Active Edition from 08.06.1995

"HIGHWAYS. BUILDING NORMS AND RULES. SNiP 2.05.02-85" (approved by Decree of the USSR State Construction Committee of 12.17.85 N 233) (as amended of 06.08.95)

CROSSINGS AND CONNECTIONS OF ROADS

5.1. Intersections and junctions highways, as a rule, should be located on free areas and on straight sections of intersecting or adjacent roads.

Longitudinal slopes of roads at the approaches to intersections over the visibility distances for stopping a car (according to Table 10) should not exceed 40 ‰.

5.2. Road crossings and junctions in different levels(traffic interchanges) should be taken, as a rule, in the following cases:

at the intersections of category III roads with each other and their junctions with the prospective traffic intensity at the intersection (in total for both intersecting or adjoining roads) of more than 8000 pref. units/day

Interchanges should be designed in such a way that there are no left turns on roads of categories I and II, as well as entrances and exits with left turns, at which flows of the main directions of traffic would intersect at the same level.

Note. On the roads I-b and II categories, with an appropriate feasibility study, it is allowed to arrange junctions of roads of category III at the same level (with the obligatory removal of left-turn directions of traffic).

5.3. Pedestrian crossings at different levels (underground or elevated) across roads of categories I-b and II should be designed with a pedestrian traffic intensity of 100 people / hour or more - for roads I-b category and 250 people/hour and more - for category II roads. Pedestrian barriers should be provided at the locations of such crossings.

5.4. The number of intersections and junctions on motor roads of categories I - III should be as small as possible. Intersections and junctions on roads I-a categories outside settlements should be provided, as a rule, no more than after 10 km, on roads of categories I-b and II - 5 km, and on roads of category III - 2 km.

5.5. All exits and entrances on the approaches to roads of categories I - III must have coatings:

With sandy, sandy and light loamy soils - over 100 m;

with chernozems, clayey, heavy and silty loamy soils - 200 m.

The length of the pavement of entrances to roads of the IV category should be provided for 2 times less than the entrances to the roads of I-III categories.

Shoulders at exits and entrances at the length specified in this paragraph should be strengthened to a width of at least 0.5 - 0.75 m.

5.6. Field roads and cattle passes at the intersection with roads of categories I-III should be allocated for the nearest artificial structures with their appropriate arrangement.

In the absence of such structures on road sections longer than 2 km, if necessary, their arrangement should be provided.

The dimensions of artificial structures for field roads and cattle passes, in the absence of special requirements of interested organizations, should be taken from Table. 17.

Table 17

5.7. Traffic decoupling schemes at intersections and junctions at the same level with islands and safety zones should be adopted with a total prospective traffic intensity of 2000 to 8000 pref. units/day

Simple intersections and junctions in the same level should be designed with a total prospective traffic intensity of less than 2000 pref. units/day

Roundabouts at the same level are allowed to be designed in cases where the traffic on the intersecting roads is the same or differ by no more than 20%, and the number of cars of left-turn flows is at least 40% on both intersecting roads.

5.8. Allocation of traffic lanes on the main roads by guide islands without elevation above carriageway should be provided in the form of a marking of the corresponding zones.

5.9. Crossings and junctions of roads on the same level, regardless of the intersection scheme, are recommended to be carried out at a right angle or close to it. In cases where traffic flows do not intersect, but branch or merge, it is allowed to arrange road intersections at any angle, taking into account visibility.

5.10. The smallest radius of curves at road junctions at intersections or junctions at the same level should be taken according to the category of the road from which the exit occurs, regardless of the angle of intersection and junction: at exits from roads of categories I, II, at least 25 m, from roads of category III - 20 m and from roads IV, V categories - 15 m.

When calculating for the regular movement of road trains (more than 25% of the flow), the radii of curves at the exits should be increased to 30 m.

Pairing roads in the same level should be performed using transition curves.

5.11. At the intersections and junctions of highways at the same level, visibility of the crossing or adjacent direction should be provided for the distance indicated in Table. ten.

The location of the abutments on the sections of convex curves in the longitudinal profile and with inside rounding in the plan is allowed only in exceptional cases.

5.12. In order to reduce the total area of ​​their placement, the elements of the connecting branches of transport interchanges should be designed based on the variable speed of movement.

Right-turn exits at intersections in different conditions should be designed on the basis of ensuring design speeds on them of at least 60 km / h for exits from roads of categories I and II and at least 50 km / h - from roads of category III, and with sharp corners road junctions should be made in a single curve without direct inserts. Conjugations using inverse curves are allowed only in exceptional cases.

The radii of curved left-turn ramps of intersections and junctions with elements of traffic interchanges of the "cloverleaf" type should be taken equal to at least 60 m for roads of categories I and II and at least 50 m for roads of category III. Left turn ramps must be connected to sections of straight lines through transition curves.

Note. In particularly cramped conditions, when crossing or adjoining highways of categories IV and V, it is allowed to arrange "compressed" traffic interchanges (of the "clover leaf" type) with a decrease in the radii of left-turn exits to 30 m.

Road exits of categories I - III and entrances to them should be carried out with the device of transitional speed lanes in accordance with paragraphs. 5.22 - 5.26.

5.13. The width of the carriageway along the entire length of the left-turn exits of intersections and junctions at different levels should be taken as 5.5 m, and the right-turn exits - 5.0 m without additional widening on curves.

The width of the shoulders on the inside of the roundings must be at least 1.5 m, on the outside - 3 m.

Shoulders across the entire width must be covered with materials specified in paragraph 7.53.

Longitudinal slopes at congresses should be taken no more than 40 ‰. On one-lane exits, turns with a transverse slope of 20 - 60 ‰ should be provided, taking into account the general guidelines for their design.

The minimum radii of convex curves in the longitudinal profile at the exits should be taken in accordance with the design speeds according to Table. ten.

Two-lane exits should be designed for roads of category I on the condition that each lane has a width of 3.75 m, and widening on curves should be provided in accordance with Table nine.

5.14. Overpasses of transport interchanges across roads of all categories should be designed according to SNiP 2.05.03-84.

When assigning the approximation of structures, the possibility of a prospective development of the road should be taken into account.

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ROADS - CONSTRUCTION NORMS AND REGULATIONS - SNiP 2-05-02-85 (approved by the Decree of the USSR State Construction Committee dated 17-12-85 233) (ed ... Relevant in 2017

CROSSINGS AND CONNECTIONS OF ROADS

5.1. Intersections and junctions of motor roads, as a rule, should be located on free areas and on straight sections of intersecting or adjacent roads.

Longitudinal slopes of roads at the approaches to intersections over the visibility distances for stopping a car (according to Table 10) should not exceed 40 ‰.

5.2. Crossings of highways and junctions at different levels (traffic interchanges) should be accepted, as a rule, in the following cases:

at the intersections of category III roads with each other and their junctions with the prospective traffic intensity at the intersection (in total for both intersecting or adjoining roads) of more than 8000 pref. units/day

Interchanges should be designed in such a way that there are no left turns on roads of categories I and II, as well as entrances and exits with left turns, at which flows of the main directions of traffic would intersect at the same level.

Note. On roads of I-b and II categories, with an appropriate feasibility study, it is allowed to arrange junctions of roads of category III at the same level (with the obligatory removal of left-turn directions of traffic).

5.3. Pedestrian crossings at different levels (underground or elevated) across roads of I-b and II categories should be designed at a pedestrian traffic intensity of 100 people / hour or more - for category I-b roads and 250 people / hour or more - for category II roads. Pedestrian barriers should be provided at the locations of such crossings.

5.4. The number of intersections and junctions on motor roads of categories I - III should be as small as possible. Road crossings and junctions Category I outside settlements, it should be provided, as a rule, no more than 10 km, on roads of categories I-b and II - 5 km, and on roads of category III - 2 km.

5.5. All exits and entrances on the approaches to roads of categories I - III must have coatings:

With sandy, sandy and light loamy soils - over 100 m;

with chernozems, clayey, heavy and silty loamy soils - 200 m.

The length of the pavement of entrances to roads of the IV category should be provided for 2 times less than the entrances to the roads of I-III categories.

Shoulders at exits and entrances at the length specified in this paragraph should be strengthened to a width of at least 0.5 - 0.75 m.

5.6. Field roads and cattle passes at the intersection with roads of categories I-III should be allocated for the nearest artificial structures with their appropriate arrangement.

In the absence of such structures on road sections longer than 2 km, if necessary, their arrangement should be provided.

The dimensions of artificial structures for field roads and cattle passes, in the absence of special requirements of interested organizations, should be taken from Table. 17.

Table 17

5.7. Traffic decoupling schemes at intersections and junctions at the same level with islands and safety zones should be adopted with a total prospective traffic intensity of 2000 to 8000 pref. units/day

Simple intersections and junctions in the same level should be designed with a total prospective traffic intensity of less than 2000 pref. units/day

Roundabouts at the same level are allowed to be designed in cases where the traffic on the intersecting roads is the same or differ by no more than 20%, and the number of cars of left-turn flows is at least 40% on both intersecting roads.

5.8. The allocation of traffic lanes on the main roads by guide islands without elevation above the carriageway should be provided in the form of marking the corresponding zones.

5.9. Crossings and junctions of roads on the same level, regardless of the intersection scheme, are recommended to be carried out at a right angle or close to it. In cases where traffic flows do not intersect, but branch or merge, it is allowed to arrange road intersections at any angle, taking into account visibility.

5.10. The smallest radius of curves at road junctions at intersections or junctions at the same level should be taken according to the category of the road from which the exit occurs, regardless of the angle of intersection and junction: at exits from roads of categories I, II, at least 25 m, from roads of category III - 20 m and from roads IV, V categories - 15 m.

When calculating for the regular movement of road trains (more than 25% of the flow), the radii of curves at the exits should be increased to 30 m.

Pairing roads in the same level should be performed using transition curves.

5.11. At the intersections and junctions of highways at the same level, visibility of the crossing or adjacent direction should be provided for the distance indicated in Table. ten.

The location of abutments on sections of convex curves in the longitudinal profile and on the inside of the roundings in the plan is allowed only in exceptional cases.

5.12. In order to reduce the total area of ​​their placement, the elements of the connecting branches of transport interchanges should be designed based on the variable speed of movement.

Right-turn exits at intersections in different conditions should be designed on the basis of ensuring design speeds on them of at least 60 km / h for exits from roads of categories I and II and at least 50 km / h - from roads of category III, and at sharp junction angles of roads their should be done in a single curve without straight inserts. Conjugations using inverse curves are allowed only in exceptional cases.

The radii of curved left-turn ramps of intersections and junctions with elements of traffic interchanges of the "cloverleaf" type should be taken equal to at least 60 m for roads of categories I and II and at least 50 m for roads of category III. Left turn ramps must be connected to sections of straight lines through transition curves.

Note. In particularly cramped conditions, when crossing or adjoining highways of categories IV and V, it is allowed to arrange "compressed" traffic interchanges (of the "clover leaf" type) with a decrease in the radii of left-turn exits to 30 m.

Road exits of categories I - III and entrances to them should be carried out with the device of transitional speed lanes in accordance with paragraphs. 5.22 - 5.26.

5.13. The width of the carriageway along the entire length of the left-turn exits of intersections and junctions at different levels should be taken as 5.5 m, and the right-turn exits - 5.0 m without additional widening on curves.

The width of the shoulders on the inside of the roundings must be at least 1.5 m, on the outside - 3 m.

Shoulders across the entire width must be covered with materials specified in paragraph 7.53.

Longitudinal slopes at congresses should be taken no more than 40 ‰. On one-lane exits, turns with a transverse slope of 20 - 60 ‰ should be provided, taking into account the general guidelines for their design.

The minimum radii of convex curves in the longitudinal profile at the exits should be taken in accordance with the design speeds according to Table. ten.

Two-lane exits should be designed for roads of category I on the condition that each lane has a width of 3.75 m, and widening on curves should be provided in accordance with Table nine.

5.14. Overpasses of transport interchanges across roads of all categories should be designed according to SNiP 2.05.03-84.

When assigning the approximation of structures, the possibility of a prospective development of the road should be taken into account.

Integral elements road network are intersections and junctions of roads in the same level.

Intersections and junctions of highways at the same level are designed on roads of category I-b with roads of categories IV, V, with the obligatory driving off of left-turn directions of traffic. On roads II, III, IV categories with a total prospective intensity in the node from 2000 to 8000 pref. units/day apply intersection patterns at the same level with guide islands on the main and secondary roads and a lane for left-turn traffic on the main road in the general road network.

Simple junctions and intersections at the same level should be designed on roads of IV, V categories with a total traffic intensity of less than 2000 pref. units/day

1 General provisions for the design of intersections and junctions in

one level.

A road intersection is a junction where several roads converge. The main requirements for intersecting roads are to ensure traffic safety with the least loss of time within the intersection. Crossings and junctions, roads in the same level are recommended to be performed at a right angle or close to it.

Timely visibility of the intersection from all entrances is necessary for rebuilding, turning, for the release of vehicles with the right of way, braking. It is achieved by the location of the intersection on sections of concave vertical curves of intersecting roads, clear information using signs. Knots with extensions are arranged to increase throughput and speed on the main road. Crossing lanes allow you to increase the width of the carriageway gradually at turning ramps. Knots with guide islands are widely used. The outline of the location of the islands is determined by the traffic pattern. Intersections and junctions of roads at the same level should be located on rectangular sections of intersecting roads in free areas. Longitudinal slopes of roads on the approaches to the intersection over the estimated visibility distances, depending on the estimated speed, should not exceed 40 ‰. At the intersections of highways, the traffic intensity is equal to the sum of the intensity of the intersecting roads. When cars move on the intersection section, interference is created when turning individual cars: 16 intersection points, 8 branch points and 8 traffic mergers. At these points, called dangerous, a collision of cars is possible. The greater the intensity at the intersection, the higher the risk of collision between cars.

Figure 1.1 - Vehicle trajectories at intersections in one level

When choosing the type of intersections and junctions in one level, a standard project 503-0-51.89 "Intersections and junctions, roads in one level" is used.

2 Types of intersections and junctions, roads in one level

Crossings and junctions in one level can be canalized, simple and circular.

The choice of the type of intersections and junctions in one level is made taking into account the categories of roads suitable for the corner, the total prospective traffic intensity, the presence of free territory, the distribution of traffic between the straight direction, left and right turns.

Traffic safety is ensured by the visibility of the intersection area, good visibility. The visibility distance is provided for the corresponding category of the crossed road. On intersecting roads, vertical convex curves are not recommended, as this reduces the visibility of the intersection.

Ring junction crossings are used when the intensity of traffic on intersecting roads differs by no more than 20%, and for left-turning vehicles by less than 40%.