Rosehip (lat. Rosea)- a genus of plants of the Rosaceae family, which has many cultural forms called Rosa. According to various sources, there are from 400 to 500 species of wild rose and up to 50,000 of its cultivars and hybrids. Herodotus, Theophrastus and Pliny wrote about the species diversity of the plant. In the Renaissance, the classification of rose hips was reduced to the division into wild and cultivated species according to the number of petals in flowers, but Carl Linnaeus already drew attention to the difficulties of classification due to the hybridization of roses. Today, no one can say for sure how many types of wild rose exist in nature. Rose hips are common in the subtropical and temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere, but sometimes its representatives are also found in areas with a tropical climate. Rose hips grow singly or in groups in coniferous undergrowth and on the edges of deciduous and mixed forests, in woodlands, along springs and rivers, in wet meadows, clay and rocky shores, on plains and at an altitude of up to 2200 m above sea level.
Planting and caring for wild rose
- Bloom: in May-June from one to three weeks.
- Landing: best in October-November, but also possible in spring.
- Lighting: bright sunlight.
- The soil: fertile, well-drained, in areas with deep groundwater.
- Watering: the first year - frequent and plentiful, later - 3-4 times per season with a water consumption of 2-3 buckets for each bush.
- Top dressing: from the second year of life, nitrogen fertilizers are applied to the trunk circle: in early spring, in June-July and in September. In spring or autumn, 3-4 kg of humus or compost should be applied under each bush.
- Pruning: from the age of three in early spring, until the buds have blossomed, they carry out sanitary and formative pruning.
- Reproduction: seeds, root suckers.
- Pests: sawflies, aphids, leafhoppers (slobbering pennits), spider mites, leafworms, bronze beetles and deer beetles.
- Diseases: powdery mildew, black spot, rust, chlorosis and downy mildew.
- Properties: is a medicinal plant, the fruits of which are used as a tonic, tonic, increasing the body's resistance to infectious diseases and weakening the development of atherosclerosis.
Read more about growing rose hips below.
Rosehip bush - description
Wild rose is a deciduous, and sometimes evergreen shrub with climbing, creeping or erect stems 15 cm to 10 m high (or long). Usually rose hips are multi-stemmed shrubs up to 2-3 m tall, surviving up to 30-50 years. The oldest rose grows in Germany: according to various estimates, its age is from 400 to 1000 years, the girth of its trunk is about 50 cm, and this plant is 13 m high.
The root system of wild roses is pivotal. The main rose hip root penetrates the ground to a depth of 5 m, but the bulk of the roots lie at least 40 cm within a radius of 60-80 cm from the bush. The branches of wild roses are erect and arcuate. They form numerous branched shoots: dark brown, dark red, purple-brown, brown-red, black-brown or gray with felt pubescence. Thorns on shoots and branches are scattered or in pairs. The younger the shoots, the softer and thinner the thorns on them. There are also thornless species, for example, wild rose hips. The thorns serve to protect the plant from being eaten by animals, as well as to hold the branches among other plants.
Long-petiolate, odd-pinnate rosehip leaves, reddish, bluish or green, arranged spirally on the shoots. Cultivated species of wild rose usually have five leaves, while wild ones have seven or nine. The shape of hard, leathery, smooth or wrinkled leaves can be round or elliptical, their base is rounded, heart-shaped or wedge-shaped. The edges of the leaflets are serrated, serrate-crenate or doubly serrate.
Rosehip flowers, bisexual, from 1.5 to 10 cm in diameter, solitary or collected in corymbs and panicles, have a pleasant aroma, although there are species with an unpleasant odor, for example, fetid wild rose. The corolla of the flower is five-petal, sometimes four-petal or semi-double, yellow, white, cream, pink or red. Flowering begins in May-June and lasts from one to three weeks.
Rose hips begin to bear fruit at the age of two or three. Rose hips - a special form of polynuts (tsinarodiya) 1-1.5 cm in diameter, orange, red, purple, and sometimes black, naked or covered with bristles, coarsely hairy inside, filled with numerous one-seeded nuts - ripen in August or September.
Planting wild rose in open ground
When to plant rose hips in the ground
Rosehip seedlings take root better during autumn planting, so they are planted in October or November, but if necessary, you can plant a plant in the spring. Rosehip prefers well-lit places on hills. Since the roots of the wild rose penetrate the ground to a great depth, in low-lying, saline or swampy areas, as well as where groundwater lies close to the surface, it will quickly wither. Acidic soils should be limed a year before planting rose hips.
Rose hips are attractive both in solo and group plantings. A rosehip bush can disguise a compost heap or an unprepossessing outbuilding. A prickly plant is also planted along the border of a personal plot. Since rosehip is a cross-pollinated plant, its bushes should be located close to each other.
How to plant a wild rose
The best planting material is two-year-old rosehip seedlings, in which the main roots are shortened to 25 cm before planting, and the shoots are cut at a height of 10 cm.
The planting pit for wild rose in pre-fertilized soil should be about 30 cm in diameter and depth, but if the site was not prepared for planting, then the pits are made wider (50-80 cm) and deeper (40-50 cm) in order to fill them with planting soil mixed with humus (10 kg per plant) with the addition of 150-200 g of superphosphate, 30-50 g of potassium salt and 60-70 g of ammonium nitrate. If you are planting wild rose for a hedge, then the distance between the bushes should be 50 cm. In other cases, it is better to keep a distance of about 1 m. For normal pollination, it is advisable to plant bushes of at least three different varieties on the site.
The root system of the seedling is immersed in a clay mash, then lowered into the pit so that the root neck is 5-8 cm below the surface, and the pit is covered with fertile fertilized soil. After planting, the surface is lightly tamped, 8-10 liters of water are poured under the seedling, and after the water is absorbed, the area around the seedling is mulched with humus, sawdust or peat chips.
Rosehip care in the garden
How to grow a wild rose
The first year after planting, the plant needs frequent and abundant watering. In general, the wild rose culture is drought-resistant and does not require constant moisture, it is enough to pour 2-3 buckets of water under a young bush in hot, dry weather, and about 5 buckets under a fruit-bearing bush. During the season, rose hips are watered only 3-4 times.
For normal growth and development from the second year of life, nitrogen fertilizers must be applied under the wild rose. The first top dressing is carried out in early spring, the second - in June-July, during the rapid growth of shoots, and the third - in September. In the future, every three years, at least 3 kg of humus or compost should be applied under each bush. After each top dressing, the soil under the bush should be watered and loosened, and then mulched.
From the age of three, they begin to cut the dogrose, removing diseased, weak or shrunken shoots, and shortening annual growths to 170-180 cm. At the age of five, the bush should consist of 15-20 branches of different ages, evenly spaced from each other. Branches that have reached the age of seven must be replaced. Pruning is carried out in early spring, before the start of sap flow, since the rosehip does not tolerate autumn pruning well. Do not get too carried away with shortening the shoots, otherwise next year you will get a lot of young shoots, which, alas, will not bear fruit.
Because of its prickly thorns, you need to collect rose hips in durable clothes and thick mittens. The fruits begin to ripen in August, and this process continues until mid-October, so harvesting at one time will not work. The last fruits must be removed from the bush before the start of frost, otherwise they may lose their properties.
Rosehip transplant
Sometimes it becomes necessary to transplant the wild rose to another place. The reason may be impoverished soil or initially the wrong choice of location for the plant. It is better to transplant wild rose in the spring or in October-November. Prepare a hole and fertile soil for the plant in advance. Having chosen a cloudy day, carefully dig a bush, loosen the ground, pull out the plant along with an earthen clod, trying not to damage the roots, and immediately move it to a new hole: rosehip roots do not tolerate heat well, so the longer they are on the surface, the less likely it is, that the bush will successfully take root.
Sometimes readers ask if it is possible to transplant a flowering wild rose. Experienced gardeners do not recommend doing this: rose hips are transplanted either before the start of sap flow or after it is completed.
Rosehip breeding
For seed propagation of wild rose, seeds are harvested from unripe brown fruits in August, while the seed coat has not yet hardened. Seeds are sown in autumn, in October, directly into the ground, the grooves are sprinkled with humus and sawdust. In early spring, a frame is installed over the crops and a plastic film is pulled over it so that the seeds germinate faster. When the seedlings have a pair of true leaves, they can be seated.
For spring sowing, it is advisable to stratify the seeds, that is, mix them with peat or river sand and place in the refrigerator at a temperature of 2-3 ºC, taking out and stirring from time to time.
If you want to be sure to preserve the signs of the mother plant, use the method of propagating wild rose by root offspring. For this purpose, in spring or autumn, you need to choose an offspring 25-40 cm high, separate it from the bush with a shovel and plant it. It is possible, without separating the offspring, to spud it high, water it and periodically pour earth under it: adventitious roots are formed in the offspring, and next year, in the fall, it can be separated from the mother bush, and next spring carefully dig and transplant to a new place.
Pests and diseases of wild rose
sawfly larvae descending and white-girdle bite into the young shoots of wild rose and make passages up to 4 cm long inside them, which makes the shoots darken and dry. Destroy the larvae with pesticides and insecticides. In autumn, the soil around the bushes is dug up so that the sawfly caterpillars are on the surface and freeze, and the affected shoots are cut and burned until the larvae emerge from them.
Caterpillars of fruit and three types of rose leaf damage young leaves and shoots of wild rose. With a small number of them, it is better to collect the caterpillars with your hands. In the spring, before bud break, the wild rose is treated with a pesticide solution.
Spider mites- sucking insects that feed on the cell sap of the leaves and shoots of wild rose. In addition, they, like aphids, carry incurable viral diseases. Ticks start up on plants during a protracted drought, especially if you are in no hurry to water the wild rose. You can try to expel the mites by spraying the underside of the leaves 3-4 times a day with cold water, and they can only be destroyed with acaricidal preparations.
slobber penny located on the underside of the leaves and in their axils, sucking the juices from the plant and releasing a foamy substance. When touched by a pest, it quickly jumps out of the foam and hides. The fight against pennitsa is carried out with a solution of an insecticidal preparation.
pink cicada, giving 2-3 generations in a season, causes great harm to wild rose: the leaves of the plant become covered with white dots, become like marble, lose their decorative effect, then turn yellow and fall prematurely. Pests can be destroyed by two or three treatments of the wild rose and the surrounding area with an insecticidal preparation with an interval of 10-12 days.
rose aphid settles on the plant in large colonies located on the underside of the leaves, peduncles and buds. Aphids, like spider mites, suck juices from plants and infect them with viral diseases. In one year, aphids can give more than 10 generations. In order to prevent the emergence and spread of a dangerous pest, in early spring, the wild rose is treated with a contact insecticide. Subsequently, preparations such as Karbofos, Actellik, Rogor, Antio and the like are used to treat bushes.
Deer beetles and bronzovka they eat out stamens and pistils in rosehip flowers, eat petals. Plants with light flowers suffer the most from them. Beetles are collected in the early morning, while they sit motionless on the flowers. After collection, the pests are destroyed.
Of the diseases, rose hips most often affect powdery mildew, black spot, rust, chlorosis and peronosporosis.
What is powdery mildew you can read in a detailed article posted on our website. In the fight against powdery mildew, a one percent suspension of colloidal sulfur and other fungicidal preparations are used. Rosehip resistance to powdery mildew and other diseases is increased by potash fertilizers.
black spot manifests itself as black-brown spots on the leaves and petioles of wild rose in the second half of summer. With severe damage, the leaves darken, dry and fall off. To stop the development of the disease, cut off the diseased shoots, tear off and burn the affected leaves, and dig the soil around the bushes with a layer turnover. Treat rose hips with insecticides in autumn and spring.
Rust looks like a dusty mass of spores and small orange-yellow pads on the underside of the leaves. With the development of the disease, the leaves of the plant dry out, and the flowers, shoots and stems are deformed. The diseased parts of the wild rose must be removed and burned, the soil under the bush should be dug up, and before shelter for the winter, the bush is sprayed with copper sulphate or any other copper-containing preparation. During the growing season, wild rose is treated with a copper-soap solution.
due to chlorosis white or yellow spots appear on rosehip leaves. The reason for this phenomenon lies in the deficiency of magnesium, boron, zinc, manganese, iron or other elements necessary for the plant. For example, from a lack of iron, chlorotic coloration appears throughout the leaf, except for large veins, and the lesion begins with young apical leaves. If the soil lacks zinc, then chlorosis spreads along the edge of the leaves, and along the central and lateral veins, the leaf remains green. From a lack of magnesium, the leaves turn yellow and die, but the veins remain green. Boron deficiency causes thickening of the tissue of young leaves, in addition, they become pale and brittle. Determine the cause of chlorosis and add the necessary element to the soil. You can treat the rosehip with a solution of trace elements on the leaves.
Peronosporosis, or downy mildew, is one of the most dangerous diseases. We dedicated a separate article to it, which you can read on the website. The disease develops in hot rainy weather. It is necessary to fight it with fungicidal preparations and agricultural practices.
Types and varieties of wild rose
Currently, the rosehip classification is used, dividing the genus into four subgenera: three of them are very small, consisting of 1-2 species that stand out from the general system, and the fourth is the Rosa subgenus, containing 10 sections and 135 species. We offer you an acquaintance with the most common types and varieties of wild rose in horticultural culture.
Rosehip alpine (Rosa alpina)
or drooping wild rose (Rosa pendulina) grows in the mountains of central Europe and is a shrub no more than 1 m high, devoid of thorns. It has bright and large flowers on long pedicels that droop immediately after the petals fall, and long dark red spindle-shaped fruits hanging on the bush like earrings. Both pedicels and fruits are covered with long glandular bristles, giving the plant a unique look.
Rosehip May (Rosa cinnamomea)
or rosehip cinnamon (Rosa majalis) - the most common type of wild rose for Ukraine and the European part of Russia, covered in May-June with large pale and bright pink flowers. This wild rose is very variable: it can reach a height of 2.5-3 m, and can grow up to only 1 m, forming sparse thickets that occupy large areas. A characteristic feature of the species are thin paired thorns on flowering shoots and stems densely covered with small needle-like thorns. In group plantings, the terry frost-resistant form of the species with purple-pink flowers looks spectacular.
Rose hips (Rosa acicularis)
grows singly or in groups in the northern regions of Europe, Asia and America and is a shrub 1-2 m high with arcuate bristles and shoots densely covered with a large number of thin numerous thorns. The flowers of this species are large, pink or dark pink, single or collected in 2-3 pieces. The fruits are red, oblong. The species is frost-resistant, adapts well to urban conditions, relatively shade-tolerant, suitable for hedges and as a rootstock for cultivars.
Rosehip wrinkled (Rosa rugosa)
or wild rose rugosa grows in Korea, Northern China and the Far East in thickets on sea coasts and coastal meadows and is a shrub up to 2.5 m high with strongly wrinkled, sometimes glossy leaves, consisting of 5-9 leaflets with gray-green pubescence on the underside . Single or collected in inflorescences of 3-8 pieces, fragrant flowers from 6 to 12 cm in diameter, depending on the variety, can be simple or double with the number of white or pink petals from 5 to 150. This wild rose blooms all summer, so you can see buds, flowers, and fruits at the same time. The most famous varieties of this species are:
- Pink Grootendorst- a shrub 1.5 m high with a pyramidal spreading crown, shiny wrinkled light green leaves and pale pink densely double flowers 3-4 cm in diameter with petals carved along the edges. The inflorescences of this variety are similar to bouquets of carnations;
- Grootendorst Supreme- a variety with dark crimson double flowers;
- Conrad Ferdinand Meyer- a variety that blooms twice a season with densely double, bright, silver-pink fragrant flowers;
- Hanza- a bush with fragrant reddish-purple double flowers with a diameter of 8-10 cm;
- Agnes- wild rose with fragrant creamy-yellow double flowers with a diameter of 7-8 cm with a darker middle;
- Georges Ken- a bush with very fragrant, large cupped semi-double flowers of dark red color.
Rose hips (Rosa spinosissima)
or rose hip (Rosa pimpinellifolia) grows in the Crimea, the Caucasus, Western Europe, Eastern and Western Siberia, Central Asia and the European part of Russia on forest edges and glades, in hollows, on lime deposits and in forests. This is a small but very prickly shrub with thin thorns not only on the shoots, but also on the petioles of the leaves, with small graceful foliage, green in summer and purple in autumn, with solitary white or yellowish flowers up to 5 cm in diameter and spherical black fruits up to 5 cm in diameter. 1.5 cm. The species has many cultural variations and forms, it is frost-resistant, not very demanding on the soil, and adapts well to urban conditions. The best varieties of the species are:
- Golden Wings- bush 1.5-1.8 m high with simple or semi-double pale yellow flowers 5-6 cm in diameter;
- Frühlingsdaft- a plant up to 2 m high with fragrant peach flowers, single or in inflorescences, and red-brown spiny shoots;
- Fryulingsmorgen- a variety with pale yellow simple but fragrant flowers with pink edging of the petals;
- Karl Foerster- a variety with large white double flowers with a high center and a subtle aroma;
- Prairie Yurs- a variety with pale pink large semi-double flowers;
- Schloss Seutlitz- a plant with yellowish-cream semi-double flowers with a diameter of 7-8 cm with a weak aroma.
Dog rosehip (Rosa canina)
or wild rose native to Southern and Central Europe, Western Asia and North Africa, where it grows in small groups or singly in bushes, along ravines, river banks and forest edges. This shrub reaches a height of 3 m. It has sprawling arched branches with powerful, curved thorns, small leaves consisting of 5-7 greenish or bluish, serrate leaflets along the edges, pale pink flowers up to 5 cm in diameter, collected in many-flowered inflorescences, and smooth elongated oval or round fruits of bright red color up to 2 cm in diameter. This species has an average winter hardiness, but it is the best stock for varietal roses.
Rose hips (Rosa rubiginosa)
or rosehip rusty red originally from Western Europe, where it grows in ravines, on forest edges, on rocky slopes in bushes. This is a densely branched multi-stemmed shrub up to half a meter high with a compact crown and prickly hook-shaped thorns. Its leaves, like all wild roses, are pinnate, consisting of 5-7 small leaves, slightly pubescent on the upper side and glandular, rusty on the lower side. The flowers of plants of this species are up to 3 cm in diameter, red or pink, simple or semi-double, solitary or collected in dense corymbs. The fruits are red, hemispherical.
French rosehip (Rosa gallica)
- upright shrub up to half a meter high with leaves up to 12.5 cm long, consisting of 3-5 large leathery dark green leaves, lighter on the underside and covered with glandular pubescence. The flowers of this species are large, simple or double, single or collected in inflorescences of 2-3 flowers, painted in tones from dark pink to bright red. The fruits are spherical, up to 1.5 cm in diameter. The species is generally winter-hardy, but sometimes in the middle lane it suffers from frost. In culture, such garden forms of the species are known:
- medicinal - a plant similar to the main species, but with double flowers;
- thornless - a form with double flowers, devoid of thorns;
- changeable - the color of the petals on one flower varies from dark red-pink on the outer petals to dark purple in the middle;
- dwarf - a miniature plant with simple red flowers;
- brilliant - a form with semi-double or simple flowers of carmine color;
- pubescent - a plant with flowers of a purple-red hue, rounded leaves, pedicels, shoots and sepals of which are densely covered with bristles;
- Agatha is not a form with such large, double purple flowers as the main species.
The most popular varieties of French rose hips are:
- Complicated- a variety with simple, not very fragrant bright pink flowers up to 10 cm in diameter with a white center;
- Versicolor- a plant that has almost no smell, with semi-double light pink flowers with a diameter of 8-10 cm, covered with brighter strokes and spots, and with light green matte leaves.
Rose hips (Rosa glauca)
or wild rose red-leaved - a beautiful park shrub that grows wild in the mountains of Asia Minor, Central and South-Eastern Europe. It reaches a height of 2-3 m, it has thin, slightly curved or straight spines. Leaves consisting of 7-9 elliptical leaflets, shoots and stipules of the bluish rosehip are covered with a bluish bloom with a red-violet tint. Flowers up to 3.5 cm in diameter, single or collected in inflorescences up to 3 pieces, painted in bright pink. Cherry fruits, rounded, up to 1.5 cm in diameter. The species has winter hardiness, drought resistance, tolerates calcareous soils and urban conditions. The form of flora plento is distinguished by double flowers of a lighter shade, contrastingly standing out against the background of foliage.
In addition to the described species, in the culture you can find white, bourbon, smelly, or yellow, damask, dahurian, Chinese, Kokand, Maksimovich, multi-flowered, moss, musky, Portland, centipedal, apple, or hairy rose hips, Elena and many others.
Rosehip properties - harm and benefit
Useful properties of wild rose
The fruits of most types of rose hips contain a large amount of vitamin C: they contain 10 times more than blackcurrants, 50 times more than lemons, and 60-70 times more than juniper, fir, pine or spruce needles. . The highest content of ascorbic acid in Begger's rose hips. In addition to vitamin C, the fruit contains vitamins B1, B2, B6, E, K, PP, carotene, tannins and dyes, malic and citric acids, sugars, phytoncides, essential oils, as well as potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, calcium, copper, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum and manganese.
Rosehip flowers contain essential oil, organic acids, glycosides (bitters and saponins), sugars, fatty oils, flavonoids, tannins, wax, ascorbic acid, anthocyanins (peonidin, cyanidin, peonin). Most of the essential oil is found in wrinkled rosehip petals. Rosehip oil has an anti-inflammatory, bactericidal and astringent effect, it stimulates the regeneration of mucous membranes and damaged tissues, so it is often used for trophic ulcers, cracks, abrasions and dermatosis.
The leaves, in addition to vitamin C, contain catechins, flavonoids, tannins, phenolcarboxylic acids and their derivatives. Carotenoids and polysaccharides were found in the leaves of the May rosehip, and essential oil was found in the leaves of the blood-red rosehip.
Rosehip branches contain saponins, catechins, vitamin P, flavonoids, the bark contains sorbitol, and the roots contain tannins, catechins, flavonoids, triterpenoids.
Rose hips cleanse the circulatory system, improve metabolism, they are indicated for scurvy, anemia, diseases of the liver, kidneys and bladder. They are used as a tonic, tonic, which increases the body's resistance to infectious diseases and weakens the development of atherosclerosis: 2 tablespoons of crushed fruits are poured into 500 ml of water, boiled for 15 minutes over low heat, then wrapped and left overnight, and filtered in the morning. Taken with honey as a tea during the day.
A decoction of the roots and fruits of wild rose is a choleretic, multivitamin, weak diuretic and lowering blood pressure. It helps to strengthen the vascular wall, the production of red blood cells, improves appetite.
Rosehip juice normalizes the activity of the liver, kidneys, stomach, removes toxins from the body, increases resistance to infections, normalizes blood circulation, activates metabolic processes, improves memory, stimulates sexual activity, relieves headaches. It is a powerful antioxidant, which also perfectly quenches thirst.
Rosehip - contraindications
Alcoholic rosehip tincture is not recommended for people with high blood pressure: they will help hypotensive patients much more, and water infusions of the plant are shown to hypertensive patients, which, on the contrary, are contraindicated for people with low blood pressure.
Rosehip is not useful for those who have impaired blood flow. With long-term use of rosehip preparations, you may develop liver problems, as they inhibit the flow of bile. It is not safe for people with chronic constipation to take rose hips because they can make the problem worse.
Rosehip looks very similar to a garden rose, and this is no coincidence, they are really close relatives. A lush bush with beautiful flowers and a pleasant aroma is especially valued for its useful fruits. The berries of this plant contain a large amount of vitamin C, in this they surpass even lemons and apples.
Rosehip care is minimal, and there are a lot of benefits from it. It is not only about the healing properties of fruits. By itself, a bush planted in a garden plot serves as an excellent decoration, especially when it blooms, and, due to its sharp thorns, acts as a living fence.
Landing
Planting a wild rose and caring for it is not a tricky business. However, it is still worth considering some features of this plant. Rosehip is photophilous, so you should plant it in areas that are easily accessible to the sun's rays. Let these be hills with fertile lands, where groundwater does not stagnate.
But in no case should you plant a dogrose in a lowland or in a wetland! The bush has a very developed root system that goes deep into the ground. On unsuitable terrain, the plant begins to wither and quickly dies.
According to the type of rhizome, wild rose is similar to raspberries: over time, the roots begin to grow in breadth in the upper layer of soil and occupy vast areas. To prevent this phenomenon, you can create a small ditch around the bushes, its depth should be 20-30 cm. Or place slate dampers in the ground at the same depth.
You can plant rose hips around the perimeter of a summer cottage, or in separate bushes in an area not occupied by other cultivated plants.
If you plan to get fruits, and not just admire the beauty of the plant, the bushes should be located close to each other. This is due to the fact that rose hips are cross-pollinated.
Rose hips are propagated through seeds, seedlings or root taps.
seeds
Rosehip seeds for planting are harvested in August, when the fruits are not yet fully ripe. Planting material is extracted from brown berries. At this time, the shell of the seeds has not yet hardened, so they germinate well.
You can plant them in spring or autumn, the latter is preferable. October is the best time to plant. Grooves are made in rows in the soil and rose hips are placed there.
When they are already in the ground, it is necessary to sprinkle them with sawdust and humus. A small distance should be left between the rows, you should focus on the width of the chopper. When planting in early spring, you need to take care of seed germination. To improve conditions over the landings, stretch a plastic film.
When the seedlings have two leaves, it's time to transplant them.
If planting was carried out in the spring, then it is worth stratifying the seeds. After you have taken them out of the fruit, mix the planting material with peat and sand, the ratio of which should be 1: 4, or use river sand. All this mixture must be immersed in a container and left in a cool place (2-3 ºС) until spring. In winter, you should sometimes mix the mass.
seedlings
For seedlings, the most favorable is planting in the fall. Their planting is best done in October or November. To do this, make a hole about 20 cm deep. In advance, rotted manure (in no case fresh!) And compost are added to the soil. And with increased acidity of the soil, lime fertilizers must be applied.
Before planting seedlings, they are pruned. Large branches should not exceed 10 cm in length. In order for the wild rose to take root better, root cuts should be made: the roots are cut, leaving 15-20 cm in length. After that, they are dipped in a clay solution and immersed in a pit so that their base is at a depth of 5-8 cm underground. Next, you need to water the plantings and sprinkle with peat or sawdust.
It is important to immediately decide why you are planting a wild rose. The interval left between plants depends on this. For a hedge, a bush should be planted every half a meter.
To reap a rich harvest, you should leave more space.
Root offspring
There is also another way to propagate wild rose - this is reproduction with the help of root offspring. For their preparation, the most lush, healthy bushes are chosen, giving the best yield. Root suckers are prepared in early spring or late autumn. You can do this in two ways.
Method one
It is necessary to choose an offspring, the height of which will be about 25-40 cm, and carefully separate it from the mother bush with a shovel. This method is used both in spring and autumn.
Method two
In this case, the bush is not separated, but active care is provided for it: watering and hilling. And they wait until it begins to form adventitious roots.
In the autumn season of the following year, the bush is separated from the mother, and it remains in its place until the onset of spring. When the time comes, it is carefully transplanted so as not to damage the roots.
Care
Rose hips need: watering, pruning and top dressing. It is also important to ensure that pests do not bother him.
pruning
Pruning is a mandatory item for caring for rose hips. A few years after planting the bush, you need to thin it out, it is desirable that the number of branches in the end is two dozen. Old branches that have reached the age of seven, or exceeded it, are cut off.
Pruning of weakened and old branches is carried out in the spring.
On the Internet, you can often find advice to cut branches in the autumn after leaf fall, but it is not entirely correct. The cut places are very vulnerable to our cold winters, so it is better to wait out this time of year and take up the wild rose in the spring.
Do not shorten the bush too often or too much. A large amount of young greenery that appears after such events does not bring a crop.
Watering
Care also includes watering. There is no need to carry it out too often, the wild rose does not need this, as it has a high drought tolerance. In hot weather, you can pour it with several buckets of water. If the bush bears fruit, then you should take 5 buckets.
For the whole season, 3 - 4 watering should be done.
top dressing
In addition to watering and pruning, care also includes regular feeding. Young plants especially need them. In the second, after planting, the year you need to feed the wild rose with nitrogen fertilizers.
The first time this should be done in the spring, and the second - in the first third of summer. The third time should be fertilized in September. Next, you need to make compost or humus every three years. One bush accounts for 3 kg of such fertilizer.
Each top dressing is necessarily followed by loosening and watering; from above, you can fill the soil with sawdust.
Perhaps this is all you need to know about caring for rose hips.
Harvest
Rosehip blooms by the end of spring, and begins to bear fruit in August. Then you can start harvesting. The fruiting period continues right up to mid-autumn.
Fruit must be harvested very carefully. The branches are covered with prickly thorns, and in order not to get hurt when harvesting, you should put on thick gloves and clothes made of durable material in advance.
Ripe fruits are red or dark orange in color. It is important to collect them before the onset of cold weather. It is also worth remembering that the fruits do not ripen at the same time, so the crop must be harvested in several visits.
Pests
Carry out the procedure in the spring before the buds swell. Pests are afraid of mineral-oil emulsion, DNOC or shag infusion also helps well. It must be insisted for two days. You can also get rid of aphids with a decoction of bitter capsicum: 100 g of raw chopped pepper is added to 1 liter of water.
Summarize
Growing wild rose does not take much effort, it blooms beautifully and bears useful fruits. However, improper care, poor quality soil and pests can seriously harm the plant. Therefore, it is worth taking a responsible approach to all recommendations for growing and caring for wild rose.
Rosehip loves lit areas where there is a lot of sunlight. It will grow best in elevated places with fertile soil that does not stagnate. Rosehip roots go very deep into the ground, so do not plant it on swampy and lowland soil - it will quickly wither and die. In terms of the growth of the root system, the wild rose is similar to: after a few years of plant life, its roots grow in the upper layers of the soil and begin to occupy vast areas. To prevent it from spreading, you need to fence the bushes with a small ditch 20-30 cm deep or dig pieces of slate to the same depth.
Rose hips can be planted along the border of a personal plot (to protect it) or in separate bushes in the most inconvenient places: at a compost heap or next to.
The main thing to remember is the following: rosehip is a cross-pollinated plant, so its bushes should be next to each other. This is important if you plan to plant rose hips not as an ornamental plant, but to collect its useful fruits.
Rosehip breeding
Rose hips can be propagated by seeds, seedlings, root layers.Reproduction by seeds
It is advisable to collect seeds for planting in August, from unripe brown fruits. At this time, the seed coat has not yet had time to harden, so they will germinate better.
The seeds themselves can be planted both in spring and autumn, but the second option is better.
- We do autumn planting in October, we sow the seeds in the ground in rows;
- We sprinkle rows with planted seeds and leave a small gap between them so that or passes freely;
- In early spring, in order for the seeds to germinate better, we install a frame with a plastic film stretched over it;
- When the first two leaves appear on the seedlings, they can be seated.
Propagation of wild rose seedlings
Rosehip seedlings take root best during autumn planting. It is desirable to plant them in October-November.- We make a pit for planting with a depth of 20-22 cm;
- If there is soil at the planting site, we additionally add lime fertilizers, we also add rotted ones;
- We cut the seedlings short before planting so that the thick branches are no more than 8-10 cm long. For better survival, root cuts can be made. To do this, shorten the roots to 15-20 cm;
- Then we immerse the roots of the seedling in a clay mash and plant it, having previously straightened the roots, into the prepared pit. The neck of the rhizome of the seedling should be 5-8 cm below the level of the soil surface;
- After planting, water the seedling with water and sprinkle the surface with sawdust or.
The distance between the planted plants depends on the purpose for which we plant the wild rose. To make a hedge, we plant seedlings at a distance of 50 cm from each other. For a good harvest, the rosehip bush will need more space.
Reproduction by root offspring
If you need to preserve the signs of the mother bush, another method of reproduction is useful - root offspring. It is necessary to harvest them from the healthiest and most productive bushes, in late autumn or early spring. This is usually done in two ways:- In the first option, an offspring 25-40 cm high is selected and separated with a shovel from the mother bush. You can do this both in autumn and in spring.
- Using the second method, the adnexal bush is not separated, but periodically spud and watered. Due to this treatment, adventitious roots begin to form in the offspring bush. The next year, in the fall, the bush is separated from the mother plant, but not transplanted, but left in place until spring. In the spring, it is transplanted to a new place, while trying not to damage the rhizomes of the seedling.
Rosehip Care
Rosehip pruning
It is necessary to thin out the rosehip bush 2-3 years after its planting. At the same time, for better yields, it is necessary to form a bush of 15-20 branches. It is good if the branches of the bush are of different ages, but not older than 7 years - old branches do not bear fruit well.
Old and weak branches should be done in the spring. Many guides recommend pruning in the fall, after leaf fall, but this is just not worth doing. Rosehip cuts do not tolerate well, so spring pruning is much more beneficial, especially in regions with harsh winters. The main thing is not to turn pruning into shortening the bush - next year you will get a large number of young shoots that will not bring you a crop.
Watering rose hips
Rosehip is drought-resistant, does not require permanent. If the weather is very hot or a dry period has come, you can water the plant using 2-3 buckets of water per young bush and about 5 buckets per fruiting one. Usually for the whole season the bushes are watered 3-4 times.Rosehip top dressing
important for young plants. For the normal growth of wild rose (from the second year after planting), we do top dressing bushes. The first feeding is carried out in early spring, the second - during the period of rapid growth of shoots (usually in June-July), the third - in September.In the future, every 3 years we add at least 3 kg of compost or humus for each bush. After each top dressing, we loosen the soil and water it, sprinkle abundantly on top with sawdust or humus.
Harvesting rose hips
The most fun time has come - we are trying to take away its fruits from the wild rose :) Most varieties of wild rose have a lot of sharp and prickly thorns, so we advise you to wear strong clothes and tight mittens before picking the fruits. We begin harvesting when the skin of the fruit turns orange-red or red.
We begin harvesting when the skin of the fruit turns orange-red or red.
Usually the first harvest occurs in August and lasts until mid-autumn. When harvesting rose hips, it is important to remember the following:
- firstly, the berries must be harvested before frost (if we don’t have time, we will lose a lot of vitamins),
- secondly, you do not need to collect all the fruits at once (some will not have time to ripen, others will be overripe), it is better to remove them from the bushes in several stages.
Types and varieties of wild rose
Nowadays, there are more than 250 different types of wild rose. Below we list the most popular varieties of this wonderful plant in our area. Some of them will delight you with their appearance and fruits, others are purely decorative.You can visit our market, where the goods of different online stores are presented.
Rose wrinkled Rubra
218 rub
Agrofirm Search
Rose wrinkled Alba
218 rub
Agrofirm Search
Rosehip cinnamon
It grows in Siberia, the bushes of this variety grow up to 2 m. The shrub got its name for the peculiar red-brown color of the bark. From one bush you can collect up to 2 kg of fruit.
Rose hips
This variety takes root well in the North, it grows in Central Asia and the Non-Black Earth Region. The shrub is abundantly strewn with short thorns. Flowers pink or red. It tolerates winter frosts and summer drought very well.
Rosehip prickly terry (white rosehip)
A decorative type of wild rose with very beautiful, dense, white, double flowers.
Rosehip or park rose is a valuable medicinal and ornamental plant. One of the pressing issues for beginner gardeners related to its cultivation is transplantation. And when and how to do it correctly, will be discussed below.
When to transplant
Planned transplantation can be carried out in spring and autumn. This procedure is carried out when:
- the plant grows too long in one place;
- the soil is depleted or too acidic and this cannot be changed by introducing various top dressings and deoxidizers;
- the place was initially chosen incorrectly and the plant develops poorly;
- it is possible to move an adult shrub growing outside of it to your site.
However, if an urgent transplant was required, which is the only way to save the plant in the event of an attack by pests, the spread of diseases, and flooding of the territory, then manipulation can be carried out at any time of the “warm” season, including summer.
Important! When transplanting, keep in mind that rose hips are cross-pollinated plants. Accordingly, there must be at least one more pollinator variety nearby (within 2 m) from the transplanted specimen.
In the spring, vegetation should be moved from one place to another before the start of sap flow in the shoots, around mid-April. In the autumn, the main thing is to have time to carry out the manipulation 3 weeks before frost. Approximate dates - October - mid-November, depending on the climate of the region.
For transplantation, you should choose a cloudy, non-hot day. It is best to carry out the procedure in the evening.
How to dig a wild rose
Before digging a bush, it should be pruned. Part of the shoots cut at the root, leaving only 5 of the strongest. Shorten them to a height of 10 cm. This is necessary so that the plant can provide itself with food during the adaptation period in a new place.
The fact is that the rhizome of the wild rose has a rod structure - the main root can go 5 m deep. Naturally, no one can dig up a plant with such a large root, and if most of it is cut off, the plant simply does not have enough strength to provide nutrition to the voluminous ground parts.
The process of digging a wild rose bush:
- The day before the manipulation, water the plant abundantly.
- Dig a bush at a distance of 40 cm from the trunk to a depth of 35 cm.
- Remove as much soil from the rhizome as possible.
- Slightly tilt the bush to the side and cut off the taproot at a distance of 35 cm from the root neck with a sharp shovel.
- Immerse the rhizome for 12-15 hours in a growth stimulator solution. You can use "Kornevin" (add 1 tsp of powder to 1 liter of water).
How to transplant a bush
Before transplanting vegetation, you should choose the right place where the shrubs can fully develop. Best of all, any type of wild rose grows in well-lit areas located on hills. It is important that the groundwater level is within 2 m from the surface of the ridge, no less. The composition of the soil does not matter. The main thing is that the soil has a neutral acidity, in the range of 5–7 pH.
Important! Rosehips should not be planted next to raspberries, gooseberries and currants. These plants will overwhelm each other.
Planting pits are dug 50 cm deep, 80 cm in diameter. If several specimens are planned to be transplanted, then a distance of 0.5–1 m is left between the holes. The top layer (about 20 cm) of soil from each recess is mixed with 10 kg of humus, 200 g of superphosphate, 50 g of potassium salt and 70 g of ammonium nitrate. The resulting substrate fills the pits by 1/3 and pours 10 liters of water. In this state, the recesses are left for 2 hours. 
Step by step transfer process:
- Add nutrient soil to the hole.
- Place the seedling in the recess and align it with the root neck - after filling the pit, it should be level with the ground.
- Cover the roots with earth, shaking the plant occasionally to avoid the formation of air cushions.
- Compact the soil in the near-stem circle with your hands and pour 10 liters of water.
- After absorbing moisture, mulch with compost (10 cm layer).
Further care
In order for the vegetation to quickly take root in a new place and develop well, it needs to organize high-quality care after the transplant. It will be slightly different - depending on the period of time chosen for the manipulation.
Did you know?Wild rose hips can develop and bear fruit for more than 100 years.
Plants transplanted in spring and summer need sufficient moisture and additional nutrition. Instances moved to another location on the site in the fall will need to be properly prepared for the winter. This process consists in increasing the mulch layer up to 15 cm and covering the plants with agrofiber when the first frost occurs.
Watering
During the first year after transplantation during the warm season, watering is carried out once a month. Under each copy contribute 20 liters of water. In the future, the culture can be watered only 4 times per season:
- before the start of sap flow;
- before flowering;
- during the formation of the ovary;
- 3 weeks before frost.
For adults, well-rooted plants, the norm is 30 liters of water.
top dressing
Due to the fact that a sufficiently large amount of mineral fertilizers is applied at the time of transplantation, during the season, feeding will only need to be carried out with organic matter. An infusion based on wood ash, banana skins and nettles is well suited. This fertilizer can be used every month in parallel with watering. It is prepared at the rate of: 2 banana skins, 1 kg of nettle and 500 g of wood ash per 20 liters of water. All raw materials are poured into 2 liters of boiling water and insisted for 2 hours. After that, the remaining 18 liters of liquid are added. They insist another week. Make 5 liters for each copy.
Video: how to prepare an infusion of ash
After each watering and application of liquid fertilizers, the soil in the near-stem circle should be carefully loosened and a little mulch added to replace the settled layer.
Did you know? Previously, young shoots of some varieties of wild rose growing in the Caucasus were used in cooking as vegetables.
Rosehip transplantation can be carried out even by an inexperienced gardener. The vegetation perfectly tolerates this manipulation and quickly takes root in a new place. The main thing is to correctly approach the process of moving plants and organize high-quality care after it.
Rosehip is a perennial shrub, a genus of plants. Its second name is "wild rose". Rosehip not only has beautiful flowers, but is also a storehouse of vitamins. In the summer cottage, he is rightfully the record holder for the content of vitamin C, ahead of apples and currants. When planting a shrub, it is necessary to take into account the composition of the soil, as well as the lack of groundwater, since their stagnation can lead to rotting of the roots. Rosehip care mainly consists of watering, pruning and feeding the plant. Reproduction is carried out by root offspring, seedlings, as well as by growing from seeds. About 100 varieties of wild rose grow on the territory of the Russian Federation. And many of them are endemic. You can familiarize yourself with the variety of varieties of "wild rose" by viewing the gallery with photos.
When choosing rose hips for planting in a summer cottage, it is best to give preference to varieties with a high content of vitamins.
- rose wrinkled(R. rugosa). One of the most popular species among gardeners. Its height reaches one and a half meters. It has a huge number of shoots, which facilitates the process of reproduction. The species is frost-resistant and is not afraid of soils rich in salts. It can grow in poor soils and windy areas. The homeland of the wrinkled rose is the Far East.
- Rosehip May, he is Sh. cinnamon (R. cinnamomea L., R.maialis Herrm). In the wild, it grows independently in the European part of Russia, up to Siberia. The height of this plant fluctuates around 2 m. It is distinguished by rare thorns, and on shoots with flowers they are not at all. The flowering of the species occurs in May.
Rosehip May - Rose hips(R. acicularis Lindley). Winter-hardy variety that can withstand severe frosts (up to -40 degrees). The height of the shrub varies in the range from 1 to 3 m. The fruits of the needle-rose hips are high in vitamin C, and their size reaches 1.5 cm.
- Rose Webb(R. webbiana Wall. ex Royle). A perennial plant whose height reaches 1 m. It has rare, slightly curved thorns. The flowers are red or pink, sometimes white. It grows mainly on the slopes of mountain ranges (in the Himalayas, Pamirs, Tibet and Mongolia).
- dog rose(R. canina) - a plant species with a low content of ascorbic acid. Its distinguishing feature is the absence of a hole at the top and quickly falling leaves.
Advice. Rose hips can be easily tested for vitamin content. It is believed that vitamin plant species can whistle. If you blow into the hole at the top of the fruit, you will hear a small whistle.
Among the breeding varieties are:
- "Vitamin VNIVI"- early medium variety. Requires pollination. Therefore, you will need to plant another bush, but of a different variety. It has massive fruits and a considerable amount of vitamins. The yield of the variety is about 2.5 kg per plant. There are no thorns in the places of fruiting, which facilitates the process of collecting fruits.
- "Vorontsovsky 1"- a hybrid of two roses: wrinkled and Webb. In addition to vitamins C and bioflavonoids, it has a high content of folic acid. The yield is slightly higher than the previous one and is about 3 kg.
- "Large-fruited VNIVI"- winter-hardy, high-yielding and resistant to diseases and pests variety. Differs in long flowering. Rose hips are usually used to make jam, jam and other preparations.
Rosehip large-fruited VNIVI - "Russian 1"- vitamin grade. Grown mainly in the Ural region. Productivity from 1.5 to 2 kg. Rust resistant.
- "The globe"- winter-hardy variety, high, contains many vitamins.
- "Finger"- winter-hardy and pest-resistant variety. Grown in the West Siberian region.
- "Victory". Not much different from the previous variety. In addition to the above characteristics, it has a pleasant aroma.
- "Titanium"- a tall shrub with fruits growing in 3-5 pieces. The yield is very high, resistant to diseases and pests.
- "Apple"- a low shrub with large fruits with a sweet and sour taste.
- "Sergievsky"- a variety with an average ripening period. Fruits are sweet and sour with a high content of vitamin C.
- "Ural Champion". A very winter-hardy variety that is suitable for cultivation in all regions of the country.
Landing and care
Rosehip is a quite unpretentious shrub. It is planted to obtain fruits that contain a large amount of vitamins. In particular, vitamin C. In addition, the plant emits an incredible aroma during the flowering period.
Rosehip planting is carried out in the fall. The place should be bright. But even in a shaded area, it will grow well. But if you want to get a good rosehip crop, then it is better to choose a site that is well lit by the sun.
Landing order: step by step instructions
- Dig a hole length, width and height, which should be about half a meter.
- At the bottom of the dug hole there should be a small hill of soil.
- The roots are carefully laid out and covered with earth.
- Water the planted plant.
- Shelter for the winter period is not required.
Advice. Landing can be done in the spring, but it is better to do this before the formation of buds. This is done so that the rosehip can more easily endure the landing.
Another rule of planting is maintaining the distance between the bushes. It must be at least 120 cm.
Rosehip care consists of watering, pruning and feeding. In the first year of life, especially in drought, the plant needs periodic watering. Mature shrubs are watered infrequently, but plentifully. Watering is required during the period when the ovaries appear, provided there is no rain. It takes up to 30 liters of water for a young bush, and even more for a fruit-bearing bush - about 50 liters.
If the rosehip bush is cut, it will become a worthy element of landscape design. Often, wild rose is used as a hedge. In order for the plant not to lose its decorative effect, it should be cut off periodically. Pruning is done in autumn or early spring before buds appear. You can also prune at the end of winter, when all the dried and dead branches are visible.
Fertilizer
Top dressings require special consideration. Root top dressing is carried out about four times during the year: before and after flowering, at the beginning of fruit ripening and after harvesting.
For the first top dressing, organic fertilizer is required, which is bred at the rate of 3 tbsp. l per bucket of water.
The second dressing consists of half a glass of "Agricola" in a bucket of water. Sometimes organic fertilizer is added.
The third top dressing is to use only Agricola.
For the last feeding, take a bucket of water and 2 tbsp. l funds "Agricolaaqua". Rosehip bushes are treated with this solution after flowering three times with a frequency of 10 days.
Propagation of a wild rose
Rosehip propagation is carried out in several known ways.
Growing from seeds. The collection of seeds for planting is carried out in August, when the fruits are not yet fully ripe.
- The fruits are harvested.
- The seeds are removed and washed.
- Sowing is carried out in September, deepening the seeds by 2 cm. The distance between the seeds should be at least 5 cm.
Rosehip seeds way green cuttings. A convenient method with a high percentage of rooting.
- The cuttings are cut with an oblique cut.
- Dipped in a root growth activator.
- Transplanted into pots.
- Cover with foil and moderately water as the soil dries.
- Planted in open ground.
reproduction root offspring. The method is used to preserve the properties of the mother bush. Used infrequently.
By dividing the bush. A shrub about 6 years old is dug up and the rhizome is divided into several parts. Small shrubs are immediately planted in the ground, without waiting for the roots to dry.
Diseases and pests
"Wild Rose" is prone to diseases and attack by pests. These include rust, powdery mildew, gray and brown rot, and damage is caused by rose flies, leafworms, spider mites and sawflies.
Using garlic infusion with laundry soap will help get rid of insects. The shrub should be sprayed with this mixture before flowering and after harvesting the fruits. The drug "Topaz" will help from rust, and Bordeaux liquid will cope with black spotting.
Treat the bush from pests several times a season Rosehip is a high-vitamin plant, perennial. Often used in landscape design as a hedge. Landing and caring for him is not burdensome. Feeding plays a special role. They are held four times a year. Rose hips are used to make tea, decoction, jam and jam. The shrub contains a large amount of vitamin C and is an excellent tool for the prevention and treatment of colds.
Growing wild rose: video