The economic crisis that has taken place in recent years has led to the fact that fewer people can afford to buy new car. However, you still need to ride something. In this case, the question of acquisition arises. At the same time, some people spend a considerable amount of time and effort searching for a car "from the owner", while others prefer to save time and purchase a used vehicle in a car dealership. Can it be done? What pitfalls await buyers?
Buying a car in small car dealerships such as "parking lot" or from a reseller
Perhaps the most undesirable course of action is to buy a car in the open market such as "car park" or from private dealers. As a rule, such people and organizations buy very cheap cars that have significant technical problems, put them on the move and sell them at a draconian markup. However, the issue here is not only a high output price. The fact is that the repair of such cars is carried out in the most budgetary version. No one will spend significant financial resources on a car that is being prepared for sale. Rotten parts of the metal may not be welded, but smeared with putty and painted over with anti-gravel, mutilated seats are covered with the cheapest covers, additives can be added to the engine to temporarily reduce the smoke of a worn-out and faulty power unit.
As for documents, not everything is smooth here either. The fact is that resellers and small car dealerships do not register a car as a property. Until the moment of registration, the vehicle formally remains registered to the old owner. At the same time, the reseller will try to avoid any mention of himself in the documents by selling the car under a fictitious contract signed by the old owner. In most cases, this scheme works, and the new buyer registers the car without any problems. However, overlaps may occur in some cases. So, for example, tired of waiting for a sale, old owner can simply cancel the registration of the car in his name. At the time of registration of this vehicle the buyer will have serious problems. But getting your money back from the reseller will be almost impossible.
As a conclusion, we can say that it is, in principle, possible to buy vehicles from frank dealers. However, before buying, it is required to conduct a thorough diagnosis of the car, and also require that the seller carry out the transaction on his own behalf, indicating full cost cars in the contract of sale.
Buying a car in a relatively large dealership that sells commission cars
The situation with documents in such car dealerships is much better than in the first case. As a rule, here the organization concludes with the owner an agreement on the commission of a car or an agreement on the provision of services for its sale. A separate clause in such agreements stipulates that the old owner undertakes not to terminate the registration of the car, and also guarantees that the vehicle is free from any claims to it from third parties.
The technical condition of cars in such car dealerships, as a rule, is better than that of private resellers and small trading floors. A large dealership, taking care of its reputation, will not accept cars with serious technical or body defects for sale. However, minor defects that do not have a significant impact on performance characteristics vehicle (scratches, rust pockets) can be masked to bring the car into the form corresponding to the asking price for it. At the same time, the quality of such repairs does not always correspond to the required parameters.
In addition to all of the above, car dealerships that care about their reputation give the buyer a certain guarantee for large components and assemblies of the car. In fact, this guarantee is nothing more than a time to check the goods, but in any case, it represents some protection for the buyer from low-quality products.
Conclusion - you can buy used cars in large car dealerships. Here the buyer receives a guarantee of the legal cleanliness of the vehicle, as well as some protection against major malfunctions immediately after purchase. However, we should not forget that the car dealership does not have information about how it was operated and serviced. this car, which means that it cannot guarantee with absolute certainty its long-term and trouble-free operation by the buyer. In addition, prices in such car dealerships are much higher than those of small organizations.
Perhaps this type of purchase of a used car is the safest. Such a statement has the right to life, if only because cars are rented to such car dealerships not because they are completely worn out and unusable, but in order to receive a discount on a new car. At the same time, a prerequisite for receiving a car in almost all salons operating in the system is the absence of major technical problems on the car being handed over and the readiness of the vehicle for daily active operation.
In addition, the car dealership, which sells mainly new cars, does not repair and restore old ones. They are sold in the condition in which they were delivered. So, all existing shortcomings are visible to the buyer immediately. Based on what he saw, he can conclude that it is possible or impossible to acquire the desired car.
The cost of used cars in trade showrooms is also adequate and justified, because the purpose of a car dealership is to quickly sell them and compensate for financial losses incurred in the process of providing a discount to a client.
Read: 13 110
Today, while studying a well-known automotive bulletin board on the net, I saw a 2014 release worth almost 700,000 rubles. I decided to see what kind of three-year-old car it was, almost as good as new. Naturally, for this money, I saw that a car is being sold in a complete set with beautiful rims etc. But this does not justify the market price of the car. Then I realized that the owner of the car put a large price tag due to the fact that he is the sole owner of the car, and also due to the low mileage of his car. But is it justified? Is a single owner car worth more?
Naturally, it was impossible to draw conclusions from one ad on the Internet, and I decided to conduct a little analysis of dealers and used car dealers. As a result, I saw that the market value of used cars is formed in a special way.
Here's what affects the value of used cars:
- Engine power
- Year of issue
- Technical condition
- Mileage
- Number of owners
- Balance of supply and demand
Yes, there are of course many other factors that also affect the market value of a car. But if you carefully look at the main list of reasons that directly affect pricing, then you will surely immediately highlight the line "Number of owners" for yourself. I also paid attention to it, because after my analysis of the market, I realized that the number of owners in the history of a car significantly affects the final cost of a car on the market.
But is it justified? Let's figure it out. Indeed, having studied a huge number of ads on the Internet, I came to the conclusion that in our country, cars with one owner are much more expensive than vehicles owned by several owners.
And sometimes I came across ads in which the cost of the same model, the same year of manufacture, with the same characteristics, differed significantly only due to the number of car owners.
When I saw in the ad a 3-year-old cost of which "in full stuffing"at the moment a little cheaper than a new car, then I confess that in front of me was a car in perfect condition with a rich set of options that anyone who is looking for this model on the market would want to buy. But the average market price Hyundai Solaris 2014 years of release in ours is 530,000 rubles. Especially in recent times, prices have begun to fall due to the emergence of a new Hyundai generations solaris.
But why then was this car sold for almost 700 thousand rubles? And the most interesting thing is that this announcement was not one. I found many cars more expensive than 650,000 rubles. The most interesting thing is that almost all the cars in these ads had one owner in their history and were sold with low mileage.
Then I did a study of other cars and found the same pattern: the fewer owners, the more expensive the car is.
Yes, of course, the mileage of the car significantly affects the cost. But if considered separately, then the number of car owners really affects the price tag. Moreover, the impact on the final cost is no worse than the mileage of the car.
Now a question. Is a car with low mileage and one owner really worth much more? For example, is the price of 650-700 thousand rubles of Hyundai Solaris of 2014 justified, which is at least 170,000 rubles more expensive than most cars?
In my opinion, of course, this price is not justified, given the information that I received after reading the ad and calling the seller to find out the details. In the end, I realized that the price tag was absurd, since I did not receive information that would justify this cost.
I also called on other ads that offered cars a little cheaper (650 thousand + rubles) and also did not receive an excuse for inflated price tags, since even a small mileage inexpensive car cannot justify the overpayment to the average market prices in the amount of more than 100 thousand rubles.
One car owner
It looks like the world is possessed. Especially the growth of the market is observed in our country, where the number of transactions has increased significantly over several years. And what is most interesting, second-hand cars with one owner, as a rule, are much more expensive, but they sell out quickly enough than those that changed their owners several times, passing from hand to hand. But personally, I don’t understand this, because sometimes the difference in cost is huge.
By the way, on this occasion there are many opinions on the net that justify the inflated "price tag" of a car with one owner. Here are a few for example:
If someone buys a new car and drives it for a decade, then it's likely that the car has received the same level of maintenance and has been driven with the same driving style and the same owner attitude during that period.
With several owners, the car may have tended to have a different attitude towards itself: different level Maintenance, as well as experienced different driving styles, which can ultimately adversely affect its long-term reliability and service.
Here is another argument in favor of a car with one owner:
Another reason why single owner cars are so in demand in the car market is that the first owner who buys a new car is likely to have more financial resources for maintenance and upkeep than, for example, the sixth owner in the history of a car who, for example, buys A 15-year-old car for only 150,000 rubles.
These points seem logical, but they are based solely on assumptions. In fact, the only thing that justifies the inflated cost of the car is the timely replacement of all fluids, the timely replacement of all worn parts, etc.
The argument that a car should cost more due to the consistency of a single owner's car and driving style doesn't stand up to scrutiny. Especially if the cost of a car is much more expensive than the average market price.
Yes, of course, the argument that people who buy used cars are probably worse off maintaining their cars than those who buy new cars is probably true. But only in part. The fact is that it is unequivocal to say that used car buyers will be significantly worse at keeping track of their old cars than those who have only recently bought new car, it is forbidden. In fact, the attitude to the car primarily depends on people. After all, you will agree that both the buyer of a new car and the buyer of an old car can follow the car badly.
The real benefit of a "single owner" car is possible, as many auto experts believe, "same level of car care" , which consists in the timely maintenance of the car. I mean by this term that the buyer of a new car and its sole owner knows better what components and parts have already been replaced in the car during its life and what maintenance will need to be done in the future. After all, subsequent car owners may not carry out any scheduled maintenance, deciding to save money or due to the lack of a history of scheduled maintenance. In this case, yes, of course, cars with several owners may not receive the planned engineering works, which ultimately may affect the reliability of the car.
For example, in this case, the second and third owners may be out of time, which can lead to problems in the future. After all, the sole owner probably paid close attention to the maintenance schedule, while subsequent owners will probably take less care of the machine.
But again, this is all an assumption that many of us make when choosing a used car that we want to overpay for.
And if this overpayment is small and reasonable, then buying a car with one owner is preferable. But if the cost of the car significantly exceeds the average market prices, then the purchase is absurd.
Yes, of course, if the car is only 5 years old, but it has already changed its owner dozens of times, then you should think about it and in no case buy this option. Indeed, there is something wrong with her. But it's not about that. It really doesn't matter how many people own the car. Much more important is who it belonged to and for how long.
After all, all three owners of the car could treat the car with care and carry out maintenance on time and timely change worn-out spare parts for new ones. Agree that it is better to buy a car with three owners, but with a service history from the dealer, than a car with one owner without a maintenance history.
small mileage
Now let's talk about the low mileage of used cars on the market. What do you think, how should two identical three-year-old cars with a mileage of 25,000 km and 75,000 km differ in price? Many believe that in this case the price tag should differ significantly, which we often see in ads. Especially at dealers. But I would not say that there should be a significant difference in price due to this mileage and that it is justified.
Of course, fewer kilometers on the odometer affects the degree of wear of many components of the car. This is especially true for moving parts such as U-joints, bearings, ball joints, fluids, bushings, etc.
Therefore, in a car with a mileage of 75,000 km, some of the above components may already be worn out. Also, many of the above components must be replaced. Naturally, in what condition the car will be at 75,000 km of run depends only on the owner, who will either replace all worn parts as part of scheduled maintenance or ignore it.
Naturally, if some parts were not replaced in a car with a mileage of 75,000 km due to natural wear and tear, then its buyer will have to do it at his own expense. The same applies to a car, for example, at a mileage of 120,000 km, where, in the case of a regular full maintenance, the owner or several owners have already replaced a number of suspension components by this mileage on the odometer, fuel system etc. and, accordingly, the purchase of this car is also not terrible, since the car is actually in perfect condition.
That is why on the market you can often find cars in better technical condition with a mileage of more than 100,000 km than cars with a mileage of up to 70,000 km. As you can see, it all depends on how timely the owner or owners of the car carried out scheduled maintenance and whether all worn parts were changed. So sometimes buying a car with a mileage of 120,000 km is much more reasonable and preferable than buying a car with low mileage.
Why am I all this? You probably already understood that the history of car maintenance is 100 times more important than the number of its owners and the number of kilometers on the odometer.
Remember that the number of owners and low mileage of a car does not directly tell you what is in front of you. a good option. It's all speculation, after all.
Much more important is whether there is a history of maintenance of the car.
Accordingly, it is stupid to overpay a lot of money only for a small mileage and the number of car owners in the history. Especially if there is no maintenance history of the machine.
And overpaying only on the assumption that the only owner of a car with low mileage most likely treated the car better is absurd.
Indeed, using the example of Hyundai Solaris 2014, you will agree to overpay 170,000 rubles stupidly, only on the basis of our assumptions.
By the way, having phoned the owner of this Hyundai Solaris, I found out that he does not have a car service history from official dealer, which accordingly does not give you a guarantee that the owner of the car changed all fluids and worn components on time.
Therefore, overpaying for a car with an unconfirmed history does not make sense.
But what is most surprising is the large number of used car buyers in our country who without hesitation purchase a used car significantly overpaying based only on the assumptions that the only owner of a car with low mileage most likely treated it carefully and carried out maintenance on time.
But once again I repeat this is stupid and absurd.
And notice I gave only an example of the difference in the cost of a cheap economy class car. But there are many examples in our market when the difference in price can be even 500 thousand - 700 thousand rubles . Especially if we consider premium cars, where pricing is still a mystery to me.
For a long time you wanted to buy a car or change the old “trough” for a brand new “swallow” and now it happened. There are several reasons: they passed on the rights, dad gave his old car and gave the go-ahead for its exchange (sale), gave a loan or accumulated themselves. Hands are shaking, ads “I’m selling a car **** year of manufacture for *** rubles merge into one line and can’t wait to buy at least something, just to get behind the wheel and go.
But I will write how not to buy a car and what to look for:
1) I saw bought.
As much as you don't want to, don't grab the first thing you see. The system is the same as when buying things, they bought sneakers, and when they left the market or store they saw better, more beautiful, etc. It’s the same with a car, you shouldn’t buy without looking at all the options, or at least some of them.
2)Miser pays twice.
Do not chase cheap goods, it may look like “candy”, but inside, a bucket of bolts if not worse (although it doesn’t get worse) Invest three or more times more than you saved, even if the seller beats his chest and swears all the birds in the Garden of Eden, that the machine is a beast.
3) Look and feel
When buying a car, do not stand like an idol, sit in the cabin, take a ride and look smartly under the hood - this is not enough. Go around the car, don't be afraid to get dirty, kneel down and see what's on the bottom of the car. If you don't understand cars, take a person with you who understands. Two eyes is good, but four is better.
4)Tortured "horses"
Don't take a boosted car or after a race. Engines on such machines die like flies on a hot afternoon. I’ll explain on the “fingers” you bought a leather jacket, with even walking, at the points of contact it will shuffle, let’s say, in five years, and if you constantly run, then in a year or two.
It is easy to lure information about participation in races. Pretend that you are crazy about speed, want to go to street racing and casually ask. Whether the machine will pull or not. The seller will begin to praise “Yes, I drove myself, but I won against Petka, and Mishka swallowed dust from under the wheels and in general ....” This is where you think about how exhausted the engine, gearbox, chassis, etc. are.
If you ask about the race directly, few people confess.
5)Saved on a car service, consider that you got there right away
Do not take the car without first visiting the car service. The first inspection was carried out by you, and the second one should be carried out by specialists, on lifts, with diagnostics of all systems. The first plus, if there is a defect, you can bargain by finding out the cost of its elimination (of course, if the defect is not a threat to life), let's say the lambazond, air conditioning, high-pressure fuel pump does not work (usually Toyota Vista Ardeo, not designed for Russian gasoline and often breaks down, the original part costs about eight thousand rubles.If it does not work properly, it mixes the fuel poorly and starts to smell of hydrogen sulfide in the cabin, (rotten eggs) it gets worse, the automatic transmission stalls at traffic lights, in traffic jams, on the highway, constantly jumping speed, etc.)
6) Verification of numbers
Do not take the car without first verifying the body and engine numbers (more precisely, do not give money until you pass the verification). Usually registration takes place with the former owner, but there are many options, for example, a general power of attorney, a purchase and sale agreement, etc. If the numbers do not match, the car will not be registered, you will explain and prove its purchase to the police for a long time, and the seller will buy a new car or go on vacation, in short, you will not return the money.
7)Petya trusted him, and he trusted me
Buying a car for general power of attorney, from the seller who sells it under a general power of attorney, take away his power of attorney, which the owner wrote to him. Without a power of attorney from the owner of the car that he gave the seller the car with the right to sell, your power of attorney, even if certified by a notary, is a simple piece of paper. And do not forget, under the new legislation, if you purchased a car under a general power of attorney and it is written in your name, you will not be able to register it (the car) for yourself later. Those. either write out a power of attorney for a relative you trust, or get ready that in the column owner then there will be the name of another person. (I faced this problem myself)
8)Participation of a car in an accident
Thanks to the introduced insurances, upon request, you can send a request to the traffic police whether your future car has been in an accident, what kind of accidents have been, etc. So, do not take the car after the “changeling”, the body can be “behaved”, it is not noticeable by eye, but they have not yet learned how to eliminate these consequences without a trace. Do not take a drowned car, even if it is repaired, 80% of the engine will wedge in your first year.
9)Fragrance for pennies
Do not take the car after the deceased (well, for example, a person died in the car, lay there for three days until they found him), even if almost for nothing. This is not due to otherworldly forces, it’s just that if there was a dead person in the car, you can’t rid the car of a putrid smell, change the seats, trim, panel - it’s useless. This smell has properties to eat into the metal. (I worked in such a field that I often encountered such machines (Dismantling a car for spare parts), believe me, they stand open in the air for several years, but the smell remains, You can good car find for a penny, but ride in it, but what’s there to ride, it’s impossible to sit in it for 15 minutes) After replacing the interior, the pungent smell disappears, but then reappears, which is why they try to replace everything and sell quickly.
10)Inherited from grandfather
Be more careful about the cars that people got by will, carefully look at the date when the person legally entered into the inheritance, and how many heirs there are in this will.
Many more can be listed. The main thing is to be careful in your choice, do not chase the cheap, do not rush to choose. And the most important question, if the seller praises the car so much, why is he selling it. Feel free to ask him.
When is the best time to buy a car? Is there any specific time period for this, in which the acquisition will be the most profitable and least costly? Which ones to buy? And how to do it? There are many questions. And the topic is very relevant. In general, it is necessary to tell about all of the above, at least briefly.
Last year statistics
So, before talking about when it is better to buy a car, it is worth citing as an example the statistics for the past, 2015, year. The fact is that a strong decline in interest in new products was noticed. That is, recently released cars turned out to be of little use to anyone. And experts say that the same thing will be observed in 2016. Accordingly, from all this follows the conclusion that we can already observe now. People are starting to show interest in cars budget segment. Or to used cars that are much cheaper than new ones. In this regard, automakers decided to start getting rid of unpopular models and reduce prices to the possible minimum.
In 2015, about one and a half million cars were sold in Russia. They say that in 2016 the figure will be even less. Now the market is dominated by cars from AvtoVAZ, KIA and the Hyundai concern. Well, premium, business and luxury cars are still popular - and all because people who can afford them do not really notice the increase in car prices.
When is the "season"?
So, now in more detail about when it is better to buy a car. The best time is winter. But not before New Year's Eve. Because at this point prices are only going up. After all, many wealthy people want to give their loved ones a good gift - a new car. And they go to the car dealership for it. And dealers are not averse to making money on a convenient moment, so they raise prices. Wealthy people will not attach global significance to this, but a person who wants to become the owner of a car “on a budget” will not like this option. So it is advisable to wait until January or February. The most successful period. The holidays are over, but frosts have begun - few people, under such weather conditions, go to choose a car, which later will have to be “changed shoes” into winter tires. In general, it costs in February or January because the demand of buyers becomes minimal. That's all.
"Age" specimens
Talking about when it is better to buy a car, one cannot fail to mention one very tricky nuance. And it lies in the years. So, here's the point. After the onset of the New Year, the cars become older by a year. And age here is a key factor when it comes to the cost of the car. That is why many car dealers are in a hurry to sell the novelty before the new year. Because from January 1, it will cease to be such! And by all means, the price will have to be reduced.
Well, therein lies another answer to the question of when is the best time to buy a car. Of course, after the arrival of the New Year! If a person is not very embarrassed by the fact that he will become the owner of "last year's novelty", then you can safely go to a car dealership. This will save a lot of money - sometimes 100, and 200 thousand rubles.
Important nuances
So where do you buy cars? Today, more often by hand. But this will be discussed a little later. Now in more detail about buying a car in the cabin. What are the "pitfalls" here? There are many. And therefore, before you conclude a deal, you need to check a lot of nuances.
In car dealerships, of course, the lighting is by no means bad, but you should still inspect the car you want to buy during the day. If the model that suits a person is in the hall, then it is even better - you will be able to examine it completely and completely, without missing the slightest detail. And by the way, show cars have certain advantages. The main one is that such machines are always in perfect condition. They have no defects, they are completely new, even without a kilometer of run.
Little tricks
What else should be considered when deciding when it is better to buy a new car? There is another point, which is called “seasonality”. It is better to come to the salon at the end of the month, quarter or year. The fact is that sellers must fulfill a certain plan. And if the deadline set for them is already coming to an end, and the number of sales has not yet reached the required figure, then there may be discounts. They are not advertised, because it will not be beneficial for the sellers and the salon. But it is possible. The main task of the buyer is to show interest in the car, to show that he is definitely ready to buy it. If only there was a discount ... it is quite possible that the seller will “make an exception”. Is it profitable to buy a car in this case? Undoubtedly. It is only worth calculating this moment and taking advantage of it.
Registration of a used model
A few words should be said about how to buy a car from hand. Now used cars are much more popular than new ones. They are cheaper and often better. The fact that they already have a run. Sometimes a model in perfect condition, which will cost 2 million in the cabin, can be bought from the hands for 300-400 thousand cheaper. Simply because the previous owner drove it for some time, and in fact it is no longer new.
Like There is nothing easier. First you need to find an ad. Then - to meet with the seller, inspect the car and agree on a price. Do not be shy to bargain - sometimes you can bring down the price. As soon as the terms are agreed, the seller and the buyer enter into an agreement. Fortunately, the form can be downloaded today from the Internet. You will need to make 3 copies. They indicate the name of the seller, the buyer, their passport data, as well as all information about the car. Then the buyer gives the seller the money (this can be done either before or after the transaction - then whoever agrees), and he has 10 days to register the car with the traffic police for himself.
What is required for registration?
An important question, so it is worth answering it. So, to register a car for yourself, you need a notorious contract, your personal passport, title, insurance and a diagnostic card. It is also important to pay the state duty and then provide a receipt, which is evidence that the future owner has no debts in this regard.
By the way, it is worth returning to the topic of when it is more profitable to buy a car. It is best to do this on Sunday or Monday. Because after the conclusion of the contract, a person will have to run around - take out an OSAGO insurance policy, carry out diagnostics (if this was not done by the previous owner), pay a fee, etc. This must be done within 10 days, but it is better not to delay. If you wish, you can do it in one day.
Top Selling Models
Many Russians are interested in the question of what are the most purchased cars in the Russian Federation today. Well, in 2015, the domestic Lada Granta took the lead. This is a budget car. It looks good, rides well, and generally satisfies the needs of any average driver. “Grant” forced out “Lada Kalina” from the car market - its sales fell that year by as much as 42 (!) Percent.
Following are the cars "Hyundai Solaris" and "Kia Rio". The French Renault Logan has also become popular - budget, comfortable, convenient, functional. And inexpensive. The Renault company really managed to please with an affordable car.
Another good option is the Skoda Rapid. Roomy and quickly became bought in Russia. Just like the Skoda Octavia A7 and Toyota Camry. Only this is already, one might say, the old-timers of the Russian market.
Finally
Well, a lot has been said about when to buy a car and what is needed to decorate it. But how to choose? Many consider - for the price. Indeed, unfortunately, now is the time that people buy those cars that cost less. But other facts must also be taken into account. First, TO. Secondly, the cost of parts. No matter how good a car looks, it can break down and need repairs. It is important that the details do not cost a pretty penny.
And finally, the expense. The machine is usually operated every day, and this requires gasoline. Or diesel. It is better to choose cars that have exactly under the hood diesel engine. It is much more economical and durable than gasoline. If it consumes 7 liters of diesel at 33 rubles per 100 kilometers, then gasoline can "ruin" its owner for 13 liters of fuel for 40 rubles. The difference is considerable. So if you want to make a budget purchase, which will then justify itself in all plans, then you need to pay attention to the expense.
Many people wonder whether it is worth buying a car with a duplicate title? The vehicle is no longer a luxury item, but a necessity for solving daily goals and objectives.
A car has always been considered a rather expensive pleasure, so not everyone could afford it. Personal car. As a rule, a car with a duplicate title is cheaper, and therefore more affordable to purchase.
But when buying such a car, there is a high probability that you can run into "fake" documents. Many experienced motorists are afraid of a duplicate TCP, like fire and for good reason.
Is it worth buying a car with a duplicate TCP and how not to run into a fake, read the article.
What does it mean
Before we figure out what a duplicate is, let's figure out what PTS means. This is a passport technical means, which contains all specifications vehicle, as well as information about previous owners and registration.
It can happen that a thing can be lost and official documents are no exception. Title is an important document for the driver, without which it is impossible to be a full-fledged road user.
In this case, a duplicate TCP is issued, i.e. official copy of the lost document.
Photo: duplicate TCP
There are features in the presence of which it is possible to determine where the original passport is located, and where the duplicate is located. The vehicle passport is an official document that is printed on a special form. This is a strictly accountable document.
How long does it take to restore PTS,.
How to register a car if the engine number does not match the TCP,.
Video: What is the danger of a duplicate TCP. What DUPLICATES are