjacent carriageways, and carriageway and tram tracks and not intended for the movement and stopping of vehicles.

"Permitted maximum weight"- the mass of the equipped vehicle with cargo, driver and passengers, set by the manufacturer as the maximum allowable. For the permitted maximum mass of the composition of vehicles, that is, coupled and moving as a whole, the sum of the permitted maximum masses of the vehicles included in the composition is taken.

"Regulator" - a person endowed in the prescribed manner with the authority to regulate traffic using the signals established by the Rules, and directly exercising the specified regulation. The traffic controller must be in uniform and (or) have a distinctive badge and equipment. Regulators include police officers and military automobile inspectorate, as well as employees of road maintenance services, on duty at railway crossings and ferry crossings in the performance of their duties. official duties. Regulators also include authorized persons from among the employees of departments transport security who perform the duties of inspection, additional inspection, re-examination, observation and (or) interview in order to ensure transport security, in relation to the regulation of traffic on sections of roads determined by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 18, 2016 No. 686 "On the definition sections of roads, railways and inland waterways, heliports, landing sites, as well as other buildings, structures, devices and equipment that ensure the functioning of the transport complex, which are objects of the transport infrastructure.

"Parking" - a deliberate stoppage of the movement of the vehicle for more than 5 minutes for reasons not related to the boarding or disembarkation of passengers or the loading or unloading of the vehicle.

"Night time"- the time interval from the end of evening twilight to the beginning of morning twilight.

"Vehicle"- a device designed for the carriage by road of people, goods or equipment installed on it.

"Pavement" - an element of the road intended for the movement of pedestrians and adjacent to the carriageway or cycle path or separated from them by a lawn.

"Give Way (Don't Interfere)"- a requirement meaning that a road user must not start, resume or continue driving, perform any maneuver, if this may force other road users who have an advantage over him to change direction or speed.

"Road user"- a person who is directly involved in the process of movement as a driver, pedestrian, passenger of a vehicle.

"School bus" - a specialized vehicle (bus) that meets the requirements for vehicles for transporting children, established by the legislation on technical regulation, and owned or otherwise legally owned by a preschool educational or general educational organization.

"Electric car" means a vehicle driven exclusively by electric motor and charged with an external power source.

1.3. Road users are obliged to know and comply with the requirements of the Rules, traffic lights, signs and markings that apply to them, as well as follow the orders of traffic controllers acting within the rights granted to them and regulating traffic with established signals.

1.4. The roads have right-hand traffic.

1.5. Road users must act in such a way that they do not endanger traffic or cause harm.

It is forbidden to damage or pollute the road surface, remove, obstruct, damage, arbitrarily install road signs, traffic lights and other technical means of organizing traffic, leave objects on the road that interfere with traffic. The person who created the obstacle is obliged to take all possible measures to eliminate it, and if this is not possible, then by available means to ensure that road users are informed about the danger and inform the police.

1.5(1). Lost strength. - Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 17, 2014 N 455.

1.6. Persons who violate the Rules are liable in accordance with applicable law.

Last update: 01/05/2020

1.1. Real Traffic Laws(hereinafter - the Rules) establish a unified traffic order throughout the Russian Federation. Other regulations relating to traffic must be based on the requirements of the Rules and not contradict them.

Traffic rules regulate the actions of all road users, which, in addition to the driver, also include pedestrians and passengers. Other normative acts are, for example, rules for the transportation of bulky or dangerous goods, instructions for operating any vehicles. All such documents in terms of traffic must be based on the requirements of the traffic rules and not contradict them..

1.2. The following basic concepts and terms are used in the Rules:

"Driver"- a person driving a vehicle, a driver leading pack, riding animals or a herd along the road. A driving instructor is equivalent to a driver.

"Forced stop"- termination of the movement of the vehicle due to its technical malfunction or danger posed by the transported cargo, the condition of the driver (passenger) or the appearance of an obstacle on the road.

In such a situation, the traffic stop was not planned, but the circumstances specified in the ruling forced the driver to stop the vehicle. Therefore, here we are talking about an unintentional cessation of movement.

Stopping the movement of the vehicle at the request of the traffic controller, due to a prohibitory traffic signal or in order to give way to traffic participants who have an advantage over you, is not considered a forced stop. It can be qualified as service or technological, but not forced.

"Hybrid car"— a vehicle having at least 2 different energy converters (motors) and 2 different (on-board) energy storage systems for the purpose of propulsion of the vehicle.

The term "Hybrid vehicle" is included in the traffic rules with.

"The main road"- a road marked with signs 2.1, 2.3.1 - 2.3.7 or 5.1, in relation to an intersected (adjacent), or a paved road (asphalt and cement concrete, stone materials, etc.) in relation to a dirt road, or any road in relation to departures from adjacent territories. The presence of a paved section on a secondary road immediately before the intersection does not make it equal in value to the crossed one.

The division of roads into main and secondary is necessary for the organization of traffic through unregulated intersections. Vehicles on the main road have priority over vehicles on the secondary road.

Signs 2.3.1 “intersection with a secondary road”, 2.3.2-2.3.7 “Adjacent to a secondary road” are most often installed outside settlements in front of all intersections on roads marked with sign 2.1 “Main road”. Signs 2.3.4-2.3.7 are used if the angle between the axes of the main and secondary roads is less than 60 degrees.

Read more about the signs marking the main road, as well as the rules for their use and installation - in the article.

The rules for driving unequal intersections along the main road, the peculiarity of turning along the main road and the exit to the secondary road, the exit to the main road and other subtleties of traffic are in a series of articles.

It should also be noted that the term "Main Road" is also used outside intersections - at the entry points to adjacent territories. Such sections are not considered intersections, however, adjacent territories are assigned the status of a secondary road, and the roads to which they adjoin are assigned the status of a main one.

In the absence of signs 2.1, 2.3.1-2.3.7 or 5.1, crossing paved roads, as well as crossing dirt roads, is considered equivalent.

"Daytime Running Lights"- external lighting devices designed to improve the visibility of a moving vehicle in front during daylight hours.

"Road"- a strip of land or the surface of an artificial structure, equipped or adapted and used for the movement of vehicles. The road includes one or more carriageways, as well as tram tracks, sidewalks, shoulders and dividing lanes, if any.

The main purpose of the road is to ensure the movement of vehicles and pedestrians. Roads include streets, avenues, highways, as well as dirt, forest, field roads, and even those that can be used for traffic only in winter.

"Road traffic"- a set of social relations that arise in the process of moving people and goods with or without vehicles within the roads.

"traffic accident"- an event that occurred during the movement of a vehicle on the road and with its participation, in which people were killed or injured, vehicles, structures, cargo were damaged, or other material damage was caused.

The types of accidents can be as follows: collision, rollover, collision with a standing vehicle, a pedestrian or a cyclist, an obstacle, horse-drawn vehicles or animals, etc. The actions of drivers involved in a road traffic accident (RTA) are given in SDA clause .

"Railroad crossing"- crossing the road with railway tracks at the same level.

Railway crossing - a section of the road intended for the passage of vehicles through the rail railway. This is one of the most dangerous places, because braking distances railway train is at least 800 meters. The rules for driving through railway crossings are formulated in the SDA.

"Route vehicle"- a public transport vehicle (bus, trolley bus, tram) designed to transport people on the roads and moving along an established route with designated stops.

Buses, trolleybuses and trams can be classified as route vehicles if they are currently transporting passengers along an established route, moving from one designated stop to another. In other cases, for example, when a route vehicle deviates from its route in order to shorten the path (this example does not apply to trolleybuses and trams), the listed vehicle does not have the status of a route vehicle.

"mechanical vehicle"- a vehicle driven by an engine. The term also applies to any tractors and self-propelled machines.

Power-driven vehicles are part of the general group of all vehicles. The main feature of mechanical vehicles is the presence of an engine. Non-mechanical vehicles are any vehicles that do not have their own motor installation that sets them in motion. These are all kinds of trailers, semi-trailers and trailers-dissolutions. They are operated together with a mechanical vehicle as part of road trains.

The rules included buses, trolleybuses, trams, passenger cars and trucks, motorcycles, tractors, self-propelled vehicles. Self-propelled vehicles- these are vehicles designed to perform a variety of work (snow plows, agricultural machines, rollers, loaders, asphalt pavers, etc.). Since November 5, 2014, mopeds have also been included in the category of mechanical vehicles.

"Moped"- a two- or three-wheeled motor vehicle, the maximum design speed of which does not exceed 50 km/h, which has an internal combustion engine with a displacement not exceeding 50 cubic meters. cm, or an electric motor with a rated maximum power in continuous load mode of more than 0.25 kW and less than 4 kW. Quadricycles with similar technical characteristics are equated to mopeds.

"Motorbike"- a two-wheeled motor vehicle with or without a side trailer, the engine capacity of which (in the case of an internal combustion engine) exceeds 50 cubic meters. cm or the maximum design speed (for any engine) exceeds 50 km/h. Tricycles, as well as quadricycles with a motorcycle seat or motorcycle-type handlebars, having an unladen mass not exceeding 400 kg (550 kg for vehicles intended for the transport of goods), excluding the mass of batteries (in the case of electric vehicles), and a maximum effective engine power not exceeding 15 kW.

The curb weight is regulated by the vehicle manufacturer. It means the mass of a fully equipped and refueled vehicle without passengers and cargo.

"Locality"- a built-up area, the entrances to which and the exits from which are marked with signs 5.23.1 - 5.26.

If you left a section of the road where the 5.25 sign (with a blue background) was installed, but did not leave locality, then it is advisable to comply with the requirements of the traffic rules that establish the order of movement in settlements.

"Insufficient Visibility"— the visibility of the road is less than 300 m in conditions of fog, rain, snowfall and the like, as well as at dusk.

- advance of one or more vehicles associated with the exit to the lane (side of the carriageway) intended for oncoming traffic, and subsequent return to the previously occupied lane (side of the carriageway).

The main sign of overtaking as an advance of a moving vehicle (one or more) is the exit from the lane in which you were moving earlier to the lane (side of the road) in the opposite direction.
Therefore, rebuilding is a mandatory component of overtaking. However, you can rebuild without leaving the oncoming lane. Leading within the carriageway passing direction overtaking is not considered.

"Roadside"- an element of the road adjacent directly to the carriageway at the same level with it, differing in the type of coverage or marked out using markings, used for movement, stopping and parking in accordance with the Rules.

The curb is intended for pedestrian traffic and stopping vehicles. If there is a curb suitable for stopping, traffic rules prohibit deliberately stopping traffic on the carriageway. The use of roadsides for the movement of vehicles is generally prohibited (SDA).

"Teaching Driving"- a teacher of an organization that carries out educational activities and implements basic professional training programs for drivers of vehicles of the relevant categories and subcategories, whose qualification meets the qualification requirements specified in the qualification reference books and (or) professional standards (if any), teaching driving a vehicle.

"learning to drive"- a person who, in accordance with the established procedure, undergoes appropriate vocational training in an organization that carries out educational activities and implements basic vocational training programs for drivers of vehicles of the relevant categories and subcategories, who has initial driving skills and has mastered the requirements of the Rules.

"Limited Visibility"— the driver's visibility of the road in the direction of travel, limited by the terrain, the geometric parameters of the road, vegetation, buildings, structures or other objects, including vehicles.

"Moving Danger"- a situation that has arisen in the process of traffic, in which the continuation of movement in the same direction and at the same speed creates a risk of a traffic accident.

It is important for the driver to be able to predict the development of traffic situations and prevent them from developing into an accident. If there is a danger to traffic that the driver is able to detect, it is necessary to take possible measures to reduce the speed until the vehicle stops (p. SDA).

"Dangerous Goods"- substances, products made from them, wastes from production and other economic activities, which, due to their inherent properties, may pose a threat to human life and health during transportation, harm the environment, damage or destroy material values.

To vehicles carrying dangerous goods, there are a number of special design requirements. On such vehicles, an orange or yellow flashing beacon is installed, and identification marks “Dangerous goods” are applied (installed) in front and behind.

- the movement of the vehicle at a speed greater than the speed of the passing vehicle.

Leading does not imply exit to the adjacent lane and can be performed both on the left and on the right.

"Organized transportation of a group of children"- transportation in a bus that is not related to a route vehicle, a group of children of 8 or more people, carried out without their parents or other legal representatives.

Organized transportation of a group of children means special transportation. From January 1, 2014, transportation of a group of children is carried out only on buses. Front and rear identification marks "Children's transportation" are installed on such vehicles.

"Organized transport column"- a group of three or more motor vehicles following directly one after another along the same lane with constantly on headlights, accompanied by a lead vehicle with special color schemes applied to the outer surfaces and flashing beacons of blue and red colors.

Traffic rules prohibit crossing organized columns and taking a place in them (p.). An organized transport column can be considered a group of mechanical vehicles, consisting of at least three units of the specified equipment, moving with a special escort at the head of the column.

"Organized Foot Column"- a group of people designated in accordance with the Rules, moving together along the road in one direction.

"Stop"- deliberate cessation of the movement of the vehicle for up to 5 minutes, as well as for more, if it is necessary for boarding or disembarking passengers or loading or unloading the vehicle.

A stop is defined by the SDA as a deliberate cessation of movement. It means that it is made by the driver at his will, and not for the reasons specified in the definition of "Forced stop", and not to fulfill the requirements of the traffic controller, and also not to stop at a traffic light, not to provide an advantage to other road users , not due to congestion, etc. No Stopping sign and/or horizontal markings (yellow) placed at the edge of the carriageway or along the top of the curb prevent intentional stopping of traffic.

In places where parking is prohibited, stopping is allowed (i.e., deliberately stopping traffic for up to 5 minutes). You can also stay there for a longer time if it is necessary for boarding and disembarking passengers, or loading a vehicle.

"Safety Island"- an element of the road arrangement that separates traffic lanes (including lanes for cyclists), as well as traffic lanes and tram tracks, structurally separated by a curb stone above the carriageway of the road or marked by technical means of organizing traffic and intended to stop pedestrians when crossing the carriageway . A safety island may include a part of the dividing strip through which a pedestrian crossing is laid.

"Parking (parking space)"- a specially designated and, if necessary, equipped and equipped place, which is, among other things, part of the highway and (or) adjacent to the carriageway and (or) sidewalk, roadside, flyover or bridge, or which is part of the underpass or bridge spaces, squares and other street objects - the road network, buildings, structures or structures and intended for organized parking of vehicles on a paid basis or without charging a fee by decision of the owner or other owner of the motor road, the owner of the land plot or the owner of the relevant part of the building, structure or structure.

Pedestrian crossings located at regulated intersections may not have signs, pedestrians can only use markings. It should be borne in mind that in the absence of all the attributes of a pedestrian crossing, pedestrians have the right to cross the carriageway at intersections along the line of sidewalks or roadsides (p. SDA).

"Lane"- any of the longitudinal lanes of the carriageway, marked or not marked with markings and having a width sufficient for the movement of cars in one row.

The traffic lane is the main element of the carriageway of any road. Its dimensions are regulated normative documents. If there are no markings showing its dimensions, or if it is not visible, then drivers should consider the width of the carriageway sufficient for the movement of cars in one lane as a lane.

"Bicycle lane"- a lane of the carriageway intended for the movement of bicycles and mopeds, separated from the rest of the carriageway by horizontal markings and marked with the sign 5.14.2.

"Advantage (priority)"- the right to priority movement in the intended direction in relation to other participants in the movement.

Priority is a very important concept, directly related to the term “Give way (do not interfere)”.

"Let"— an immovable object on the traffic lane (faulty or damaged vehicle, defect in the roadway, foreign objects, etc.), which does not allow to continue driving along this lane. A traffic jam or a vehicle that has stopped in this lane in accordance with the requirements of the Rules is not an obstacle.

"Surrounding area"- the territory directly adjacent to the road and not intended for through traffic of vehicles (yards, residential areas, parking lots, gas stations, enterprises, etc.). Movement on the adjacent territory is carried out in accordance with these Rules.

The surrounding area is directly adjacent to the road. The exits from adjacent territories have been assigned the status of minor roads. Therefore, when leaving it, you should give way to vehicles and pedestrians on the road you are entering. (p. SDA).

"Trailer"- a vehicle not equipped with an engine and intended to be driven in combination with a power-driven vehicle. The term also applies to semi-trailers and drop trailers.

A trailer is a non-mechanical vehicle. He travels as part of a road train. The trailer rests on the road with all wheels and is attached to the tractor with the help of a drawbar. The semi-trailer rests on the wheels and on the tractor vehicle. If you look from the side, then the semi-trailer seems to be sitting astride a towing vehicle. The dissolution trailer is used to transport goods of increased length (most often pipes or timber).

"Roadway"- an element of the road intended for the movement of trackless vehicles.

A road consists of one or more carriageways. If there are several carriageways, they are separated from each other by dividing lanes.

"Dividing Line"- an element of the road, allocated constructively and (or) using marking 1.2, separating adjacent carriageways, as well as the carriageway and tram tracks and not intended for the movement and stopping of vehicles.

"Permitted maximum weight"- the mass of the equipped vehicle with cargo, driver and passengers, set by the manufacturer as the maximum allowable. For the permitted maximum mass of the composition of vehicles, that is, coupled and moving as a whole, the sum of the permitted maximum masses of the vehicles included in the composition is taken.

An equipped motor vehicle is a vehicle fully fueled with the maximum level of oil and coolant in the units, with a spare wheel, tools, first aid kit, fire extinguisher and warning triangle. Vehicles are divided into categories depending on their purpose, design features and the permitted maximum weight.

"Adjuster"- a person duly empowered to regulate traffic with the help of signals established by the Rules, and directly exercising the specified regulation. The traffic controller must be in uniform and (or) have a distinctive badge and equipment. Regulators include employees of the police and military automobile inspection, as well as employees of road maintenance services, on duty at railway crossings and ferry crossings in the performance of their duties. Regulators also include authorized persons from among the employees of transport security units who perform the duties of inspection, additional inspection, re-examination, observation and (or) interview in order to ensure transport security, in relation to traffic regulation on sections of highways determined by a decree of the Government of the Russian Federation Federation of July 18, 2016 N 686 "On the determination of sections of roads, railways and inland waterways, heliports, landing sites, as well as other buildings, structures, devices and equipment that ensure the functioning of the transport complex, which are objects of transport infrastructure.

If traffic is controlled by a traffic controller, then drivers should be guided by his signals.

"Parking"- deliberate cessation of the movement of the vehicle for a period of more than 5 minutes for reasons not related to the boarding or disembarkation of passengers or the loading or unloading of the vehicle.

The terms "Parking" and "Stopping" mean the intentional cessation of movement. A stop differs from a parking time by the time the vehicle is stationary. An intentional stoppage of traffic for more than 5 minutes is considered a stop, and not a parking lot, if it is associated with the continuous boarding or disembarkation of passengers, loading or unloading the vehicle.

"Night time"- the time interval from the end of evening twilight to the beginning of morning twilight.

During the specified period of time, external lighting devices cannot be dispensed with. This term is specified in p and in the SDA.

"Vehicle"- a device designed for the transport by road of people, goods or equipment installed on it.

Vehicles include both mechanical (engine-powered) and non-mechanical (non-engine) vehicles.

"Sidewalk"- an element of the road intended for the movement of pedestrians and adjacent to the carriageway or to the cycle path or separated from them by a lawn.

By definition, a sidewalk is for pedestrians. In the cases specified in paragraphs. and traffic rules, it is allowed to move, stop and even park the vehicle.

"Give way (do not interfere)"- a requirement that a road user must not start, resume or continue driving, perform any maneuver, if this may force other road users who have an advantage over him to change direction or speed.

"Give way" - every driver faces this term as soon as he wants to start moving from the edge of the road. Traffic rules require him to give way to moving vehicles before starting to move. What does it mean to give way? It means not to interfere. If you start on a multi-lane road, make sure the lane you are about to use is clear and no moving vehicles are moving into it.

"Road user"- a person directly involved in the process of movement as a driver, pedestrian, passenger of a vehicle.

"School bus"- a specialized vehicle (bus) that meets the requirements for vehicles for transporting children, established by the legislation on technical regulation, and owned or otherwise legally owned by a preschool educational or general educational organization.

"Electric car"- a vehicle driven solely by an electric motor and charged using an external source of electricity.

The term "Electric car" is included in the SDA with .

1.3. Road users are obliged to know and comply with the requirements of the Rules, traffic lights, signs and markings that apply to them, as well as follow the orders of traffic controllers acting within the rights granted to them and regulating traffic with established signals.

1.4. The roads have right-hand traffic.

1.5. Road users must act in such a way that they do not endanger traffic or cause harm. It is forbidden to damage or pollute the road surface, remove, block, damage, arbitrarily install road signs, traffic lights and other technical means of organizing traffic, leave objects on the road that interfere with traffic. The person who created the obstacle is obliged to take all possible measures to eliminate it, and if this is not possible, then by available means to ensure that road users are informed about the danger and inform the police.

1.6. Persons who violate the Rules are liable in accordance with applicable law.

The legislation of the Russian Federation provides for administrative, criminal and civil liability in relation to the driver, depending on the type of traffic violation and its consequences.

SDA Signs Marking Vehicle approval

1. General provisions

SDA clause: 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6

1.1. These Rules of the road establish a unified traffic procedure throughout the Russian Federation. Other regulations relating to traffic must be based on the requirements of the Rules and not contradict them.

1.2. The following basic concepts and terms are used in the Rules:

A road marked with the sign 5.1 and having carriageways for each direction of movement, separated from each other by a dividing strip (and in its absence - by a road fence), without crossings on the same level with other roads, railway or tram tracks, pedestrian or bicycle paths.

"Road train"- a motor vehicle coupled to a trailer (trailers).

"Bike"- a vehicle, other than a wheelchair, which has at least two wheels and is generally propelled by the muscular energy of the occupants of the vehicle, in particular by means of pedals or handles, and may also have an electric motor of rated maximum continuous power load not exceeding 0.25 kW, automatically shutting off at speeds over 25 km/h.

"Cyclist"- the person driving the bike.

A road element (or a separate road) structurally separated from the carriageway and sidewalk, intended for the movement of cyclists and marked with the sign 4.4.1.

"Bicycle Zone"- a territory intended for the movement of cyclists, the beginning and end of which are marked respectively by signs 5.33.1 and 5.34.1.

"Driver"- a person driving a vehicle, a driver leading pack animals, riding animals or a herd along the road. A driving instructor is equivalent to a driver.

"Forced Stop"- termination of the movement of the vehicle due to its technical malfunction or danger posed by the transported cargo, the condition of the driver (passenger) or the appearance of an obstacle on the road.

"Hybrid car"- a vehicle having at least 2 different energy converters (motors) and 2 different (on-board) energy storage systems for the purpose of propulsion of the vehicle.

"The main road"- a road marked with signs 2.1, 2.3.1 - 2.3.7 or 5.1 in relation to an intersected (adjacent) road, or a paved road (asphalt and cement concrete, stone materials, etc.) in relation to a dirt road, or any road in relation to departures from adjacent territories. The presence of a paved section on a secondary road immediately before the intersection does not make it equal in value to the crossed one.

"Daytime Running Lights"- external lighting devices designed to improve the visibility of a moving vehicle in front during daylight hours.

Equipped or adapted and used for the movement of vehicles, a strip of land or the surface of an artificial structure. The road includes one or more carriageways, as well as tram tracks, sidewalks, shoulders and dividing lanes, if any.

"Traffic"- a set of social relations that arise in the process of moving people and goods with or without vehicles within roads.

"Railroad crossing"- crossing the road with railway tracks on the same level.

"travel vehicle"- a public transport vehicle (bus, trolleybus, tram) intended for the carriage of people on the roads and moving along an established route with designated stops.

"mechanical vehicle"- a vehicle driven by an engine. The term also applies to any tractors and self-propelled machines.

"Moped"- a two- or three-wheeled motor vehicle, the maximum design speed of which does not exceed 50 km/h, which has an internal combustion engine with a working volume not exceeding 50 cubic meters. cm, or an electric motor with a rated maximum power in continuous load mode of more than 0.25 kW and less than 4 kW. Quadricycles with similar technical characteristics are equated to mopeds.

"Motorbike"- a two-wheeled power-driven vehicle, with or without a side trailer, whose engine capacity (in the case of an internal combustion engine) exceeds 50 cubic meters. cm or the maximum design speed (for any engine) exceeds 50 km/h. Tricycles, as well as quadricycles with a motorcycle seat or motorcycle-type handlebars, having an unladen mass not exceeding 400 kg (550 kg for vehicles intended for the transport of goods), excluding the mass of batteries (in the case of electric vehicles), and a maximum effective engine power not exceeding 15 kW.

A built-up area, the entrances to which and the exits from which are marked with signs 5.23.1 - 5.26.

"Insufficient Visibility"- the visibility of the road is less than 300 m in conditions of fog, rain, snowfall and the like, as well as at dusk.

"Overtaking"- advance of one or more vehicles associated with the exit to the lane (side of the carriageway) intended for oncoming traffic, and subsequent return to the previously occupied lane (side of the carriageway).

An element of the road adjacent directly to the carriageway at the same level with it, differing in the type of coverage or marked out using markings 1.2, used for driving, stopping and parking in accordance with the Rules.

"Limited visibility"- the driver's visibility of the road in the direction of travel, limited by the terrain, the geometric parameters of the road, vegetation, buildings, structures or other objects, including vehicles.

"Moving Danger"- a situation that has arisen in the process of traffic, in which the continuation of movement in the same direction and at the same speed creates a risk of a traffic accident.

"Advance"- the movement of the vehicle at a speed greater than the speed of the passing vehicle.

"Organized Foot Column"- a group of people designated in accordance with paragraph 4.2 of the Rules, moving together along the road in one direction.

"Stop"- intentional stoppage of the movement of the vehicle for up to 5 minutes, as well as for more, if it is necessary for boarding or disembarking passengers or loading or unloading the vehicle.

"Safety Island"- an element of the road arrangement that separates traffic lanes (including lanes for cyclists), as well as traffic lanes and tram tracks, structurally separated by a curbstone above the carriageway of the road or marked by technical means of traffic management and intended to stop pedestrians when crossing the carriageway . A safety island may include a part of the dividing strip through which a pedestrian crossing is laid.

"Parking Lot (Parking Space)"- a specially designated and, if necessary, equipped and equipped place, which is, among other things, part of a highway and (or) adjacent to the carriageway and (or) sidewalk, roadside, overpass or bridge, or which is part of under-overpass or under-bridge spaces, squares and other street objects - the road network, buildings, structures or structures and intended for organized parking of vehicles on a paid basis or without charging a fee by decision of the owner or other owner of the motor road, the owner of the land plot or the owner of the relevant part of the building, structure or structure.

"Passenger"- a person, other than the driver, who is in the vehicle (on it), as well as a person who enters the vehicle (gets on it) or leaves the vehicle (gets off it).

"Crossroads"- a place of intersection, junction or branching of roads at the same level, limited by imaginary lines connecting, respectively, opposite, the beginnings of the curvature of the carriageways, which are the most distant from the center of the intersection. Exits from adjacent territories are not considered intersections.

"Rebuilding"- exit from the occupied lane or occupied lane while maintaining the original direction of movement.

"A pedestrian"- a person who is outside the vehicle on the road or on a pedestrian or bicycle path and does not work on them. Persons moving in wheelchairs, driving a bicycle, moped, motorcycle, carrying a sledge, cart, baby or wheelchair, as well as using roller skates, scooters and other similar means for movement are equated to pedestrians.

A strip of land equipped or adapted for pedestrian traffic or the surface of an artificial structure, marked with the sign 4.5.1.

The territory intended for the movement of pedestrians, the beginning and end of which are marked respectively by signs 5.33 and 5.34.

A road element (or a separate road) structurally separated from the carriageway, intended for separate or joint movement of cyclists with pedestrians and indicated by signs 4.5.2 - 4.5.7.

A section of the carriageway, tram tracks, marked with signs 5.19.1, 5.19.2 and (or) markings 1.14.1 and 1.14.2 and allocated for pedestrian traffic across the road. In the absence of markings, the width of the pedestrian crossing is determined by the distance between signs 5.19.1 and 5.19.2.

"Lane"- any of the longitudinal lanes of the carriageway, marked or not marked with markings and having a width sufficient for the movement of cars in one row.

The lane of the roadway intended for the movement of bicycles and mopeds, separated from the rest of the roadway by horizontal markings and marked with the sign 5.14.2.

"Advantage (priority)"- the right to priority movement in the intended direction in relation to other participants in the movement.

"Let"- an immovable object on the lane (faulty or damaged vehicle, roadway defect, foreign objects, etc.) that does not allow to continue driving along this lane. A traffic jam or a vehicle that has stopped in this lane in accordance with the requirements of the Rules is not an obstacle.

"Trailer"- a vehicle not equipped with an engine and intended to be driven in combination with a power-driven vehicle. The term also applies to semi-trailers and drop trailers.

"Roadway"- an element of the road intended for the movement of trackless vehicles.

An element of the road, allocated constructively and (or) using markings 1.2, separating adjacent carriageways, as well as the carriageway and tram tracks and not intended for the movement and stopping of vehicles.

"Adjuster"- a person duly vested with the authority to regulate traffic with the help of signals established by the Rules, and directly exercising the specified regulation. The traffic controller must be in uniform and (or) have a distinctive badge and equipment. Regulators include employees of the police and military automobile inspection, as well as employees of road maintenance services, on duty at railway crossings and ferry crossings in the performance of their duties. Regulators also include authorized persons from among the employees of transport security units who perform the duties of inspection, additional inspection, re-examination, observation and (or) interview in order to ensure transport security, in relation to traffic regulation on sections of highways determined by a decree of the Government of the Russian Federation Federation of July 18, 2016 N 686 "On the determination of sections of roads, railways and inland waterways, heliports, landing sites, as well as other buildings, structures, devices and equipment that ensure the functioning of the transport complex, which are objects of transport infrastructure."

"Parking"- intentional stoppage of the movement of the vehicle for more than 5 minutes for reasons not related to the boarding or disembarkation of passengers or loading or unloading the vehicle.

"Night time"- the time interval from the end of evening twilight to the beginning of morning twilight.

"Vehicle"- a device designed for the carriage by road of people, goods or equipment installed on it.

"Sidewalk"- an element of the road intended for the movement of pedestrians and adjacent to the carriageway or to the cycle path or separated from it by a lawn.

"Give Way (Don't Interfere)"- a requirement meaning that a road user must not start, resume or continue driving, perform any maneuver, if this may force other road users who have an advantage over him to change direction or speed.

"Road user"- a person who is directly involved in the process of movement as a driver, pedestrian, passenger of a vehicle.

"Electric car"- a vehicle driven exclusively by an electric motor and charged using an external source of electricity.

1.4. The roads have right-hand traffic.

1.5. Road users must act in such a way that they do not endanger traffic or cause harm.

It is forbidden to damage or pollute the road surface, remove, block, damage, arbitrarily install road signs, traffic lights and other technical means of organizing traffic, leave objects on the road that interfere with traffic (). The person who created the obstacle is obliged to take all possible measures to eliminate it, and if this is not possible, then by available means to ensure that road users are informed about the danger and inform the police.

1.6. Persons who violate the Rules are liable in accordance with applicable law.

Comments (21)

Sergey 01/24/2018 at 11:55

Previously, the coating meant laid asphalt, concrete, or simply rubble poured and rolled, in general, not a bare primer.

[Reply] [Cancel reply]

The following basic concepts and terms are used in the Rules:

"Motorway"- a road marked with the sign 5.1 ** and having for each direction of movement carriageways separated from each other by a dividing strip (and in its absence - by a road fence), without crossings on the same level with other roads, railway or tram tracks, pedestrian or bicycle paths.

"Road Train"- a motor vehicle coupled to a trailer (trailers).

"Bike"- a vehicle, other than a wheelchair, which has at least two wheels and is generally propelled by the muscular energy of the occupants of the vehicle, in particular by means of pedals or handles, and may also have an electric motor of rated maximum power in continuous load not exceeding 0.25 kW, automatically shutting off at speeds over 25 km/h.

"Cyclist"- the person driving the bike.

"Bicycle lane"- a road element (or a separate road) structurally separated from the carriageway and sidewalk, intended for the movement of cyclists and marked with the sign 4.4.1.

"Driver"- a person driving a vehicle, a driver leading pack, riding animals or a herd along the road. A driving instructor is equivalent to a driver.

"The main road"- a road marked with signs 2.1, 2.3.1-2.3.7 or 5.1, in relation to an intersected (adjacent), or a paved road (asphalt and cement concrete, stone materials, etc.) in relation to a dirt road, or any road in relation to departures from adjacent territories. The presence of a paved section on a secondary road immediately before the intersection does not make it equal in value to the crossed one.

"Daytime Running Lights"- external lighting devices designed to improve the visibility of a moving vehicle in front during daylight hours.

"Road traffic"- a set of social relations that arise in the process of moving people and goods with or without vehicles within the roads.

"Railroad crossing"- crossing the road with railway tracks at the same level.

"Route vehicle"- a public transport vehicle (bus, trolley bus, tram) designed to transport people on the roads and moving along an established route with designated stops.

"mechanical vehicle"- a vehicle, other than a moped, propelled by an engine. The term also applies to any tractors and self-propelled machines.

"Moped"- a two- or three-wheeled motor vehicle, the maximum design speed of which does not exceed 50 km/h, which has an internal combustion engine with a displacement not exceeding 50 cubic meters. cm, or an electric motor with a rated maximum power in continuous load mode of more than 0.25 kW and less than 4 kW. Quadricycles are equated to mopeds, having
similar specifications.

"Motorbike"- a two-wheeled motor vehicle with or without a side trailer, the engine capacity of which (in the case of an internal combustion engine) exceeds 50 cubic meters. cm or the maximum design speed (for any engine) exceeds 50 km/h. Tricycles are equated to motorcycles, as well as quadricycles with a motorcycle seat or motorcycle handlebars.
type, having an unladen mass not exceeding 400 kg (550 kg for vehicles intended for the carriage of goods) excluding the mass of batteries (in the case of electric vehicles), and a maximum effective engine power not exceeding 15 kW.

"Locality"- built-up area, the entrances to and exits from which are marked with signs 5.23.1, 5.23.2, 5.24.1, 5.24.2, 5.25, 5.26

"Insufficient Visibility"— the visibility of the road is less than 300 m in conditions of fog, rain, snowfall and the like, as well as at dusk.

"Roadside"- an element of the road adjacent directly to the carriageway at the same level with it, differing in the type of coverage or marked out using markings 1.2.1 or 1.2.2, used for driving, stopping and parking in accordance with the Rules.

"Moving Danger"- a situation that has arisen in the process of traffic, in which the continuation of movement in the same direction and at the same speed creates a risk of a traffic accident.

"Dangerous Goods"- substances, products made from them, wastes from industrial and other economic activities, which, due to their inherent properties, may pose a threat to human life and health during transportation, harm the environment, damage or destroy material values.

"Advance"- the movement of the vehicle at a speed greater than the speed of the passing vehicle.

"Organized transportation of a group of children" — organized transportation eight or more children in a bus that is not a shuttle vehicle.

"Organized Foot Column"- a group of people designated in accordance with paragraph 4.2 of the Rules, moving together along the road in one direction.

"Stop"- intentional stoppage of the movement of the vehicle for up to 5 minutes, as well as for more, if it is necessary for boarding or disembarking passengers, or loading or unloading the vehicle.

"Safety Island"- an element of the road arrangement that separates the traffic lanes of opposite directions (including the lanes for cyclists), structurally separated by a curb stone above the carriageway of the road or marked by technical means of organizing traffic and intended to stop pedestrians when crossing the carriageway of the road. A safety island may include a part of the dividing strip through which a pedestrian crossing is laid.

"Passenger"- a person, other than the driver, who is in the vehicle (on it), as well as a person who enters the vehicle (gets on it) or leaves the vehicle (gets off it).

"Parking (parking space)" - a specially designated and, if necessary, equipped and equipped place, which is, among other things, a part of a highway and (or) adjacent to a carriageway and (or) a sidewalk, a roadside, an overpass or a bridge, or which is part of an underpass or underbridge spaces, squares or other objects of a street road network, buildings, structures or structures and intended for organized parking of vehicles on a paid basis or without charging a fee by decision of the owner or other owner of the motor road, the owner of the land plot or the owner of the relevant part of the building, structure or structure.

"Rebuilding"- exit from the occupied lane or occupied row while maintaining the original direction of movement.

"A pedestrian"- a person who is outside the vehicle on the road and does not work on it. Persons moving in wheelchairs without an engine, driving a bicycle, moped, motorcycle, carrying a sledge, cart, baby or wheelchair, as well as using roller skates, scooters and other similar means for movement are equated to pedestrians.

"Crosswalk"- a section of the carriageway, tram tracks, marked with signs 5.19.1, 5.19.2 and (or) markings 1.14.1 and 1.14.2 and allocated for pedestrian traffic across the road. In the absence of markings, the width of the pedestrian crossing is determined by the distance between signs 5.19.1 and 5.19.2.

"Footpath"- a strip of land equipped or adapted for pedestrian traffic or the surface of an artificial structure, marked with the sign 4.5.1.

"Pedestrian zone"- the territory intended for the movement of pedestrians, the beginning and end of which are marked respectively by signs 5.33 and 5.34.

"Pedestrian and bicycle path (bike path)"- a road element (or a separate road) structurally separated from the carriageway, intended for separate or joint movement of cyclists with pedestrians and marked with signs 4.5.2-4.5.7.

"Lane"- any of the longitudinal lanes of the carriageway, marked or not marked with markings and having a width sufficient for the movement of cars in one row.

"Bicycle lane"- the lane of the roadway intended for the movement of bicycles and mopeds, separated from the rest of the roadway by horizontal markings and marked with the sign 5.14.2.

"Advantage (priority)"- the right to priority movement in the intended direction in relation to other participants in the movement.

"Trailer"- a vehicle not equipped with an engine and intended to be driven in combination with a power-driven vehicle. The term also applies to semi-trailers and drop trailers.

"Roadway"- an element of the road intended for the movement of trackless vehicles.

"Dividing Line"- an element of the road, allocated constructively and (or) using markings 1.2.1, separating adjacent carriageways and not intended for the movement and stopping of vehicles.

"Parking"- deliberate cessation of the movement of the vehicle for a period of more than 5 minutes for reasons not related to the boarding or disembarkation of a passenger or loading or unloading a vehicle.

"Night time"- the time interval from the end of evening twilight to the beginning of morning twilight.

"Vehicle"- a device designed for the transport by road of people, goods or equipment installed on it.

"Sidewalk"- an element of the road intended for the movement of pedestrians and adjacent to the carriageway or separated from it by a lawn.

"Road user"- a person directly involved in the process of movement as a driver, pedestrian, passenger of a vehicle.

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