Do-it-yourself tractor from a heavy walk-behind tractor. Do-it-yourself tractor from a walk-behind tractor: how to make a mini tractor and a mini excavator from MTZ, Neva and Cascade

Nowadays, private farms and farmsteads prevail in rural areas, in some cases people try to work for themselves and not for the master, cultivate the land, grow livestock, hens, geese, and so on. Of course, it’s not easy to do all this manually, since ancient times people have resorted to the help of horses, oxen for plowing the land, in Soviet times there was a powerful agro-technical complex, and with the collapse of collective farms people are engaged in individual farming, again, mechanical assistance is required in hard work, and the fathers are engineers developed a walk-behind tractor that is in demand among the villager. Universal machine for subsidiary farm, you can do all the work plow, cultivate, plant, mow, water, transport goods. High performance with low energy consumption, a liter of gasoline is enough for one hour of work. A fairy tale and not a unit, but our craftsmen went further and improved the walk-behind tractor

Instruments: welding machine, grinder, hammer, chisel, set of keys, pliers, screwdriver, drill

Materials: corners, square and round pipes, roofing metal, steering column, wheel, rod, rods, hubs, rear axle from a Muscovite

For a real owner there is no limit to perfection. As soon as the summer resident acquires an auxiliary device in the form of a walk-behind tractor, an irresistible desire immediately arises to turn it into something much larger and more functional. Converting a walk-behind tractor into a mini-tractor is the most common transformation that gardeners-designers bring to life. After all, not everyone can afford to buy a mini-tractor, but in terms of the functionality it receives, it will far exceed the same walk-behind tractor!

The question, of course, is rhetorical, but for a start it is worth deciding what and, most importantly, how will we redo it? That is, we begin, as always, with the preparation of a sketch and drawing of the main components and elements of the unit.

The mini-tractor is a self-propelled vehicle that has all the necessary components inherent in
such. This is a platform on which the power unit is installed and to the base of which all additional components and elements are attached, 4 wheels, steering, brake system, pedals, gearbox, electrical wiring, driver's seat. When converting a walk-behind tractor into a mini-tractor, all these missing nodes will need to be bought ready-made or built independently. As a result of the alteration, it is necessary to obtain not just a four-wheeled vehicle. We need a full-fledged agricultural machine capable of not only cultivating the land in the same way as a walk-behind tractor, but also be able to do much more! After all, if after the re-equipment the functionality of the unit does not expand, what is the point of starting everything?

Necessary tools and equipment

Before proceeding directly to the conversion of the walk-behind tractor, it is necessary to decide on the minimum list of tools that will be needed in the process of work:

In order to turn a walk-behind tractor into a full-fledged mini-tractor, you will need to acquire the following:

• metal profile pipe for the manufacture of the frame and load-bearing structures;
• wheels;
• front wheel hubs with brake system;
• steering wheel, steering rod, steering rods;
• worm gear;
• Transmission;
• footboards with pedals;
• container for brake fluid;
• driver's seat;
• dashboard;
• wheel protection (wings);
• additional attachments, with the help of which it is planned to expand the functionality of the mini-tractor.

Frame device

The first thing to start with the conversion of a walk-behind tractor is the construction of the main supporting structure of a mini-tractor or
frames. For its manufacture, you can use a metal profile pipe with a cross section of 20 by 40 mm or 40 by 60 mm and a wall thickness of 2.5–3 mm. The choice of the original tube diameter is not critical. If somewhere in the bins there is a profile pipe of a slightly different section and in sufficient quantity, it can be safely used.

Cutting blanks to create a frame is carried out using a grinder. After all the components are prepared, they must be reduced to a single design. To do this, on a flat horizontal surface, they are compared with a square and fixed with clamps. Further, using a welding machine, they are grabbed from several sides to each other. After the frame blanks are connected, the geometry of the entire structure is once again checked for correctness and all seams are finished scalded. Places that will have an increased load or vibration must be further strengthened.

Useful advice. Do not worry if you suddenly cannot fully calculate the entire design of the mini-tractor frame. Start with just a basic frame for mounting the wheels, based on the overall length of the frame of the mini tractor. The remaining parts can be added during the manufacturing process.

In the rear, as well as in the front of the frame, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of attaching auxiliary attachments (ploughs, cultivators, mowers, etc.). Additionally, it is worth installing a tow bar at the back, which will allow you to tow a trailer with a payload.

Mounting the front chassis

After the manufacture of the main frame element is completed, it's time to proceed with the installation of the chassis. Due to the ease of organizing the design and doing the installation with your own hands, some suspension units can be simplified (in particular, the installation of shock absorbers and springs). And although working on such a mini-tractor may seem harsh, simplifying the design will save you a lot of technical hassle.

The front suspension can be mounted as follows. At the car market, among used spare parts, you must purchase two front wheel hubs with brake system complete, if possible with a set of steering rods, gearbox, steering column and steering wheel. They will be used to make the front undercarriage of the mini tractor.

First, a section of a profile pipe is selected that matches the width of the front axle. Next, the wheel hubs are fastened to the ends of the prepared tube. After we find the center of the axis, we drill a hole in it and with the help of a bolt we fasten it to the end in the center (longitudinal axis) of the frame. Thus, being rigidly fixed to each other on the axis, the front wheels of the mini-tractor can freely tilt relative to the entire body.

Useful advice. If you use hubs from passenger car mobile, then subsequently there is no need to invent something with rubber. It remains only to stock up on used tires of the right size.

Next, tie rods are installed, compared with a worm steering gear and it is fastened to the frame. After the gearbox is fixed, mount the steering rod and steering wheel. It is worth considering that during the installation of the steering rod, it may have to be additionally fixed. When the steering column is assembled, you can proceed with the installation of the driver's seat, as well as the rear wheels.

Mounting the rear chassis

Mounting the rear wheels has its own characteristics, since it is here that the torque from the engine will be transmitted. To simplify the design, the wheels can be made rigidly coupled, that is, without installing a differential. This solution has several advantages:

• firstly, the design of the mini-tractor is greatly simplified;
• secondly, a rigidly fixed rear axle will minimize the slippage of the tractor when working on open ground.

It is worth remembering that with a rigidly fixed rear axle it will definitely be difficult to move on asphalt, especially when cornering, since such equipment will contribute to increased rubber wear.

Fastening rear axle it is best to organize with the help of bearings, rigidly pressed into the bushings. On the axis itself, it is necessary to pre-install a pulley or sprocket to transfer force from the engine. As rear wheels, it is better to purchase special models for a mini-tractor, which will have an increased size and a large tread pattern. With such wheels it will be convenient to move around the plowed land.

To protect against dirt, water and stones, the front and rear wheels must be covered with protective wings, which can either be made independently from galvanized sheet, or a suitable ready-made option can be purchased.

Engine mounting

Engine mounting internal combustion produce in front of the mini tractor. This is done in order to change the redistribution of weight and create additional weight in front. After all, the main load at the back will be created by trailing equipment. The type of fastening and installation nuances depend on the specific walk-behind tractor that is planned to be converted, as well as the engine on it.

Before installing the motor for it, the mounting is mounted on the frame of the mini-tractor. In order to be able to adjust the tension force of the belt drive, the engine mount to the frame can be made sliding by creating the appropriate slots for the bolts.

Useful advice. Among the engines installed on a mini-tractor, preference should be given to those that have
water cooling. If an air-cooled motor is selected, sufficient air circulation must be ensured to ensure adequate cooling.

It is recommended to organize the transmission of torque from the engine to the rear wheels using a belt drive. It is necessary to install the motor in such a way that the power take-off shaft pulley is on the same axis as the pulley installed on the rear axle. This will prevent the belt drive from jumping off during operation, as well as its increased wear. After mounting the belt drive, it must be closed with a protective cover throughout.

If the engine has an installed gearbox, it should be possible to change gear from the driver's seat using special rods. It is also necessary to provide a place for attaching the clutch pedal.

Installation of the brake system

After the engine is installed, proceed to the installation of the brake system. As parts for it, you can use unified parts passenger car.
The first step is to determine the location of the brake pedal. In this place, you should install the pedal mount, as well as mount the brake master cylinder. After that, the brake cylinder is connected to the brake drums of the front wheels using metal and rubber hoses. Next, the brake system must be checked for leaks and pumped in order to remove residual air and ensure proper functionality.

Installation of electrical equipment

Depending on the type installed engine on the instrument panel, you can display the ignition key, coolant temperature sensor, fuel gauge in the gas tank. If you plan to move and work on a mini-tractor at dusk or at night, you need to install a headlight in front, and additional lights in the back and sides. parking lights. Also, if the possibility of moving on roads as part of the main traffic flow of cars is not excluded, the mini-tractor must be equipped with brake lights and direction indicators.

Connecting additional equipment

At the front of the mini tractor, a bucket can be installed as an accessory, and at the rear -
the whole range of agricultural machinery for cultivating the land. In addition, it is recommended to equip it with a hydraulic pump and hydraulic cylinders. With their help, it will be possible to lower and raise attachments, to perform other manipulations. If an additional power take-off shaft is provided from the engine (for example, using an additional cardan gear), then it will be possible to connect not only static, but also mobile, dynamic equipment. This will greatly expand the scope of the mini-tractor.

Conclusion

With a little skill and a great desire, in just a few days the walk-behind tractor can be turned into a full-fledged mini-tractor, which will become an indispensable household and household helper. Using a huge additional arsenal of attachments and trailers, the mini-tractor can be turned into a versatile agricultural machine!

Video from Youtube about the conversion of a ZUBR walk-behind tractor into a minitractor.

If you have a land plot, and its manual processing is a lot of trouble and takes too much effort, a mini-tractor will come to your aid. In order not to spend cosmic sums on the purchase of a finished factory model, you can save money and make such a unit yourself. Its production is not only less expensive, but also a very interesting and creative process.

How to choose a walk-behind tractor for a future tractor?

The first thing to do is to choose a walk-behind tractor. This is one of the most important details of your future brainchild. In order not to miscalculate with the model, you need to take into account its following parameters:

• power;
• Type of fuel;
• plow size;
• price and manufacturer.

Let's consider each of these characteristics in more detail.

Power

Power directly depends on the area of ​​​​the territory that you are going to process. That is, the more space your site occupies, the stronger the walk-behind tractor should be.

Fuel

The gasoline engine runs less noisily, and due to the low level of compression, it starts with a half turn even in cold weather. Diesel much more economical fuel consumption, creates stronger traction and ensures stable engine speed. At the same time, the area of ​​the site and the quality of its soil also play a role in the choice of fuel: diesel is better at handling large volumes of work on firm ground.

Weight

The weight of the walk-behind tractor also largely depends on what kind of soil you are going to cultivate. If you prefer a light plow for hard, dry soil, your future tractor is unlikely to be able to cope with the tasks assigned to it.

The more difficult the soil to process, the heavier the walk-behind tractor should be, and vice versa - for soft, loose soil, a lighter model will be quite enough.

Plow size

To determine this parameter, you need to consider 3 factors: processing depth which you are counting on your perseverance level, as well as . If you want to process the maximum area in the minimum amount of time, then it is better to take a cutter with a wide grip. In one pass, she will be able to capture a larger area. But at the same time, the load on your arms and back will increase significantly, and the depth of penetration of the device into the ground will not be too high.

The best choice would be a model that can be disassembled, while adjusting its width. In this case, you can independently configure it to the most suitable parameters for a particular situation.

Price and manufacturer

These two criteria are inextricably linked, therefore we consider them in one paragraph. If financial possibilities allow you to choose a more expensive model foreign production from the brands "Meccanica", "Benassi" (Italy), "Honda" (Japan) or "MTD" (Germany), then you can safely buy it. Each of these brands is known all over the world for the high quality and reliability of their products and will not disappoint you.

If the budget is limited, you will have to do Chinese counterparts these walk-behind tractors from the brands "Dawn", "Aurora", "Forte", "Centaur". But, of course, for less money you will get a less efficient unit.

In order not to go to extremes, it is best to give preference Russian manufacturers"Neva", "Favorite", "Salute" and "Tarpan". They can not be called cheap, but they do not belong to premium-class equipment either. But for a more or less reasonable price, you get pretty good quality.

Step-by-step instruction

Depending on which walk-behind tractor you choose, there are some nuances for creating a mini-tractor for it. But first of all, you must know the basic assembly procedure, and then make your own changes to this list, depending on the features of the components and your own wishes.

Draw a kinematic diagram

Without it, it is impossible to start the assembly, since this scheme will be your cheat sheet throughout the work, suggesting what and where to install. If you are well versed in technology and drawing, you can make it yourself. If you are not sure of your knowledge, it is better to look at examples on the Internet. It is likely that among them you will find an option that suits you perfectly.

Drawings with dimensions:

We make a frame

The material for it will be metal pipes and corners. To connect the elements, it is best to use bolts (and a drill to help them). Also, you can not do without a welding machine, which will need to stock up in advance.

Making a body

This is not a mandatory step, but it is better to do it. This is necessary to protect yourself and the mechanisms from dirt, which will fly in all directions when the unit is put into operation. The best coating material is leafwow stainless steel. When working, you can turn on your imagination and create your own original design of the machine.

Attaching the driver's seat

To begin with, choose a chair in which you will feel most comfortable. A suitable option can be found among the front seats from old passenger cars.

Installing the steering wheel

This step must be done after installing chair to be able to properly adjust its height and angle.

Make sure that it is convenient for you to reach the “steering wheel” and that it does not restrict the movement of your legs.

Choosing wheels and tires

If you want to save money, you have to take wheels from an ordinary old car. But they will create difficulties while working already assembled tractor. The fact is that the ideal diameter of the front tires for such a unit is from 12 to 14 inches. With a smaller size, the walk-behind tractor will sink into the ground, and with a larger one, it will become much more difficult to steer. Tires, of course, are selected according to the size of the wheels.

Installing the levers

In order to make the control process as convenient as possible, you need, at a minimum, to equip your brainchild with levers responsible for the clutch and brake. Most easy option your action is to install a cable drive that will communicate with the motor unit.

We paint the surface

This is necessary not only in order to improve the design of the unit, but also in order to prevent the destructive effects of corrosion.

We run in

Before loading the finished mini-tractor with field work, it must be run in. This way you check how well it functions and if any parts are loose. It is better to do this in advance in order to immediately fix any problems. Don't let your creation break on its first day of work. article .

We do tuning

When all the basic assembly work of the mini-tractor is completed, you can improve it as soon as your heart desires: install headlights, a signal, a canopy over the driver's seat, or even hydraulic system. In general, everything that has enough money and imagination to make the process of working on this unit more comfortable.

More details about the process are described in the video:

Now that all the work on the manufacture of your own mini-tractor is completed, you can safely put it into action and work the land, while making much less effort than before.

It is easier and more convenient to process summer cottages, personal plots of land with the help of a small tractor. And it does not matter if there is not enough money to buy a factory "iron horse" - you can make it yourself from an inexpensive walk-behind tractor. Moreover, when there is an interest in technology, engineering abilities, the necessary equipment and tools, this will not be difficult at all. The main thing is to understand the technical aspects, prepare for the transformation and choose the right walk-behind tractor.

Preparing to create a homemade mini tractor

The process of creating a homemade mini tractor begins with drawing up a drawing, a kinematic diagram of the future "plowman" and preparing necessary materials, tools, equipment. If you have the skills, you can develop a scheme for demonstrating the mechanisms and components of the tractor yourself, if not, find a suitable option on the Internet or use the example presented here.

As for the parts and components involved in the modernization of the walk-behind tractor, you can use a purchased factory kit to convert it into a mini tractor. But this option is not suitable for those who want to make, for example, a 4x4 break and at the same time save a lot.

So, to create a homemade tractor you will need:

• Set of tools;
• Welding equipment;
• Drill with a set of drills;
• Metal pipes, channels;
• Fasteners, hardware (bolts, nuts);
• Bulgarian, discs for working with metal.

Also, in order to make a tractor with your own hands, you will need two suitable wheels, a hitch, a driver's seat, a steering mechanism, pedals and, of course, a walk-behind tractor with sufficient weight and power. It is better to opt for a heavy class unit with a diesel engine (the Zubr, Neva, Agro, Scout models are well suited). This will make it possible to obtain, as a result of the alteration, a self-made, but productive mini-tractor capable of effectively performing various agrotechnical operations. Surely you want him to carry out not only agricultural functions, but also be able to pull a trailer.

The weight of the selected unit must correspond to the condition of the soil on which it is planned to use the homemade product. If it is compacted, dried up, then the future mini tractor is unlikely to cope with the tasks assigned to it. Therefore, the harder the soil, the harder the walk-behind tractor will be needed. And the power of its engine should be correlated with the area of ​​​​the land plot on which agricultural work will be carried out using a motor tractor. So, the larger the plot, the higher this parameter should be.

How to make a frame

After preparing the tools and components necessary to create a mini tractor, they begin to “redraw” the frame of the walk-behind tractor in order, in accordance with the drawing, to adapt it to an additional pair of wheels. platform for future homemade car can be made all-metal or fracture using channels or profile metal pipes. Longitudinal and transverse spars are easy to make - they are cut with a grinder and connected by electric welding or fasteners. For greater reliability, bolted connections are combined with additional welding of seams.

When transforming a cultivator into a minitractor, it is often a fracture that is used, consisting of two independent half-frames connected to each other by means of hinges. Thanks to this design, all four wheels of the tractor are almost always in contact with the ground, and they practically do not hang out when operating the homemade product on uneven surfaces or slippery roads. This allows you to increase the stability of the minitractor from the walk-behind tractor, improve its maneuverability and maneuverability in the implementation of arable and transport work.

An attachment is mounted to the front or rear section of the prepared frame according to the scheme, which will allow the tractor to make it possible to work with auxiliary devices. You can immediately weld a towbar on the back for towing a trailer - this will further expand the functionality of a home-made motor tractor obtained from a walk-behind tractor.

Running gear installation

At the end of the installation, the attachment devices are installed on both axles (front, rear), and already on them - wheels. Those that came with a walk-behind tractor (Scout, Bison, Neva) are usually attached to the rear axle, and wheels from a passenger car or some agricultural machinery are mounted on the front axle. It is important that they have a deep tread - this will make a home-made mini tractor a high-traffic technique and with improved wheel traction.

For equipping a homemade tractor with a full-fledged front undercarriage they buy hubs assembled with a brake system and preferably complete with steering rods, steering wheel, gearbox and steering column. They can also be redone by removing them from used cars.

The front wheels are attached to the minitractor in the following way:

• A metal profile pipe is selected corresponding to the thickness of the front axle of a homemade tractor;
• Wheel hubs are attached to the ends of the profile;
• The design with hubs is fixed on the front frame right in the center;
• Tie rods are mounted, after which they are aligned with the steering gear;
• Carry out the fixation of the gearbox on the frame;
• Put the steering rod, steering wheel;
• Regulate steering column.

Sometimes the front suspension of the tractor is supplemented with spring shock absorbers to provide more comfortable working conditions. After the steering column was assembled according to the drawing, it is necessary to mount the rear wheels.

The rear axle of the cultivator is mounted on bearings tightly pressed into spherical bushings. A pulley is mounted on it, which will transmit torque from the engine to rotating nodes. Can rear wheels leave fractures without a differential - this will simplify the design and minimize the slipping of the future mini tractor when operating on loose soils.

The optimal diameter of the tractor wheels is 30-36 cm (like the Scout T-15 model). If homemade diesel unit put on smaller wheels, it will simply roll forward. Mounting big wheels make the machine uncontrollable and impair its maneuverability, especially when working with a trailer. At the end of the installation of the wheels and the steering column, the layout of the main unit of agricultural technology - the engine - begins.

Engine and hydraulic installation

The most profitable option for converting a walk-behind tractor into homemade tractor a single-cylinder water-cooled diesel engine is considered - this is usually put on Chinese motoblocks of the Scout, Bison and Russian Neva brands. A single-cylinder diesel engine is economical, so the operation of a mini tractor made on its basis will not be expensive. It is usually placed on the front of the frame, which allows a small tractor to maintain optimal balance during operation with additional tools. At the location of the motor, a mounting system is installed, which is better to make it “floating” (sliding) in order to simplify the adjustment and tension of the belts.

Transfer of power from the motor to rear wheels a homemade tractor is organized using a belt drive. transfer case The PTO, as well as the gearbox, can be used from a decommissioned GAZ-53 car. power unit homemade products are mounted in such a way that the PTO pulley is located in the same plane as the pulley located on the rear axle of the minitractor. At the same time, they plan a place for the location of the clutch pedal. The belt drive is covered with a protective cover to avoid slipping during operation and to make its service life longer.

After completing the main work, a hydraulic lift is installed on a home-made mini tractor with an engine from a walk-behind tractor. The conversion hydraulic kit should include an oil pump, an oil reservoir, a hydraulic cylinder and a distributor. All components of the system are connected by flexible oil-resistant hoses. It is desirable to make hydraulics with a floating mode - this will ensure the full operation of the hitch of the motor tractor.

Then they install the driver's seat, as well as headlights and dimensions, if it is planned to move the minitractor along the roads. They will ensure safety when operating vehicles at night and will avoid problems with demanding employees of road patrol services.

Installation of the brake system and electrical equipment

After installing the engine, they begin to install an equally important unit of the minitractor - the brake system. In the store you can buy new brakes for a home-made unit or use unified parts from a passenger vehicle.

To begin with, they determine the place (using the layout diagram) where the brake pedal will be located in the alteration. On the designated plot, the pedal mount and the main brake cylinder are mounted. Then the cylinder is connected by hoses to the brake drums located on the front wheels of the converted tractor.

Immediately after this, the brake system is checked for leaks and if it is broken, everything will have to be redone. To avoid ridiculous mistakes, it is better to use a visual drawing that shows all the main components of the tractor. To control the system, be sure to pump and remove residual air. This will make it workable and provide proper functionality. The system can also be supplemented with a parking brake.

The next stage of self-conversion of the walk-behind tractor into a full-fledged mini tractor is the connection of electrical equipment and the output of sensors to the instrument panel. It is recommended to do this for the convenience and safety of transport operation. A temperature meter, a liquid cooling indicator, an ignition key, an oil pressure sensor and a fuel level sensor in the gas tank are displayed on the panel. Optionally, a homemade tractor is equipped with a sound signal, brake lights and direction indicators.

Additionally, agricultural machinery can be equipped with sheathing elements and a canopy. This will give the minitractor an attractive appearance and make the operator's work more comfortable. After completing the modernization process of the walk-behind tractor, it is necessary to run in a home-made mini tractor so that the parts are “lapped in” and the lubricity of the mating surfaces is improved.

Advantages of homemade tractors from walk-behind tractors

A minitractor converted from a walk-behind tractor is very useful on the farm! It must be done in order to turn routine agricultural work into tireless and interesting activities. A homemade tractor, unlike a walk-behind tractor, will take on the main load, and a person will only have to monitor the process and manage it correctly vehicle. A homemade small tractor is an economical unit of compact size in operation and maintenance that does not require a separate garage, which is also a big plus. It will not create problems with spare parts - they can be found on sale at affordable price in almost any specialized store that sells motoblocks of the Scout, Neva, Zubr and other brands.

The advantages of owning such a unit are obvious. Unlike a walk-behind tractor, it will allow:

• Expand functionality;
• Facilitate the work of the operator;
• Realize traction potential.

Using skills, it is possible from a conventional cultivator with handicapped make a multifunctional and efficient mini tractor. Maneuverable, compact - it is able to work even in densely planted areas, between bushes and trees, as well as in a limited local area, without damaging paving slabs and asphalt.

To make a mini tractor from a walk-behind tractor means to acquire agricultural equipment with the widest functionality. Together with it, you can use a variety of attachments: a cultivator, a potato planter, a milling cutter, a harrow, a rotary mower, a plow, hillers, and more. And if equipped with a stacker with hydraulic drive, then you can also operate a home-made tractor as a stacker or crane. Thanks to the practical design, working on such a homemade product is simple, comfortable and safe. Homemade mini tractor- it's better than the most expensive walk-behind tractor and cheaper than a heavy tractor.