Reliability of the car - in a timely annual maintenance. Timely maintenance of the machine prevents unexpected emptying of the wallet and a huge waste of time.
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When operating a vehicle, motorists are always concerned about the frequency of maintenance and repair of their "iron horse". Timely maintenance of the machine always prevents unexpected emptying of the wallet and a huge waste of time. For a vehicle, it is customary to consider the frequency of replacing fluids, consumables and spare parts at a certain mileage.
Since our vehicles are often operated in harsh climatic conditions, poor pavement, as well as fuel low quality, the frequency of maintenance of the car should be at least 1 time per year. Minimum!
Machine Diagnostics
Every repair starts with a thorough diagnosis. It consists of two parts:
- computer;
- visual (where the manual method is used, most often the moving parts of the chassis, transmission and engine).
The standard mistake of all drivers is to go for diagnostics after detecting a malfunction or extraneous noise, which is fundamentally wrong. It is necessary to be proactive and identify all worn parts in advance.
Chassis
The chassis is one of the most wearable elements of the car, as it is subjected to a dynamic load:
Winter tires. In an unstable climate and poor road conditions winter tires on thorns very soon becomes dubious, and the loss of thorns for winter season makes up more than 40% of the teeth against the standard 10%. Such wear significantly affects the correct operation of the car.
Elastic bands, stabilizer struts, muffler cushions and anthers SHRUS. This kind of rubber products become unusable regularly, especially often after the winter period. Rubber bands dry out from temperature changes, moisture and salt on the roads, they often tear and crack. Such spare parts are inexpensive, and their timely replacement will prevent serious and costly damage.
Chamber or bus valves. Most often, this small but very important detail is not given enough attention. At speeds over 100 km / h, the equivalent mass that presses on the valve is 1.7 kg. Under the influence of external temperature, the range of which is very high in the CIS countries, the valve begins to quickly shrink and oxidize, and the spring that holds the valve weakens. When replacing rubber, which occurs twice a year, it is necessary to change the valves on all wheels.
Operating fluids
All vehicle fluids have their own service life, which, for simplicity, is expressed in mileage traveled. Naturally, all figures are averaged and refer to the normal driving mode:
Oil. On average, oil is changed every 8,000 - 10,000 km. It is important that the oil is of the same company, since the additive package has one basis.
It is important to check regularly power steering oil level. As a rule, it rarely changes, but the level must be monitored carefully.
Engine
The most responsible and complex vehicle assembly, requiring unquestioning adherence to the terms of scheduled maintenance.
It is worth paying attention to rubber fuel hoses and coolant pipes. Sometimes, due to low-quality fluids and fuels, they lose their properties, crack and burst.
Spark plug. Candles do not have to be changed every year, but you need to remove, clean and adjust the gap. If the condition of the electrodes is poor, it is best to replace the candles.
Fuel filter must be changed in the same way as air. If the car is diesel, then the coarse filter needs to be changed once a year after the winter period, since summer and winter diesel fuels have different additive packages.
Fuel pump filter. The grid in the fuel station gets dirty more and more often than fuel filter, and its level of contamination affects the operation of the fuel pump.
Air conditioning and heating system
The most inconspicuous system in the car by all car owners. They look into it only after obvious breakdowns and wear and tear.
Cabin filter. Such a filter should be changed often if the car often uses a stove and air conditioning. It is best to purchase a carbon filter, as it almost does not allow dust to pass through. True, it costs more.
Freon. Check the level at least once a year and top up the gas if necessary. Replacing it on a special device does not take a long time, but usually costs from 1,500 rubles and more.
Timely diagnostics and maintenance of the machine significantly increases its service life and saves money and time for the driver.
Until now, many car owners confuse the concepts of "inspection" and "maintenance", which sometimes causes certain difficulties.
Both of these procedures are aimed at maintaining motor vehicle in good condition and must be completed on time. And yet, what is the difference between technical inspection and maintenance?
Maintenance and inspection: differences
The technical inspection is aimed at checking the technical condition of the car in accordance with state standards. The role of the state here is not accidental, since it is the state that is entrusted with regulatory functions in the field of citizens' security. According to the law, only accredited organizations have the right to carry out the technical inspection procedure.
The inspection includes checking all the main units:
- lights and indicators,
- brake system,
- exhaust system.
Also, during the technical inspection, the work is checked on-board computer and other electronics.
Timely technical inspection is a guarantee of detection of future vehicle malfunctions.
Maintenance is a scheduled replacement of spare parts according to the recommendations of the manufacturer of a particular car. This procedure can be performed both in specialized service centers and independently. In the first case, you have an additional plus in the form of competent specialists.
During maintenance change:
- spark plug,
- engine oil,
- various filters and other consumables.
Maintenance task is scheduled repairs faults.
How often do maintenance and inspections need to be done?
According to the rules, new category B cars must be inspected every 2-3 years, and after reaching the age of 7 - annually. Each automaker also sets its own maintenance rules, which car owners should be aware of.
Issue price
In most cases, the role of technical inspection is reduced to the usual control, so the price of this procedure is low.
Maintenance often requires the replacement of parts, so get ready to spend money, because the price of maintenance from official dealers and large service stations is 5-20 thousand rubles, depending on the upcoming work, make and model of car.
A little about the responsibilities of a car owner
Inspection is the responsibility of every car owner. A technical inspection is needed to register the car with the traffic police and to obtain OSAGO. Failure to do so will result in a ban on driving.
There are no mandatory rules for maintenance. But it should be remembered that if the car is not properly cared for, its owner may lose the warranty. official dealer and manufacturer. It is best to schedule preventive inspections and maintenance.
Timely maintenance and inspection is a guarantee not only of your safety, but of other road users.
Treat everyone with respect!
Each car owner should make it a rule to regularly monitor the technical condition of his car. It is somewhat easier for the owners of leasing cars in this regard - after all, they are required to provide a vehicle for maintenance within a certain period, and ignoring the requirement is fraught with loss of warranty. Those who, due to circumstances, acquire a used car, must monitor its serviceability on their own and replace worn parts with new high-quality auto parts in a timely manner.
As a rule, regular maintenance of the car is carried out once a year. It implies complete replacement some liquids, as well as monitoring the performance of spare partsresponsible for the life and safety of systems. As a guideline for annual maintenance, you can use the odometer reading, closely monitoring the mileage of the car.
Once a year, regardless of the distance traveled, it is necessary to change the engine oil. On the modern engines it is allowed to replace it every 12,000-15,000 kilometers. At the same time, new oil, air and fuel filters are installed. In cities where the level of dust is significantly increased, it is recommended to change the air filter to a new one twice a year.
By the way, with the same frequency it is advised to change the fuel filters to diesel vehicles. Especially on those of them whose age has exceeded ten years. This prevents the occurrence serious problems in the fuel system and to some extent facilitates the operation of the engine.
Annual car maintenance implies mandatory monitoring of the condition of the brake, fuel and engine cooling systems. First of all, their tightness is checked and possible leaks are detected. If necessary, the fluid level is replenished.
Particular attention should be paid to the inspection of the brake system. Here it is no longer enough to check the fluid level, but attention should be paid to the pads and brake discs. If chips or other signs of wear are found that are important for normal operation brake system parts must be replaced.
In order to avoid problems in the operation of the engine, do not refrain from checking the condition of the timing belt. As a rule, it is recommended to change it every 60,000-80,000 kilometers, but on low-power modern engines, it can work longer. However, on its working surface there should be no signs of wear, which are cracks. The condition of the auxiliary drive belt is also checked in the same way.
Finally, you should pay attention to fastening the wheels by setting the correct tightening torque for the bolts or nuts. This is done using a torque wrench. Don't forget to check the condition of the spare. Its general condition is monitored to ensure that, if necessary, the wheel can be used for its intended purpose.
Anyone who has the habit of planning everything ahead of time and using records to control himself should have a personal checklist in which all information about vehicle: when - after what mileage and at what period of operation something needs to be checked / replaced, because today there are a lot of consumables, components and assemblies in a difficult vehicle stuffed with electronics. Only for 10,000 km. car mileage, many automakers advise changing a bunch of consumables: filters, oil or an air filter.
Of course, car maintenance is more than just filling the tank with fuel and regularly changing the engine oil. However, if you have a clear list of what should be changed in the car and when, it will become easier to maintain it.
So let's get started! It will be important to record when a particular part in the car was checked / replaced, and when the next replacement should be carried out. Only the important elements that are necessary for checking / replacing will be considered below.
This element is no less important than the fuel itself for a car. At the time of work power unit the fuel filter does not let dirt and all kinds of debris into the cylinder block and does not allow the nozzles to become clogged. Naturally, over time, it needs to be replaced. In addition, at the time of replacing such a filter, the fuel pump mesh will also have to be changed.
Where is the place of the fuel filter: in each car model, its location is different, but usually its place is under the engine, and in this case it can be seen and changed. Sometimes the fuel filter is located in the gas tank itself or under the bottom of the car. Because the fuel system always under pressure, and the fuel lines themselves are very tight, it is better to entrust its replacement to a specialist.
What is the frequency of inspection / replacement: it is advisable to change the fuel filter once every two years or after 30,000-50,000. km. run.
How much will you have to pay for the replacement: the filter itself costs 400-1200 rubles, and its replacement will cost 200-600 rubles.
Checking the level of all fluids in the machine should be done more often. If the liquid needs to be added, then you should make sure that the recommended by the manufacturer is added.
Location: Driver's side.
How often should I check/change: This should be done once every two months. The power steering fluid does not need a special replacement.
Oil filter and machine oil
Engine oil provides protection for fast-rubbing engine elements that are under heavy load and need to be replaced frequently.
Where it is located: The oil filler is located on top of the engine. The oil level is checked with a dipstick. Place oil filter under the motor.
Frequency of check/replacement: engine oil changes after 10-15 thousand km. run. The engine oil level should be checked every two months.
What is the cost of an oil change: the price of oil is from 1,200 to 2,500 rubles. plus its replacement, which will cost 600-2,000 rubles.
battery
How often car batteries have the happiness of receiving attention? Most likely, not less often than a generator, electrical wiring, etc. But the battery should be changed much more often than the one listed, although less often than oil and filters.
Where is the battery located: its place is under the hood.
How often it needs to be checked / changed: it depends on the operating conditions, but as a rule this is done after 3-5 years or after 40-80 thousandth run.
What is the replacement cost: accumulator battery costs 3-10 thousand rubles, but the price depends on the model and its characteristics.
Air filter also needs a lot of attention. Its purpose, like fuel, is to purify the air.
Some cars have sensors that signal when the air filter is dirty.
Where it is located: its place next to the motor or on top of it.
How often does it need to be checked / changed: this should be done every 30-50 thousand km. run.
What is the cost of replacement: you will have to pay from 300 to 1,000 rubles, but the driver can change it himself.
The automatic transmission uses a fluid that performs the direct functions of an oil. Her untimely replacement leading to costly repairs. Prevention of the box is as simple as the prevention of filters.
