Where do we test and test tires for their safety: we are looking for answers about how short braking distances they provide on asphalt, snow and ice (the latter applies to winter tires), how well they hold the road in corners and turns, how they resist hydroplaning, etc. P. In a word, during the tests we get objective - obtained and measured with the help of instruments - data in meters, centimeters, kilometers per hour and even in seconds. Based on this data, we can get an accurate and complete picture of how safe and effective a particular tire is and how it differs from other tires that have passed the same tests and tests.
According to the results of comparative tests, Nokian tires are among the best. As our readers know, Nokian is an original Finnish tire manufacturer. However, since 2005, Nokian tires have been produced at their own factory in Vsevolozhsk (Leningrad region, Russia). Moreover, 80% of all tires of the Finnish brand are produced here, and only 20% of tires are born at an enterprise located in the Finnish town of Nokia. Therefore, for tests, we mainly come across Nokian tires Russian production.
Comparative tire tests are, after all, one thing, and tire performance in real use is another. We think so. Therefore, last fall, just before the start of the winter season, the editors of the site took two sets of winter tires for life tests and handed them over to their colleagues and friends for testing. We chose tires Nokian Nordman RS2 SUV and Nokian WR D4 in the popular "16" size. The tires were shod respectively on Hyundai Tucson (front wheel drive) and Peugeot 308SW. Immediately, we note that the owners of these cars did not pay much attention to the brand of winter tires and usually deliberately bought what was cheaper. That's what we were counting on: to provide our fellow motorists with solid and efficient tires to find out what and how will change in their winter driving experience and feelings.
The market value of both tires does not go off scale. Nordman is Nokian's budget range of winter and summer tires. The Nokian Nordman RS2 SUV 215/65 R16 participating in the resource test will cost 170 rubles per wheel. For comparison, the domestic winter "Belshina" of the same size costs from 115 rubles per wheel.
Nokian WR D4 is a complete premium winter tire. The cost of such a tire in the amount of 205/55 R16 is 203 rubles - in principle, this is a normal price, quite at the level of premium competitors of European brands.
Both sets of tires were put on in early November and removed in mid-April.
resource tests.Nordman RS2 SUV
Tires Nokian Nordman RS2 SUV are winter tires scandinavian type. They're "slugs". They are "hard winter tires". By the way, before the advent of model range winter tire Hakkapeliitta R2 SUV the same tread pattern as the Nordman RS2 SUV was used on Hakkapeliitta tires R SUV. In a word, the Nordman RS2 SUV has at least a tread from a Scandinavian-type premium winter tire. This means that the budget tire has inherited "sipe pumps" that improve grip on winter roads. Also, the Nordman tread has brake boosters in the tread blocks, which improve grip when braking, especially on snow.
In recent years, Belarusian winters have become warmer and wetter. But if snow falls, it falls in abundance and lies for weeks. It can be rightly noted that in Belarus a mild rainy European winter 2-3 times a season is replaced by a snowy and rather severe Scandinavian one.
The owner of a Hyundai Tucson considers snow flotation and the ability to hold an icy road to be the priority qualities of winter tires. He says that he does not like to “wave a shovel” in the yard and prefers to literally go ahead. But more on that later.
In the first weeks after the start of operation, the Hyundai Tucson driver noted a smooth ride and even reduced tire noise. I.e, Nordman tires RS2 SUVs are quieter and softer than summer tires. At the same time, as the driver notes, high directional stability and quick responses to the steering wheel have been preserved. According to him, he previously considered winter tires a compromise to be endured throughout the winter season and benefited when the snow falls, covers the roads and especially the yards, which are usually difficult to clear.
Also, the experience of the owner of the Hyundai Tucson suggests that when driving on winter tires on highways, you need to especially carefully keep the distance to the car in front. There were cases when it was necessary not urgently, but quite sharply to slow down, and then winter tires on wet cold asphalt or dry clean asphalt at significant negative temperatures began to slide quite early. ABS worked and stopped blocking the front wheels to skid just a third of the pedal travel. Shoeing his crossover in Nordman RS2 SUV tires, the Hyundai Tucson driver noted that braking became more efficient and more confident. He even deliberately braked urgently on a free road and noted that “the brakes have become better”, and the ABS “began to work like a summer”. That is, in the last phase of the brake pedal stroke. In short, the characteristics of the crossover have clearly changed for the better and safer with the installation of Nordman RS2 SUV tires.
In mid-December 2016, several times Minsk was covered with freezing rain, which glazed not only cars, but also roads, albeit literally for a couple of morning hours. The driver of the Hyundai Tucson that day did not even immediately decide to go by car to work. The cars skidded and moved very reluctantly. He decided to do a little test by checking the grip of his tires on the road. He is still under the impression that his crossover was driving on an icy road like on asphalt and without hesitation climbed the street where the shuttle bus was helplessly skidding. All in all, the Nordman RS2 SUV deserved another kudos for helping out a motorist in difficult weather.
In early January 2017, snow finally fell in Minsk. Moreover, immediately in the "Scandinavian" quantity. The owner of the crossover, shod in the Nordman RS2 SUV, noted the excellent cross-country ability both in fresh and packed snow. When, after a couple of days, the snow in the yards solidified thoroughly, forming ruts and potholes, the crossover retained the ability to drive confidently and climb snow bumps. At the same time, the car got out of the rut well and almost did not slip.
In five and a half months of operation in the winter season 2016/2017, Nordman RS2 SUV tires covered 7340 km. Mostly in Minsk and on cleaned roads. The remaining tread depth indicators still show a figure eight.
Visually, the wear of the Nokian Nordman RS2 tread after the first season and 7300 km is visible only on the tires of the front axle: on a rather soft “Scandinavian” rubber compound, the “blunting” of the edges of numerous sipes is noticeable.
And here are the tires rear axle they look like new: there is even a “craquelure” in the shoulder area, indicating sufficient running in of the new Nokian Nordman RS2 winter tires.
resource tests.NokianWRD4
These tires complete the WR family, which also includes the WR D3, WR A3 and WR A4 tires. Curiously, WR D4s are available in seat sizes from 14 to 20 inches. That is, the choice of sizes for this model is wider than the WR D3 (these are offered in 13-inch sizes) and the WR A3 and WR A4 (these are also available in 21-inch sizes). WR D4 tires are designed for mild winters. However, as we know, the WR D4 outperforms its WR counterparts in tire comparison tests. Moreover, Nokian WR D4 became the world's first winter tire for cars that have reached the "A" wet grip level (according to the European Union classification). That is, they are very effective both on ice and snow, and on wet pavement.
The Nokian WR D4 tire tread looks technologically advanced.
Nokian WR D4 look very impressive. “Some kind of high-tech,” that was the first impression Peugeot owner 308SW, - I have never seen anything like it before. And some Chinese or Koreans are unlikely to be able to copy something like that.
Impressions became more after changing the shoes of the car in these tires. The ride became smoother and a little more elastic. Such bipolar impressions were formed due to the fact that the WR D4 tires are light, and their carcass is very elastic, if not rigid. That is, the chassis of the car lost a couple of kilograms of unsprung masses, and at the same time, the “rubber ball effect” that inexpensive summer tires gave to the course disappeared.
In addition, the reactions to the steering wheel have improved and become sharper. The Peugeot 308SW driver noted that at roundabouts at high speeds, the reverse force on the steering wheel became clearer and more transparent.
Being a cool "European winter" tires Nokian WR D4 very tenaciously cling to dry, wet and even dirty asphalt. The driver of the Peugeot 308SW even tried to scorch in turns and barely achieved demolition, loss of traction or blinking of the ESP operation indicator. “On the other hand, he almost fell out of the seat due to the body roll of the car, and it became scary for the suspension: it is clearly weaker than these tires,” said the driver of the Peugeot 308SW.
And he also remembers the freezing rain in Minsk, which caused inconvenience to many in the early morning while driving to work. There were no problems. The car drove as usual, confidently and clearly. “Even though a lot of people had traction issues that morning,” recalls a Nokian WR D4 tire owner.
A couple of weeks of the "Scandinavian winter", when the temperature dropped below -25°C for several days, also went unnoticed. Our pilot even felt the WR D4 tread on purpose in severe frost and it seemed to him soft, as at zero temperature. "Eurozima" from Nokian did not sag and provided excellent cross-country ability both on frozen snow and on asphalt.
Judging by the wear indicator, over 9100 km the tread of the Nokian WR D4 tires has decreased by 1 mm.
During five and a half months of operation in the winter season 2016/2017, Nordman RS2 SUV tires covered 9124 km along the streets of Minsk and on long trips around Belarus. The tread looks fresh, but the “eight” is no longer visible on the wear indicator. That is, the tread has definitely become smaller by a millimeter.
Winter is coming, and we have already tested budget winter tires in the popular size 205/55 R16. Already known models and novelties of the season took part in the test. Ten sets of tires were tested on winter roads and asphalt. A couple of pleasant surprises were presented by the domestic Belshina. But let's talk about everything in order.
At the winter test site in Finland, we tested ten sets of tires: Nokian Nordman RS2, Gislaved Soft Frost 200, Cordiant Winter Drive, Hankook Winter I*Cept iZ2, Dunlop Winter Maxx WM01, Kumho I`Zen KW31, Sava Eskimo Ice, Belshina Artmotion Snow Bel-317, Viatti Brina V521, Nitto Therma spike.
The most expensive in our test were Dunlop tires- 195 rubles, but the Russian Cordiant is the cheapest - 93 rubles. But all tires somehow belong to the budget line in their lineups.
The winter part of the tests was carried out at the polar range on ice and snow at a temperature of -10 ... -8 °C. The spring part of the tests took place at a temperature of +5…7 °С.
Ice test
Ice is not the most pleasant surface for friction tires, but if they are of the Scandinavian type, they should perform well even in such conditions.
In braking on ice, the gap between the first and last place was 4 meters. When braking from a speed of 25 km / h, this is quite a lot.
In the exercise "Acceleration on Ice", the situation has not changed much, only Hankook and Sava have changed places. However, for some, the results of this test may not be decisive when choosing tires.
But the ability of the tire to hold in the turn, that is, the level of lateral grip, is an important indicator. We evaluate it by moving at the maximum possible speed along the ice circle.
Here, unexpectedly, Viatti tires took second place, the four outsiders did not change. But for a more comprehensive assessment of the behavior of both tires and the car on ice, we conduct a series of races on a winding ice track. In addition to the lap time, we subjectively assess the handling of the car.
The main surprise was by no means the first place of Cordiant (although the Russian tires surprised), but the seventh place of Belshina. Moreover, the loss to the leaders is not so great, and for ourselves we noted that the car on domestic tires goes, albeit not too fast, but predictably, which means it is safe. Nitto frankly failed in this test, losing even the penultimate place by about 4 seconds.
Snow test
If testing on ice quickly reveals flaws in the design of the tire, then snow is no longer such a demanding surface. In braking, the spread of results was only 7%.
We cannot fail to note the excellent fourth result of Belshina. She lost a stopping distance meter to the leader. Nitto managed to fail in the snow, showing the greatest braking distance.
In acceleration on snow, the spread of results has already increased to 15%. At the same time, the first six kept within the difference within 5%. Belshina, alas, ended up in the top three, although in fact the loss of outsiders does not exceed one and a half seconds.
Despite excellent braking results, the Hankook tires ended up in last place in handling on the winding snowy track, losing about three seconds to the leader, the Sava tires. Belshina ended up in seventh place, demonstrating good traction. But the propensity to skid prevented a faster drive.
Asphalt test
In large cities, where roads are kept relatively clean in winter, tires spend most of their time on asphalt. You can also add the off-season periods when temperatures are already low, but there is no snow yet. In such conditions, winter tires must also provide safety. On pavement, dry and wet, we perform braking tests and evaluate handling on wet pavement.
It often happens that tires that did not perform very well in winter tests prove themselves on asphalt. This is exactly what happened to Belshina.
In braking on wet pavement, the Sava tires showed the best result. An unexpected second result is for Belshina. And Dunlop and Kumho turned out to have the longest braking distance - they "left" 4 meters further than the leaders.
On dry pavement, Nokian climbed to first place, Belshina dropped to sixth position, losing a little more than a meter to the leader, which cannot be considered a failure.
The last surprise came from Belshina in the handling test on wet pavement.
We managed to drive the fastest wet handling track on Sava tires. Fourth place "Belshina" - excellent result. In addition to a good absolute time for passing the track, we noted the reliable and understandable behavior of the car on domestic tires.
rolling resistance
The rolling resistance of tires is evaluated on a special stand. The parameter indicates how easily the tire rolls on the road. The lower this figure, the more economical it will be to ride on such tires.
Results and ratings
The results of all tests with grades can be viewed in the final table. If we analyze the intermediate scores, it turns out that in the asphalt part of the program, Belshina Artmotion Snow took fifth place, leaving behind only eminent brands. But the final ninth place went to the Belarusian tire manufacturers for lack of grip on ice.
First Place Winners Nokian Nordman RS2 showed themselves excellently in all "ice" disciplines, confidently kept on the snow and slowed down best of all on dry pavement. But they cost from 142 rubles. Recommended for those who live outside the city and most often ride on snow and ice.
Slovak tires lost quite a bit to Russian-made Finnish tires Gislaved Soft*Frost 200. But they pulled out due to good performance on asphalt, although in winter tests they also kept up with the leader. Good ones universal tires, but the price is slightly higher than the average - 150 rubles.
Korean Hankook Winter I*Cept iZ2 they braked best on snow and never failed in other disciplines, for which they received a well-deserved third place. At a price of 140 rubles, you can choose them as a universal "shoe" if there is no confidence in the Russian product.
Polish Sava Eskimo Ice handled well on snow and wet pavement, but failed in acceleration on snow. The rest of the performance was average, so the fourth place. At the same time, the price is not the lowest - 129 rubles.
Russian tires with an indistinct name Viatti Brina V521 took fifth place in the test. They did not fire in any of the tests, but they did not fail either. Therefore, at a price of 96 rubles, they can be considered a good purchase for those who do not like to spend extra money.
Sixth place finishers Cordiant Winter Drive lived up to its name, ahead of all competitors in handling on ice. But at the same time they showed the worst result in braking on dry pavement. However, at the lowest price - 93 rubles - quite acceptable tires for moderate winters.
Chinese Kumho I'Zen KW31 and Japanese Dunlop Winter Maxx WM01 scored almost the same number of points, finishing seventh and eighth respectively. In all indicators, they were slightly below average, but without obvious failures. At the same time, Chinese tires cost 167 rubles, and Japanese tires cost 195 (the most expensive in our test), so more rational choice there will be just Chinese tires.
Ninth place went to domestic tires. The reason for the low place is poor results on ice, but confident behavior on asphalt, both dry and wet. At a price of 107 rubles Belshina ArtMotion Snow can be safely recommended to those who spend most of their time on clean city roads, occasionally getting on the snow. In addition, our tires boast a large tread depth of 10 mm.
Japanese tires Nitto Therma Spike did not show anything special, while showing the worst results in three disciplines - handling on ice, braking on snow and handling on wet track. At a price of 138 rubles, it makes sense to look towards other manufacturers.
Owners of crossovers, especially all-wheel drive, often refer to the seasonal change of staff summer tires for winter without enthusiasm. After all, almost all native tires are marked with the M + S index, which de jure allows you to drive them in winter. The main thing is that the residual tread depth should be at least 4 mm (otherwise - 500 rubles fine). But you need to understand that the M + S marking absolutely does not oblige the manufacturer to anything! For marking, no tests or certificates are required confirming the suitability of tires for winter, and therefore, more and more often it can be seen on frankly summer, moreover, “asphalt” tires, which incidentally indicates the devaluation of not only the letter S (snow, “snow”), but also M (mud, "mud"). So we don’t look at the letters, but at the tread, and if we don’t see a lot of small slots-lamellas, then we conclude: it’s dangerous to ride on such in winter. And even better, when there is a “Snowflake” stamp on the sidewall in the form of three mountain peaks with a snowflake, these models really passed the test on a snowy track. The participants in our test are all with this marking: these are 14 sets with spikes and nine without.
The test program is standard, all the tracks of the White Hell test site near the Finnish town of Ivalo are well known to us - and most importantly, to be lucky with the weather. Almost lucky: there was no snowfall, although the temperature danced from 5 to 23 degrees of frost, so its influence had to be taken into account by conducting additional races on the "reference" tires. But the measurements of the longitudinal dynamics took place in a closed hangar with a more stable temperature.
This is where the embarrassment happened with Nokian tires, and with a model that has been produced for more than a year. Both in acceleration and in braking, studless Nokian Hakkapeliitta R2 SUV yielded not only to principal competitors, but even to the tires of their own "second line" - Nordman RS2 SUV tires! The testers of the Nokian company working in the neighborhood were alarmed, they repeated the measurements themselves ... An official investigation showed that the failed tires were produced at a plant near St. Petersburg at the end of 2016, more precisely on the 48th week. Then there was a failure in the technological cycle. They did not share details with us (apparently, there were deviations either in the duration or in the temperature of vulcanization), but they assured that the defective batch did not go on sale. Although on the outside everything is in order, and even the hardness of the tread rubber is the same as on the tires released in the 41st week of 2016 (their results were taken into account), but the difference in traction on ice reaches eight percent.
After measurements in the hangar, we get out into the freezing cold - and once again we notice that as the temperature drops, the friction tires begin to catch up and even overtake the spikes. At minus twenty, the ice becomes so hard that the studs cannot scratch it, and the tread rubber of most studded tires is harder - in the cold, friction tires are more elastic, they have a longer total length of slots-lamellae.
We, again, take into account changing conditions and adjust the results, but if all tests were carried out in light frost, friction tires would roll back to the bottom lines of the protocols.
Handling tests were carried out on the ice of the polar lake Tammijärvi
And in the snow, frost plays into the hands of friction models: while maintaining the elasticity of the tread, they better cling to the snow shagreen.
This time it was possible to support the cross-country ability assessments with instrumental measurements - acceleration time in deep snow with the traction control system turned off. It is curious that Russian tires topped and closed the rating: the best are Cordiant, and the most helpless in the virgin lands are Viatti tires manufactured by the Nizhnekamsk Tire Plant.
The asphalt part of the tests is especially relevant for residents of large cities, where the streets are cleared of snow and ice for most of the winter.
The final part of the tests is already in April, on "summer" surfaces. And in passing, we note that this time there were no tires littered with spikes.
At the top of the final ranking are the Nokian Hakkapeliitta 9 SUV tires. Expected result: if the model of the previous generation regularly won in our tests, then the new one, and even with two types of studs, easily outperformed the competitors.
Expensive? Then we carefully look at the points, at the main advantages and disadvantages of other tires - and choose best option affordable. And yet we avoid buying outsider tires - such savings threaten incomparably large costs.
Studded tire rating
| Dimension | 215/65 R16 |
|---|---|
| (55 sizes available from 215/65 R16 to 315/40 R21) | |
| Speed index | T (190 km/h) |
| Load index | 102 (850 kg) |
| Weight, kg | 11,9 |
| 9,8 | |
| 49 | |
| Number of spikes | 172 |
| 1,05/1,54 | |
| Producing country | Finland |
Hakkapeliitta with index 9 is the novelty of the season: two types of spikes are used here for the first time. Those in the middle part of the tread have transversely oriented carbide inserts: they are responsible for the longitudinal grip, and at the edges of the tread rise some sort of trefoils that work effectively in corners. And this is not a marketing trick: a clear superiority over competitors both on the handling track and in braking on ice. And in other types of winter tests, the tires are on top. On asphalt, grip is moderate, and the main problem is noise at speeds from 70 to 90 km / h.
The best tires for harsh winter conditions!
| Dimension | 215/65 R16 |
|---|---|
| (2 sizes available 205/55 R16 and 215/65 R16) | |
| Speed index | T (190 km/h) |
| Load index | 98 (750 kg) |
| Weight, kg | 11,2 |
| Tread depth, mm | 9,5 |
| Shore hardness of tread rubber, units | 56 |
| Number of spikes | 170 |
| Protrusion of spikes before/after testing, mm | 1,52/1,47 |
| Producing country | South Korea |
This year, Hankook officially opened its polar test site in Ivalo, Finland: the routes and test approaches are in many ways similar to those used by Nokian Tires. This also applies to the features of the tires themselves: the number of star spikes was increased, which ensured decent test results on ice. But in deep snow, tires do not shine, as well as on asphalt, and besides, they make a lot of noise. But it’s easy for them to forgive: Hankook Winter i * Pike RS + tires are one and a half times cheaper than the Finnish novelty.
| Dimension | 215/65 R16 |
|---|---|
| (91 sizes available from 175/70 R14 to 275/40 R22) | |
| Speed index | T (190 km/h) |
| Load index | 102 (850 kg) |
| Weight, kg | 11,4 |
| Tread depth, mm | 9,5 |
| Shore hardness of tread rubber, units | 54 |
| Number of spikes | 130 |
| Protrusion of spikes before/after testing, mm | 1,03/1,25 |
| Producing country | Russia |
Tires made in Voronezh are flavored with powerful studs-brackets - and work smartly on ice during acceleration and braking. But in corners - sharp breakdowns in sliding, so without a stabilization system you have to be on the alert. But - a good balance of grip on slippery roads and on asphalt, and therefore they can be safely recommended for winter operation in big cities. If you do not make high demands on acoustic comfort.
| Dimension | 215/65 R16 |
|---|---|
| (75 sizes available from 155/70 R13 to 275/40 R20) | |
| Speed index | T (190 km/h) |
| Load index | 102 (850 kg) |
| Weight, kg | 11,6 |
| Tread depth, mm | 9,2 |
| Shore hardness of tread rubber, units | 54 |
| Number of spikes | 130 |
| Protrusion of spikes before/after testing, mm | 1,37/1,41 |
| Producing country | Russia |
Tires are produced at the Russian plant Continental near Kaluga. The Gislaved brand belongs to Continental- and the Nord*Frost 200 model copies the asymmetric tread pattern of the first generation ContiIceContact tires, but the studs are simpler in shape and without thermochemical fixation. However, they also work well - especially in the transverse direction.
In general, these are well-balanced tires for use both in large cities and beyond.
| Dimension | 215/65 R16 |
|---|---|
| (37 sizes available from 155/70 R13 to 225/55 R18) | |
| Speed index | T (190 km/h) |
| Load index | 102 (850 kg) |
| Weight, kg | 11,9 |
| Tread depth, mm | 9,6 |
| Shore hardness of tread rubber, units | 54 |
| Number of spikes | 130 |
| Protrusion of spikes before/after testing, mm | 1,63/1,62 |
| Producing country | Russia |
The tires were produced at the Yaroslavl Tire Plant and the tread pattern suspiciously resembles the Finnish Nokian Hakkapeliitta 7 tires, which even became a reason for a lawsuit. But Cordiant managed to justify itself - and increase production volumes, including by expanding the range of dimensions. Decent tires for the money, but they don’t like asphalt roads: they don’t hold very well, and rolling is accompanied by a loud and unpleasant rumble of the tread. Tires are not for the city.
| Dimension | 215/65 R16 |
|---|---|
| (42 sizes available from 205/70 R15 to 275/50 R22) | |
| Speed index | T (190 km/h) |
| Load index | 102 (850 kg) |
| Weight, kg | 12,2 |
| Tread depth, mm | 9,2 |
| Shore hardness of tread rubber, units | 57 |
| Number of spikes | 130 |
| Protrusion of spikes before/after testing, mm | 1,08/1,16 |
| Producing country | Finland |
Nordman tires are the "second line" of Nokian Tires, and for production, molds of obsolete Nokian tire models are used. The novelty of the Nordman 7 SUV season is the reincarnation of the Hakkapeliitta 7 SUV, produced from 2010 to 2017. Good grip on ice and snow, and on asphalt even better than the current "mother" model. Including acoustic comfort: there are fewer spikes.
| Dimension | 215/65 R16 |
|---|---|
| (38 sizes available from 175/65 R15 to 245/45 R19) | |
| Speed index | T (190 km/h) |
| Load index | 98 (750 kg) |
| Weight, kg | 10,2 |
| Tread depth, mm | 10,5 |
| Shore hardness of tread rubber, units | 56 |
| Number of spikes | 130 |
| Protrusion of spikes before/after testing, mm | 1,26/1,39 |
| Producing country | Germany |
The model was introduced in 2012 and has not yet received a replacement. On ice, the tires work well in the longitudinal direction, but in corners they sharply break into slips. On the snow, including virgin lands, everything is much better. But on the pavement, the aggressive pattern generates an obsessive low-frequency rumble from 30 km / h.
| Dimension | 215/65 R16 |
|---|---|
| (58 sizes available from 175/65 R14 to 265/40 R20) | |
| Speed index | T (190 km/h) |
| Load index | 102 (850 kg) |
| Weight, kg | 11,3 |
| Tread depth, mm | 9,3 |
| Shore hardness of tread rubber, units | 56 |
| Number of spikes | 104 |
| Protrusion of spikes before/after testing, mm | 1,05/1,09 |
| Producing country | Russia |
Michelin with the X-Ice North 3 tire continues to bend the line to comply with European studding regulations: no more than 50 studs per linear meter of tread. And the spikes themselves are simple, round in section. This led to an unimportant hold on the ice. On packed snow, the picture is better, but getting out of a snowdrift is a problem: the tread is to blame.
| Dimension | 215/65 R16 |
|---|---|
| (23 sizes available from 175/70 R13 to 245/45 R17) | |
| Speed index | Q (160 km/h) |
| Load index | 102 (850 kg) |
| Weight, kg | 11 |
| Tread depth, mm | 9,2 |
| Shore hardness of tread rubber, units | 51 |
| Number of spikes | 100 |
| Protrusion of spikes before/after testing, mm | 0,87/1,06 |
| Producing country | Russia |
BFGoodrich tires are Michelin's "second line", they are produced at the same plant in Davydovo near Moscow as Michelin X-Ice North 3 tires. But the tread is its own, original. It is a pity that there are also few spikes, they are round, excessively recessed, and as a result, mediocre behavior on ice.
On snow, including on virgin soil, the situation is better. And even better - on asphalt, although you need to remember that the permissible speed is 160 km / h, although studded competitors have 190.
| Dimension | 215/65 R16 |
|---|---|
| (35 sizes available from 175/70 R13 to 265/60 R18) | |
| Speed index | T (190 km/h) |
| Load index | 98 (750 kg) |
| Weight, kg | 10,9 |
| Tread depth, mm | 9,6 |
| Shore hardness of tread rubber, units | 56 |
| Number of spikes | 130 |
| Protrusion of spikes before/after testing, mm | 0,85/0,94 |
| Producing country | Russia |
Formula is the "second line" of Pirelli. In last year's tests at Lada Vesta, tires took fifth place, but now the figures are more modest. Especially on ice. Even after break-in, the protrusion of the studs above the tread surface is less than a millimeter (last year we recorded 1.1 mm on new tires). On packed snow, the results are better, although we do not recommend climbing into snowdrifts. They hold up well on asphalt.
A good budget tire option for urban use.
| Dimension | 215/65 R16 |
|---|---|
| (122 sizes available from 175/70 R13 to 285/45 R22) | |
| Speed index | T (190 km/h) |
| Load index | 98 (750 kg) |
| Weight, kg | 12,2 |
| Tread depth, mm | 9,5 |
| Shore hardness of tread rubber, units | 55 |
| Number of spikes | 125 |
| Protrusion of spikes before/after testing, mm | 1,18/1,37 |
| Producing country | Japan |
For many, the Made in Japan brand is a sign of quality. But something went wrong with Toyo winter tires. It seems that the spikes are not simple - with cruciform inserts, and the studding is of high quality, but on ice the grip properties are moderate, as well as on snow. However, the response of the car to control is well balanced.
On asphalt - far from the best comfort and grip.
Joy - a low price, which is consistent with the quality of tires.
| Dimension | 215/65 R16 |
|---|---|
| (19 sizes available from 205/70 R15 to 265/60 R18) | |
| Speed index | T (190 km/h) |
| Load index | 98 (750 kg) |
| Weight, kg | 11,5 |
| Tread depth, mm | 9,3 |
| Shore hardness of tread rubber, units | 59 |
| Number of spikes | 120 |
| Protrusion of spikes before/after testing, mm | 0,93/1,03 |
| Producing country | Russia |
Under the "Italian" name - tires produced in Nizhnekamsk using off-take technology. The design and manufacturing process is the product of an engineering firm run by a former Continental executive. However, grip on ice and snow is mediocre, and most of all upset that winter tires, “designed by European specialists specifically for Russian roads”, were helpless in deep snow. Also, they are noisy and harsh. Not an option - even considering the low price.
| Dimension | 215/65 R16 |
|---|---|
| (96 sizes available from 175/70 R13 to 275/50 R22) | |
| Speed index | T (190 km/h) |
| Load index | 102 (850 kg) |
| Weight, kg | 12,1 |
| Tread depth, mm | 9 |
| Shore hardness of tread rubber, units | 53 |
| Number of spikes | 128 |
| Protrusion of spikes before/after testing, mm | 0,57/0,73 |
| Producing country | Russia |
One could immediately assume that the ice tests of the Yokohama Ice Guard 55 tire would fail. Instead of the prescribed 1.2 mm, the spikes protrude an average of 0.57 mm - and do not work. And the buyer is counting on Japanese quality - even though the tires are made in Lipetsk.
There are also complaints about the tread: on rolled snow - the maximum braking distance, and on virgin soil - the worst traction abilities. For Russian conditions, other tires are needed, and they already exist: sales of the new Yokohama IG65 model with an increased number of “curly” spikes begin this season. More details about new tires - in one of the next issues of Autoreview.
| Dimension | 215/65 R16 |
|---|---|
| (38 sizes available from 175/70 R13 to 235/60 R18) | |
| Speed index | T (190 km/h) |
| Load index | 102 (850 kg) |
| Weight, kg | 11,7 |
| Tread depth, mm | 9,4 |
| Shore hardness of tread rubber, units | 61 |
| Number of spikes | 128 |
| Protrusion of spikes before/after testing, mm | 0,79/1,0 |
| Producing country | South Korea |
Interestingly, duplicated in the name win - is it from the word "win" or from the word "winter"? Better fit, for example, wintry ("cold", "unfriendly") or winch ("winch"). What kind of winter or victory can we talk about if studded tires are inferior on ice to most friction tires, and on the handling track Nexen is the slowest in the overall standings? Tread rubber is clearly not designed to work at low temperatures, as evidenced by its increased hardness.
Of the positive emotions, only relatively quiet (for tires with spikes) rolling remains.
Rating of non-studded tires
| Dimension | 215/65 R16 |
|---|---|
| (61 sizes available from 205/70 R15 to 295/40 R21) | |
| Speed index | R (170 km/h) |
| Load index | 102 (850 kg) |
| Weight, kg | 11,4 |
| Tread depth, mm | 8,9 |
| Shore hardness of tread rubber, units | 53 |
| Producing country | Russia |
Off-road tires, with the SUV index, have sidewalls reinforced with aramid fiber, which is reminiscent of the Aramid Sidewalls brand. So with impact resistance, unlike the "passenger" tires of the same name, there should be no problems.
In severe frost, Nokian friction tires provide excellent grip on ice, behave well on snow, and small complaints appear only on asphalt.
Excellent winter tires for use in the city and beyond.
| Dimension | 215/65 R16 |
|---|---|
| (97 sizes available from 175/70 R13 to 275/45 R20) | |
| Speed index | T (190 km/h) |
| Load index | 102 (850 kg) |
| Weight, kg | 11,9 |
| Tread depth, mm | 8 |
| Shore hardness of tread rubber, units | 52 |
| Producing country | Germany |
Leapfrog. The year before last, we liked the ContiVikingContact 6 tires on asphalt, but they didn’t work well on ice, last year the situation reversed, this year it’s better on asphalt again ... Of course, the dimensions are different, but the reason must be sought in the composition of the rubber compound : Last year the tread rubber on the ContiVikingContact 6 tires was noticeably softer.
Now we are taking into account the latest version of these tires manufactured at the end of 2016. Not ideal on ice and snow (especially deep), but they work perfectly on asphalt.
Good winter tires for urban use. And the most comfortable!
| Dimension | 215/65 R16 |
|---|---|
| (57 sizes available from 175/70 R13 to 255/45 R19) | |
| Speed index | S (180 km/h) |
| Load index | 98 (750 kg) |
| Weight, kg | 10,7 |
| Tread depth, mm | 8,6 |
| Shore hardness of tread rubber, units | 46 |
| Producing country | Japan |
Since studs are banned in Japan, local manufacturers are focusing on friction winter tires. So we will assume that it is natural that
Lightweight tires with soft, quiet rolling. But at the same time, there is an imbalance of “winter” grip properties in the longitudinal and transverse directions, and sharp breakdowns in sliding seem to be provoked by sidewalls that are soft for a heavy crossover. After all, in the range winter tires Goodyear has a model specifically for crossovers and SUVs - UltraGrip Ice SUV, but these tires are not available in size 215/65 R16. However, if the car is equipped with a stabilization system, then Goodyear UltraGrip Ice 2 tires are a good choice.
| Dimension | 215/65 R16 |
|---|---|
| (16 sizes available from 215/65 R16 to 255/60 R18) | |
| Speed index | R (170 km/h) |
| Load index | 102 (850 kg) |
| Weight, kg | 11,2 |
| Tread depth, mm | 8,9 |
| Shore hardness of tread rubber, units | 56 |
| Producing country | Russia |
The tread pattern is exactly like the Nokian Hakkapeliitta R tires, but the materials are simpler. Another option to extend the life cycle of molds. And - given the price - a very good option. Moreover, in certain disciplines, Nordman RS2 SUV tires are even more preferable: the braking distance on ice is shorter!
Quality tires for a reasonable price. On ice, they are almost as good as the leaders among tires without studs, and on snow they have even better grip in the longitudinal direction. Although the handling is harsh on the track and rowing is mediocre in deep snow.
Grip properties on asphalt are above average, there are no problems with comfort either, which means that these tires are relevant for large cities.
| Dimension | 215/65 R16 |
|---|---|
| (38 sizes available from 155/65 R14 to 255/50 R19) | |
| Speed index | T (190 km/h) |
| Load index | 102 (850 kg) |
| Weight, kg | 10,6 |
| Tread depth, mm | 9 |
| Shore hardness of tread rubber, units | 51 |
| Producing country | Slovakia |
The Gislaved brand continues to lose authenticity. So the “new” Gislaved Soft*Frost 200 is nothing more than ContiVikingContact tires of the year before last, the third generation. Fortunately, these are balanced tires - safe, comfortable, not very expensive - and therefore we safely recommend them for urban use, although an accidental drive into a snowdrift may delay the planned trip.
The Marshal brand belongs to the Korean company Kumho Tire, however, according to the tread pattern and even the rare R speed index, these tires copy the Finnish Nokian Hakkapeliitta R tires - and some sellers play on this similarity. By the way, on snow and asphalt friction tires Marshal and Nokian are close, but on ice the loss of the copy is already obvious. It is also one of the noisiest and toughest friction tires available.
| Dimension | 215/65 R16 |
|---|---|
| (37 sizes available from 175/65 R14 to 245/60 R18) | |
| Speed index | Q (160 km/h) |
| Load index | 98 (750 kg) |
| Weight, kg | 12,4 |
| Tread depth, mm | 8,9 |
| Shore hardness of tread rubber, units | 49 |
| Producing country | Japan |
Winter tires Nitto (brand owned by Toyo Tires) appeared in Russia recently. The Therma Spike model managed to please us with traction on ice, but it lost the most spikes on asphalt. And the Nitto Winter SN2 friction tires immediately showed their helplessness on ice and in snowdrifts. And the more surprising is the failure of these tires even on asphalt.
Something is wrong with these Nittos...
The well-known magazine "Behind the Rulem" with the onset of September did not "pull rubber" and published the results of its testing of the 12 best studded tires. Tires were taken in the most popular size 195/65 R15, which is installed on a large number of car models. Studded tires of the most famous manufacturers participated in the testing, which were divided into two categories: “East” and “West”. The "Eastern" group included tires of Japanese, Korean and Taiwanese brands, and the "Western" - European. Nevertheless, such a division is rather conditional, since the products of some "eastern" brands are made at factories in Europe (Firestone). Moreover, all tires are produced for the European market, which adds to this aspect of meaninglessness. However, it was precisely this distinction that was suggested to us by the experts of the magazine Za Rulem.
It should be noted that four novelties of 2018 debuted in the roster of tested winter studded wheels - Toyo Observe Ice-Freezer, Hankook Winter i * Pike RS2 W429, GT Radial IcePro 3 and Firestone Ice Cruiser 7. The first three are real novelties that have taken their manufacturers in the assortment old versions, and Firestone tires are a copy of the old Bridgestone Ice Cruiser 7000 .
Tested winter tires in size 195 65 15
- (Bridgestone Blizzack Spike 02)
- (Continental Ice Contact 2)
- (Firestone Ice Cruiser 7)
- (Gislaved Nord Frost 200)
- Goodyear UltraGrip Ice Arctic (Goodyear Ultra Grip Arctic)
- (GT Radial Ice Pro 3)
- Hankook Winter i*Pike RS2 W429
- Nitto Therma Spike (Nitto Therma Spike)
- (Nokian Hakapelita 9)
- (Nordman 7)
- (Pirelli Ice Zero)
- Toyo Observe Ice-Freezer
Test runs covered a wide range of disciplines, which were held in January and April 2018 at the Continental training grounds in Sweden and AVTOVAZ in Togliatti. Surprising is the absence of Michelin X-Ice North 4 tires in the list of tested models. This rubber will definitely be a bestseller for winter season 2018-2019. However, the manufacturer did not agree to test its own tire, arguing that the result could be rigged.
Rating of studded winter tires 2018 according to Za Rulem magazine
The tests were conducted in four disciplines (the final possible maximum score 1000 points). Each of the disciplines consisted of several categories, which formed the final grade.
Disciplines:
- ice and snow 670 points);
- wet and dry asphalt 210 points);
- comfort ( 50 points);
- economy ( 70 points).
| Tested model in size 195/65 R15 | Ice and snow | Wet and dry asphalt | Comfort | economy | Outcome |
| 617 | 193 | 34 | 70 | 915 | |
| 618,6 | 193,9 | 30 | 66,8 | 905 | |
| Hankook Winter i*Pike RS2 W429 | 623,1 | 189,2 | 35 | 68,7 | 905 |
| 595,7 | 177,9 | 30 | 67,4 | 888 | |
| Goodyear UltraGrip Ice Arctic | 584,4 | 194 | 32,5 | 66,8 | 877 |
| 587,7 | 193,2 | 32,5 | 68,7 | 874 | |
| 567,4 | 204 | 32,5 | 65,6 | 870 | |
| 574,8 | 178,1 | 28,5 | 65,6 | 847 | |
| Toyo Observe Ice Freezer | 558,7 | 182,9 | 32,5 | 66,2 | 840 |
| Nitto Therma Spike | 545,5 | 174,4 | 32,0 | 68,7 | 821 |
| 517,5 | 191,6 | 35,0 | 66,8 | 811 | |
| 514,9 | 181,4 | 26,0 | 65,6 | 788 |
1st place - Nokian Hakkapeliitta 9
Not for the first time he becomes the winner of various races. Of course, Nokian has tarnished its reputation with fraudulent testing, but you should not doubt the quality of the products of the Finnish factory. The tires showed their best side, demonstrating the highest level of fuel efficiency, excellent handling on snowy or icy roads, snow drifts and precise maneuvering. Among the shortcomings, the experts identified not best performance acoustic comfort and high cost.
2nd place - Continental IceContact 2
The tires of the German concern are traditionally in the top of winter testing, but when it comes to studding, everything becomes not so rosy. The test of the magazine "Behind the wheel" showed the opposite. The rubber exhibits the best lateral and longitudinal grip on the ice crust, giving the required level of acceleration and short braking distances. Of the negative points, it is necessary to note small flaws in the handling characteristics on asphalt and a high level of noise.
3rd place - Hankook Winter i*Pike RS2 W429
The novelty of 2018 from the Korean Hankuk factory did not surprise with its impressive running characteristics. The previous W419 was a real bestseller with excellent traction capabilities (a special feature - the depth of the projector reached 10 mm), and its successor did not get worse. The rubber showed impressive lateral and longitudinal grip on ice, confident braking and acceleration, maneuverability and mileage in a snowy environment. On asphalt, unfortunately, the tires are the worst in the top 5. In addition, extreme winter riding Definitely not for this tire.
4th place - Pirelli Ice Zero
Quite an "old" model from an Italian manufacturer. On an icy surface, it is not inferior to the top three, while its studding system is not very modern. Rubber showed confident results in the category exchange rate stability during normal driving. It should also be noted the decent behavior of a car shod in Ice Zero on wet and dry pavement, which is a great rarity for any spike. Rubber is slightly inferior to the leaders in handling during extreme movement and has average level comfort.
|
|
|
|
|
5th place - Goodyear UltraGrip Ice Arctic
The tires of the American company were the best in deep snow. It is not surprising, one look at the tread pattern is enough to understand this. In addition to this advantage, Goodyear rubber stood out for its short braking distance on wet and dry paved surfaces. With all their advantages, the wheels have a clear drawback - low comfort. The aggressive tread pattern produces a rather unpleasant rumble. Also, the experts "Behind the wheel" had some complaints about stability and handling on ice.
6th place - Nokian Nordman 7
The second rubber from Nokian Tiers, which refers to budget segment market, showed a not so high degree of grip with the road surface, despite the well-developed tread pattern borrowed from the legendary Hakkapeliitta 7. The tires showed an average level of grip on dry pavement and confident acceleration. Of the shortcomings, the model "distinguished itself" in the smoothness of the ride and the noise of the ride. Rubber is a real strong middle peasant.
7th place - Gislaved Nord*Frost 200
The Continental sub-brand was honored in the middle of the 2018 studded tire rankings. Rezina Gislaved scored with positive side in braking properties and directional stability on asphalt, and also showed a safe level of maneuvering. Longitudinal grip on icy surfaces, the Gislaved studding wants to be better, as well as extreme maneuvering. You can also note the high fuel consumption of the wheel. This indicates an incorrect distribution of the tread elements of the tire, which gives higher rolling resistance.
8th place — Bridgestone Blizzak Spike-02
The products of the Japanese tire giant are clearly disappointing. It would seem that years of presence in the European tire market should have led the company to finally good studded tires, but no, this did not happen. So far, Velcro from the manufacturer is better than spikes. Tires did not show anything supernatural. Given the cost and the availability of cheaper tires higher up the list, buying a Blizzak Spike 02 is a dubious idea. Tires are not bad, but the price crosses out all the advantages.
|
|
|
|
|
9th place - Toyo Observe Ice-Freezer
Despite a rather thorough study of the stud system and a really high-quality rubber compound with inclusions from ground walnut shells (!), this year's novelty could not compete with leading brands. Toyo is traditionally considered to be a brand in the middle between premium and mid-budget, but in this test it barely made it into the top 10. Tires have good directional stability and stable control on a winter road. Braking performance leaves a lot to be desired.
10th place - Nitto Therma Spike
Japanese tire manufacturers from the Toyo sub-brand are located immediately behind their parent company. Of the positive aspects, satisfactory handling, average mileage in snowy areas and acceptable ride should be noted. There are more negatives, of course. Poor braking performance on dry and wet surfaces, difficult handling, noise - all this makes Nitto not the most the best choice. However, it should be noted that the tested tires are relatively cheap (the second in the roster) and quite old technologically.
11th place - GT Radial IcePro 3
The penultimate in the ranking are Taiwanese tires from Giti. The most inexpensive on the list, they could be a real sensation in the market. However, Ice Pro 3 did not show the expected results. They failed on all fronts, distinguishing themselves only by the lowest cost and driving comfort. This does not automatically make them bad, but it hints that their use without studs is more appropriate.
12th place - Firestone Ice Cruiser 7
The main disappointment is that no one expected outstanding results from the Bridgestone sub-brand, but it was expected to get at least in the middle of the list. But the "new" Ice Cruiser showed no improvement, losing almost everything. The tires have a good level of braking properties on dry pavement, but are clearly inferior to competitors in terms of grip on ice and snow, economy, handling, maneuverability and have received the dubious honor of being the noisiest. If in other models the noise is justified by good grip, then in this case it is simply unacceptable. Especially for the lowest price.
Output
Testing is not an objective truth in the final instance. There are several points that raise questions, for example, why does Za Rulem magazine use tires provided personally by the manufacturer? In similar experiments by German magazines, for example, testers do it much easier - they go to the nearest store and buy tires for testing. On the other hand, the rating system in this test is one of the best, the gradation of the priority of certain categories is close to each driver. Therefore, when buying new winter wheels, you need to listen to this test, but you should not take into account only this material.
Qualitatively selected car tires are a guarantee of safety, comfort when driving a car, especially in winter, when the road is covered with snow.
On the territory of the CIS, including the Russian Federation, the average temperature overboard reaches -20°. That is why drivers need to choose tires carefully and professionally. Among other brands, experts from many service stations recommend purchasing Nokian Nordman tires, in particular for minivans and SUVs.
About the tire manufacturer Nokian Nordman RS2
ATTENTION! Found a completely simple way to reduce fuel consumption! Don't believe? An auto mechanic with 15 years of experience also did not believe until he tried it. And now he saves 35,000 rubles a year on gasoline!
Nokian has been manufactured in Finland since 1980. Tires are very popular among car owners of cars and trucks.
A multi-stage quality control system, European standardization standards, a wide range of products - this is not a complete list of the advantages of the Finnish concern.
Since 1999, engineers have developed and put into mass production tires for off-road vehicles, mining dump trucks and other special equipment.
Despite a number of advantages of Nokian rubber, there is one significant drawback - the high price, which is sometimes beyond the power of the average car owner.
The main sales market for products: the European Union, Asian countries, the CIS, including the Russian Federation.
Features of the Nokian Nordman RS2 tire
In the process of manufacturing tires, one of the most advanced technologies is used, developments to increase specifications tires. The range includes models of summer, winter classes, as well as universal - all-weather.
Engineers pay special attention to:
- driving qualities;
- sustainability;
- comfort while moving.
Summer class rubber has strong lateral support, uniquely shaped sipes. The tread pattern is symmetrical, the drainage grooves are deep for quick and most complete removal of water from under the contact patch.
During the operation of a car with tires from Nokian Nordman, drivers have repeatedly noticed a decrease in fuel consumption by 3-4%, and in some cases up to 5.0%.
The winter class of tires is well adapted to negative temperatures. The tread keeps the given trajectory of the car even on the track with ice.
Thanks to the deep drainage system, water is quickly removed from the center of the tread, thereby ensuring good traction.
Models and dimensions Nokian Nordman
- during the manufacture of the rubber compound, high-quality chemical components, oils are used;
- The tire is marked with a Residual Tread Depth Indicator (DSI). The central part of the tire has a green marker. As soon as the tread wear reaches 70 - 75%, the green color changes to orange. Subsequent operation of the vehicle is unsafe;
- on the winter tires the tread pattern is designed to enhance the braking process on slippery surfaces, ice, in snow;
- side and central lamellas are designed in such a way as to pump out water as completely as possible from under the contact patch of rubber with the roadway;
- Nokian Nordman tires, in comparison with analogues, have a minimum aquaplaning coefficient, which increases the controllability of the vehicle, including on slippery roads;
- there are wedge-shaped hills between the central and side sipes, which enhances grip, control, and shortens the braking distance.
Nokian Nordman RS2 tire tests
| seasonality | Car class | Size | Spikes / Studding | Max speed index | Price in rubles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Summer | Passenger | 155/65R14 - 195/60R16 | Not | 190 km / h | From 2900 - 3200 |
| Cargo | 155/65R14 - 195/60R16 | Not | 190 km / h | From 2900 - 3200 | |
| Winter | Passenger / truck | 155/65R14 - 195/60R16 | Yes Yes | 190 km / h | From 2900 - 3200 |
| *check price with official dealer at the time of purchase |
Pros and cons, is it worth buying Nokian Nordman
Benefits of Nokian Nordman tires:
- good balance "price - quality";
- the duration of operation in comparison with analogues is 12 - 14% longer;
- good lateral support of the lamellas;
- multilayer rubber;
- symmetry and asymmetry of the tread;
- unique tread pattern;
- deep drainage channels to improve water drainage from under the wheel;
- below average aquaplaning.
Disadvantages of Nokian Nordman rubber:
- overpriced, which varies depending on the region of purchase;
- all-weather and summer types have insufficient permeability on the periphery;
- the noise level is above average on winter tires when driving on rough terrain.
Recommendations from Nokian Nordman rubber care specialists
- at intervals of 1 - 2 months, check the actual pressure in the tires;
- unscheduled measure the pressure in the tires at the onset of summer, winter;
- be sure to make temperature adjustments when inflating tires. In winter, the pressure is higher by 0.2 atm., and in summer it is lower by 0.1 atm.;
- do not allow the tires to have excessive and insufficient pressure, as in both cases the central tread and side lamellas are deformed and unevenly worn;
- pressure deviation from the norm contributes to an increase in fuel consumption, a decrease in stability, controllability;
- masters of auto repair shops do not recommend storing tires in the “on top of each other” position for a long time, as this leads to deformation of the side lamellae, tread;
- after changing the rubber, be sure to pack the latter in polyethylene, store in a dry place, away from ultraviolet rays, in a hanging position;
- at the onset of an average temperature of + 10 ° in summer and + 7 - 8 ° in winter - switch to the appropriate type of rubber;
- further operation of the vehicle is not recommended if the actual wear of the tread is more than 70%;
- at intervals of three months, check the camber-toe angle on special equipment in the service station. An inclination mismatch leads to uneven wear tread, increased fuel consumption;
- managers of car dealerships, service station specialists recommend to a lesser extent to put on a vehicle in the so-called universal, all-weather tires. Unlike winter, summer all-weather ones are not adapted to the temperature range, as a result of which the rubber tread wears out faster;
- when buying tires, ask the seller to provide a quality certificate.