Today, in pharmacy chains, you can find a lot of antiviral immunostimulating drugs, the annotations of which promise the consumer reliable prevention and getting rid of various diseases caused by viruses.
In our article, we will introduce you to various immunostimulating antiviral drugs, reviews of their effectiveness and the most common adverse reactions and contraindications.
What is the danger of uncontrolled drug intake?
- Is there a drug to treat the flu?
- Are antivirals effective?
- Does the quality of a medicine depend on its price?
- Can an antiviral immunostimulating drug be harmful to health?
- What antivirals can be given to children?
Most doctors do not recommend taking such medicines without a prescription, because their uncontrolled intake can have a number of negative effects on the body. In some cases (for example, with a predisposition to autoimmune diseases), hyperactivation of the immune system can trigger the launch of immune aggression on the body's own tissues, pathological inflammation, and even the development of an oncological or autoimmune disease.
Interferon preparations
Interferon-based drugs activate immunity to fight viruses and are aimed at suppressing a foreign microorganism. They consist of informant proteins that are active against all viral infections.
We list the most popular drugs in this group.
Viferon
The drug is available in the form of suppositories and ointments and can be used to treat acute respiratory viral infections, influenza and herpes infections in adults and children (from the first days of life). The main side effect of this antiviral agent may be an allergic reaction, but it is observed infrequently, since the active component of Viferon is a synthetic substance.
A wide study of this drug in humans has not been conducted, but the description of its clinical trials indicate the effectiveness of treatment with Viferon. In most cases, the use of this antiviral agent helped to eliminate the symptoms of a viral disease already in the first days of admission.
Kipferon
This drug is produced in the form of suppositories for rectal or intravaginal use and is able to not only have an antiviral and immunostimulating effect, but also has anti-inflammatory, anti-chlamydial and antibacterial activity. Kipferon can be used for the complex treatment of patients with acute respiratory viral infections, influenza and infections of bacterial and viral etiology of the oral cavity, urogenital tract and intestines. There were no side effects of this antiviral agent.
Despite the fact that so far no extensive studies have been conducted on this drug and its pharmacokinetics have not been described, the drug is prescribed as part of the complex therapy of viral and bacterial infections of the respiratory, urogenital and digestive tracts, and hepatitis A, B and C. According to clinical studies, Kipferon gives good results and is well tolerated by patients.
Cycloferon
This drug is available in the form of tablets for oral administration, a solution for parenteral administration and liniment for external use. Cycloferon can be used to treat children over 4 years of age and adults. Indications for its use are extremely wide: neuroinfections, intestinal, urogenital, chlamydial and hepatitis A, C, B, D and GP, and secondary immunodeficiency.
Extensive studies and serious clinical trials on the effectiveness of Cycloferon have not yet been conducted. Those studies that were conducted on the territory of the Russian Federation do not meet international standards, and they cannot prove the effectiveness and complete safety of the drug.
Grippferon
This immunostimulating antiviral drug is available in the form of nasal drops and is active against rhino-, adeno- and coronaviruses, parainfluenza and influenza viruses. It can be used for the treatment and prevention of viral infections, does not call for addiction and the formation of virus strains that are resistant to the active ingredient. In most cases, Grippferon is well tolerated by patients and rarely causes adverse reactions. In some cases, when used in children, it may cause a short, mild burning sensation in the nasal cavity, which resolves on its own and does not cause harm.
A wide study of this drug in humans has not been conducted, but the description of its clinical trials indicates the effectiveness of treatment with Grippferon. In most cases, the use of this antiviral agent contributed to a more rapid elimination of the symptoms of a viral disease and prevented the development of possible complications (, sinusitis, etc.). It should be noted that these nasal drops do not have a vasoconstrictive effect, and other drugs should be used to eliminate nasal congestion.
Interferon inductors and etiotropic antiviral agents
For the treatment and prevention of acute respiratory viral infections, influenza and other viral diseases, etiotropic antiviral agents and interferon inducers can be used. They consist of synthetic substances and have a different mechanism of action. Etiotropic antiviral agents have an effect directly on the virus, and interferon inducing drugs contribute to a more intensive production of interferon.
Let's talk about the most popular drugs of these groups.
Kagocel
This interferon inducer has an immunomodulatory and antiviral effect. The drug can be used for prevention and at any stage of the disease. The most pronounced effect is at the beginning of treatment on the first day of the development of an acute infection.
Kagocel is available as tablets for oral administration. It can be used to treat influenza in children over 3 years of age and adults. For prophylactic purposes, the drug can be prescribed from the age of 6 years.
In most cases, according to clinical studies in Russian medical institutions, Kagocel is well tolerated by patients, but sometimes causes allergic reactions in the form of itching, swelling or rash. Large-scale trials of the drug have not been conducted, and it is not used in the United States and Western Europe.
Cytovir 3
This complex drug belongs to the group of interferon inducers and is available in the form of capsules for oral administration. This immunomodulating agent can be prescribed to children from the 1st year of life, but has a number of contraindications (peptic ulcer, severe hypotension).
Many patients in their reviews of the drug indicate the effectiveness of the drug and on the 2nd-3rd day of taking them they felt better, however, large-scale trials on the effectiveness and safety of Tsitovir 3 have not yet been conducted. This immunomodulating agent can only be prescribed by a doctor and should be used with caution in the treatment of children.
Lavomax (Amiksin, Tiloron)
The active substance (tilorone) of this immunomodulating agent stimulates the induction of alpha, beta and gamma interferons. The drug is available in tablets for oral administration and can be prescribed for the prevention and treatment of viral diseases.
In the CIS countries and in Russia, Lavomax has been used for many years, and there are many reviews about its effectiveness. This immunomodulatory agent can be prescribed to patients from the age of seven.
Lavomax is not used in the European Union and the USA, because in the 80s, American scientists revealed its high toxicity (when tested on mice, it caused retinal dissection and liver lipidosis). Also, this drug can cause a number of allergic reactions and short-term chills.
Ingavirin
This drug is an antiviral agent and is able to be active against parainfluenza, influenza viruses (types A and B), respiratory syncytial and adenovirus infections. Ingavirin is available in the form of capsules for oral administration.
The drug can cause allergic reactions and is contraindicated in persons under 18 years of age. Large-scale trials of this antiviral agent were not carried out, and Ingavirin was recommended for sale in Russia in 2008 (during the swine flu epidemic) without substantiated evidence of its safety and effectiveness. According to some reviews, taking this drug reduced the duration of the disease when it was started on the first day from the onset of a viral infection.
Tamiflu (Relenza)
This antiviral drug is able to suppress only influenza A and B viruses (it is not effective against other infections). Tamiflu is available as oral capsules and can be given to adults and children over 1 year of age.
The drug can cause a number of side effects: headache, lethargy, cough, and vomiting. According to studies by Japanese scientists, taking Tamiflu can provoke various disorders of consciousness (especially in children), which can be expressed in psychosis, suicidal tendencies and depression.
The effectiveness of this antiviral agent for the prevention and treatment of influenza is confirmed by patient reviews, but its appointment should only be carried out by a doctor.
Remantadine
This antiviral drug is only able to suppress certain types of the influenza A virus. Remantadine is available as an oral tablet and can be given to adults and children over 1 year of age.
While taking this antiviral agent, the following side effects may occur: nausea, dry mouth, vomiting, nervousness, weakness, headache and decreased concentration. According to some reviews, after taking Remantadine, episodes of tachycardia were noted.
In most cases, clinical trial data indicate the effectiveness of this antiviral agent.
Arbidol
This antiviral agent is able to show activity against various infections: influenza A and B, associated coronavirus and SARS. Arbidol can also be used as part of the complex therapy of infections.
The drug can be prescribed for the prevention and treatment of viral infections in children over 3 years of age and adults. In some cases, it is able to have side effects in the form of allergic reactions (angioedema, itching, urticaria).
Despite the fact that the appointment of Arbidol is included in the standards for the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza in the Russian Federation, large-scale trials on the safety and efficacy of this drug have not been completed. In patient reviews, there is an equal number of positive and negative opinions about the effectiveness of this antiviral agent.
Now immunomodulators are very popular - they can improve the protective function of the body, are intended for adults and children. But you need to use these drugs wisely: improper use can cause serious harm to a person. In this article, the reader will learn how immunomodulators affect the body of adult women and men, including children. The text contains the characteristics of specific drugs and reviews of people who have evaluated their impact, from free access on various Internet sites.
What is this immunomodulator medicine and what effect does it have?
A person can be congenital or acquired. Protection of the first type is depleted very quickly and is not able to resist the pathogen for a long time. The acquired one turns on after the exhaustion of the innate resources, it has a memory: in many cases, once having had a disease, a person tolerates re-infection more easily, because the acquired immunity has remembered an effective antibody to this pathogen.
Attention! This principle is used in vaccination, when a weakened pathogen is introduced to a person, allowing the immune system to analyze the pathogen and develop effective protection.
When the body is unable to cope with the disease, immunomodulators are used. These are drugs that change the characteristics of the human immune system. There are 2 groups of immunomodulators:
- immunostimulants- force the defense system to act more actively;
- immunosuppressants depressing effect on the immune system, lower it.
There is a difference between immunomodulators and immunostimulants: the former contain useful substances that help protect a person to overcome the disease, strengthen it, and stimulants artificially activate the immune system, forcing them to use internal reserves to fight.
The following groups of diseases can be distinguished, for the treatment of which immunomodulators are used:
- chronic infections;
- allergy;
- tumors;
- immunodeficiency ().
Attention! Immunosuppressants are needed when there is a malfunction in the immune system, causing it to act against its own body.
Reception and treatment with immunomodulators occurs when a doctor prescribes complex treatment, when the patient takes different groups of drugs: antibiotics, antiviral and other drugs. This combination increases the body's defenses for the duration of active therapy.
These funds can also be used to speed up the rehabilitation period of the patient. After a course of administration, their action lasts for a long time, up to several years.
Classification of drugs, immunomodulators for children
These drugs, immunomodulators, are divided into 3 groups:
- Endogenous- the synthesis of substances occurs in the body itself.
- exogenous- all the necessary substances and compounds come from the outside with the adoption of plant substances and beneficial bacteria.
- Synthetic- completely artificial preparations.
It is possible to distinguish plant immunomodulators for adult women and men: many of them are used in traditional medicine recipes, since ancient times people have discovered the healing properties of some plants. Among them, 2 groups can be distinguished:
- aggressive;
- soft.
The first group of plants has a more complex composition and is capable of inhibiting the defense system if used improperly. This group includes: licorice, egg yellow, mistletoe and etc.
The second group is broader in composition, these plants help immunity without side effects. This ginseng, aralia, nettle, thyme, pine and nuts, garlic, figs etc.
Attention! The second group of drugs can be recommended for self-medication (according to prescriptions), the first - only after consultation with the doctor and under his control.
It is necessary to give immunomodulators to a child very carefully, since the child's defense system is at the formation stage. The unreasonable use of immunomodulators, their active substances, can lead to suppression of the child's immunity.
Children over 6 years of age are allowed to give immunomodulatory drugs no more than twice a year, babies under 2 years old can use them only under the supervision of a doctor in difficult situations.
There are different points of view regarding the possibility of their use of various immunomodulators by children; for example, Dr. E. Komarovsky, a well-known pediatrician, believes that children should not be given immunomodulators - this can lead to abnormal development and inability to protect themselves from the disease on their own. Each parent is free to have their own point of view, but it is recommended to analyze all the pros and cons in advance.
You need to remember the main thing: the use of these drugs, immunomodulators, immunostimulants or immunosuppressants, is possible only after consultation with a specialist. Both in relation to children and adults, it is possible to obtain a beneficial effect from taking immunomodulators only when selecting the right dose and taking into account the specific characteristics of human health.
Improper use of immunomodulators can lead to a significant weakening of the immune system; in some situations, their use is contraindicated - for example, in the presence of autoimmune diseases, drugs can cause unpredictable and even fatal consequences.
The use of immunomodulators in the treatment of various diseases
- . It is a viral disease, the causative agent of which is present in almost every person in a passive form. When comfortable conditions arise (development of other diseases, weakening of protection), the virus begins to manifest itself as a pathogen, causing the development of the disease. When immunomodulators are used, among which the most effective are preparations of the interferon group and individual non-specific drugs (Cordyceps, natural immunity modulators, etc.). Treatment is most effective with simultaneous vitamin therapy.
- Cold. Most often, a viral nature is a disease associated with hypothermia. For treatment apply:
- antiviral immunomodulators as prescribed by a doctor;
- all natural remedies (as complementary self-medication).
For a cold, immunomodulators are used only in case of a complicated course of the disease, for example, if the high temperature persists for several days, and the symptoms of acute respiratory infections do not weaken. Only in this case, the attending physician prescribes an intensive course of therapy.
- Flu. For the treatment of this disease, all natural, herbal immunomodulating agents are shown -, cranberry, rose hip, Melissa, . It is possible to use antiviral and anti-inflammatory immunomodulators (, etc.).
Attention! Plant immunomodulators are allowed to be used only in the absence of contraindications (allergic reactions or concomitant diseases). Before use, it is recommended to consult a doctor.
- Immunodeficiency virus (). This is a dangerous pathology that gradually deactivates the human defense system. Despite the fact that immunomodulators cannot eliminate this virus, drugs can activate the immune system and significantly alleviate the patient's condition. Medicines are used in conjunction with antiretroviruses and other drugs necessary for an HIV-infected person. In addition to synthetic immunomodulators, natural preparations are widely used.
List of effective immunomodulators and reviews
The list of immunomodulators today is quite large and varied. Interferon
Interferon is an antiviral and antitumor modulator that is synthesized in the body itself. Interferon is used as:
- prophylactic in ARVI epidemics. The sooner the drug of the interferon group is taken, the better the body will resist the effects of pathogens;
- to restore the body, the immune system, after serious illnesses.
It is in the ranking of the most effective drugs to strengthen the immune system. The most common form of interferon release is powder ampoules, which must be diluted with water and instilled into the eyes and nose. Also available as rectal suppositories and for intramuscular injections.
Reviews of the use of Interferon:
"Interferon" perfectly increases the body's defenses, I can say this from our experience with my husband. I bought it as prescribed by a doctor in the form of a dry powder in ampoules. It is important that you do not dilute too much medicine, because the drug is stored in the refrigerator for only a couple of days. This is a very good antiviral immunomodulator that protects against influenza and SARS. It is better to use only after consulting a doctor: there are contraindications.
Anastasia, 29 years old
Not everyone talks about it, but Interferon cannot be used all the time. Yes, he helped me quickly put the child on his feet. Seeing such a miraculous effect, I instilled the drug in him every day, and when I stopped in the spring, he immediately fell ill. It turns out that if you give the medicine for a long time, it will suppress the immune system, preventing the body from synthesizing its own interferon. So with this medicine, a measure is needed.
Ira, 35 years old
There is a restriction on the use of the decaris immunomodulator for pregnant women, for example, when taken during lactation, breastfeeding is prohibited.
Children over 3 years old can use decaris strictly dosed. The cost is about 75 rubles per pack with one tablet of Decaris.
Reviews of the use of Decaris tablets:
Kirill 34 years old
Anton, 33 years old
Likopid
In the photo, Likopid tablets are a strong immunomodulator and immunostimulant for adults and children.
Likopid is a powerful immunomodulator and immunostimulator. Likopid is effective in the treatment of purulent-septic infections. Due to its bactericidal activity, Licopid can be used as an antitumor drug, it is also used during therapy:
- psoriasis and other skin diseases;
- eye infections;
- hepatitis (infectious).
Attention! Likopid is considered a drug of very strong action, therefore it must be taken in doses, it is contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Likopid® - instructions for use
Release form, composition and packaging Tablets are white, round, flat-cylindrical, with a chamfer and a risk mark. 1 tab. glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide (GMDP) 10 mg Excipients: lactose monohydrate - 184.7 mg, sugar (sucrose) - 12.5 mg, potato starch - 40 mg, methylcellulose - 0.3 mg, stearate - 2.5 mg. 10 pieces. - blister packs contour (1) - packs of cardboard. Pharmacological action Pharmacodynamics The active substance of Likopid® tablets is glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide (GMDP), a synthetic analogue of the structural fragment of the shell (peptidoglycan) of bacterial cells. GMDP is an activator of innate and acquired immunity, enhances the body's defense against viral, bacterial and fungal infections; has an adjuvant effect in the development of immunological reactions. The biological activity of the drug is realized through the binding of GMDP to the intracellular receptor protein NOD2, localized in the cytoplasm of phagocytes (neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells). The drug stimulates the functional (bactericidal, cytotoxic) activity of phagocytes, enhances the presentation of antigens by them, the proliferation of T- and B-lymphocytes, increases the synthesis of specific antibodies, and contributes to the normalization of the balance of Th1/Th2-lymphocytes towards the predominance of Th1. Pharmacological action is carried out by enhancing the production of key interleukins (interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-12), TNF alpha, interferon gamma, colony-stimulating factors. The drug increases the activity of natural killer cells. Likopid® has low toxicity (LD50 exceeds the therapeutic dose by 49,000 times or more). In the experiment, when administered orally at doses 100 times higher than the therapeutic one, the drug does not have a toxic effect on the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system, does not cause pathological changes in the internal organs. Likopid® has no embryotoxic and teratogenic effects, does not cause chromosomal or gene mutations. In experimental studies conducted on animals, data were obtained on the antitumor activity of the drug Likopid® (GMDP). Pharmacokinetics The bioavailability of the drug when taken orally is 7-13%. The degree of binding to blood albumin is weak. The time to reach Cmax is 1.5 hours after administration. T1 / 2 - 4.29 hours. It does not form active metabolites, it is excreted mainly through the kidneys unchanged. Indications The drug is used in adults in the complex therapy of diseases accompanied by secondary immunodeficiency states: - acute and chronic purulent-inflammatory diseases of the skin and soft tissues, including purulent-septic postoperative complications; - sexually transmitted infections (papillomavirus infection, chronic); - herpetic infection (incl. with ophthalmic herpes); - psoriasis (including psoriatic); - lungs. Dosing regimen Likopid® is administered orally on an empty stomach, 30 minutes before meals. Elderly patients are recommended to start treatment with half doses (1/2 of the therapeutic dose), in the absence of side effects, increasing the dose of the drug to the required therapeutic dose. If you skip taking the drug, if no more than 12 hours have passed from the scheduled time, the patient can take the missed dose; if more than 12 hours have passed from the scheduled time of administration, it is necessary to take only the next dose according to the scheme and not to take the missed one. Purulent-inflammatory diseases of the skin and soft tissues, acute and chronic, severe, including purulent-septic postoperative complications: 10 mg 1 time / day for 10 days. Herpetic infection (recurrent, severe forms): 10 mg 1 time / day for 6 days. With ophthalmic herpes: 10 mg 2 times / day for 3 days. After a break of 3 days, the course of treatment is repeated. Sexually transmitted infections ( papillomavirus infection, chronic): 10 mg 1 time / day for 10 days. Psoriasis: 10-20 mg 1 time / day for 10 days and then five doses every other day, 10-20 mg 1 time / day. In severe psoriasis and extensive lesions (including psoriatic): 10 mg 2 times / day for 20 days. Pulmonary tuberculosis: 10 mg 1 time / day for 10 days. Side effects Often (1-10%) - arthralgia (pain in the joints), myalgia (pain in the muscles); at the beginning of treatment, there may be a short-term increase in body temperature to subfebrile values (up to 37.9 ° C), which is not an indication for discontinuation of the drug. Most often, the above side effects are observed when taking Likopid® tablets in high doses (20 mg). Rarely (0.01-0.1%) - a short-term increase in body temperature to febrile values (> 38.0 ° C). With an increase in body temperature > 38.0 ° C, it is possible to take antipyretics, which does not reduce the pharmacological effects of Likopid® tablets. Very rarely (<0.01%) – . Если любые из указанных в инструкции побочных эффектов усугубляются или пациент заметил любые другие побочные эффекты, следует сообщить об этом врачу. Противопоказания к применению - повышенная чувствительность к глюкозаминилмурамилдипептиду и другим компонентам препарата; - беременность; - период лактации (грудного вскармливания); - детский возраст до 18 лет; - аутоиммунный тиреоидит в фазе обострения; - состояния, сопровождающиеся фебрильной температурой (> 38°C) at the time of taking the drug; - rare congenital metabolic disorders (alactasia, galactosemia, lactase deficiency, lactose intolerance, sucrase / isomaltase deficiency, fructose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption); - use in autoimmune diseases is not recommended due to lack of clinical data. Likopid® 10 mg is used with caution in the elderly, strictly under medical supervision. Use during pregnancy and lactation Likopid® 10 mg is contraindicated in women during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Special instructions At the beginning of taking the drug Likopid® 10 mg, an exacerbation of the symptoms of chronic and latent diseases associated with the main pharmacological effects of the drug is possible. In the elderly, Licopid® 10 mg is used with caution, strictly under the supervision of a physician. Elderly patients are recommended to start treatment with half doses (1/2 of the therapeutic dose), in the absence of side effects, increasing the dose of the drug to the required therapeutic dose. The decision to prescribe Likopid® tablets 10 mg to patients with a combination of diagnoses of psoriasis and gout should be made by a physician when assessing the risk/benefit ratio, due to the potential risk of exacerbation of gouty arthritis and joint edema. If the doctor decides to prescribe Licopid® tablets 10 mg in a situation where the patient has a combination of diagnoses of psoriasis and gout, treatment should be started at low doses, in the absence of side effects, increasing the dose to therapeutic. Each Licopid® 10 mg tablet contains sucrose in the amount of 0.001 XU (bread units), which should be taken into account in patients with. Each Licopid® 10 mg tablet contains 0.184 grams of lactose, which should be taken into account in patients suffering from hypolactasia (lactose intolerance, in which the body has a decrease in the level of lactase, an enzyme necessary for the digestion of lactose). Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and control mechanisms Does not affect the ability to drive vehicles and complex mechanisms. Overdose Cases of drug overdose are unknown. Symptoms: based on the pharmacological properties of the drug, in case of an overdose, there may be a rise in body temperature to subfebrile (up to 37.9 ° C) values. Treatment: if necessary, symptomatic therapy (antipyretics) is carried out, sorbents are prescribed. The specific antidote is unknown. Drug Interactions The drug increases the effectiveness of antimicrobial drugs, there is synergism in relation to antiviral and drugs. Antacids and sorbents significantly reduce the bioavailability of the drug. GCS reduce the biological effect of the drug Likopid®. Terms and conditions of storage The drug should be stored in a dry, dark place, out of the reach of children, at a temperature not exceeding 25°C. Shelf life - 5 years. Do not use after the expiration date. Terms of dispensing from pharmacies The drug is dispensed by prescription.
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Reviews of the use of tablets immunomodulatorLikopid:
I have low immunity, and the doctor prescribed me the Likopid immunomodulator. The medicine is sold in tablets, the price is high, and this is the only negative. The effect does not appear immediately, the effect is cumulative. I drank three courses, only after that I noticed that my immunity became stronger - I endured the cold autumn and winter calmly, and never got sick, which is an amazing and rare occurrence for me!
Anna, 37 years old
At first, relations with this immunomodulator did not work out for me. When I started taking the medicine prescribed for me, I did not find any positive effect. After some time, I took another course of "Likopid" on drink, and began to feel that my health began to strengthen. Then I learned from the doctor that the drug does not act immediately, first the medicinal substances accumulate, and only then they strengthen the immune system. This happened in my case as well; I have not been sick during the cold season for several years now.
Oleg, 43 years old
Arbidol
® - proven protection against colds and flu! It is a moderately active antiviral drug. Arbidol is used as a therapeutic and preventive measure for severe viral diseases (ARI, influenza, bronchitis, etc.).
I have a large family, and every year we use Arbidol to prevent influenza and SARS. Capsules for children and adults are sold with different dosages - this is a big plus, because you want to protect children without side effects. We use it as a prophylactic, the effect is good - for two years, none of the family members fell ill. The drug is inexpensive - this is also a plus, it helps to avoid both the disease itself and expensive treatment.
Olga, 40 years old
"Arbidol", of course, is a well-known and time-tested medicine. About ten years ago, my doctor recommended that I use this immunomodulator for prevention, and make it a rule. In all this time, I have never regretted this advice. Now this is my little tradition: when autumn comes, I go to the pharmacy and take Arbidol! By the way, I rarely get sick.
Innokenty, 39 years old
Amiksin
Amixin is a powerful antiviral and immunomodulatory agent. Amiksin is an antiviral drug with a strong effect. Immunomodulator Amiksin is used in the treatment of hepatitis A, B, C and various viral infections, including influenza, acute respiratory infections, and pulmonary diseases. Children can use Amiksin not earlier than 7 years - the effect is powerful; up to this age can have a destructive effect on the emerging immunity.
Reviews of the use of Amiksin tablets:
I live in the south of Russia, where the climate is mild; once I went to relatives in Yaroslavl in the winter and almost immediately fell ill. High fever, weakness - in a word, the flu. Within an hour after the first Amixin tablet was taken, the temperature almost returned to normal, and three days later I forgot about the disease! But it must be remembered that the medicine is strong, children need to be given only a small dosage and consult a doctor first.
Antonina, 41 years old
I got acquainted with this immunomodulator almost two years ago, when I was sick several times in winter and spring. At this time, I had to travel around the country in connection with my work. The infection attacked me powerfully and knocked me down. The drug was bought by a friend after consulting with the seller at the pharmacy. I took only three pills, and I was cured of the disease! Already on the second day I felt so healthy that I was able to return to work. Then I found out that this drug is contraindicated for those who have an allergy to the constituent substances. But Amiksin really helped me!
Nikolai, 49 years old
Amiksin - instructions for use
Release form, composition and packaging Tablets, film-coated, orange, round, biconvex; on the transverse section - the core is orange, slight darker or lighter blotches are allowed. 1 tab. tilorone (tilaxin) 125 mg Excipients: potato starch - 46 mg, microcrystalline cellulose - 120 mg, povidone (povidone K30) - 3 mg, stearate - 3 mg, croscarmellose (croscarmellose sodium) - 3 mg. Shell composition: hypromellose (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) - 6.81 mg, titanium dioxide - 3.563 mg, macrogol (polyethylene glycol 4000) - 0.913 mg, polysorbate 80 (tween 80) - 0.114 mg, quinoline yellow dye (E104) - 0.247 mg, sunset yellow dye (E110) - 0.353 mg. 6 pcs. - blister packs contour (1) - packs of cardboard. 6 pcs. - blister packs contour (2) - packs of cardboard. 10 pieces. - blister packs contour (1) - packs of cardboard. 10 pieces. - blister packs contour (2) - packs of cardboard. 6 pcs. - polymer cans (1) - packs of cardboard. 10 pieces. - polymer cans (1) - packs of cardboard. 20 pcs. - polymer cans (1) - packs of cardboard. Pharmacological action Low molecular weight synthetic interferon inducer that stimulates the formation of alpha, beta, gamma interferons in the body. The main structures producing interferon in response to the administration of tilorone are intestinal epithelial cells, hepatocytes, T-lymphocytes, neutrophils and granulocytes. After taking the drug inside, the maximum production of interferon is determined in the sequence of the intestine-liver-blood after 4-24 hours. Amixin® has an immunomodulatory and antiviral effect. In human leukocytes, it induces the synthesis of interferon. Stimulates bone marrow stem cells, increases antibody production depending on the dose, reduces the degree of immunosuppression, restores the ratio of T-suppressors and T-helpers. Effective for various viral infections (including those caused by influenza viruses, other pathogens of acute respiratory viral infections, viruses, herpes). The mechanism of antiviral action is associated with the inhibition of translation of virus-specific proteins in infected cells, resulting in suppressed reproduction of viruses. Pharmacokinetics Absorption After oral administration, tilorone is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Bioavailability is about 60%. Distribution Plasma protein binding - about 80%. Metabolism and excretion Tiloron is not biotransformed and does not accumulate in the body. It is excreted practically unchanged with feces (about 70%) and urine (about 9%). T1 / 2 is 48 hours. Indications In adults - for the prevention and treatment of influenza and SARS; - for the treatment of viral hepatitis A, B and C; - for the treatment of herpetic infection; - for the treatment of cytomegalovirus infection; - as part of the complex therapy of allergic and viral encephalomyelitis (including disseminated, leukoencephalitis, uveoencephalitis); - as part of complex therapy of urogenital and respiratory; - as part of the complex therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis. In children older than 7 years - for the treatment of influenza and SARS. Dosage regimen The drug is taken orally after meals. In adults, for nonspecific viral prophylaxis, the drug is prescribed at a dose of 125 mg once a week for 6 weeks. Heading dose - 750 mg (6 tab.). In the treatment of a viral dose of the drug on the first day is 125 mg 2 times / day, then they switch to 125 mg after 48 hours. The course of treatment is 1.25 g (10 tablets). In the treatment of acute B in the initial phase of treatment on the first and second days, the dose of the drug is 125 mg / day, and then 125 mg after 48 hours. The course of treatment is 2 g (16 tablets). With a protracted course of hepatitis B on the first day, the dose of the drug is 125 mg 2 times / day, then 125 mg after 48 hours. The course dose is 2.5 g (20 tablets). In chronic hepatitis B in the initial phase of treatment, the total dose is 2.5 g (20 tab.). In the first 2 days, the daily dose is 250 mg, then they switch to 125 mg after 48 hours. mg per week. The course dose of Amiksin varies from 3.75 to 5 g, the duration of treatment is 3.5-6 months, depending on the results of biochemical, immunological and morphological studies, reflecting the degree of activity of the process. In acute cases, on the first and second days of treatment, Amiksin® is prescribed at a dose of 125 mg / day, then 125 mg after 48 hours. The course dose is 2.5 g (20 tablets). In chronic in the initial phase of treatment, the total dose is 2.5 g (20 tab.). In the first 2 days, the drug is taken at a dose of 250 mg / day, then 125 mg after 48 hours. In the continuation phase of treatment, the total dose is 2.5 g (20 tablets), while the drug is prescribed at a dose of 125 mg per week. The course dose of Amiksin is 5 g (40 tablets), the duration of treatment is 6 months, depending on the results of biochemical, immunological and morphological studies, reflecting the degree of activity of the process. In the complex therapy of neuroviral infections - 125-250 mg / day in the first two days of treatment, then 125 mg after 48 hours. The dose is set individually, the duration of the course of treatment is 3-4 weeks. For the treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections in the first 2 days of illness, Amiksin® is prescribed at a dose of 125 mg / day, then 125 mg after 48 hours. The course dose is 750 mg (6 tablets). For the prevention of influenza and SARS, Amiksin® is prescribed at a dose of 125 mg once a week for 6 weeks. Heading dose - 750 mg (6 tab.). For the treatment of herpetic, cytomegalovirus infection, the dose of the drug in the first 2 days is 125 mg, then 125 mg are taken every 48 hours. The course dose is 1.25-2.5 g (10-20 tablets). For urogenital and respiratory infections, Amiksin® is prescribed at a dose of 125 mg / day for the first 2 days, then 125 mg every 48 hours. The course dose is 1.25 g (10 tablets). In the complex therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis in the first 2 days, the drug is prescribed at 250 mg / day, then 125 mg after 48 hours. The course dose is 2.5 g (20 tablets). For children over 7 years of age with uncomplicated forms of influenza or other acute respiratory viral infections, the drug is prescribed at a dose of 60 mg (1 tab.) 1 time / day after meals on the 1st, 2nd and 4th day from the start of treatment. Heading dose - 180 mg (3 tablets). With the development of complications of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections, the drug is taken 60 mg 1 time / day on the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th day from the start of treatment. Heading dose - 240 mg (4 tab.). Side effect From the digestive system: symptoms of dyspepsia are possible. Other: short-term chills, allergic reactions are possible. Contraindications for use - pregnancy; - the period of breastfeeding; - children's age up to 7 years; - Hypersensitivity to the drug. Use during pregnancy and lactation Amiksin® is contraindicated for use during pregnancy and during breastfeeding. Use in children Contraindication: children under 7 years of age. Amixin® is compatible with antibiotics and conventional treatment of viral and bacterial infections. Overdose To date, cases of overdose of the drug Amiksin® are unknown. Drug Interactions Clinically significant drug interactions of Amiksin with antibiotics and conventional treatment of viral and bacterial infections have not been identified. Terms and conditions of storage The drug should be stored out of the reach of children, dry, dark place at a temperature not exceeding 30°C. Shelf life - 3 years. Terms of dispensing from pharmacies The drug is dispensed without a prescription.
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Lymphomyosot
Lymphomyosot is a strong homeopathic remedy with immunomodulator properties. Lymphomyosot is a homeopathic remedy with immunomodulator properties. Lymphomyosot improves the absorption of all drugs, in many cases allowing you to reduce their dosage and prevent the occurrence of side effects. Lymphomyosot also fights edema well, has a lymphatic drainage effect, normalizing the exchange of fluids in the human body.
In addition to the effect of activating metabolic processes, strengthening the ability of the immune system to resist, Lymphomyosot removes harmful chemical compounds from the body. It is used to treat diseases of the ENT organs, skin diseases, tumors, asthenia, etc.
Lymphomyosot is contraindicated in the presence of diseases of the thyroid gland and liver.
Content
Without the immune system, the human body would not exist in a healthy state for even an hour! Its high mission is to protect the biochemical environment of the body from the aggression of external and internal enemies, from viruses to mutant tumor cells. Thanks to immunity, the body successfully prevents a myriad of diseases.
What are the pills to increase immunity in adults
Such medicines are usually combined into independent groups. Pills to increase immunity for adults - the list is long, but you need to choose with a doctor - differ significantly in the principles of action on the body's defense system:
- Synthetic drugs. The active substances are artificial chemical compounds that can increase the activity of the immune system in adults and children.
- Biogenic stimulants. Preparations produced from plant and animal raw materials. Aloe extract, Kalanchoe juice, FiBS, Biosed, Apilak, Peloid distillate, Peat, which improve the stimulation of metabolism, help increase the activity of the endocrine glands.
- vitamins. These are organic or synthesized dietary supplements (biologically active additives) that help strengthen the immune system due to the normalization of biochemical and physiological processes.
- Medicines to increase immunity of plant origin. Drugs stimulate it at the cellular level, enhancing phagocytosis. They help to improve the body's resistance to negative environmental factors.
Herbal preparations to increase immunity
It is wrong to assume that such drugs are completely safe. Indeed, natural extracts, tinctures, lozenges, tablets to increase immunity for adults - the list of them is not so long - have a minimum of side effects. The main property of herbal and homeopathic preparations is to strengthen resistance to infections. However, these medicines can cause allergic reactions.
Particularly popular are:
- tinctures of echinacea, ginseng, eleutherococcus, lemongrass, rhodiola rosea;
- , Immunorm, Estifan (echinacea tablets);
- Dr. Theis (a line of preparations with echinacea, calendula, comfrey, etc.), etc.
Interferons
Preparations of this group for strengthening the immune system are effective only if used at the very beginning of the disease. Popular drugs that help increase the body's resistance:
- - nasal drops;
- Viferon- ointments, rectal suppositories;
- - powder for injection solution.
Interferon inducers
These drugs, especially effective for viral diseases, encourage the body to produce protective proteins on its own. Such drugs have fewer side effects than drugs containing interferon. Inductors last longer, are not addictive, and are cheaper. This:
- Arbidol;
- Kagocel;
- Lavomax;
- Neovir;
- Poludan;
- Cycloferon.
Bacterial immune preparations
Fears that such drugs can be harmful are completely unfounded. Bacterial medicines for raising immunity are intended not only for adults, but also for children. Due to the presence of fragments of streptococci, staphylococci, and other pathogenic bacteria, these drugs are strong immunostimulants:
- Imudon- tablets for resorption for infections of the oral cavity of the mouth, throat;
- Broncho-munal- capsules, effective for frequent inflammation of the upper respiratory tract;
- IRS-19- immunomodulator in the form of a nasal spray, widely used in the treatment of diseases of the nose, throat, ear, respiratory tract;
- Ribomunil- tablets and granules for solution, effective against frequent infections of the upper respiratory tract;
- Pyrogenal- suppositories and injection solutions for immunorehabilitation and prevention of many inflammations;
- Likopid- a universal immunomodulator in the form of sweet tablets for the elimination of infectious processes of any localization.
Nucleic acid immunostimulatory drugs
Required medicines:
- Derinat- solution for injection, external and local use of a very wide spectrum of action (the only rare contraindication is individual intolerance);
- Ridostin- substance for injection solutions, interferon inducer, effective in the treatment of many viral infections, chlamydia, prostatitis, cancer.
Immunoglobulins
If they are not allergic, then these are indispensable medicines that help adults restore weakened immunity. Immunoglobulins differ in price from vitamin preparations, contain antibodies to pathogens of many diseases, are administered using injections and droppers:
- Intraglobin;
- Gamimun N;
- Cytotect;
- Pentaglobin;
- Humaglobin.
Synthetic pills for immunity for adults
To strengthen the body's defenses during seasonal epidemics, it is recommended to drink synthesized drugs. The only condition: the medicine selected for immunity by adults should not cause intolerance to the components. Effective synthetic immunomodulating tablets that have a powerful immunostimulating and antiviral effect:
- Galavit;
- Amiksin;
- Polyoxidonium;
- Neovir.
Vitamins to boost immunity
Vitamins are indispensable participants in biochemical reactions that maintain defenses at a high level. The most popular multivitamin-mineral complexes at an affordable price for women, men, children:
- Centrum;
- Vitrum;
- Alphabet;
- Vitrefor;
- (a series of inexpensive means).
The price of pills to increase immunity for adults
Inexpensive drugs can be bought in the online store by ordering from the catalog. Estimated cost of medicines (in rubles, the price difference depends on the city, pharmacy network):
How to choose pills for raising immunity for adults
The need for them arises only when:
- a person gets sick 5-6 times a year;
- diseases last a long time, give complications;
- neither hardening, nor diet, nor folk remedies help.
It should be remembered: most immuno-boosting drugs have a lot of contraindications, side effects! For example, many interferons cause allergic reactions, depression, furunculosis, disorders of the digestive and hematopoietic processes, cardiac activity, so only a doctor should prescribe immunostimulating tablets.
At the same time, it is extremely important to follow the treatment regimens and dosages, which should correspond to the age and general health of the patient. The best remedy for immunity is not pills, but the elimination of factors that weaken the body's defenses: a healthy, active lifestyle, high-quality food strengthen them no worse than pills.
Don't want to lie down with a cold or flu for two weeks? Already on the third day of the disease, do you dream of a speedy cure? Does a runny nose interfere with a normal life?
To speed up the course of the disease, experts recommend Oscillococcinum. It can be given to both adults and children.
Oscillococcinum helps the body's own forces to cope with the disease and bring the moment of recovery closer. It can also be taken to prevent diseases!
To raise immunity and strengthen the body's defenses, doctors recommend the use of immunomodulators. Today, the list of such drugs is extensive, so a description of their action will help you choose the right remedy.
Immunomodulators are substances that stimulate the human immune system to fight infections of various etymologies. They are used only on the recommendation of the attending physician, provided that the body is not able to cope with the disease on its own.
Usually, taking such drugs is necessary for severe degrees of various diseases, as well as ailments directly related to the functioning of the immune system.
Advantages
Immunomodulators (the list of drugs will be indicated later in the article) are one of the most important drugs used in medicine.
Immunomodulators, the list of drugs of which we will consider below, help strengthen the immune system.
Among their advantages are:
- help in alleviating the course of serious illnesses;
- activation of the body's defenses in an unfavorable environment;
- acceleration of the recovery period after injuries or surgical interventions;
- prevention of the development of neoplasms;
- impact on the recovery process, provided that basic medicines are taken.
Types of immunomodulators
There are 2 types of drugs that affect the activity of human immunity:
- Immunomodulators.
- Immunosuppressants.
The first substances contribute to the strengthening of existing immunity or are aimed at creating immunity to a specific pathogen.
So immunomodulators are drugs that are designed to increase the resistance of the immune system.
Immunosuppressants destroy immunity to a particular virus if the immune system begins to attack the body. This happens in the case of autoimmune diseases, after organ transplants or in serious illnesses.
Local preparations
Immunomodulators (a list of drugs is available in the table) of local action are designed to enhance the resistance to viruses of the external mucous membranes of the body. Such funds act through the upper respiratory tract of a person: nose and throat.
Most local immunostimulants are produced in the form of sprays for greater coverage of the mucosal area, so they are most often used in the treatment of children and the elderly.
The most high-quality topical preparations are considered:
Means of systemic action
Systemic immunomodulators begin to develop general immunity after the components of the substance are absorbed into the blood and tissues of the body. Take such drugs orally or sublingually, many of them require the use of the scheme.
Preparations:
- Amiksin;
- Polyoxidonium;
- Immunal;
- Cycloferon;
- Kagocel.
Classification
Drugs that stimulate the activity of the immune system are divided by composition and origin. Endogenous immunomodulators are produced in the body, while exogenous ones enter it from the outside. Each of these species differ in other factors.
Exogenous:
- bacterial;
- vegetable;
- synthetic.
Endogenous:
- thymic;
- bone marrow;
- interleukins;
- cytokines;
- immunoglobulins;
- interferon inducers;
- interferons;
- other substances.
Synthetic drugs
Synthetic immunomodulators are produced by combining chemical reactions with the participation of artificial components. By origin, they are divided into bacterial and fungal.
Immunostimulants of exogenous origin:
- Levamisole;
- Poludan;
- Cycloferon;
- Ridostin;
- Glutoxim;
- Polyoxidonium;
- Yodantipyrin;
- Neovir;
- Diuciphone.
Endogenous means
Immunomodulators (the list of endogenous drugs is listed below) of this group are obtained from bone marrow, thymus and blood products. They contain components that provoke the body to develop protective forces against pathogens.
These include:
- Timalin;
- Betaleukin;
- Taktivin;
- Roncoleukin;
- Myelopid;
- Affinoleukin.
Interferons
Interferons are protein substances that body cells create to fight viruses. The production of interferons is determined by the action of real bacteria and viruses or the influence of synthetic drugs that attack the human immune system.
Among them are:
Means of microbial origin
A feature of immunomodulators of this type is that they contain elements of the main pathogens of infections, such as Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella and Streptococcus, in small doses.
They are used as prophylactic medicines aimed at developing immunity to diseases of the upper respiratory tract, treating complicated bronchial asthma and chronic tonsillitis.
Such funds can be used even by children from six months of age.
Microbial immunomodulators:
- IRS-19;
- Ribomunil;
- Imudon;
- Likopid.
Herbal adaptogens
Adaptogens are substances that adapt the body to adverse conditions:
- stress;
- cold or heat;
- strong physical or mental stress.
Adaptogens of plant origin are herbs or roots that have tonic and tonic properties. They help improve the functioning of the human immune system and reduce the likelihood of the incidence of colds.
Plants have adaptogenic qualities:
- ginger;
- lemongrass Chinese;
- rhodiola rosea;
- echinacea purpurea;
- rose hip;
- ginseng;
- sea buckthorn;
- eleutherococcus;
- astragalus.
When is the use of immunomodulators relevant?
Immunomodulators (a list of drugs with indications for use will help you choose the right remedy) should be used only as directed and in the dosage indicated by the attending physician.
Initially, such funds were used in the case of:
Taking drugs for allergies suggests the presence of secondary intolerance - an allergic reaction complicated by another disease. In autoimmune diseases, immunosuppressants are used. Their action is aimed at removing the inflammatory process and eliminating its symptoms.
Frequent relapses of chronic infectious and inflammatory diseases indicate immunodeficiencies. In such cases, the use of immunomodulators will be justified.
Rating of immunostimulating agents for women, men and children
Despite the fact that most immunomodulators are considered drugs of a general spectrum of action, some of them have their own specifics. Means prescribed for children are used to treat and prevent colds.
Men and women are offered preparations for adults, which have not only a protective function, but are also used in the treatment of gynecological, urogenital and proctological ailments.
| A place | Children | Women | Men |
| 1 | IRS 19 | Galavit | Timalin |
| 2 | Viferon | Polyoxidonium | Genferon |
| 3 | Anaferon for children | Arbidol | Ribomunil |
| 4 | Groprinosin | Immunal | Imunofan |
| 5 | Laferobion | transfer factor | Cycloferon |
| 6 | Aflubin | Epigen Intim | Kipferon |
| 7 | Derinat | Lavomax | Cytovir-3 |
| 8 | Grippferon | Inoprinosine | Ergoferon |
Likopid
The drug has an immunostimulating effect, due to the destruction of harmful microorganisms and the stimulation of the protective forces of a person's natural immunity.
Its advantage is the possibility of using it in the treatment of children from the moment of birth. The scope of use of the drug in pediatrics is pneumonia and viral hepatitis.
Indications:
- lung diseases;
- herpesvirus;
- chronic viral infections;
- tuberculosis;
- diseases of the uterus on the background of HPV;
- vaginitis (fungal and bacterial);
- genital tract infections.
Immunal
Herbal remedy based on echinacea extract. It activates the protective processes of the immune system, contributing to the destruction of pathogenic organisms.
Popular for SARS, flu and colds. It can also be used to support health during or after taking antibiotics. Among the contraindications are tuberculosis, oncological diseases and immunodeficiencies.
Kagocel
It is one of the inducers of interferon. Such substances provoke the body's immune system to produce its own interferon. The drug is most effective in diseases of the lungs and upper respiratory tract, as well as herpes.
It is worth starting the reception from the 1st day of infection, but no later than 4 days.
Viferon
An effective drug used to treat representatives of all ages, starting from the neonatal period. The remedy is available in the form of suppositories or ointments. Stimulates the immune system to fight pathogens and has an antiviral effect. Compared to other immunomodulators, it can be used during pregnancy.
The medication is prescribed for:
- SARS;
- inflammatory processes;
- infectious diseases;
- hepatitis;
- chlamydial infection.
Amiksin
The drug provokes the body to produce all types of interferon. A day after the start of administration, the amount of the substance rises and begins to fight infection. A feature is that the agent is not excreted from the body for about 2 months after the completion of the course, providing a therapeutic effect during this period.
Used to treat:
Cycloferon
The tool stimulates the necessary links of immunity, affecting the production of interferon, which remains active for 2 days. The drug is produced in the form of ointment, tablets and solution for intravenous administration. It has anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects, is used for immunotherapy.
Efficiency shows in the treatment of such diseases:
- flu;
- pneumonia;
- hepatitis;
- ulcer;
- erysipelas;
- chlamydia;
- cytomegalovirus;
- herpes;
- tick-borne encephalitis;
- autoimmune diseases.
Thymogen
Thymic immunomodulator, used primarily in diseases that are characterized by immunodeficiency.
Appointed for:
- chronic and acute stages of bronchitis and pneumonia;
- burns of various etymologies;
- atopic dermatitis and skin diseases;
- complications and sepsis of epidermal damage.
It is also used as a maintenance drug during chemotherapy and radiation, preventing infection with infectious diseases. It can be used in pediatrics from the age of six months.
Derinat
The drug enhances the immunity of body cells, preventing the penetration of fungi, viruses and bacteria. It also helps to restore organs and tissues damaged by fungal, microbial and viral pathogens. It is used from the first months of life.
In addition to the fight against SARS and colds, the drug has a positive effect in the treatment of such ailments:
- tuberculosis;
- stomach ulcer;
- duodenal ulcer;
- ischemia;
- prostatitis;
- oncological diseases.
Anaferon
Homeopathic preparation with immunomodulatory properties. Prevents the reproduction of pathogenic microflora and stimulates the immune system. Available in the form of tablets for adults over 18 years of age and for children.
It is used for both treatment and prevention of diseases.
A feature of the tool is the absence of contraindications and the minimum risk of an allergic reaction to the components.
Indications for appointment:
Lizobakt
A drug was produced based on an enzyme present in human saliva. Available in the form of lozenges.
The drug effectively fights diseases of the oral cavity:
- angina;
- tonsillitis;
- glossitis;
- gingivitis;
- pharyngitis;
- stomatitis.
Remantadine
An antiviral drug that affects the immune defenses. Interferes with the activity of pathogens after entering the cells of the body.
Used for prevention and treatment:
- flu;
- SARS;
- tick-borne encephalitis.
Ergoferon
The drug has anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. It has antihistamine and immunomodulator properties. Improves the work of the immune system of the body due to the complex action. Suitable for prophylactic use during influenza epidemics.
Purpose:
- meningococcus;
- herpes;
- tick-borne encephalitis;
- rotavirus;
- pseudotuberculosis;
- flu;
- SARS;
- whooping cough;
- parainfluenza;
- tuberculosis.
Features of the use of immunomodulators in different conditions
In chronic infections, drugs that activate the immune system are prescribed simultaneously with antiviral and antibacterial agents. Viral and acute bacterial infections represent a special group of diseases. In their treatment, it is necessary to avoid endogenous thymic-type drugs and cytokines.
Immunomodulators are used as means of rehabilitation therapy for:
- severe, prolonged colds;
- complications of acute infectious diseases;
- oncological diseases.
During gestation, most immunostimulating agents are prohibited from taking. The exceptions are drugs such as Viferon, Derinat or adaptogens.
With oncology
Immunomodulators are used in the treatment of cancer as supportive drugs that help restore the body's strength after chemotherapy and radiation procedures.
They reduce the toxic effect of anticancer drugs and increase the number of leukocytes in the patient's blood, thus eliminating intoxication. Among the list of drugs used in oncology, Polyoxidonium, Imunofan and Galavit are distinguished.
Also, immunomodulators are used for:
- Reducing the likelihood of metastasis formation.
- postoperative rehabilitation.
- Immunosuppressive effect on malignant neoplasm.
With herpesvirus infection
Taking immunomodulators for the herpes virus is advisable if the disease recurs more than 8-10 times a year and is characterized by a severe course. Drugs are used for any type of herpetic infection. It is important to consult with a dermatologist or therapist in advance to determine the type of disease and select the appropriate immunostimulant.
The main condition for the treatment of herpes with the help of immunomodulators is the use of drugs against the background of antiviral therapy. The use of drugs that affect the immune system does not cure the virus, but reduces the frequency of relapses and shortens the recovery period.
With human papillomavirus
The human papillomavirus (HPV) enters the body during a period of reduced body defenses against the background of colds or other diseases. With subsequent infection with any disease, the body does not provide enough strength to fight, as a result of which growths appear on the skin.
HPV is especially dangerous for women. Some strains of this virus cause damage to the cervix and provoke cancer.
With the timely removal of papillomas and concomitant treatment with immunomodulators, it is possible to recover from HPV within 2-3 years. For therapy, herbal remedies and interferon preparations are used.
For cold conditions
Most often, immunomodulators are prescribed for colds in adults and children. It is relevant to use such drugs for frequently recurring diseases, which are characterized by the appearance of complications, rapid subsequent infection or transition to the chronic stage.
For the treatment of influenza and colds, complex preparations are prescribed that have an antiviral and immunomodulatory effect. The most applicable group of agents is interferons and their inducers. They thicken the cell membrane and prevent the penetration of viruses. Such immunomodulators are called the safest, with a minimum number of side effects.
It is worth remembering that the emphasis should be placed on the prevention of colds with the help of herbal adaptogens, since excessive intake of immunostimulants can lead to the depletion of the body's own defenses.
For other diseases
In addition to treating a number of major diseases, immunomodulators are used for therapy:
It is forbidden to take drugs of this type for such diseases:
- Immunoglobulin-alpha nephropathy.
- dry syndrome.
- autoimmune hepatitis.
- Bronchial asthma of some types.
- Cirrhosis.
- Diabetes.
- Myasthenia.
- Hypocorticism.
Immunomodulators are serious drugs that should be used only according to the indications of the attending physician. The list of drugs with an immunomodulatory effect is quite large, so choosing the right medication is not difficult.
Article formatting: Lozinsky Oleg
Video about immunomodulators
Immunomodulators - medical deception or delusion:
Modern immunostimulating drugs are classified according to their origin into the following groups:
- Herbal remedies - extracts or tinctures of echinacea, eleutherococcus, magnolia vine, Immunal, etc. These remedies have a mild adaptogenic and immunostimulating effect and are prescribed to patients with immunodeficiencies. When taken prophylactically, such drugs significantly reduce the risks of influenza or respiratory infections, prevent radiation pathology and reduce harm from cytostatics;
- Microbial preparations - Imudon, IRS-19, etc. The preparations act directly on macrophages and monocytes, which, after activation, intensively produce cytokines that trigger immune reactions that promote the elimination of microbes;
- Interferon means - Anaferon, Viferon. Preparations protect the body from various kinds of antigenic attacks of bacterial, viral and other origin;
- Synthetic preparations - Amiksin, Trekrezan, etc. Increase the general organic resistance to negative external influences and stimulate immune responses;
- Endogenous means - Thymogen, Timalin. These are preparations based on placental or bone marrow cells or thymus. They restore the normal number of blood cells, cause increased interferon production and immune activity.
Drugs with adaptogenic or immunomodulatory activity are strongly not recommended to be taken on their own, the need for their intake should be determined by an immunologist.
Popular drugs
Trekrezan (250 r*)
The adaptogenic immunomodulator Trekrezan stimulates interferon production, corrects and improves the patient's immune status. As a result of the use of the drug:
- Increases the body's endurance during mental and physical stress;
- The toxic effects of various medicines and chemicals are reduced;
- The body acquires a special resistance to oxygen deficiency, temperature extremes and other aggressive factors.
Due to similar effects, Trekrezan is successfully used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes for respiratory infections, flu or colds. In the presence of stressful influences (for example, lack of oxygen, hypothermia or overheating), it helps to increase the efficiency and resistance of the body.
This immunomodulator is prescribed in the complex treatment of alcohol withdrawal or heavy metal poisoning. The drug is contraindicated in pregnancy, children under 12 years of age and pregnant women with lactose intolerance.
Immunal, Echinacea (300 r*)
Immunal contains components of plant origin (echinacea juice). The drug provokes an increase in nonspecific immunity. Due to the activation of phagocytosis and an increase in leukocytes, the drug inhibits the reproduction and growth of pathogenic microorganisms. In addition, Immunal has antiviral activity against herpes or influenza. Preparations Echinacea and Immunal are analogues that have the same active ingredient (an extract from the herb of echinacea), so they have a similar effect.
Both drugs are used:
- If there are initial signs of influenza or colds, as well as for the prevention of these pathologies;
- In order to improve the immune status during long-term antibiotic treatment;
- In the treatment of recurrences of genitourinary and respiratory pathologies.
Echinacea is contraindicated in autoimmune pathologies, immunodeficiency (HIV), AIDS, multiple sclerosis, hypersensitivity to the plant and its components, children under 12 years of age, in the presence of systemic pathologies such as leukemia, tuberculosis, etc. It is not recommended to take it unnecessarily and pregnant women , because there are no final results of studies on the effect of the drug on the fetus and the course of pregnancy.
Immunal in the form of a solution is contraindicated in children under one year old, and in tablets for children under 4 years old. You can’t take the drug for autoimmune and systemic pathologies like AIDS or HIV, multiple sclerosis and leukemia, tuberculosis, etc. You can’t take Immunal for people who have hypersensitivity or intolerance to echinacea and other components of the drug. Unlike Echinacea, Immunal can be taken by lactating and pregnant women, but only with a doctor's prescription.
Immunomax (800 r *)
An effective immunostimulant, under the influence of which there is a threefold increase in the activity of the cellular structures of the immune system. Immunomax increases the body's resistance to viruses like herpes or plague, papillomavirus or parvovirus. In addition, the drug protects the body from bacterial microorganisms such as chlamydia, staphylococcus, E. coli, salmonella or mycoplasma, ureaplasma, etc.
Immunomax contraindications:
- Up to 12 years of age;
- Breastfeeding and pregnancy;
- Hypersensitivity to the drug or its individual components.
The drug does not cause adverse reactions. And in exceptional cases, it can be prescribed during pregnancy.
Galavit (tablets 300 r*, injections 600 r*)
A modern immunomodulator that is available in the form of suppositories, tablets and powder for injection. The drug has an additional anti-inflammatory effect. Galavit refers to synthetic immunostimulants and currently has no analogues. The drug is endowed with a broad-spectrum effect:
- It enhances the production of the necessary antibodies;
- Enhances the production of macrophages, which are distinguished by their ability to eliminate pathogenic pathogens;
- Increases the production of interferons, which contribute to resistance to various infections;
- Has an antioxidant effect;
- Differs in hepatoprotective activity, i.e. protects the liver.
Galavit is contraindicated in patients under 6 years of age, nursing, pregnant or people intolerant to this medication.
Arbidol (250 r *)
An antiviral agent with moderate immunomodulatory activity. The drug is indicated for diseases like:
- SARS, severe cases of respiratory diseases complicated by pneumonic or bronchial processes, influenza types A and B;
- Pneumonic lesions, complex treatment of chronic inflammation of the bronchi, recurrent herpes, pneumonia;
- Restoration and improvement of the immune status, prophylactic administration of the drug after surgery;
- In the complex treatment of acute intestinal lesions of rotavirus origin in pediatric patients (over 3 years of age).
The drug has practically no contraindications and side effects. It is not prescribed to children under the age of three, as well as patients who are hypersensitive to the drug. Among the possible adverse reactions, allergic manifestations are very rarely observed.
Isoprinosine (600 r*)
Tableted preparation of antiviral and immunostimulating action. An agent of synthetic origin, a derivative of purine, is used for diseases such as:
- Papillomavirus, including with lesions of the genital organs and larynx;
- Various forms of SARS and influenza;
- Shingles and chickenpox;
- Cytomegalovirus;
- Various modifications of herpesvirus of all types, as well as herpetic keratitis, genital herpetic lesions, etc.;
- Molluscum contagiosum;
- Corey;
- Mononucleosis of infectious origin, etc.
Among the shortcomings of the drug, patients note the presence of adverse reactions in the form of nausea and vomiting syndrome and epigastric pain, itching on the skin, joint pain and dizziness, sleep disorders and headaches, exacerbations of gout or intestinal upset. Since the drug causes an increase in urea in the blood, it is contraindicated in urolithiasis, gout, insufficient kidney activity and arrhythmias. In addition, Isoprinosine is contraindicated in children weighing less than 20 kg and younger than 3 years of age.
Imunofan (500 r*)
Imunofan is an immunomodulating drug with hepatoprotective, detoxifying, antioxidant and immunostimulating activity. In addition, the drug prevents the emergence of cellular resistance to anticancer drugs.
The drug is available in the form of injections, rectal suppositories or nasal spray. Imunofan is effective in the treatment of:
- HIV infection;
- Various kinds of immunodeficiency states;
- Papillomavirus;
- Cytomegalovirus;
- Viral hepatitis of various types;
- herpes;
- In complex antitumor therapy, etc.
The drug is not used in the treatment of children under 2 years of age and pregnant women who have a conflict of Rh blood with the fetus.
Tiloron (600 r*)
Drugs Lavomax, Amiksin and Tiloram are analogues, have the same active ingredient (tiloron) and belong to the group of drugs - interferon synthesis inducers with immunomodulatory and antiviral effects. The drugs are produced in tablet form.
- Lavomax provokes an increase in the formation of antibodies, stimulates bone marrow stem cell structures, and reduces immunosuppressive activity. It is used for herpetic and cytomegalovirus infections, viral hepatitis, respiratory and influenza infections in adult patients. Contraindicated in pregnant women, children and adolescents under 18 and lactating.
- Amiksin has a similar effect and is able to stop viral reproduction. It can be used in pediatrics from the age of 7, however, it is contraindicated in breastfeeding and pregnancy.
- Tiloram, like Lavomax, is contraindicated in patients under 18 years of age, pregnant and breastfeeding patients. Adverse reactions sometimes include allergic rashes, slight chills and dyspepsia (digestive disorders).
Timalin (500 r*)
The drug is produced in the form of a lyophilisate for the preparation of injection solutions. The active substance of the drug is thymus extract, which is obtained by extracting from the thymus gland of animals.
The drug is effective when it is necessary to restore immune activity. In addition, against the background of taking Timalin, patients experience an improvement in cellular material-exchange processes, hematopoiesis is restored and regeneration is accelerated.
Timalin is shown:
- With a reduced immune status against the background of various kinds of soft tissue and bone purulent-inflammatory pathologies;
- With infectious lesions of bacterial or viral origin;
- With oppression of hematopoietic and immune functions against the background of chemotherapeutic or radiation treatment of tumor and oncological processes, as well as with prolonged antibiotic therapy, etc.
The drug has no contraindications and is not prescribed only to people with hypersensitivity to it. In rare cases, the use of Timalin is accompanied by adverse allergic reactions.
There is an analogue based on the same substance - Taktivin.
Riboxin
Refers to the regulators of metabolism, has antiarrhythmic and antihypoxic activity. As a result of taking the drug, the blood circulation of the coronary network is normalized, the energy balance of the heart is increased. The active substance is inosine. The drug is used only in adult patients in the treatment of myocardial ischemia and arrhythmia, provoked by the intake of cardiac glycosides.
Cytoflavin
A multicomponent preparation containing inosine, succinic acid, vitamins B₂ and PP. Cytoflavin refers to metabolic drugs that improve tissue nutrition and cellular respiration, blood circulation. It has anti-ischemic and neuroprotective activity. Produced in tablets and injections, it is used in the treatment of patients of any age. It is undesirable to use in pregnant and lactating patients.
Can pregnant women take
Doctors do not have an unequivocal opinion regarding the intake of immunomodulators in pregnant women, however, the majority is inclined to believe that they should not be taken anyway. Most of the drugs in this group exist on the pharmaceutical market for a relatively short time, so long-term side effects from their use are still unknown.
To increase immunity, it is better for pregnant women to adjust their diet by enriching it with vegetables, herbs and fruits, rationally organize the regimen, take more time to walk in the fresh air, etc.
In childhood
In the treatment of children, the use of immunomodulators and adaptogens is justified in the following cases:
- Frequent SARS, colds and flu;
- In the absence of hyperthermic symptoms during respiratory infections and influenza;
- With sleep disorders, severe weakness, frequent headaches;
- With food-type allergies;
- With a noticeable increase in lymph nodes.
Up to 1.5 years of age, immunomodulators are used only in exceptional cases. Older children, strictly according to medical indications, can be given immunomodulators of the interferon group. It is pointless to give specific names for such funds, because only a pediatrician should prescribe them. As immunostimulants and adaptogens in children, it is better to use natural remedies like honey, rose hips, garlic or onions, eucalyptus, etc.
General operating principles
Immunomodulating drugs are designed to balance the level of cellular structures of the immune system in the presence of autoimmune pathologies. These drugs balance the activity of all immune components, if necessary, suppressing their activity or activating it. The action of adaptogens is aimed at increasing the resistance of organic structures to infectious, viral and other types of external influences.
Immunomodulatory drugs are prescribed for patients with serious health problems. There are a number of pathologies against which the body is not able to resist even the simplest infectious lesions. The most famous such pathology is the human immunodeficiency virus. To avoid constant colds and flu with any slight hypothermia, immunomodulators are prescribed for such patients.
Premature babies also need immunomodulatory therapy, especially when they start attending preschool educational institutions. In such a situation, children enter a completely new environment that has its own bacteria and microorganisms, therefore, sometimes during the adaptation period, children are prescribed adaptogens, which:
- Slightly affect the nervous system structures;
- Restore endocrine activity;
- Accelerate material exchange reactions;
- Form the body's resistance to adverse external influences;
- Contribute to increased efficiency, tolerance of excessive loads, etc.
At the same time, adaptogenic drugs do not disrupt the normal functioning of the body. They are recommended to be taken by workers in hazardous industries and hard work, athletes and people in a state of stress or depressive disorder. If you take adaptogens with increased mental and physical stress, then the drugs will accelerate the body's adaptability without harm to brain and muscle activity.