A car in a person’s life has long become an everyday companion, without which it is difficult to do. It serves different people in different ways. To determine the benefits that an iron friend brings, you can conditionally divide people into groups, each of which uses it in different ways.
The first group includes people for whom a car is a means of transportation, without which it is impossible to get to work, take children to school, and solve other vital issues. This reason is relevant not only for residents of large cities, where the distance to the final points of arrival can be ten, twenty, or even more kilometers. This also applies to rural regions and urban-type settlements where there may not be such transport as a fixed-route taxi, bus, tram. Therefore, the question of purchasing a car is extremely important here. A car that has the following set of advantages is suitable for such people: safety, efficiency, reliability, and spaciousness. You need to be sure that the car will not break down along the way, the spaciousness will allow you to take the whole family on the road, and the interior safety equipment guarantees a calm ride. Ideal option will purchase a station wagon car, which has a roomy trunk for any trip. If you want to buy a domestic-made car, then models such as Lada Lagus, Lada Kalina. If you have more money, you can buy chevrolet cruze SW, Ford Focus wagon. An alternative to a station wagon is a crossover. All-wheel drive vehicles Renault Duster, Nissan Juke, Opel Mokka are quite popular in Russia. Nice appearance, spacious interior, and high seating position will satisfy any driver who buys a car for the family.
For another type of people, a car on wheels is an image, a means of expressing oneself and one's status. There are much fewer people of this type than the first, and the functions that the car performs for them are very different. Usually these are people who hold high positions in large firms or enterprises, successful entrepreneurs, deputies, and just people with money. A car for them is both a means of transportation and one of the expensive accessories (because they don’t drive on cheap accessories). For this category of people, we can recommend executive business class cars, among which Mercedes-Benz S-class is the leader in popularity. average price this car hovers around $250,000. There are many alternative options for this model, if you choose according to the Forbes rating, then the next in line will be: BMW 7 Series - $150,000, Audi A8 - $130,000, Hyundai Equus - $100,000. The right to choose a car, as always, remains with the buyer. It is impossible to say which one is better, because each is a masterpiece of automotive construction and has all sorts of gadgets that use modern technology.
There is also a third category - these are people for whom the car is something like a second child. They love everything related to mechanical engineering: buying, selling, assembling, disassembling a car. Passion for cars is their life. Such people like to "upgrade" or tune their car. Tuning a car can affect both the exterior and the interior. Changing the appearance can be the most diverse: installing a spoiler on the trunk, increased exhaust pipe, painting the body of a car or replacing its coating, increasing and selecting discs and much, much more. All these details only decorate and modify the car. Internal (technological) tuning is also possible, which greatly changes the driving ability of the car. It includes: tuning transmission and engine. It is difficult to say which car is worth buying for this category of people, because they themselves are well versed in them and understand what exactly they need. This question depends only on the monetary investment and the imagination of the motorist.
In conclusion, I would like to say that buying a car is always a holiday for a person. But you always need to remember the traffic rules and not violate them, so that not only the driver, but also pedestrians are safe. Be careful and careful, have a nice trip!
So, let's get to the main point: A car is not just a means of transportation, but short description style and character of its owner. Well, who will take seriously, for example, the owner, Oka "", with the inscription, Do not overtake, do not offend the baby "". But at the same time, each of you with great pleasure will conclude a serious deal with the owner of a Japanese mass-produced car, Isuzu VehiCross "". I think the meaning is clear.
You can find out a lot of information by appearance, also by the brand and price of the car. By the way, those who are enthusiastic about cars are well versed in the psychology of other car owners. There are people who are literally obsessed with cars and their number is growing every day, since people have become more serious about driving. Previously, cars were more used as a way to get around, so as not to stand for hours at stops and waste time, and now having a car is also very cool.
In this regard, now every second seeks to buy it, but important details are often not taken into account: brand, speed. Many people just buy what is cheaper and do not care about the rest. Usually this method of purchasing a car is no different from buying ordinary junk. There is a famous expression: “A car is not a luxury, but a means of transportation.” I am not ashamed to say that this is complete nonsense. To such people who still hold this opinion, I again advise you to buy a garbage truck.
And for those who enthusiastically read my article, I will give a lot of normal, useful tips. First, even if you financial difficulties never buy a car just because it suits you in price. In any case, you should listen to yourself, even if buying the car of your dreams will cost you a lot. You can take out a loan or wait a couple of years, but it's a good idea to buy a car that will scream "" about your character left and right.
For example, if you are a calm, balanced and intelligent person, then a German car is a good fit for you. mercedes benz E-class, which contains both calmness and elegance and can perfectly emphasize your character. Suitable for temperamental people sports cars and for serious lovers are the same serious cars, which are able to climb uphill and generally overcome various kinds of obstacles, these are mainly German, Russian or Japanese off-road vehicles. It can be our favorite Russian, Niva "" or the Japanese I mentioned twice, Isuzu "". In one word, I can’t list all the brands, but it’s already clear how you should make your choice. After you buy a car using my article, in no case should you forget about car care.
Her appearance will also easily betray your character. By the way, you always need to monitor both the serviceability and cleanliness of the car. Do not forget to purchase tires that correspond to the season, for example, in winter, you won’t go far on Naked tires. In addition, the music in the car also says a lot and try to choose it carefully, instead of throwing off on a disk and putting anything. Driving speed also plays a role, but try not to reach a speed that you are not completely in control of and then you will feel much more confident.
It is also important not to clog the trunk so that it remains half open, my advice to you is that it will not look nice. And one last thing: before you confidently step on the gas and go on a long and exciting journey in a new, comfortable and undoubtedly cool car do not forget to check the presence of a full gas tank so that there are no awkward situations with finding a gas station on the road. And as the ending of the famous saying, Do not drive faster than your guardian angel can fly "".
MBOU "Secondary School No. 1", Shelekhov, el. address: golubeva. *****@***en
"A car is not a luxury, but a means of transportation."
Henry Ford
INTRODUCTION
Human society, solving the problems of its rapid development, owes much to the car. Cars have firmly taken their place in human life. They have become so familiar that the dangers associated with their use are involuntarily forgotten. Like any achievement of progress, the car also harms the environment. However, the car is at the same time a tireless assistant, if a person thinks through all the moments of communication with him, follows the rules of operation and safety. And I set out to find out:
When did the first car appear? Who created it?
How much does the car affect the environment?
What is the role of the car in human life?
Revealing the importance of the car in the lives of my classmates.
To achieve these goals, the following tasks were set:
1. Study the history of the car.
2. Determine the impact of the car on the environment and human health.
3. Reveal the role and importance of the car in the life of classmates.
Research hypothesis: having collected information about the history and reasons for the creation of the car, I will find out whether its invention is really necessary for mankind.
Object of study: information sources.
Subject of study: photographs, newspaper articles, encyclopedic and Internet sources.
Research methods: theoretical, comparison and analysis.
1. The history of the creation of the car
1.1. The first cars in the world.
For many years, people dreamed of flying carpets and walking boots. These dreams were embodied in fairy tales. But in real life, it was necessary to work to feed yourself and your loved ones. It took long months to overcome the distances between cities, the construction of buildings went on for years, because there were too few of the own physical forces of man and the forces of animals.
This went on for thousands of years, until man began to create machines capable of working hard, doing hard work and remaining obedient to the will of man. So there were wagons, carriages.
In the carriages, people strived for comfort, improving everything more and more. The desire of people to increase speed accelerated the change of events in the history of transport development. From the Greek "autos" - "self" and the Latin "mobilis" obilis - "mobile" in European languages, the adjective self-propelled, literally "auto - mobile" has developed.
In 1490, Leonardo da Vinci designed a hand-operated carriage.
Russian mechanic - self-taught peasant Leonty Shamshurenkov created a "self-running carriage", which was set in motion by the power of two people. In 1 years, the Russian inventor Kulibin worked on a "self-running scooter".
In his "scooter" such elements of the car as a gearbox, steering gear, brakes were used for the first time.
In the 18th-19th centuries, steam power began to be used as a driving force for carriages. In 1769, the French inventor Nicolo - Joseph Cugnot made a "steam cart" that moved at a speed of 3.6 km / h.
The next source of crew movement was electricity. The first electric carriage was built in 1837 by the Englishman Robert Davidson. Such a crew moved at a speed of 3 km / h due to the energy from the batteries installed on the vehicle.
But it is the years that are considered to be the year the car was created, and its inventors were German engineers Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler. First car with gasoline engine was made by Benz and had 3 wheels, weighed 230 kg and could reach speeds of up to 16 km / h.
The term "car" was established in the world after 1894, when the first international motor racing took place in France. Prior to this, the most commonly used phrase was “vouurotomobile”, that is, “self-propelled cart”
1.2 Henry Ford era
There is one legend, according to which, for the first time, the idea of creating a vehicle that would be safe and did not require the use of animal power came to the mind of a young American when, while working on a farm, he fell off his horse and hurt himself badly. That unfortunate rider was Henry Ford.
By that time, cars were already being produced in America and Europe, but they were very expensive and accessible to few. And Henry Ford believed that "the car is not a luxury, but a means of transportation." Together with his faithful friends, having collected 28 thousand dollars, he organized the world's first in-line production of cheap and public cars.
The number of cars is constantly growing. By the beginning of 2012, according to the official website of the traffic police, there are cars in the Irkutsk region.
Every summer, specialists from the Department for Environmental Protection and Ecological Safety of the Irkutsk city administration, together with the traffic police and Rospotrebnadzor, conduct raids to control the toxicity and smoke of exhaust gases from cars. In 2011, from May to October, 34 such raids were carried out, 1319 vehicles were checked.
The main tasks set by the administration of Irkutsk to improve the environmental situation in the region include the development road network, switching the fleet of municipal enterprises to gas, greening the streets, using environmentally friendly reagents in the fight against icing, replacing small-capacity buses with buses of medium and large capacity, equipping passenger vehicle parking areas with heating devices in winter. According to the press service of the city administration
In order for people to get sick less and children to be born healthy, environmentalists propose to take a number of measures, including large-scale planting of greenery in the city, as well as the mandatory installation of filters in exhaust systems cars. To solve the problems of traffic jams, a lot of money is being invested in the construction of roads, bypass roads, and new bridges. A significant reduction in environmental pollution and gasoline savings are achieved by replacing traditional types of petroleum fuel - gas.
2.2. The role and importance of the car in the life of 3rd grade students.
In addition to those undeniable amenities that a car creates in a person's life, obviously the social significance of the mass use of private cars: the speed of communication increases when traveling; the number of full-time drivers is reduced; the delivery of the urban population to places of mass recreation, to work, etc. is facilitated. The 21st century, no doubt, has gone down in history as the century of the car. At the beginning of the century, at the dawn of the automobile era, the slogan appeared "Automobile is not a luxury, but a means of transportation”, now this slogan has become a reality. Modern passenger transport provides transportation of people, their hand luggage and luggage. For passengers, the use of transport is primarily associated with saving time and effort spent on movement. Automobile transport as one of the types of land transport has become the most widespread and occupies a leading position in the transportation of passengers, goods, goods over various distances.
In the course of my research work, I conducted a sociological survey on the number and use of private cars in the families of 3rd grade students. Below is a table of survey results.
Number of respondents | |
Have one car | |
Have da car | |
Use car every day | |
Use the car seasonally | |
Rarely use car | |
Do you need a car on the farm? | |
Is using a car harmful to the environment? Which? |
Conclusion.
As a result, I concluded that the car has become an integral part of life for most people, many cannot imagine life without a car. People are so accustomed to cars that they sometimes treat them like living beings. And, perhaps, it is very difficult to imagine the life of a modern person without such a tireless assistant as a car!
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Automobiles of the world Series: The most beautiful and famous, Publisher: Avanta +, 2004
2., Autoencyclopedia Publishers: Prestige Book, Ripol Classic, 2006
3. Larry Edsall Legendary cars. Cars that made history from their invention to the 21st century
4. Internet sources: www. *****,
The car has become an integral part of the modern world. But this vehicle, which changed the life of all mankind, is a little over a hundred years old. The word "car" is formed from two parts - the Greek "autos" ("self") and the Latin "mobi-fox" ("moving"). This means that a car is a self-propelled (sometimes they said “self-running”) car. The first cars were called so: self-propelled carriages. They appeared at the end of the 19th century.
What is a car in the modern sense? It is a transport trackless vehicle, mainly on wheels, driven by its own engine. Cars include not only passenger cars, but also buses, trucks, various special vehicles - construction, fire, military ... And of course, racing cars that look like rockets on wheels.
It all started with a wheel. Who invented it? Nobody knows the answer. The name of the genius was lost in the darkness of centuries. It is only known that from about the middle of the 4th millennium BC, the wheel was already known in Mesopotamia. It was there that archaeologists unearthed images and remains of the first wagons.
On January 29, 1986, the world celebrated a significant date: the car turned 100 years old. In 1886, Karl Benz (1844-1929), an engineer from Mannheim, received a patent for his first invention, a vehicle with an ignition motor. The fact that this patent would later become evidence of the birth of the automobile could not even be imagined by Benz himself.
The centenary of the car could have been celebrated even earlier. Because long before Benz and his patented car, the British and French were already driving fantastic cars. Like most great inventions, the automobile had not one, but several fathers. Mankind has long dreamed of a transport that would move itself. The ancient Egyptians, for example, used a scooter - a plank with two wheels and a rod to maintain balance. Then they lifted the plank, began to sit on it and move, pushing off the ground with their feet. However, even in the 17th century, the dream of self-propelled transport was still a dream. Only the discovery of the steam engine revolutionized the means of transportation. The first inventors experimented with large steam boilers.
We can say that the very first car appeared in 1770. This miracle of technology was created by the Frenchman Nicolas Joseph Cugno. Being an artillery officer and faithfully serving his king, he was looking for a way to quickly deliver heavy guns to the front. And he came up with a car that dragged a load weighing up to 3 tons at a speed of up to 4 kilometers per hour. He built three huge wheels. It was powered by a steam engine without a firebox. A fire was made under the boiler and water was heated. Brakes for cars have not yet been invented. When Cugno wanted to demonstrate his sensational steam engine in 1771, his machine was on “ at full speed» crashed into a stone wall and survived! She was stronger than the wall. It was the first historically recorded a road accident with a self-propelled car.
But despite the inglorious end of this invention, the French are proud that their compatriot built the first functional car.
The idea is to use smaller steam engines to move along the street did not leave the inventors alone. In 1803, a steam car was created in England, which was used in London to transport passengers. People called the three-wheeled 7-passenger omnibus the "puffing devil".
Londoners were very frightened when they saw steaming vehicles on the road, and soon the Red Flag law came out - the world's first law regulating road traffic. He demanded that before each steam car During the day, a man with a red flag walked, and at night, with a red lamp. In addition, the cars were required to drive at a pace.
In 1804, the Swiss Isaac Rivats managed to create an ancestor modern motor. Instead of steam, Rivatz experimented with combustible gases. The Swiss was able to drive just a meter on his invention, which opened a new era in technology.
The true history of cars is associated with the names of German inventors. One of them was Karl Benz (1844-1929), owner of a small engine factory. internal combustion.
In 1885, Karl Benz designed his first self-propelled carriage. This ancestor modern cars was tricycle. The car has survived to this day, now it is in one of the museums in Germany. The engine ran on gasoline and allowed speeds up to 16 kilometers per hour.
Already in August 1888, Benz's wife Bertha and his sons, teenagers Eugen and Richard, made the world's first motor rally. Leaving early in the morning from Mannheim, in the evening they arrived in Pforzheim, where my grandmother lived, having overcome 180 kilometers in a day. On the way, the brave travelers ran out of fuel, and they bought gasoline ... in a pharmacy!
“The father of the car” is called not only Karl Benz, but also another German designer and entrepreneur - Gottlieb Daimler (1834 - 1900). Daimler has been developing and improving engines for many years. In 1883, he patented a horizontal engine that made up to 600 revolutions per minute, and two years later - a vertical one. In November 1885, the inventor installed his motor on a two-wheeled carriage and made a test drive on it. So Daimler created the "saddle car" - the first motorcycle.
In 1886, just a year after the invention of the "saddle car", Daimler created a self-propelled carriage based on a cab - a small carriage that was harnessed to horses.
The inventor “simply and simply” attached an engine to the span and steering- got a car. His maximum speed was 18 kilometers per hour. From that moment on, Daimler could rightfully claim that he had created the world's first four-wheeled car.
And despite this, Daimler was late: the car with an internal combustion engine had already been invented by Karl Benz.
Several hundred inventors claimed to have invented the "horseless carriage". But it was Daimler and Benz who were able to complete all four necessary first steps. After all, only they put forward the very idea of a car, filed a patent - a document confirming their rights to an invention, built working models of cars and, finally, mastered the production of cars. These two geniuses did not expect that they would soon lay the foundation car company with the world name "Daimler-Benz", which has existed for more than a decade.
Since 1902, all passenger cars of the Daimler plant began to be called Mercedes. It happened like this. In March 1899, the Austrian diplomat and car enthusiast Emil Jelinek won one of the very first races in the world in a Daimler car. In an effort to perpetuate his success, Jelinek insisted that Daimler cars be named after his ten-year-old daughter, Mercedes.
This company still produces cars of the famous Mercedes model. True, over the years the name of the company has changed - now it is not called Daimler-Benz, but Daimler-Chrysler, but this does not prevent it from producing more than a million cars annually.
The first Russian car created in the spring of 1896 by Evgeny Yakovlev and Peter Frese. Their car with a motor of 2 horsepower was demonstrated in Nizhny Novgorod at the All-Russian Art and Industrial Exhibition. Yakovlev and Frese's machine has not been preserved, but a copy of it is in the Moscow Polytechnic Museum.
The car and its role in human life - the history of vehicles is rooted in the distant past, when a person tamed a horse, realizing what was on it
He can travel long distances. The thirst for knowledge of the world, the desire to see the unknown distances forced people to look for ways and means to move around the Earth faster. Horses, camels, mules, oxen have served people for thousands of years as vehicle. The end of the 19th century gave people a car, and for more than a hundred years this vehicle has not lost its popularity, but, on the contrary, is in even greater demand among the townsfolk. Undoubtedly, a personal car provides many advantages: independence from public transport, from the schedule of electric trains, trains, flights. Traveling long distances saves money - 5 people ride in a car for the cost of fuel. For example, for 1000 kilometers you need to spend gasoline for 3200 rubles, and on the train for 5 you have to pay 10-12 thousand. There is an economic benefit of operating a car, provided that it is not an old wreck that requires constant repair, but reliable and strong.
But consider other aspects of the use of vehicles. The most negative consequence of its exploitation is the death of people. Every day people die on the roads in car accidents, the statistics are simply amazing by the scale of human casualties. Despite tightening laws and regulations, the number of accidents with human casualties is not decreasing. Unfortunately, every day the scrolling line of the TV screen mercilessly reports new victims of car accidents. This is one of the most negative aspects of using cars.
AT last years we become witnesses and, in part, participants in various natural disasters: hurricanes, tornadoes, storms and tsunamis, unprecedented frosts and merciless heat. Climate scientists have already concluded that the "greenhouse effect" plays a role in climate change. Of course, in its creation a significant role belongs to cars that produce exhaust gases. Residents of megacities feel the negative impact of these emissions: chronic fatigue, headaches, asthma - this is an incomplete list of common diseases of city dwellers. Another scourge that hits the health of motorists is physical inactivity, which has engulfed the modern population from 18 to 70 years old. How many young men aged 30-35 have to be seen, with difficulty getting out of cars, breathing heavily, with their bellies protruding forward, with swollen faces. Often this is the result of a sedentary lifestyle, many hours of sitting behind the wheel. For many, the passenger car has become the most important object of attention, the meaning of life.
The car and its role in human life has become very significant. The automobile industry has embraced all segments of the population of our country, from the low-income to the super-rich. If the former are ready to purchase a pile of scrap metal for a bargain price at car flea markets, then the latter seek out latest models luxury foreign cars at car dealerships. Every day you can observe an endless stream of cars on the streets of cities and towns, constant traffic jams and traffic jams. The inhabitants of Russia, as they say, seized upon cars, as the natives once did upon shiny knick-knacks. The consequence of this is “rejuvenated” sciatica, osteochondrosis, ischemia, heart failure, diabetes and other equally terrible diseases. It is understandable to travel by personal car on a long journey, to visit relatives, to the country house, but to drive to work on a neighboring street or to a store located around the corner is nonsense. It makes no sense to travel every day big city, where there is a subway and a huge amount of public transport. Yes, a car is an undeniable achievement of scientific and technological progress, but it needs to be used more intelligently!