BUT maximum speed many cars exceeds 300 km / h, the effectiveness of the use of these funds is gradually declining, and in some cases, pillows and belts can be simply dangerous for motorists.

As a result, the basic passive safety devices that all drivers rely on in the event of an accident are, in essence, inventions of the last century. Naturally, over passive safety cars are operated by all automakers. However, security system suppliers are forced to save both on testing time and on development and material costs, as only this can lead to cost savings. Therefore, one has to forget about the high degree of safety that belts and pillows could provide.

Yes, airbags do a great job of protecting the head and torso of drivers, but they put their legs and arms at risk. According to a study by Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center in New Hampshire of 1988-2004 U.S. crash injury data, airbags and seat belts do nothing to protect a driver's arms from fractures, and they also increase the risk of leg injuries by 35 percent. .

Pillows are a serious danger to the eyes of the driver and passengers. A study by the Spanish doctor Carlos Ruiz Lapuente showed that as a result of airbag deployment, even at low speeds, 35% of drivers and passengers suffer from a fairly strong blow, which often falls on the face, especially when it comes to people under 175 centimeters tall. The impact of the pillow in strength approaches a sharp blow to the face with a fist. If you wear glasses, the consequences can be even more dire.

In addition, natrium acid, which instantly inflates the airbag, can get into the eyes of drivers and passengers, subsequently leading to retinal detachment, corneal damage and other consequences. According to the Spanish Society for the Blind ONCE, traffic accidents are now one of the most common causes of blindness.

Of course, all this can be avoided, but new, more advanced models are beginning to be placed only on expensive models. Only recently have manufacturers started putting knee pads on their models. Mercedes E-class, for example, they will appear only this year.

Optimal impact protection was invented by Toyota. Unlike conventional pillows, which consist of one section, new version there are two of them. As they inflate, they create a depression in the middle, and distribute the pressure of the deployed pillow to other parts of the head, shoulders and upper torso. The new airbags are based on the concept of Omni-Support and give the front seat occupant much less chance of injury without compromising first-impact protection. However, they will be placed so far only on some Lexus models.

The time when the belt, and then the airbag, were the only means designed to mitigate the consequences of a collision is a thing of the last century. New system Driver Safety, developed by Delphi Germany in Wuppertal, is based on mechanical technology and should reduce by a quarter the likelihood of limb injury in a collision. The system provides better protection for the driver's legs in a frontal impact. The safety module consists of a steering column, a knee roll and a brand new pedal system. In a collision, the module moves away from the driver, giving the air bag more time to open. An airbag and a knee roll under the steering column redistribute the impact to the dashboard. Pedals change direction on impact, moving up, reducing the risk of leg injury. The new system should, according to the company, enter the market by 2010.

Of course, no one will dispute the positive potential of all integrated systems. However, auto companies will continue to save on the introduction of new security systems. Therefore, many more motorists will still be helped out by airbags and seat belts, with which it is still calmer than without them. After all, as you know, it is better to be not quite alive than completely dead.

Waiting for the train on the platform:

stand on the right, go on the left;

Rules of conduct in trams, buses and trolleybuses

Trucks used to transport people are specially equipped with an awning, stairs for getting in and out, and seats in the body. If children are being transported, the truck must have a van body and the “Child Transportation” identification mark. Children must be accompanied by an adult.

It is necessary to remember and observe a number of safety measures:

You can not stand in the back while the truck is moving;

You can not move from place to place while driving truck;

Transportation of people, including schoolchildren, can be carried out by trucks.

Do not get out of the truck in the direction of the carriageway

When going down the subway on the escalator:

It is necessary to wait for a bus, trolleybus, tram only at the landing site, and if there is none, on the sidewalk or roadside.

When boarding a tram, if tram rails located in the middle of the street and you need to cross carriageway road, in order to approach a tram stop, you need to examine both sides of the road and, making sure that there is no moving traffic, go to the stopped tram.

Waiting for the train on the platform:

do not go beyond the boundary line;

Boarding in transport is carried out through the front doors, and disembarkation - through the doors on which there is an inscription "Exit"

As a rule, boarding should be done through rear doors, and disembarkation - through the front or through the doors, which have the inscription "Exit".

To pay for travel in transport, magnetic stripe tickets and contactless smart cards are used that meet the requirements of international standards.

After disembarkation from public transport when crossing the carriageway, you must be especially careful, given the heavy traffic. When exiting the tram and bus, if you need to cross the carriageway, it is safest to walk along the sidewalk to the nearest pedestrian crossing and cross the carriageway to the other side of the street. On the country road where there is no sign of a pedestrian crossing, you should wait for the bus to leave and, after making sure that it is possible to cross the road safely, cross the road.

stand on the right, go on the left;

you can not run up the steps of the escalator and sit on them.

if you have something fallen on the rails, do not try to get this item yourself, contact the duty officer.

Man created vehicles for ease of movement. Today we cannot even imagine our life in the city without buses, trams, trolleybuses, metro.

We are used to using vehicles to travel to school, a store, a stadium, another city or country. To do this, there is urban, water, air and rail transport. Passenger a person, other than the driver, who is in the vehicle (on it), as well as a person who enters the vehicle (gets on it) or leaves the vehicle (gets off it) is called. This means that we are all passengers and are obliged to know the rules of passenger behavior and measures of safe behavior in transport.

Public transport that carries passengers is called public. These are trams, trolleybuses, buses and metro.

All types of public transport travel along certain routes, which can be found by number. Places of public transport stops equipped with special boarding areas are marked with signs.

In order to travel safely in transport, it is important to follow generally accepted rules.

Safe behavior in transport

Rules of conduct in all types of public transport

 Boarding the vehicle is carried out after it has completely stopped and when the passengers get out of it. When landing, it must be taken into account that the doors open and close automatically, you can’t push, you can’t fuss, you can’t interfere with other people.

 Entering the cabin, you need to look around, choose, without disturbing the passengers on the bus, a comfortable place where you would not interfere with anyone and no one would interfere with you. You should look at where the emergency and emergency exits are located. If there are no free seats in the vehicle, you should try to stand in the aisle without interfering with the movement of passengers, hold on to the handrail or special suspensions. You can not stand at the front door, and even more so lean on it, it can accidentally open.

 It must be remembered that in public transport you can not make noise, play pranks, talk loudly, behave provocatively, eat ice cream. You can't lean out of the windows.

Rules of conduct in trams, buses and trolleybuses

 It is necessary to wait for a bus, trolleybus, tram only at the landing site, and if there is none, on the sidewalk or roadside.

 When boarding a tram, if the tram tracks are located in the middle of the street and you need to cross the carriageway to get to the tram stop, you need to inspect both sides of the road and, making sure that there is no moving traffic, go to the stopped tram.

 Boarding in vehicles equipped with ACS (automated passenger control system) is carried out through the front doors, and disembarkation - through the doors, which have the inscription "Exit" (except Vehicle equipped with ACS).

 As a general rule, boarding should be through the rear doors and disembarking through the front doors or through doors marked "Exit".

To pay for travel in vehicles equipped with ARS, tickets with a magnetic stripe and contactless smart cards that meet the requirements of international standards are used.

 After disembarking from public transport, it is necessary to be especially careful when crossing the carriageway, given the heavy traffic. When exiting the tram and bus, if you need to cross the carriageway, it is safest to walk along the sidewalk to the nearest pedestrian crossing and cross the carriageway to the other side of the street. On a country road where there is no sign of a pedestrian crossing, you should wait for the bus to leave and, after making sure that it is possible to cross safely, cross the road.

Rules of conduct when traveling by truck

Transportation of people, including schoolchildren, can be carried out by trucks.

Trucks used to transport people are specially equipped with an awning, stairs for getting in and out, and seats in the body. If children are being transported, the truck must have a van body and the “Child Transportation” identification mark. Children must be accompanied by an adult.

When traveling by truck It is necessary to remember and observe a number of safety measures:

you can not stand in the back while the truck is moving;

you can not move from place to place while the truck is moving;

you can not get out of the truck towards the carriageway.

Rules of conduct in the subway

When going down the subway on the escalator:

stand on the right, go on the left;

you can not run up the steps of the escalator and sit on them.

Waiting for the train on the platform:

do not go beyond the boundary line;

if you have something fallen on the rails, do not try to get this item yourself, contact the duty officer.

Dangerous situations in transport

, it is necessary to immediately inform the driver and passengers about the fire; demand to stop the transport and open the doors.

When locking the doors for evacuation from the vehicle interior, it is necessary to use emergency hatches in the roof and exits through side windows(if necessary, you can knock out the glass with your feet). When evacuating, do not panic and follow the instructions of the driver.

In any transport there are materials that, when burned, emit toxic gases, so you must strive to leave the cabin quickly, but without panic, covering your mouth and nose with a handkerchief or sleeve.

If a fire broke out in a subway car, immediately inform the intercom operator about this and follow his commands in the future.

If an open fire appears in the car while the train is moving, try to extinguish it using the fire extinguishers available under the seats or improvised means.

In no case do not try to stop the train in the tunnel with an emergency stop crane; stay where you are while the train moves through the tunnel. When a train stops in a tunnel, do not try to leave it without the driver's command.

After permission to exit, open the doors or, if there is no other way out and your life is in mortal danger, kick out the windows with your feet, get out of the car and move in the direction indicated by the driver.

1. Who is considered a passenger?

2. What kind of transport do you use more often? Draw up the rules for using this transport.

In the safety diary, write down a summary of the rules of conduct in the event of dangerous situations in transport.

1. Imagine that there is a fire in the bus. Describe the procedure for passengers.

2. You go down the escalator in the subway. You suddenly drop the package and it slides down the stairs. Your actions?

Subject	Fundamentals of life safety
Class	5
Lesson topic	Passenger. Passenger safety
The purpose of the lesson	Consider the general duties of a passenger, systematize their significance according to the rules of safe behavior in public transport to ensure personal safety.
	Educational: generalize knowledge about urban transport. To create conditions for studying and fixing the rules of behavior for passengers in emergency situations. Developing: development of cognitive interests of students, the ability to work in a group with a textbook, additional material, analyze, draw conclusions; develop creative, communication skills, imagination of students. Educational:to cultivate caution, to form a sense of responsibility for their actions and for the safety of others.
UUD	Personal UUD: development of sustainable cognitive motivation and interest in the topic under study, the formation of the ability to self-determination, the development of empathy, respect for a different opinion. Regulatory UUD: the ability of students to set learning goals and objectives of the lesson; plan their activities under the guidance of a teacher, evaluate the work of classmates, work in accordance with the task, compare the results with the expected ones. Cognitive UUD: independently identify and formulate the cognitive goal of the lesson, define concepts; structure knowledge; consciously and voluntarily build a speech statement in oral and written form; analyze and select information, process information to obtain the desired result. Communicative UUD: cooperation with the teacher and classmates in the search and collection of information, the ability to express their thoughts.
Planned results	Subject: know the general obligations of a passenger when using public transport. Rules for personal safety when using the tram, trolleybus and metro. Ensuring personal safety in the event of a dangerous situation in public transport. Personal: the ability to express their attitude to what is happening, to give their assessment. Metasubject: the ability to independently determine learning goals, set tasks; the ability to conduct an independent search, analysis, selection of information; develop the motives and interests of their cognitive activity; the ability to assess the correctness of the implementation of the educational task.
Basic concepts	Passenger; types of public transport.
Intersubject communications	History, geography
Lesson resources	Textbook, workbook, multimedia equipment.
Lesson Forms	Frontal, group.
Technology	Problem reading technology, ICT, collaborative learning.

Description of the stages of the lesson

Lesson stage	Content and activities of the teacher	Student activities	UUD (universal learning activities)
I . Organizational	greeting check the attendance of students check the readiness of students for the lesson I wish you a good mood and interesting work in the lesson	-greet the teachers, -visually control their readiness for the lesson, sit down at their workplaces.	Personal: self-organization. Regulatory: the ability to regulate their actions, predict activities in the lesson
II . Repetition of the material covered.	Activating students using trap questions. Guys, I suggest you remember the material you have covered. What is a road?(this is a strip of land or the surface of an artificial structure that is equipped or adapted and used for vehicles.) Why do you need road markings?(to ensure safety on streets and roads, control the flow of vehicles and pedestrians.) What are the names of the signs that inform the driver about approaching a dangerous section of the road?(warning signs.) Well done, you know the material well	- answering questions, - discussing, - giving examples	Personal: the ability to express their thoughts, give examples, draw a conclusion. reasoning ability Communicative: interact with the teacher group. Cognitive: Ability to analyze, identify and formulate a problem; the ability to consciously construct a speech statement.
III . Motivation for learning activities	And now I ask you to turn your attention to the screen (Slides 1) Tell the guys what you see on the screen? How do you assess this situation? Let's try to formulate the topic of the lesson?"Passenger. Passenger Safety» For what purpose will we study the topic of the lesson? Consider the general obligations of the passenger, the rules of safe behavior in public transport. In order to achieve our goal, we will need to solve a number of problems. To achieve the goal of the lesson, what will help us?(textbook, notebook, projector, reference material)	— answer questions; - choose the best solutions; - fix the topic of the lesson in a notebook; - observe and fix the observed processes (in writing and orally)	Personal: construction of logical reasoning Communicative : expressing one's thoughts, arguing one's opinions Regulatory : planning of successive actions
IV . Presentation of new material	Man created vehicles for ease of movement. Today we cannot even imagine our life. We are accustomed to using transport to travel to school, a store, a stadium, another city or country. For this there are different types transport. What types of transport do you know? Transport urban water air railway Now I suggest that you unite in groups of 2 people, and using the textbook material on page 39 What transport is called public Urban transport that carries passengers is called public (tram, trolleybus, bus and metro) Who do you think the passenger is? Let's define a passenger. This is the person who is in the vehicle, as well as entering or leaving it.	In the course of independent work with the textbook and students highlight the necessary information, write down the definition	Ability to express your opinion, listen to the opinions of others Performing training activities in accordance with the task (P). Ability to express one's opinion, listen to the opinions of others (K)
V .Fizkultminutka	Video	Perform physical education
VI .Practical work	Now I suggest that you unite in small groups of 2 people and consider the rules of conduct in public transport: Tell me guys, did any of you ride the subway?Are there rules of conduct in the subway?(Yes) What can you name them? Guys, we can also meet with dangerous situations in public transport. Let's read them in our textbook page 43 and find out what they can be.	— formation of safe work; -performing practical work using instruction cards.	Personal: mastering the norms and rules of labor organization; Development of diligence and responsibility for the quality of their activities Regulatory: the ability to apply the acquired knowledge in practice, to monitor the result, identify errors in the labor process and justify ways to correct them Cognitive: ability to understand concepts. Communicative interact with the teacher group.
VII .Fixing the material	I gave you sheets with a task where you need to choose the correct answer. If you agree with the statement, then put the number (1), if not (0). I will ask you to sign the names and answer them. Urban public transport follows a specific route and carries passengers. (one) On a special public transport stop sign, you can find out which stop will be next (0) While the bus is moving, try to hold on to the handrails (1) If the doors are locked, you need to sit and wait for the locked doors to be opened (0) In the event of a fire in the bus, you need to open all the windows and ventilate the bus interior (0)	- discuss - answer questions	Reasoning (L). Formulation of answers (P).
VIII . Reflection	Guys, now let's look at our scale and determine how much	They evaluate their activities in the lesson and the achieved learning outcomes.	Regulatory: evaluation of achieved results
IX .Homework	Make up your own rules for using the transport that you use most often.For homework, you can use a textbook, or an Internet source.	students listen and write down homework in diaries.	Personal :development and deepening of the needs and motives of educational and cognitive activity

Rules of conduct in trams, buses and trolleybuses

Trucks used to transport people are specially equipped with an awning, stairs for getting in and out, and seats in the body. If children are being transported, the truck must have a van body and the “Child Transportation” identification mark. Children must be accompanied by an adult. It is necessary to remember and observe a number of safety measures: Do not stand in the back while the truck is moving; You can not move from place to place while the truck is moving; Transportation of people, including schoolchildren, can be carried out by trucks. It is forbidden to get out of the truck towards the carriageway When going down the subway on the escalator: It is necessary to wait for the bus, trolleybus, tram only at the landing site, and if there is none, on the sidewalk or roadside. When boarding a tram, if the tram tracks are located in the middle of the street and you need to cross the carriageway to get to the tram stop, you need to inspect both sides of the road and, making sure that there is no moving traffic, head to the stopped tram. While waiting for a train on the platform: do not cross the boundary line; Boarding the transport is done through the front doors, and disembarking through the doors, which have the inscription "Exit". As a rule, boarding should be done through the rear doors, and disembarking through the front or through the doors, which have the inscription "Exit". To pay for travel in transport, magnetic stripe tickets and contactless smart cards are used that meet the requirements of international standards. After disembarking from public transport, when crossing the carriageway, you must be especially careful, given the heavy traffic. When exiting the tram and bus, if you need to cross the carriageway, it is safest to walk along the sidewalk to the nearest pedestrian crossing and cross the carriageway to the other side of the street. On a country road where there is no sign of a pedestrian crossing, you should wait for the bus to leave and, after making sure that it is possible to cross safely, cross the road. stand on the right, go on the left; you can not run up the steps of the escalator and sit on them. if you have something fallen on the rails, do not try to get this item yourself, contact the duty officer.
© Soshina Evgeniya Ivanovna, OBZh teacher 2015

Lesson Objectives

Consider the general obligations of the passenger, the rules of safe behavior in public transport to ensure personal safety

• Consider the types of public transport.
• Learn basic passenger safety rules.
• To form knowledge about dangerous situations in public transport.

Types of transport

railway

air

urban

WHAT IS PUBLIC TRANSPORT

public transport.

If a lot of people ride in a car, then such a car is called public transport.

If a lot of people ride in a car, then such a car is called public transport.

If a lot of people ride in a car, then such a car is called public transport.

Regular bus

Shuttle taxi

trolleybus

STOP IS AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE ROAD

You need to wait for a bus, trolleybus or tram only at stops - places marked with such signs as in the pictures. And where they are not - on the sidewalk. In rural areas, if there is no equipped stop, the bus is waiting on the side of the road.

REMEMBER!

At a bus stop, you should never stand at the edge of the sidewalk. You may be accidentally pushed, and you will find yourself under the wheels.

Passenger - face, in the vehicle, as well as entering and leaving it.

• A number of rules of conduct on the bus
• A number of Rules of conduct in trams, trolleybuses
• A number of rules of conduct when traveling by truck

dangerous situations

in transport

If you notice a fire in a bus, tram, trolleybus

• it is necessary to immediately inform the driver and passengers about the fire; demand to stop the transport and open the doors.
• When locking the doors for evacuation from the interior of the vehicle, it is necessary to use emergency hatches in the roof and exits through the side windows (if necessary, you can knock out the windows with your feet).
• When evacuating, do not panic and follow the instructions of the driver.
• In any transport there are materials that, when burned, emit toxic gases, so you must strive to leave the cabin quickly, but without panic, covering your mouth and nose with a handkerchief or sleeve.

In a trolleybus and tram, metal parts may be energized, therefore, when leaving the passenger compartment, it is better not to touch them.

To leave a tram or trolleybus in this case, you need to jump with a landing on both legs at the same time.

If a fire broke out

in the subway car

• immediately inform the intercom operator about this and follow his commands in the future.
• If an open fire appears in the car while the train is moving, try to extinguish it using the fire extinguishers available under the seats or improvised means.
• In no case do not try to stop the train in the tunnel with an emergency stop crane; stay where you are while the train moves through the tunnel. When a train stops in a tunnel, do not try to leave it without the driver's command.
• After permission to exit, open the doors or, if there is no other way out and your life is in mortal danger, kick out the windows with your feet, get out of the car and move in the direction indicated by the driver.
• Urban public transport follows a specific route and carries passengers.
• On a special public transport stop sign, you can find out which stop will be next
• While the bus is in motion, try to hold on to the handrails.
• If the doors are locked, you need to sit and wait for the locked doors to open
• In the event of a fire in the bus, you need to open all the windows and ventilate the bus interior
• Consider the types of public transport.
• Learn basic passenger safety rules.
• To form knowledge about dangerous situations in public transport.
• Make up your own rules for using the transport that you use most often

Often, getting behind the wheel, drivers and their passengers forget about such a measure of protection as a seat belt. The Code of Administrative Offenses provides for liability for driving a car by a driver not wearing a seat belt, as well as for transporting unfastened passengers in Article 12. 6, the sanction of which is an administrative fine in the amount of one thousand rubles. Traffic police rarely fine those who are not fastened, despite the deplorable statistics of injuries and deaths on the roads due to the lack of a seat belt.

Drivers:

So the rules traffic(2.1.2) expressly provide that the driver is obliged to make sure that all his passengers are fastened before driving. We draw attention to the fact that we are talking about the beginning of the movement, i.e. when the car starts to move, but do not forget about cases when another car crashes into a stationary vehicle at full speed. Of course, you should not bring your safety to the point of paranoia and buckle up while sitting in a car in nature, but in case you did forced stop on a busy highway - such a security measure will not hurt.

Passengers:

The passenger has one main duty when riding in a car - to buckle up. You can never be sure that the driver of the vehicle in which you are moving will not suddenly exceed the speed limit or fly into the oncoming lane. Situations on the roads are different and sometimes the most experienced driver can behave absolutely unpredictably in an accident.

For a child under the age of 12, the rule applies - he can be in the front passenger seat while driving, but only in a safety seat.

The most common myths about seat belts:

1) It is better to be thrown out of the car than not being able to quickly get out of the car at the time of the accident. The person who flies to windshield much less likely to stay alive than someone wearing a seatbelt. Judge for yourself, as a result of the impact, you can fly more than 20 meters, the possibility of a successful landing in this case is reduced to zero. Seat belts can protect you from significant injuries and most importantly from hitting your head on the windshield.

2) The seat belt may injure passengers during heavy braking. Yes this is true. Basically, injuries are associated with damage to the cervical spine, since during sudden braking the body moves forward by inertia. But this nature of such damage is negligible compared to those that can be obtained during an accident.

3) Due to the fastened seat belt, it will not be possible to get out of the burning car. It is likely that in the history of car accidents such a practice happened, but in cases of a strong blow and, as a result, loss of consciousness, one can hardly talk about getting out of the car at all.

4) A serious misconception that - passengers sitting in the rear seats may not be fastened, as they are protected by the front seats. Such passengers have the same risk of injury in an accident on a par with the driver, and in the case of a passenger sitting in the middle, such chances increase significantly. However, the seat in the middle is the safest in the car relative to other passenger seats, but this rule only applies when the seat belt is fastened. Modern cars are equipped with rear seat belts and must be used, especially when driving long distances.

Flight safety.

The safety of aircraft movement on the ground and in the air is the most important issue, not only for transport and military aviation, but also for private aviation. At all stages of the creation of the aircraft, the greatest attention is paid to the issues of ensuring flight safety. A closer look at the safety issue shows that many existing safety rules and regulations are outdated. If, instead of them, new rules are developed and put into practice that meet modern conditions, then this can be considered one of the greatest achievements of aviation since the first aircraft took off. Improving flight safety is the direct responsibility of aviation leaders and flight crews, who must combine their efforts to achieve maximum success in this area. Many believe that absolute flight safety is a thing that is practically impossible. This may be so, but nevertheless, we must strive to reduce the number of accidents, accidents and unnecessary casualties. In order for the aircraft to continue to be more firmly integrated into society, aviation leaders must feel their responsibility in this regard and must strive to make the universal desire for maximum flight safety a reality. Safety does not mean only protection. The performance, productivity and nature of relationships with staff and customers largely depend on it. A radical increase in transport security is the imperative of the times. As part of the administrative reform of the industry, a new structure was formed - the Federal Service for Supervision in the Sphere of Transport. In addition to control, its tasks include, in particular, coordination (together with law enforcement agencies) of the application of preventive measures aimed at ensuring security technical means and passengers in transport. Together with the Ministry of Transport of Russia, the service is developing a draft law "On Transport Security".

Passenger safety.

Before buying a ticket, most people want to know if the airline they are flying on is safe or not. However, this is very difficult to do based on accident statistics alone. Sometimes statistics show that safety does not always depend on the airline itself. Many factors have an impact on flight safety: the environment (difficult mountainous terrain, difficult weather conditions, powerful thunderstorm activity), the flight region, where frequent cases of aircraft hijackings, explosion attempts and other terrorist acts prevail. Nevertheless, there are integrated methods for assessing and rating airlines in terms of flight safety in the world. Every year, the world famous German company JACDEC conducts an in-depth study and publishes information on the 60 best airlines in terms of flight safety. For many years, the Australian airline Qantas has taken the first place. In second place is Finnair from Finland. On the 49th place is the Russian Aeroflot. Closes the list of the Turkish airline Turkish Airlines.

Passengers may be advised to fly with airlines that have passed, or are seeking to pass, the International Aviation Safety Audit of the International Air Transport Association IATA (IOSA IATA). In the CIS and Russia, the following airlines have passed such an audit: Aeroflot, Aeroflot-Don, Aerosvit (Ukraine), Air Astana (Kazakhstan), Armavia (Armenia), Belavia (Belarus), Moldovan Airlines, Air Moldova (Moldova), Ural Airlines, Azal (Azerbaijan), Russia, S7, Sky Express, Transaero, Ukraine International Airlines (UIA), Uzbekistan Airways Yullari ”, UTair, Vladivostok-Avia, cargo airline Volga-Dnepr.

During the flight

You need to know a few simple things and do them:

· Always listen very carefully to the information of the flight attendant, watch the video demonstration on flight safety.

· Carefully read the Passenger Safety Card (available on all aircraft). All this is intended not only to point out important aspects. All this is designed to make you a more competent passenger in a short time. And most importantly, to make you feel more confident, because the information you receive will increase your chances of surviving a rescue in an emergency.

· Be sure to know the emergency exit closest to your seat, where the life jacket is located, how it is pressurized, how to put on an oxygen mask in case of aircraft depressurization.

· Always wear your seat belt when in flight. In aviation, there is a concept - "clear air turbulence", which occurs unexpectedly and can lead to serious injury.

· If possible, it is necessary to fly non-stop flights, since most aviation events occur at the stage of takeoff, climb, descent, approach, landing. Non-stop flights reduce the chance of being caught in these events.

· It is necessary to choose large planes - they are safer than small ones.

· Do not place heavy items in the overhead compartment for carry-on luggage. There are many examples of serious injuries to passengers in severe turbulence.

· Do not bring hazardous materials with you. There is a rather long list of hazardous materials that are not allowed, but common sense should tell you that you should not bring gasoline, corrosive, poisonous gases, etc.

· Never drink alcohol on the plane. In the cockpit, you seem to be constantly at an altitude of 3500-4000 meters, so the effect of alcohol will be much stronger than at sea level. Remember, the drunk will not be saved.

· And the last. Even if an aircraft accident occurs, don't be fatalists. Save yourself, statistics show that active passengers survive. Passive - perish.

Transport children only in child restraints.

The rules of the road establish that: “The transportation of children is allowed provided that their safety is ensured, taking into account the design features of the vehicle. Transportation of children under 12 years of age in vehicles equipped with seat belts must be carried out using child restraints appropriate for the weight and height of the child, or other means that allow the child to be fastened using seat belts provided for by the design of the vehicle, and on front seat passenger car- only with the use of child restraints ”(clause 22.9 of the Rules of the Road).

Be sure to buckle up.

Seat belts must be worn by both the driver and passengers.. A simple example: if a person is not wearing a seatbelt, a collision at a speed of only 50 km / h is equivalent to falling from the third floor for him. The belt reduces this speed to 7 km/h.
The driver is obliged to insist that all passengers buckle up: both those sitting in the front seat and those sitting in the rear seats. Because the unbelted passenger back seat endangers not only himself, but also other passengers. It must be understood that the belt protects not only in frontal collisions of vehicles, but also in other types of accidents, such as rollovers. Staying in place in the cabin during an accident is already in many ways staying alive. After all, 75 percent of those who are thrown out of the car die. In general, the use of a belt reduces the risk of death or serious injury.

The belt must be fastened correctly.

The belt, besides the fact that it must be fastened, must be fastened correctly. That's right - it's like this: the belt is located along the chest, closer to the neck. This is important because the shoulder and chest part of the body takes the brunt of the impact. The lower part of the belt holds the pelvis, and in no case the stomach, so the belt should go around the hips. After fastening the belt, be sure to tighten it. The belt should be placed as close to the body as possible.

We ourselves must take the first step to reduce injuries and deaths on the road. Buckle up yourself, put your child in a properly installed child seat. The use of seat belts several times reduces the severity of the consequences of an accident and saves you from serious injuries. In a collision at high speed, an unbelted driver is first thrown with his chest on the steering wheel, and in the next fractions of a second - with his head in the windshield. When hitting the steering wheel, the usual consequences are injury chest, often with fractures of the ribs and sternum, not to mention extensive hematomas ... But this is not the worst thing. There is a considerable risk of getting a lung injury, worse than that, a heart injury, which is equated by doctors with a myocardial infarction. It can be fatal, and not immediately, but several months after the accident. In addition, it is possible that a blow to the lower part of the steering wheel, hitting the solar plexus, will cause an instant reflex cardiac arrest. Unfastened drivers and passengers, thrown by inertia into the windshield, suffer no less terribly. Characteristic “cobwebs” remain on the glass at the points of collision - approximately the same effect will be if you hit it with a hammer. You can imagine how much worse it is for the head. At a minimum, concussion and hematomas, but most often such accidents result in open or closed head injuries, damage to the eyes and hearing organs, and severe cuts to the face. The consequences are even more serious when those sitting in the car during an accident are thrown through the windshield onto the hood.

It is enough to buckle up - and in many cases you can avoid serious harm to your health.