Reservoirs and tanks are used for transportation and storage various kinds fuels, oil, water and gas, some building materials, chemicals, and foodstuffs. Many do not know how to calculate the volume of a container, because they can have a different geometric shape:
- Cone;
- cylinder;
- Spheres;
- Rectangular parallelepiped.
In our article, we will get acquainted with the nuances of the calculation for specific geometric bodies.
How to find out the volume of a rectangular container
In the field of construction, all volume indicators are reduced to specific values. Calculations can be made in liters or dm 3 , but most often cubic meters are used to determine the amount of a material. How to calculate the cubature of the simplest rectangular containers will be described further with a specific example.
For work, we need a container, a construction tape measure and a notebook with a pen or pencil for calculations. From the course of geometry it is known that the volume of such bodies is calculated by multiplying the length, width and height of the product. The calculation formula is as follows
V=a*b*c, where a, b and c are the sides of the container.
For example, the length of our product is 150 centimeters, the width is 80 centimeters, and the height is 50 centimeters. For the correct calculation of the cubature, we translate the indicated values into meters and carry out the necessary calculations V = 1.5 * 0.8 * 0.5 = 0.6 m3.
How to determine the volume of a spherical product
Spherical products are found in our lives almost every day. It can be a bearing element, a soccer ball or the writing part of a ballpoint pen. In some cases, we need to know how to calculate the cubature of a sphere to determine the amount of liquid in it.
According to experts, to calculate the volume of this figure, the formula is used V=4/3ԉr3, where:
- V is the calculated volume of the part;
- R is the radius of the sphere;
- ԉ is a constant value equal to 3.14.
To carry out the necessary calculations, we need to take a tape measure, fix the beginning of the measuring scale and measure it, and the tape tape must pass along the equator of the ball. After that, the diameter of the part is found out by dividing the size by the number ԉ.
And now let's get acquainted with a specific example of calculating for a sphere if its circumference is 2.5 meters. First, we determine the diameter of 2.5 / 3.14 \u003d 0.8 meters. Now we substitute this value into the formula:
V= (4*3.14*0.8³)/3=2.14m³
How to calculate the volume of a tank made in the form of a cylinder
Similar geometric shapes are used for food storage, fuel transportation and other purposes. Many do not know how to calculate the volume of water, but we will describe the main nuances of such a process later in our article.
The height of a liquid in a cylindrical container is determined by special device measuring rod. In this case, the capacity of the tank is calculated according to special tables. Products with special tables for measuring volume are rare in life, so let's approach the solution of the problem in a different way and describe how to calculate the volume of a cylinder using a special formula - V \u003d S * L, where
- V is the volume of the geometric body;
- S is the cross-sectional area of the product in specific units of measurement (m³);
- L is the length of the tank.
The L indicator can be measured using the same tape measure, but the cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe cylinder will have to be calculated. The S index is calculated by the formula S=3.14*d*d/4, where d is the diameter of the cylinder circumference.
Now let's take a look at a specific example. Let's say the length of our tank is 5 meters, its diameter is 2.8 meters. First, we calculate the cross-sectional area of the geometric figure S = 3.14 * 2.8 * 2.8 / 4 = 6.15m. And now you can start calculating the volume of the tank 6.15 * 5 = 30.75 m³.
Each car has its own There is no specific standard for the volume parameter that all car manufacturers would adhere to. Let's see what are the capacities of fuel tanks different type, we define the features and arrangement of these elements.
How manufacturers calculate
It is believed that a car must have enough fuel so that it can travel 500 kilometers on one gas station. This is an unwritten rule that many automakers adhere to. Therefore, the capacity fuel tank will be different for cars with high and low fuel consumption.
On average, the fuel tank holds 55-70 liters of gasoline, however, due to the reduced fuel consumption of small engines, there is a tendency to reduce the capacity of the fuel tank. This is logical, because a passenger car with a small engine displacement needs much less fuel in order to travel 500 km. In addition, the efficiency of the fuel itself is growing due to an increase in the octane number and the use of various additives, which also implies savings and a decrease in tank capacity. A big jeep with a voracious engine will "eat" much more gasoline, therefore, its fuel tank should be more capacious.
As for diesel, the fuel tank of cars that consume diesel fuel is often smaller compared to petrol cars. This is logical, since the efficiency of diesel fuel is higher than the efficiency of gasoline. Therefore, a car with a 40-litre tank full of diesel fuel will travel the same distance as a car with a full 50-litre tank. But this is too rough a comparison.
Fuel tanks of passenger cars
In order to roughly understand the numbers, you need to refer to technical parameters cars. The new "Lada Vesta" of the Russian concern "AvtoVAZ" is equipped with a tank with a capacity of 55 liters. This is a fairly high figure, and the closest competitors - Kia Rio and Hyundai Solaris - are equipped with 43-liter tanks. The fuel consumption of these cars is approximately the same, which means that the Lada will travel a longer distance on a full tank, which is one of the advantages.
More big car Volkswagen Tiguan is equipped with a 58-64 liter tank (depending on the specific modification), and huge cars like Toyota Land cruiser, with high fuel consumption, have 93-liter tanks.
As for the size, everything is much more complicated with this. Some manufacturers make rectangular tanks that can be approximately 60x40x20 cm. There are tanks with completely different dimensions, and some manufacturers adapt these fuel containers to fit into the design. Their size cannot be described by three or four parameters.
Truck tank capacities
As for trucks, the KamAZ car is popular, the fuel tank of which, depending on the model, can have a different volume. The smallest capacity is 125 liters. However, due to the high fuel consumption, KamAZ is not able to travel a long distance (and even with a load) on such a tank, so the manufacturer has provided for other containers that are used on this vehicle. Thus, a KamAZ fuel tank can have a capacity of 125 to 600 liters in increments of 50 or 40 liters.
There may also be non-standard modifications of tanks for 700 liters. The fact is that not only the manufacturing plant manufactures fuel tanks, third-party manufacturers can also do this. In general, there is little chance of finding products from the KamAZ plant on the market, most often there are tanks from third-party manufacturers.
The second popular truck is the GAZelle. Despite the fact that this machine is a cargo, GAZelle fuel tank holds only 60 liters of gasoline. And this is very inconvenient, given that the fuel consumption of the car is quite large. Therefore, when driving long distances, you have to take additional canisters of fuel with you.
Some owners of these cars change the old, small tank for a new one. Third-party manufacturers produce fuel tanks for the GAZelle with a capacity of up to 150 liters.
All this allows us to conclude that the fuel tank is a variable, not a constant value, and it is different for different cars. Even in two identical models can be used perfectly various capacities for fuels with different capacities.
Huge trucks like SCANIA 113 have tanks for 450-500 liters. The XF can have an 870-litre fuel tank, while the heavy-duty F90 has a 1,260-litre tank. It's just incredibly large capacity, and the small 45-liter tanks of passenger cars look ridiculous against their background.
Fuel tank device
Now that we understand how many liters a fuel tank can hold gasoline, we can talk about its design. On the cars it is placed in the rear of the body, under the passenger seats. At the same time, it is covered with a strong metal plate to avoid deformation during a collision, and is also isolated from overheating using special heat-insulating gaskets.
Material
Tanks can be made of metal, aluminum, plastic. Aluminum tanks are used to store diesel and gasoline fuel, steel tanks are used for gas. As for plastic tanks, they have become very popular in recent times due to the ease of production and molding. Due to the peculiarities of plastic to quickly acquire the desired shape, manufacturers create tanks of various design difficulties. In addition, this material is not subject to corrosion, well protects against leaks due to the use of different technologies (coating the inner surface with fluorine is one of them).
Fuel filler neck
The tank is filled through the neck, which is most often located above the rear wing of the right or left side. The experts explain that the left side is ideal from the point of view of safety of the fuel filler neck, since when refueling it reduces the chances of starting off before the filling nozzle is removed from the tank. So the driver has better control over the process.
The neck is connected to the tank through a pipeline, and it is located under a special cap of the fuel tank neck. This cover on older cars opens from the outside (that is, any passer-by can open it), but on modern machines the lid opens from inside. The most commonly used mechanical method of opening with a cable.
fuel line
The supply of gasoline or diesel fuel to the engine power system is carried out through the output fuel line. A fuel pump is also used for this, which pumps gasoline from the tank into the engine power system. Fuel not consumed by the engine is returned to the tank. So gasoline constantly circulates through the fuel line: part of it is spent on the operation of the engine, and the second is returned back.
Level control sensor
This sensor is in all tanks and is part of the fuel pump. If the gasoline level goes down, the float goes down. This entails changing the resistance of the potentiometer connected to the float. As a result, the voltage in the mains drops, and the arrow on dashboard displays the change. So the driver sees how much gasoline is left in the tank.
Ventilation
One of the important systems is ventilation. The fact is that in the tank you must always maintain a pressure equal to atmospheric pressure, and ventilation is responsible for this. Modern machines equipped with a closed tank ventilation system, which prevents a drop or increase in pressure inside it. If the pressure inside the tank drops, then it can deform, and an increase in pressure in general can tear the tank apart. Considering that there is fuel inside, a lot of attention is paid to the implementation of an effective ventilation system.
When the fuel leaves the tank, the pressure in it drops, resulting in a vacuum. Thanks to the ventilation system, this effect is eliminated: the safety valve lets air in. This valve is located at the neck cover, and it can only pass air in one direction.
When refueling, excess air enters the tank, which causes gasoline vapors to form. These excesses are forced out by the ventilation system through a special pipeline. Gasoline vapors can also form at elevated temperatures, which also leads to an increase in pressure. And only the ventilation system saves the tank from its complete rupture into pieces.
Conclusion
The fuel tank of a car is a rather complex structure. Despite the apparent simplicity of the device, many different processes occur in the tank (evaporation, fuel oxidation), which must be taken into account when developing these tanks. But if we compare the tank device with a motor, or at least with a power system, then it will seem primitive.
Now you know how the fuel tank works, what is its volume in cars and trucks, and why it is so small in small cars. Against the background of all this, the tendency to reduce the capacity of the tank in modern
Fuel tank volume largely depends on its structure. Different vehicle models have their own design.
What determines the volume of the fuel tank?
Volume indicators must be such that the vehicle can run 600 kilometers. It is usually installed from below. rear seat against rear axle. It is in this place, according to all calculations, that the smallest probability of deformation if an impact suddenly occurs.
The tank can be made of plastic or metal. Moreover, today plastic tanks are more often used - not least because they take up less space during installation and can be of any desired shape. Thus, the driver receives a fuel tank with the necessary maximum volumes. To avoid any leakage, the walls of the tanks are made multi-layered. Also, these indicators can be affected by:
- body type;
- system design;
- general configuration;
- injection system;
- climatic version;
- propulsion device.
The dimensions of the car also affect the volume: usually in large cars and fuel tanks are rather big.
Fuel system
Sometimes the structure and, accordingly, the volume of the tank are different even on the example of one model. In order to be able to fill the tank, it has a filler neck. In fact, this part is the only one visible from the outside. Most often it is located on top of the rear wing.
The presented part is connected to the pipeline tank, and the section is made in such a way that the ability to pass fifty liters / minute is ensured. The neck can be closed by means of a cap put on the thread. Everything is hidden by a hatch that opens with a special drive (which can be powered by electricity or mechanically). Sometimes the hatch can be opened manually.
The ingress of fuel into the power system is carried out by means of an intake connected to the outlet of the fuel wire. Residues are drained back through the fuel drain line. You can close the intake with a mesh, which is specially made to clean the fuel. Such a device, installed on a diesel car, is equipped with a special heating system. Sometimes car owners use a regular intake instead of a heated one. They can also refer to heating nozzles.
An electric fuel pump is usually placed in the gas tank - it is he who must pressurize the fuel. The fuel level is controlled by means of a sensor that is connected to the pumping device.
The components of the sensor are a potentiometer, as well as a sensor. As soon as the volume of fuel changes, the potentiometer readings change. As a result, there is a change in voltage followed by a change of arrow. With a complex design, a pair of sensors are mounted in the tank at once, functioning in parallel.
In order for the engine to receive the required amount of fuel, it is necessary that constant pressure indicators are maintained inside the tank. For this in vehicle the ventilation system works - thanks to it, the vacuum that appears when fuel is produced is neutralized. A special valve is needed to remove excess air that is inside during refueling and does not allow pressure to rise.
Tank care
Regardless of the volume of the tank, it should be properly looked after. Moreover, this is true for cars with high mileage. Alas, due to the poor quality of the fuel, along with hydrocarbons, impurities appear in the tank that settle on its walls. When they accumulate, they flake off and contaminate the filter responsible for coarse cleaning. As a result, the fuel simply does not pass through the intake.
The solution to this problem, however, is not difficult. Cleaning required. It will also help increase the volume of the fuel tank. Usually the inside of the tank is washed with special chemicals.
Fuel tank design
As mentioned above, you can determine how much the fuel tank is, after knowing what it is made of: plastic material or metal. Metal tanks are usually made from stamped sheets:
- if they run on gasoline or diesel, aluminum is used;
- if the work is carried out on gas, steel is used.
Of course, metal tanks are distinguished by high strength and wear resistance - however, in terms of volume, they are usually inferior to plastic ones. In addition, there are limitations associated with forms.
But tanks made of plastic can be made in various configurations and, accordingly, have different volumes. In addition, these products are famous for their resistance to scratches, corrosive effects, and have good density.
Leaks in them are impossible, since the walls are made in several layers. The inner part is treated with a protective fluorine layer. Also, differences between fuel tanks can be due to:
- ICE type;
- body;
- Structural features;
- Fuel supply system.
What are the tank sizes?
As already mentioned, different models and, moreover, car brands may have their own volumes. For example, Ford fuel tank capacity equals approximately 50-55 liters, depending on the model and type of fuel used. As a rule, this is enough to move freely over long distances and not refuel daily.
Inside the tank, by the way, there is a sensor that controls the fuel level. Pumping devices are also placed in some models (for example, Ford Focus). When they are on diesel-powered vehicles, the principle of operation is special: the fuel is pumped and fed directly into the system.
Finally, all Fords have a fuel line - both forward and reverse. When repairing the tank, the fuel material is removed through the neck, where fuel is poured.
- Toyota fuel tank volume can range from 45 liters (Toyota Tercel) to 98 liters (Toyota Sequoia). If we talk about the most popular models, on average, these figures are 50-70 liters.
- KIA fuel tank volume equals, on average, 55 liters, although, of course, there are models with smaller and larger rates. Moreover, than newer model(this can be seen in the example Kia Sportage), the smaller the fuel tanks become.
- Fuel tank volume GAS is about 70 liters. Naturally, there can be plenty of fuel material in such a container.
- Nissan fuel tank volume ranges from 50 liters (Nissan 200SX) to 106 liters (Titan, Armada, QX56 and so on). As for the most popular models, like Nissan Maxima or Nissan Frontier, their volume indicators are 60-65 liters.
- The volume of the fuel tank VAZ- at least for many models of this car brand- is 39 liters. The container itself is made up of two parts, for stamping of which leaded sheets are used. In such tanks, a filter in the form of a grid is also mounted - it helps to carry out the primary filtration of the fuel. So that gasoline can be drained, there is drain plug and getting there is as easy as shelling pears: remove the rubber plug that closes the hole at the bottom of the trunk.
- Renault fuel tank volume equals 50 liters if it is a Duster model (in this case, plastic tanks are used) and 50 liters for the Logan model. By the way, in terms of fuel consumption, these cars are considered quite economical: for example, Renault can consume about 10 liters on urban roads, and only 5.7 liters on the highway. If a pavement mixed, approximately 7.2 liters are consumed.
- Hyundai fuel tank volume, as in the case of other cars, depends on the specific model. Usually this range varies from 45 liters (Hyundai Accent) to 79.9 liters (Sorento or Sedona). The Sonata model, popular with motorists, has a tank of 65 liters.
- UAZ fuel tank volume ranges from 56 liters (for example, model 390945) to 87 liters (model Patriot). UAZ Loaf has a fuel tank reaching 56 liters, but the popular UAZ Hunter has a tank with a capacity of 78 liters.
- The volume of the fuel tank Kamaz, of course, exceeds the indicators listed above, since we are talking about truck. The approximate range varies from 175 liters (models 55102 and 5511) to 500 liters (model 65117). Usually Kamaz truck models have fuel tanks, the volume indicators of which are 350 liters.
Knowing working volume of the fuel tank, you can roughly understand how much time and how far the car can travel without having to refuel again. A lot also depends on the configuration of the fuel tank, what fuel is used and, finally, what type of engine.
Maximum volume of fuel tanks limited by a special international agreement concerning dangerous freight traffic. When devices exceed in volume the figures specified in this agreement, they automatically begin to be considered as dangerous goods (problems may arise when crossing the border). And this is considered dangerous goods”, regardless of how much is contained inside the fuel.
The following table summarizes the fuel tank capacity of some car brands:
| Ford | 50-55 liters |
| Toyota | 45-88 liters |
| KIA | from 55 liters |
| GAS | 70 liters |
| NISSAN | 50-106 liters |
| VAZ | from 39 liters |
| Renault | 50 liters |
| Hyundai | 45-79.9 liters |
| UAZ | 56-87 liters |
| Kamaz | 175-500 liters |
.
asks: Evgenia Selezneva.
Essence of the question Q: What is the capacity of the fuel tank?
We have two Duster SUVs in our family at once. Version with all-wheel drive the tank holds 50 liters, on a monodrive - 60. Checked more than once at the same gas station. According to the documents, there is a volume of "50", moreover, for all versions at once. But the capacity of the Renault Duster fuel tank with a monodrive will be larger in any case. What is it equal to?
The volume of the Renault Duster fuel tank according to the passport is 60 liters!
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I own a Renault Megan 2 car, before that there were Citroens and Peugeots. I work in the service area dealer center, so I know the device of the car "from and to". You can always turn to me for advice.
Know that in reality the tank volume of Duster crossovers is 60 liters. This also applies to the 4×4 version, where, according to the reader, 50 liters of fuel are placed. There is one little trick - you need to fill the tank gradually. At top speed filling often forms a plug. It covers those same 10 liters. Therefore, the number "50" is written in the documentation.
If the filling rate is equal to 40 ml / s, you can get an "extra" 10 liters even on the 4x4 version.
Designations:
- 4WD tank - "16" (photo 1);
- 2WD tank - "15" (photo 2).
If you filled in not high-quality, but rinse the gas tank.
4WD version and its features
You can study how the tank of an all-wheel drive crossover works. A thin tube (top) goes to the neck, through which air is removed.
Two tubes are connected to the neck
The upper tube can be blocked, and the volume of the tank will not change, but the air lock will dissolve slowly.
So, we found out that the volume of the Renault Duster fuel tank is the same in all versions. The exact value is 60 liters. There can be no other options.
For general development
Do not confuse two different concepts. The tank of each car is equipped with a vapor tube. And also, if required, the design has a branch pipe for removal airlock. It was he who was shown in the photo above.
Gas tank of ZIL and GAZ trucks
All trucks, even domestic ones, are about the same: there are two different tubes through which air is vented. The steam outlet is marked with the number "5". It is connected to a tube that goes under the cab. And tube "2" has nothing to do with fuel vapor - it is needed to eliminate the plug.
If the pipe "2" is clogged, nothing bad will happen. The cork diverges in the volume of the tank, even if it is not helped. Simply, this process is slow.
Video example: a rare case with a level sensor error