20.05.2012
It has been many years since the first CVT transmissions appeared on production NISSAN vehicles. You can read about it . Progress does not stand still, and NISSAN releases new models with new transmission CVT RE0F10A with a line of two-liter engines of the MR series and QR series. First of all, this is the NISSAN XTRAIL in the back of the T31, as well as the NISSAN QASHQAI J10 since January 2007.
What makes these CVTs different from their CVT predecessor RE0F06A ? First of all, a huge technological progress in the quality of the manufacture of the mechanical part.
In this article the fundamental importance of high surface cleanliness of the working edges of the cones was considered - here it became even higher, and the pulleys themselves were even lighter. The drive pulley became single-piston. The pressure in the primary pulley circuit had to be increased to 60 kg/cm2 compared to the double piston RE0F06A pulley. Significantly improved surface finish to reduce oil adhesion and foaming. The range of gear ratios has been expanded and a new NS-2 oil has been developed from the MURANO/TEANA/MAXIMA models. The system has been radically redesigned hydraulic control: to reduce losses in it, the pressure in the primary and secondary pulley is independently regulated. By transferring the oil pump to the sump, a chain drive appeared.
All these technical innovations and the need for them are described .
Because of high pressure the oil temperature rose, an air cooler had to be installed. At the same time, NS-2 oil is designed for higher loads, but in a narrower temperature regime. The developers have supplied an oil heater (for example, on MURANO with a separate thermostat on the CVT). What does it give? After starting the engine, the oil temperature in the CVT does not match the operating temperature, and the loads are very high. If the owner, without warming up the transmission to operating temperature, immediately presses the gas to the floor, believing that the engine is warm, then the steel belt rubs the cones and scratches them, leading to similar consequences as in RE0F06A. The main problem of CVT damage remains - this is the low operating culture of Russian drivers who do not want to read the owner's manual. The developers added an oil heater from the engine cooling system. Even if the car is stopped and the engine is running, its antifreeze, when heated, heats up the oil in the CVT. Almost when the engine is fully warmed up, the oil in the CVT should warm up to a safe starting temperature - about 20 degrees Celsius. But, apparently, XTRAIL owners do not always give such an opportunity to their car - the result is below: chips from the belt and pulleys in the pan.
Photo 1.
It should be noted that in this box there is an additional filter in the system for protecting the lubrication of the chain and pulley bearings. It is installed behind the heat exchanger.
Photo 2.
But it doesn't help in this situation. Although it can be changed, but if problems start, this is a waste of money. I think that even as a preventive measure, it makes no sense to change this filter to a working CVT. It is designed for the entire life of the transmission. Like the oil pump filter in the sump.
Photo 3.
No filtration system saves the high pressure pump itself.
Photo 4.
All this must be replaced together with the hydraulic control unit.
Photo 5
In other words, a set of pulleys and a belt must be replaced (it is useless to sharpen - very thin walls and a hardening layer), a high-pressure pump and a hydraulic control unit.
Now let's briefly consider the diagnosis of this transmission .
The RE0F10A control unit is located under the hood and has one connector. Communication with it is only via the CAN bus, so you can forget about all sorts of self-made adapters, circuits and programs for them that the Internet is littered with. The dream of a garage worker - to pick his car himself - goes away like a haze at sunrise. Often, many owners come with the result of diagnosing a unit unknown to them - 99% of it is a motor unit, i.e. the block with which it was possible to contact in the old fashioned way than was at hand. What kind of errors are read at the same time - it does not matter - since this is all wrong. Few people know that you need to look at the parameters of the TCM block. As a result of all this, cars arrive from the dealership with printouts from the engine block with one or two errors, when there are already 10 of them in the TCM, and moreover, those in which partial renovation not possible - only overhaul the entire CVT with the above replacement list. There is an interesting code P0868 ( horrible dream all owners of MURANO), which, for example, is not such here, if one. His presence in the composition of several others is already a disaster.
P0730 BELT DAMAGE– a new code has been added that does not report that the belt has broken (as on RE0F06A), but appears as a result of an off-design gear ratio(change geometric dimensions pulleys and belt). If PERFORMANCE or FUNCTION appeared in the code description, this is not at all connected with wires and contacts, like ELECTRICAL or CIRCUIT. There are two pressure sensors, and the control processor contains tabular pressure values for different operating modes. All solenoids operate in linear mode - there is a rigid tabular characteristic between duty cycle, oil temperature and pressure. There is also a ROM, like on MURANO, (for storing valve body calibrations). In addition, it is required to rewrite the calibration table when replacing the box or TCM. Without this, even the initial movement is not recommended. You cannot edit the table - only compare it with the standard.
She looks like this:
Data after deletion Item name
|
item name |
display value |
item name |
display value |
|
UNIT CLB ID 1 |
|
GAIN PL |
|
|
UNIT CLB ID 2 |
0000 |
< OFFSET PL |
|
|
UNIT CLB ID 3 |
0000 |
OFFSET2 PL |
|
|
UNIT CLB ID 4 |
0000 |
MAP NO SEC |
|
|
UNIT CLB ID 5 |
0000 |
GAIN SEC |
|
|
UNIT CLB ID 6 |
0000 |
OFFSET SEC |
|
|
MAP NO LU |
OFFSET2 SEC |
|
|
|
GAIN LU |
MAP NO SL |
||
|
OFFSETLU |
|
|
|
|
OFFSET2LU |
OFFSET SL |
||
|
MAP NO PL |
OFFSET2 SL |
Very important in this CVT- change the oil as often as possible (at least do not forget about service intervals). After changing the oil, the scanner must reset the oil aging counter, otherwise the pressure will be abnormal, and the CVT will be damaged. The oil is checked as on all similar transmissions of this company - with a dipstick, only it is already with a latch. In measuring mode, the probe lock must be rotated 180 degrees (opposite to the latch).
Most drivers have already met with automation, but such a thing as a variator appeared on cars relatively recently. Some people put equality between the variator and automatic transmission. These technologies do have common features, but the main difference between the variator is the stepless change in torque.
The driver does not need to change gears as in mechanical transmission, also the variator eliminates jerks when switching, which many might notice in the operation of automation. The principle of this system is actually the use of two special tapered pulleys that constantly change diameter. Thanks to this, as well as the movement of a special belt, it is possible to achieve a wide gear ratio.
Basic operating modes
Before telling you how to drive a Nissan Qashqai, X Trail variator correctly, it is worth studying what modes this type of transmission involves.
The most important mode is forward movement (denoted by the English letter "D"). In this mode, when you press the pedal, the car goes forward, and the variator works in automatic mode independently choosing the gear ratio. The operation of the system is constantly monitored by electronics.
Reverse is marked "R". The CVT system does not provide for reverse movement, so special mechanisms are used that allow the car to move backward. It is necessary to turn on this mode only after the machine has completely stopped in order to exclude the possibility of a breakdown.
Neutral gear - "N". The box is disconnected from the variator shaft. This mode is recommended for long stops in a traffic jam. Also, before you start the car, it must be in the "N" mode.
The vehicle must be parked in P mode. When using it, the driven shaft of the variator is blocked, excluding spontaneous movement of the car. There is also a manual control mode that only simulates manual transmission. The variator can independently change the gear ratio.
Most of these systems provide additional modes:
- Sports - "S". The car behaves more briskly and dynamically. It is provided due to the slow change of the gear ratio.
- Economy mode - "E". The complete opposite of the previous mode.
- "L" is intended for off-road driving. The variator provides the highest possible gear ratio for transmitting traction to the drive wheels.
Key features of riding a CVT
Now you can move on to the most important thing, having considered the question of how to drive a Nissan CVT. The first rule that will help to avoid unnecessary calls to the service station is to warm up the variator at low ambient temperatures. This is due to the characteristics of the oil used. In cold weather, it is quite viscous, and it takes a certain time to distribute throughout the transmission. If you start moving prematurely, some of the transmission elements will remain unlubricated, and this can already lead to unforeseen breakdowns. It is recommended to warm up in the sequence P→R→N→D. This will allow the most efficient distribution of oil throughout the system.
At severe frost It takes approximately 30 minutes to warm up the vehicle. After you have brought the operating temperature to required level, you can start moving. There are also several features here. In the first 3-5 kilometers, it is worth adhering to a careful ride without sharp jerks. This is necessary so that the oil is finally distributed throughout the system.
How to use the CVT when overtaking and cornering? It should be borne in mind that this type of transmission responds to an increase in engine speed. Thus, to change the gear ratio, you need to increase the speed and the variator, in accordance with the selected mode, will perform the necessary actions, but with a slight delay.
Given this rule, overtaking should be done after you have already added speed. And when cornering, press the gas pedal directly at the moment the steering wheel is turned.
Towing and driving with a trailer on a CVT
How to ride a CVT with a trailer, and whether towing is possible - this is a fairly common question among motorists. It is not recommended to use the variator for transporting goods of more than one ton. This system is not designed for this. Trailers put an increased load on the transmission, which leads to accelerated wear.
Even if your car is characterized cross-country ability, you should not actively travel off-road on the variator. A small bump or stone can easily damage the variator, causing you a lot of problems. You should not "reckless" in a car with a variator. This will stretch the belt, respectively, the formation of metal chips that clog the valve body.
More than ten years have passed since CVT transmissions ( hereinafter - CVT) began to be installed on Japanese cars manufactured by Nissan. But time does not stand still and progress, too. More and more motorists prefer vehicles with CVT. If you decide to purchase the X Trail, it is better to read the reviews of the owners on the net right away - you will learn a lot of new things.
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Type of variator and resource of its work
On an SUV Nissan X-Trail one of two types can be installed: RE0F06A or RE0F10A (JF011E). The latter are installed on the Nissan X-Trail and Qashqai J10. What is the difference between these types of CVTs? First of all, it's a big technological process during the production of the mechanical part.
SUV Nissan X-Trail
An improved version of the CVT (RE0F10A) differs from its predecessor in that the CVT pulleys are lighter, and the drive pulley has become a single piston. The company's engineers increased the pressure in the drive pulley circuit to 60 kg/cm. Note the improved external processing frequency, which reduces the likelihood of adhesion transmission fluid and its foaming.
The range of gear ratios was expanded in the system, the hydraulic control system was completely redone. To reduce losses, the pressure is adjusted on the driving and driven pulleys independently of each other. Prior to this, pressure adjustment took place on both pulleys. A chain drive appeared in the structure of the unit as a result of the transfer of the oil pump to the sump.
User manual
As a result of the increased pressure, the temperature of the transmission fluid also increased. Therefore, the automaker's employees equipped the CVT system with an air cooling radiator. At the same time, the engineers added an oil heater. For what? When the driver starts the engine, the temperature, of course, does not match the operating temperature and the loads are also too high.
In such cases, the car owner believes that the transmission can be warmed up by pressing the gas pedal, but in this case the steel chain will rub against the cones and scratch them. And this will lead to a break in the circuit, but before that, metal dust from it will clog the system.
X-Trail car interior The problem is not that the employees of the manufacturing enterprise, having nothing to do, decided to add more “hemorrhoids” to the car. It's just that domestic motorists mostly ignore the operating instructions from the manufacturer. It is enough to warm up the car to a safe temperature before driving (20 degrees Celsius) to prevent the elements from rubbing against each other. Accordingly, the likelihood of metal chips in the variator will decrease.
If you start the engine in winter
In the cold season, the engine warms up to idling(at neutral speed). If the temperature is below zero outside, then the box will not warm up in neutral, as a result, it will have to be warmed up while driving. Of course, at a cold checkpoint it will not be possible to immediately go in the usual mode. There is a trick for this, which you could read about in the operating instructions for the vehicle.
Extract from the instructions: to warm up the CVT automatic transmission, start the engine, and with the brake pedal depressed, switch the speed to “D” or “R” mode. You need to hold the gas pedal and let the car run - this will warm up both the engine and the gearbox.
In the Nissan X-Trail, it is important not to run an oil change. The service life of the transmission fluid should not exceed 60 thousand km, but if you do not follow the operating rules, then it is better to change the ATF every 50 thousand km. Note that after changing the fluid using a scanner, you need to reset the oil aging counter. Otherwise, the pressure in the system will be non-standard and the resource of the variator will be reduced. To check how much transmission fluid is in the box, you need to use the dipstick.
CVT from Nissan X Trail on a pallet Common breakdowns and methods for their elimination
Here is a list of symptoms that indicate abnormal CVT operation:
- the car starts to slip on a flat road (without dirt and snow);
- On the instrument panel of the X-Trail, the power-on lamp lit up emergency mode gearboxes;
- the car slows down, while noise is heard from the box;
- speed does not switch or switches with difficulty;
- the power of the car disappears (when you press the gas pedal, the engine hums, as if in neutral);
- vibration of the box (systematic or periodic);
- when switching gears, the car starts to twitch, troit.
Noise
A common CVT failure is bearing failure. If they have already worked out their resource, the driver will hear noise or hum from the box. Such a problem occurs no earlier than with a run of 50 thousand km. How much is it? Replacing elements at a service station will cost no less than 35 thousand rubles (about 10 thousand hryvnias).
Nissan CVT X-Trail disassembled There are a number of reasons why bearing noise occurs. This may be the ingress of wear products into the variator system. In this case, you should not hope for two oil filters with a magnet that your CVTs are equipped with. Because they won't prevent metal dust from getting into the transmission fluid.
Some "craftsmen" advise reducing the frequency of ATF replacement to 30 thousand km in order to avoid destruction and increase bearing life. But, early fluid replacement (after 30 thousand kilometers instead of 50 thousand) does not affect the life of the bearings.
Loss of power
If there is a problem, then you have never changed the oil in the automatic transmission or have done it for a long time. Then an urgent fluid change is needed with a complete flushing of the system. It is important here to get rid of all wear products in the variator, otherwise the car will lose “traction” on the road from time to time. How much chips and dust in the gearbox, you can see the liquid draining from it.
Emergency mode
First, check if there is oil in the car. Perhaps there was a transmission fluid leak, and its absence in the automatic transmission will lead to a complete failure of the unit. Then you have to shell out a tidy sum for the purchase of a new CVT.
X-Trail under the hood Jerky riding
If jerks are noticed while driving at a constant speed, then this may indicate another problem. In particular, for one kilometer of the road, the car twitches 1-2 times for no reason. These jerks are felt while driving in cruise control. Usually there are problems with the hydraulic valve, which are best solved at a service station with specialized equipment. How much the repair will cost depends solely on the type of damage.
Where to buy and how much?
As for the purchase of new CVT JF011E models, of course, it is better to do it at an authorized Nissan dealer in your city. It's practical, but expensive. But how much does it cost? Not every car owner is ready to shell out 140 thousand rubles (about 35 thousand hryvnia) for the purchase of a new unit.
Naturally, you can buy a Chinese-made transmission at automotive market. It will cost about half as much, but it all depends on the region. The average market value of such units is about 70-90 thousand rubles (about 18-20 thousand hryvnia). Well, their working resource may be less. And maybe more: Chinese production is still an unpredictable thing, whoever is lucky. And keep in mind - buying a CVT from a dealer, you have a guarantee for it, which cannot be said about fakes.
X trail at one time was very popular car in its segment, because of its brutality, he won the hearts of the adult generation of motorists. When you look at the x trail, you get the feeling that you can drive this car anywhere, anytime. In fact, the car was created for the city and only in some, preferably rare cases, is it ready to conquer a small off-road. Only in x trail there is one "but" - transmission - variable speed drive, (pros and cons) whose howling is considered one of the main problems this vehicle. The price of a used variator ranges from 45,000 to 110,000 rubles.
hum x trail variator
The hum comes from the cone bearings, metal particles get inside, or a batch of defective bearings is installed at the factory, which, unfortunately, is not uncommon now. The hum of the variator can appear from almost 10 thousand kilometers, and also, according to statistics, it is also easy to disappear. This ailment is treated by replacing four bearings, official dealer takes about 40 thousand rubles for such work. According to the regulations, an oil change takes place every 60 thousand kilometers, but two filters cannot cope with small metal chips. Experts advise changing gear oil more often, but there is no consensus, since hum can also occur on pure ATF. How to change the oil in the variator on your own can be found in this. The volume of oil in the Nissan X trail T 31 variator is plus or minus 7.5 liters, it turns out that two canisters are needed to replace original transmission liquids NS-2 catalog number KLE5200004EU. At present, this problem manifests itself less and less on new Nissan vehicles. When replacing gear oil a prerequisite is the cleaning of the magnets in the crankcase and the replacement of filters.
If you do not clean the magnets from metal chips, they will stop working in the future.How to warm up the variator
In winter, owners of CVTs are faced with the problem of warming up, but who knows that it is forbidden to turn on the gas in the parking lot to warm up the oil in the CVT. During this operation, the chain wears out as quickly as possible and metal dust gets into the same bearings. The updated x-trail has automatic ATF heating. What to do on old model you ask. The instructions for warming up the variator are quite simple. Move the selector to position D or R and hold the brake pedal without moving for 15 - 30 seconds. In such a not tricky way, the oil in the variator warms up faster. After warming up, move with a minimum load and the variator will surprise you with an increased resource.
CVT x trail in the heat and under load
If you bought an x-trail on a CVT, you should know that this model has its own cooling radiator. It needs to be checked periodically and kept clean. There are few problems in the city. If you need to climb a long hill or you are just stuck, there is a possibility of overheating of the variator, as well as the rear-wheel drive clutch.
The reliability of the Nissan X-Trail CVT has been the subject of fierce discussion in many forums. Most Nissan X-Trail drivers were able to appreciate the merits and reliability of the novelty. The Nissan X-Trail is equipped with the most modern CVT RE0F06A or RE0F10A (JF011E).
As indicated in the vehicle passport, the service life of the Nissan X-Trail variator before the first major scheduled preventive maintenance is about 100 thousand km. It is recommended to change every six months. In fact, the resource of the Nissan X-Trail CVT is unlimited with proper use and timely maintenance.
Abrasion of the pulleys with proper operation is minimal, the transmission chain should be replaced as needed, on average once a year. Diagnostics of the car and automatic transmission is carried out once every six months. Choose service stations that work with the Nissan X-Trail automatic transmission.
The CVT on the Nissan X-Trail is not the first series of transmissions with a smooth transmission. Early versions of the variator were run in, studied in different situations and improved. The Nissan X-Trail box is the result of major improvements and design upgrades that make user errors less critical.
Briefly about the history of creation
The automatic transmission Nissan X-Trail, in which there is a variator instead of the classic transmission, appeared on the market about 10 years ago. This time was enough to figure out if the variator is reliable as the basis of a modern transmission.
Over 10 years of mass use, design developments and improvements have accumulated, which made it possible to release new model. Improvements have touched precisely the mechanical part of the automatic transmission. According to the test results, it can be noted that CVTs have become more reliable in the new generation.
The idea of a smooth transmission is not as new as it seems at first glance. The device was actively used in the Middle Ages in the construction of mills, later in the creation of various agricultural machinery. The variator resource or service life, in the case of mills, is calculated in decades. It would be strange not to use such a wonderful idea, the authorship of which is attributed to Leonardo da Vinci. The Nissan X-Trail automatic transmission is the embodiment of the ideas of the ingenious mechanic of the Middle Ages in a modern version.
The X-Trail variator is produced Japanese company Jatco. Automatic transmission Nissan X-Trail installed on Peugeot, Citroen, Mitsubishi, Honda.
The main task of a smooth transmission using cones is to maximize the use of motor power and control loads. Saving motor power when using the variator is obvious. The transmission runs softer, driving becomes easier. Also, the device allows you to take care of the motor, reducing depreciation.
What are the myths about unreliability?
Reliability problems are primarily associated with improper operation and design flaws that allow the driver to perform actions that greatly damage the car engine and destroy the automatic gearbox.
As practice shows, experienced drivers complain about reliability, or those who consider themselves as such, who have not read technical description and believing themselves unsurpassed riders. There is a rumor among street racers about the unreliability of the CVT transmission. It's easy to figure out why. The foppishness and the roar of the engine at traffic lights is expensive for Nissan owners X-Trail. When shifting hard, the steel belt slips and runs directly over the surface of the pulleys like sandpaper, scratching the surface and damaging the cones. Then follows a quick movement, the iron filings do not have time to fall into the coarse filter, get into the mechanism and completely disable the automatic transmission. Diagnostics shows the destruction of the automatic transmission, even if the resource has not been exhausted. Beginners carefully read the rules of circulation and successfully master the new automatic transmission. Real resource CVT Nissan X-Trail is almost limitless.
Mistakes of experienced drivers
An experienced driver, sitting behind the wheel, automatically warms up the engine and oil by pressing the gas pedal. Warming up is carried out until a light signal appears on the control panel.
Metal variator belt In the case of a CVT, depressing the gas pedal causes the steel transmission belt to rub hard against the cones. This leads to damage and abrasion of the belt. A torn or damaged belt is the most common reason for calls to service centers. In addition, metal chips and belt fragments clog the system, rendering it unusable. To save the system, at a minimum, you need to urgently change the oil and filter. The problem is eliminated by installing an additional oil heating machine in the box. The Ready-to-Work indicator lights up almost immediately.
How many times to measure the oil level per 100,000 km? Diagnostics of the Nissan X-Trail CVT still requires special equipment. In some models, even measuring the oil level can only be done at specialized service stations. According to the instructions, it is recommended to check the Nissan X-Trail automatic transmission every 30 thousand km. Therefore, for 100,000 km, you will need to visit the maintenance station 3-4 times a year, as needed.
- With the engine idling, you should be more careful, shift gears smoothly. When the gears are working, the transmission chain is immediately transferred to the desired gear. When using pulleys, the sudden change in speed causes the steel belt to run over the surface of the pulleys and cause damage. The automatic transmission resource is prematurely developed and the service life of the Nissan X-Trail automatic transmission is reduced.
Improvements and enhancements
Consider what changes the Nissan X-Trail CVT includes.
- The Nissan X-Trail CVT device has become easier to maintain.
- Access to the variator has become easier, the coarse filter can be easily removed and washed well.
- The X-Trail variator is equipped with magnetic traps (they are located on the pallet).
- It is not necessary to warm up the oil at start-up. A special oil heater has been added to the Nissan X-Trail design, which is activated when the engine is started. The addition of an oil heater to the new generation CVT RE0F10A engines, the Nissan X-Trail CVT, eliminated the need for warm-up. An engine with a Nissan X-Trail gearbox immediately displays readiness for work on the control panel, which saves the driver from the desire to press the gas and ruin the engine with iron chips.
- In the CVT RE0F10A Nissan X-Trail engine, the drive pulley is now single-piston. The pressure in the X-Trail drive pulley circuit was increased to 60 kg/cm 2 . The pulleys themselves have become lighter and their wear has significantly decreased.
- To reduce temperature and reduce adhesion, foaming, an air cooler is added.
How often do you visit a car service?
How many times do you need to change the oil and what is the resource for each shift? According to the manufacturer's recommendation, the Nissan X-Trail transmission fluid should be changed every 100,000 km.
In Russian conditions, oil changes, diagnostics and maintenance are required more often due to extreme driving conditions. When changing the oil, each time the filter is changed and the trap is washed, the coarse filter. The coarse filter is a container into which coarse mechanical particles, chips, metal filings fall. The coarse filter reduces the depreciation of the automatic transmission and increases the working life.
List of conditions considered extreme
- The temperature is below 0 degrees. In our area, such an “extreme” temperature can be six months.
- Frequent starting and stopping of the engine and work on Idling. Traffic jams and traffic lights contribute to such an "extreme" in any major city.
- Dust in the air.
- Trailer towing, full load, taxi, post office, courier delivery service, any commercial operation.
With enhanced operation, the resource of the automatic transmission is reduced. If the car is running Russian roads, it is desirable to undergo MOT more often.
CVT or continuously variable transmission
Nissan X-Trail 2.0: sand CVT