Multi Point Injection- a new type of gasoline engine with a pre-installed multipoint fuel injection system. Each cylinder has a built-in injector, as a result of which the combustible mixture is evenly and proportionally distributed around the perimeter. The company's engineers are considered to be the inventor of the technology. They are the first to develop an alternative to the carbureted type. About how it works MPI engine, and how effective it is, we will consider in more detail.
How modern is Multi Point Injection
A number of automakers in Europe and Asia believe that this type has no future, as the rapid development of technology will quickly leave the “novelty” behind. This is partly true. Only the Volkswagen concern and its structural subdivisions, including Škoda, are actively developing and supporting MPI. Business card: engine with volumes of 1.3, 1.4 and 1.6 liters.
The main feature of the power unit is the absence of any turbocharged supercharger. The design is simple and intuitive:
- a gasoline pump that supplies a combustible mixture to the intake manifold at high pressure. Operating indicator three atmospheres;
- through the inlet valve of the nozzle, fuel enters the cylinder, where ignition occurs, exhaust gases are removed.
Multi Point Injection is equipped with a water cooling circuit combustible mixture. It sounds unusual, it's hard to imagine, but the system works successfully. The presence of a non-standard design is explained by the fact that there is an increased temperature above the cylinder head, and the fuel is supplied under low pressure. The consequences are negative, the risk of boiling, the formation of a gas-air plug. Without a third-party cooler, the operation of the power unit is impossible.
Benefits of MPI
- simplicity of design. Obviously, such engines are simpler than power units equipped with TSI with turbochargers, but not carbureted type. A number of repairs are carried out by the owners on their own, without resorting to the help of service station specialists. Explicit savings on monthly maintenance;
- loyal attitude of the system to the quality of fuel. With regard to the CIS countries, where the fuel is not always "good", this option is acceptable. The power unit runs quite comfortably on AI-92 gasoline;
- average service life up to overhaul is 300,000 km. These figures are given by the manufacturer. In practice, the resource is less than 50,000 km. Few people take into account the factor of timely replacement of engine oil, cleaning elements, refueling with high-quality fuel;
- minimal risks associated with overheating;
- the possibility of mechanical adjustment of the ignition timing;
- the design provides for the presence of rubber mounts above the engine. This allows you to dampen vibrations, vibrations during operation.
Disadvantages of MPI
- increased fuel consumption. The factor is quite controversial, it can be interpreted in different ways. In comparison with it is increased by 7%. Many potential buyers are deterred, repelled;
- low torque, and as a result, an average power factor. The fuel mixture is mixed directly in the intake ports, not in the cylinders. This is not typical for most designs, causing misunderstanding among TSI designers.
Cars with pre-installed MPI are not considered frisky, fast, active. Quicker average level for connoisseurs of a leisurely drive, family vacation.
Sales statistics for the CIS and the Russian Federation, among other things, show that for owners, the indicator of power remains a priority, rather than practicality.
Typical symptoms of an MPI malfunction
- power loss while driving
- increased fuel consumption;
- on the central dashboard the indicator signals the presence of a “Check Engine” malfunction;
- from exhaust pipe blue, white or black exhaust comes out. At the same time, this indicates a faulty injector and fuel equipment;
- unstable idling;
- difficult start on the "cold";
- increased working sound, vibration.
Common causes of breakdowns
- violation, ignoring the terms of the technical inspection;
- third-party technical (mechanical) damage, accidents, collisions, impacts;
- installation of non-original parts, components, consumables;
- refueling with low-quality fuel with a high content of chemical impurities;
- violation of the rules for using the machine, power unit;
- discrepancy between temperature regimes, oil viscosity indices;
- systematic loads above the norm.
Difference between TSI and MPI
(twin supercharging with layered injection) - this is how the abbreviation TSI stands for. This interpretation was given by Volkswagen engineers at the initial stage. After that, it was renamed Turbo Stratified Injection. Now the abbreviation is used by many concerns, with only a few letters added to distinguish it.
Differences between the two types:
- TSI has a standard inflation system. There can be two superchargers in the engine at the same time: a turbocharged compressor and a mechanical type;
- there are no superchargers in MPI, they are not provided for by the design. When it comes to MPI, they mean power units atmospheric type;
- TSI puts forward a number of requirements for engine oil, viscosity coefficient, replacement frequency;
- in TSI, fuel is injected directly into the cylinder cavity. For this, a special-shaped head, pistons, fuel nozzles are made;
- in MPI, fuel enters initially into the intake manifold, and then into the cylinder at the moment the valves open. For such a design, the presence of a gasoline pump is not at all necessary, since the standard pressure is sufficient to supply fuel.
In the event of breakdowns, repairing MPI will cost several times cheaper than TSI. This factor has significant power, for many potential owners it is fundamental.
Surely everyone knows what a motor is in a car. but today our article is devoted to a specific unit, about which we will try to tell from "A" to "Z"
The end of the last century and the beginning of a new one became a period of heightened interest in gasoline engines brand MPI. The decoding of this abbreviation sounds like Multi Point Injection. An extraordinary fuel injection scheme served good demand for vehicles with these engines. This scheme was created according to the multipoint principle.
Due to the individual injectors in each cylinder, the fuel is distributed as evenly as possible in the cylinders. This design development, namely the release of engines with multipoint injection, was undertaken by Volkswagen. Due to which MPI engines subsequently appeared.
The appearance of such power plants constituted an alternative to carbureted engines. To better understand the MPI engine, you need to carefully analyze its competitive features.
The Modernity of Multi Point Injection Engines
There is no future for MPI engines, as it looked a few years ago, many even believed that the production of motors of this type was suspended. The radical development of automotive developments and technologies very quickly forces us not to remember yesterday's quality guidelines.
In fact, this is what happens with MPI engines, many in the industry claim that economy and environmental friendliness are outdated.
But these conclusions are more true only for the European markets, and as for the Russian ones, then all this looks partly. Since the real potential of these units has not yet been fully revealed by domestic motorists.
Forward-thinking manufacturers are keeping this technology alive and constantly incorporating it into vehicles designed to Russian roads. For example, on Skoda Yeti or Volkswagen Polo. The most memorable were the representatives of the MPI system with engines, the volume of which was 1.4 or 1.6 liters.
Design features of the MPI engine
The absolute absence of a turbocharger is another significant feature of this system, along with a multipoint injection system. In the design of these engines, there is a conventional gasoline pump, which, under a pressure of 3 atmospheres, supplies fuel to the intake manifold for subsequent mixture formation and supply of a ready-made composition through the intake valve.
This scheme of operation is very similar to the scheme of operation of carburetor engines. With one difference, that there is a separate nozzle on each cylinder.
Another unusual feature of the Multi Point Injection system of the engine is the presence of a water cooling circuit for fuel mixture. This is because the cylinder head area is very heat, and the pressure of the incoming fuel is very low, because of this there is a high probability of a gas-air plug and, consequently, boiling.
Special Advantages of MPI
Before switching to a car with MPI, many motorists who are more or less familiar with this system will think very hard about getting a set of advantages due to which multipoint injection installations have earned their vocation in the world.
Simplicity of the device
This does not mean that such systems are simpler compared to carbureted models. If we compare the TSI model, which has a high-pressure fuel pump and turbochargers in its design, then naturally superiority is obvious. And the cost of the car will be lower and reduced operating costs and the possibility of self-repair.
Undemanding requests for fuel quality
It is not possible to guarantee the proper quality of fuel and oils everywhere and always, which is very typical for Russia. The use of low-octane gasolines below 92 does not affect the performance of MPI engines, as they are very unpretentious. The minimum mileage of cars without breakdowns, according to the developers, is 300,000 km, subject to the timely replacement of oil and filter elements.
The minimum value of the probability of overheating
The ignition timing is adjustable. The presence of a system of engine mounts, which is designed for the use of rubber mounts. Of course, this is not directly related to the engine, but it still matters for the performance of the engine and the comfort of the driver.
Since vibrations and various noises that occur when driving are damped due to the supports. An interesting feature is that the supports have automatic adjustment for various engine operating modes.
Characteristic Disadvantages of MPI
All the shortcomings of this engine are expressed precisely by its design features. The connection of fuel with air occurs in the channels, and not directly in the cylinders. Accordingly, there is a limitation of the intake system. This is expressed in a lack of power and rather weak torque.
Based on this, decent dynamics, sporty throttle response, and a hot drive are not obtained. In modern cars, the presence of eight valves is usually not enough, so all these characteristics increase. If to characterize this car with such a system, it will pass for a family and quiet transport.
That is why such cars have ceased to be in demand and fade into the background into the past. Why is this happening, i.e. the world made an assessment of the qualities of this system and decided that this was not enough for him, and the designers began to design more modern motors by power. But no, there are unexpected surprises in the automotive industry.
The developers of the Skoda company, having developed the Russian version of the Yeti SUV for family use, in 2014 deliberately abandoned turbocharged engine with a volume of 1.2 in favor of an MPI engine with a volume of 1.6 and a power of 110 hp.
According to the developers of the famous global concern, this engine has virtually nothing to do with old model 105 hp It is most suitable for TSI models, but it lacks direct injection and turbocharging.
Summarizing
The departure of engines from the world market with the MPI system is significantly affected by all of the above indicators. Today, many motorists prefer more powerful modern cars, the pace of which is steadily increasing.
The need to equip machines with stronger units significantly underestimates the demand for Multi Point Injection engines. Compared to them, this motor is rather weak. But it is still too early to write off the MPI engine completely, since the developers of the Skoda Yeti are trying to use it to the full on Russian roads.
MPI engine Volkswagen cars: principle of operation, features, advantages and disadvantages. The MPI engine is an injection design that uses a multi-point fuel injection device. Therefore, this motor received the appropriate name "Multi-Point-Injection". In other words, each engine cylinder has its own injector nozzle. It was this scheme that was embodied by the Volkswagen concern.
This type of engine is installed on Volkswagen New Polo sedan, some configuration Golf and (partially Golf and Jetta are also equipped with TSI engines). On the Passat CC, now (2016) only TSI engines are installed. On install FSI.
The MPI engine is the most outdated of the entire Volkswagen engine range. But, nevertheless, it is distinguished by excellent practicality and reliability. Some experts note that now this type of engine does not meet current requirements in terms of efficiency and environmental friendliness. Moreover, until recently it could be argued that this type of motor was discontinued. And the last car model the automaker where it was used was the Skoda Oktavia 2nd series.
But suddenly the MPI engine was reborn and in demand again. In the fall of 2015, Volkswagen launched a production line of engines at its Kaluga plant, where they began to produce the MPI 1.6 engine design of the EA211 series.
MPI engine features
The main difference between such engines has already been written - this is a multi-point supply of gasoline. But those who are good with car engines may note that TSI engines also have multi-point injection.
So let's move on to another distinguishing feature- There is no boost in MPI. Those. there are no turbochargers to force the mixture of fuel into the cylinders. An ordinary gasoline pump that supplies fuel at a pressure of three atmospheres to a special intake manifold, where it is further mixed with the air mass and drawn through the intake valve directly into the cylinder. As you can see, this is quite similar to the activity carburetor engine. There is no direct fuel injection into the cylinder, as in FSI, GDi or TSI devices.
Another feature is the presence of a water system, due to which the fuel mixture is cooled. This is due to the fact that an increased temperature regime is established in the area of \u200b\u200bthe cylinder head, and gasoline is supplied at a rather low pressure. Because all this can boil and form gas air locks.
Advantages
The MPI engine is distinguished by its own unpretentiousness in terms of fuel quality and can operate on 92nd gasoline.
By design, this motor is very durable, and its lowest mileage without any repair work, as the manufacturer informs, is 300 thousand km, of course, if the oils and filters are changed on time.
Due to its not very complex design, the MPI engine can be easily and inexpensively repaired in the event of a breakdown, and in general this is noticeably reflected in its price. The conventional design sets it apart from the TSI, which has an overpressure pump and turbocharger. The MPI engine is also less likely to overheat.
Another advantage of the motor is the presence of rubber supports located directly under the engine. This greatly reduces noise and jitter during movement.
disadvantages
It can be noted that the MPI engine is not very dynamic. Due to the fact that the fuel mixing process is carried out in special exhaust channels (before the fuel enters the cylinders), such engines are considered limited. An eight-valve system with a timing kit indicates a lack of power. Thus, they are designed for not very fast trips.
Among the disadvantages, one can single out that MPI is less economical. Multi-point injection is inferior in efficiency to supercharging together with direct fuel injection into the cylinder, as is done in the TSI propulsion system.
And yet, if we add up the advantages and disadvantages, it turns out that these engines are quite comparable in terms of competitiveness, especially for Russian roads. It is no coincidence for the "Skoda Yeti" German manufacturers abandoned the 1.2-liter TSI engine, preferring the proven and unpretentious 1.6-liter MPI engine.
MPI engines are gradually becoming a thing of the past, so you will rarely meet a car enthusiast who understands what they are talking about when they call this abbreviation. Those who have changed a lot of cars or are interested in cars in general know about it.
Having replaced carburetor engines, becoming the next step in the development of the automotive industry, this type of motor is now giving way to advanced developments. Today, many people think in advance which engine should be on private car: TSI, FSI or MPI. Although until now, many experts consider the latter the most practical, reliable and trouble-free in the family of injection engines.
FSI is considered a more modern development, the next step after MPI. The BSE engine appeared in 2005 and is famous for the fact that it tolerates the poor quality of domestic fuel well.
Did you know? The abbreviation MPI comes from the term Multi Point Injection, which means multi-point fuel injection. The motor was actively used on Volkswagen Group. Gradually, it was introduced at a subsidiary of Skoda. The motors were installed there for the last time - on the Yeti and Octavia models.
It should also be explained what MPI and TSI are. If the first term implies an engine internal combustion, in which each cylinder has its own injector, then TSI has different interpretations.
So, initially, the abbreviation meant double supercharging and layered injection: Twincharged Stratified Injection. But recently, the abbreviation TFSI has become increasingly used, in which the additional letter F means Fuel - fuel.
You can often find another abbreviated name for the engine - MPI DOHC, which it means is easy to understand if you know that the term DOHC marks engines that have 2 cylinders in the cylinder head. camshafts and 4 valves.
Principle of operation
The MPI fuel injection system delivers fuel from multiple points at the same time. Each cylinder has its own injector, and fuel is supplied through a special exhaust channel. But what distinguishes the MPI engine from the TSI, which is also equipped with a multi-point fuel supply, is no boost.
The fuel mixture is supplied to the cylinders not with the help of turbochargers, but with the help of a gasoline pump. It pumps gasoline into a special intake manifold at a pressure of three atmospheres, where it mixes with air and is also sucked into the cylinder through the intake valve under pressure.
Schematically, the operation of the engine looks like this:- The fuel pump pumps fuel from the tank to the injector.
- FROM electronic block injection control, a signal is given to the injector, which passes fuel into a special channel.
- The mixture is sent to the combustion chamber.
The hydraulic drive control system consists of a clutch with a grease fitting and a system that limits the trims. It includes rubber mounts that can independently adjust to the operating mode of the engine, reducing noise and vibration during operation. The engine has 8 valves: 2 for each of the cylinders, as well as a camshaft.
Did you know? The most common engines are MPI 1.4 by 80 Horse power, as well as 1.6 for 105 horsepower. But automakers are gradually abandoning them anyway. The only ones who still use engines of this type are Dodge and Skoda.
Advantages
The engine has several advantages, the main of which is - the simplicity of the system. This makes it easy to repair and maintain. For repairs, it is not always necessary to completely disassemble the entire structure. It can run on 92 gasoline.
In addition, its overall design is very durable. In most cases, you can drive up to 300 thousand km without engine repair. Of course, if you maintain it properly: change the oil and filters on time.
disadvantages
However, it design features The MPI engine was also provoked by its shortcomings. The intake system is very limited opportunities, since the fuel is combined with air not in the cylinders, but in the channels. Therefore, the motor has a weak torque and low power. In addition, 8 valves are considered insufficient for today's cars.
In general, this type of engine is only good for a low-speed family car. Apparently, therefore, car manufacturers have been increasingly refusing it recently.
Important! Today, only a few companies use this type of motor in their vehicles. In addition, its repair is quite expensive. This must be taken into account when choosing a car.
Although there are attempts to modernize this engine. For example, in 2014, Skoda installed an improved engine of this type on the Yeti, designed specifically for the Russian segment. He received a power of 110 horsepower.
Modernization is also carried out by American developers, but still, in the confrontation between power and reliability, manufacturers and motorists often choose the first.