| Full title: | "Likinsky Bus Plant" |
| Other names: | LOZOD, LiMZ |
| Existence: | 1933 - present day |
| Location: | (USSR), Russia, Likino-Dulyovo (Moscow region) |
| Key Figures: | Kazakov Alexander Mikhailovich - Managing Director |
| Products: | Buses, trolleybuses |
| The lineup: |
Information on models is temporarily unavailable |
History of the enterprise LiAZ.
In August 1933, in the Moscow region in the small town of Likino-Dulyovo, the Forest Engineering Plant for Wood Improvement (LOZD) was launched. This event is considered the beginning of the history of the Likino Bus Plant (LiAZ).
Already in 1935, the plant produced: pressed wood and products from it, lignoston bars, insulating boards.
In 1945, the plant was reborn and, having received new modern equipment, changed its profile and was renamed, receiving the name "Likinsky Machine-Building Plant" (LiMZ). It produced an extensive range of products: mobile power plants, electric saws, motor trucks, sleeper machines. By 1946, the company employed more than 1,100 employees.
In 1958, a government decision was made on the next re-profiling of the enterprise. The plant was given the name "Likinsky Bus Plant" and since then the production of buses has become its specialization.
Since January 1959, the assembly of passenger buses begins. The first released model from this manufacturer was the LiAZ-158. In just ten years, the company produced 50,000 units of this model. At the same time, designers developed new models.
In the late 1950s and 1960s, housing construction developed with giant strides in the Soviet Union. New microdistricts in the cities grew like mushrooms after the rain. The population in the cities grew rapidly. These circumstances led to the need to develop large-capacity city buses. This is how the famous LiAZ-667 model appeared, the development of which began in 1962. And in the spring of 1968, buses of this brand were launched in mass production. For 25 years of production of this model, about two hundred thousand units saw the light.
Chronology of events of the second half of the 20th century.
In 1975, production reached its design capacity of 10,000 buses per year, and 7,837 people worked in the state.
In 1976, the plant, in accordance with the decree of the Government of the USSR, was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.
The enterprise successfully continued its activities, and in 1978 the modernized LiAZ-667M was introduced.
In 1985, the enterprise carried out a lot of work on the reconstruction and modernization of the enterprise, which was aimed at mastering the new LiAZ-5256 bus model, which was developed in the factory design bureau in the late 70s and early 80s.
In 1988, the start of mass production of the LiAZ 5256 model, which became the main one for the enterprise in the nineties.
In August 1994, the production of LiAZ-677 buses, famous throughout the country, was discontinued.
In the mid-nineties, very difficult times came for the company, as a result of which production was completely stopped in 1996. The plant turned out to be a debtor both to its staff in terms of wages and to the state (in the form of taxes). As a result, in 1997 the enterprise was officially declared bankrupt and passed under external management.
Nevertheless, in these difficult times, the enterprise was able to retain the territory, buildings and equipment.
Some time later, after the reorganization, already under the banner of "Likinsky Bus", the enterprise resumed work.
From 2000 to 2004 it is part of the RusAvtoProm concern.
In 2005, it is already integral part automotive group GAZ.
At this time, the designers of the plant are developing and putting into production such new models as low-floor buses "LiAZ-5293" and "LiAZ - 5292", an articulated city bus with increased capacity "LiAZ - 6212", suburban "LiAZ-5256 R".
In addition, on the basis of previously created buses, trolleybuses are produced: LiAZ-52802, LiAZ-5280, LiAZ-52803.
Today, Likinsky Bus is the largest modern enterprise in Russia, which owns advanced highly developed technologies for the creation of large city buses and ensures the production of products that fully comply with all applicable European standards.
LiAZSince the mid-2000s, LiAZ, which is part of the GAZ Group, has been gradually modernized. Now fifteen are produced in Likin basic models and about sixty of their modifications. The latest development is urban low-floor buses that fully comply with European requirements. In addition to the traditional 12-meter LiAZ-5292, vehicles with a length of 9.5 m (LiAZ-4292) to 18.75 m (articulated LiAZ-6213) are produced.
Urban aesthetics
A beautiful city bus is actually the same "small architectural forms" that adorn our streets. There were times when LiAZs were not particularly pleasing to the eye. And it's not about design frills - the paint peeled off, holes appeared in the body panels, on the steps and even in the floor. Now everything is different. The welded body of each bus undergoes cataphoretic priming in eight full-immersion baths. Body sides - from steel sheets with double-sided galvanization; they are stretched with preheating and then welded on. It turns out very smoothly, without dents and bubbles, beautiful and durable. In addition, on modern LiAZ trucks, the wheel arches are made of stainless steel, so the plant guarantees the absence of through corrosion body for twelve years.
The modern look of Lika buses is given by pasted-in windows. This technology also increases the rigidity of the body. Air conditioning and independent heaters are responsible for the microclimate. Armchairs - anti-vandal, imported or domestic. It is difficult to damage the plastic panels of a beautiful interior, but it is easy to clean and wash. Thanks to the low floor, stepping into the cabin is easy even for older passengers. Bumps hides air suspension.
Our forces
Engines for buses manufactured in Likino-Dulyovo are produced by YaMZ. These motors are the fruit of the joint work of Yaroslavl and the Austrian company AVL. The six-cylinder YaMZ‑536 with a working volume of 6.65 liters develops a power of 240–312 hp, the four-cylinder YaMZ‑534 with a volume of 4.3 liters produces 190–210 hp.In November 2016, engines (from 150 to 312 hp) were put on the conveyor in Yaroslavl. The abbreviation CNG stands for compressed natural gas. Both motors are not prone to overheating and will find application on trucks and buses designed specifically for use in the city.
Fuel system - Bosch common rail, injection pressure is 1800 bar (with the possibility of increasing to 2000 bar). To meet the requirements of Euro-4 and Euro-5 eco-standards, the engines were equipped with a liquid-cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system. In terms of efficiency, engines of the YaMZ‑530 family are able to compete with foreign ones, while being 20–30% cheaper. The declared resource of diesel "fours" is at least 700 thousand kilometers, "sixes" - 900 thousand.
The new motors have significantly reduced the noise and vibration levels at the rear of the bus compared to the previous Cummins and Caterpillar motors.
LiAZDon't switch
Automatic transmissions on new LiAZs are imported - ZF EcoLife with electronic control or Allison Transmission T2100 or T270. Both are 6-speed, with torque converter lockup in each gear. The torque converter is also used as a retarder, and it is integrated into the working brake system, which allows you to save pads. Another automatic is the 4-speed Voith Diwa D 864. Imported boxes noticeably raise the price of the bus, but GAZ Group is already working on its own family of automatics with a torque converter.
The leading portal bridges ZF with tricky final drives. Schematically, they are similar to the army bridges of UAZs and Benz Unimog off-road vehicles. Such bridges allow the floor to be lowered from a height of 405 mm from the ground to 205 mm - of course, when using the appropriate tires.
Will domestic portal bridges appear? There is a hope that their production will be mastered in Chuvashia, at the Kanash auto-aggregate plant, which is part of the GAZ Group.
LiAZ-429260-60 4×2 | LiAZ-529265 4×2 | LiAZ-621365 6×2 |
Length Width Height |
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9500/2500/2938 mm | 12400/2500/2880 mm | 18 750/2500/2880 mm |
Turning radius |
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Curb / gross weight |
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n.d./13 150 kg | 10 500/18 000 kg | 15 730/28 000 kg |
7100/9700/11 200 kg |
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Passenger capacity / number of seats |
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75 people / 18 + 1 | 108 people / 28 + 1 | 193 people / 33 + 1 |
Engine |
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YaMZ-534030 (Euro-5), 4.43 l; 210 HP at 2300 rpm; | YaMZ-53633 (Euro-5), 6.65 l; 276 HP at 2300 rpm; 1250 Nm at 1300–1600 rpm | YaMZ-53613 (Euro-5), 6.65 l; 310 HP at 2300 rpm; 1221 Nm at 1300–1600 rpm |
Fuel supply |
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Transmission |
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drive axle - ZF AV110, portal, with central bevel gear; gearbox - ZF 6AP-1000B, A6 with GMP | drive axle - ZF AV133, portal, with a central bevel gear, with two-line final drives; gearbox - ZF 6AP-1400B, A6 with GMP |
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Chassis |
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front suspension - independent, pneumatic, with two air springs, rear suspension- dependent, with four pneumocylinders; brakes - pneumatic, dual-circuit, disc, with ABS and with ASR; tires - 265/70 R19.5 | front suspension - dependent, pneumatic, with two air springs, rear suspension - dependent, with four air springs; brakes - pneumatic, dual-circuit, disc, with ABS and with ASR; tires - 275/70 R22.5 |
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In the Moscow region, there are many enterprises that produce products of various kinds. Not the least important place in the list of producing complexes of the region is occupied by enterprises producing vehicles, one of the largest and most famous among which can be called the Likinsky Bus Plant (LiAZ), located in the city of Likino-Dulyovo.
The history of the creation of the Likinsky bus plant dates back to 1937 - at that time, a forestry complex for wood refining began its activities in the village. Eight years later, the car company was renamed and began to specialize in the construction of machines and systems for the woodworking industry. In 1958, the current LiAZ, whose website can be found on the Internet, was reconstructed for the production of passenger buses; It was then that the company got its present name.
Throughout its existence, the Likinsky bus plant "LiAZ" has been continuously developing, increasing its capacity and expanding its product range. The company has repeatedly received high awards in major competitions.
The products of the Likinsky Bus Plant, whose official website provides complete information about it, meet the highest environmental requirements, as well as established safety and comfort standards. In recent years, the GAZ Group, which includes the enterprise, carried out its total modernization, introduced new equipment.
LiAZ: products
Likinsky Bus Plant exports vehicles to various cities of Russia, and is also a supplier of new generation equipment for the capital and St. Petersburg.
The LiAZ plant produces about twenty models of buses, which are very popular in the passenger transportation market. It is the only Russian company that produces a full line of passenger buses 12 and 8 meters long, which run on all types of fuel.
The bus plant "LiAZ" in different years of its existence also produced several experimental models of articulated buses and trolleybuses; in 2012, an electric bus rolled off the assembly line. At different times, the plant also produced mobile video salons, mobile computer centers and various modifications of trolleybuses.
"Blog Trucker" continues a series of photo reports on the enterprises of the division "Russian Buses - GAZ Group". We present to your attention a photo report from the Likinsky bus plant. Get comfortable, there will be many photos.
1. Our factory tour begins with the press and blank shop.
2. Here, longitudinal and transverse cutting of rolled steel takes place, as well as all the necessary blanks for cold stamping of parts for future buses.
3. Line "Halbron".
4. In cold stamping production, facing panels of the body, as well as parts and assemblies of elements of the body frame are made.
5. Laser cutting section using the "Trumpf TL - 3030" complex.
6. With the help of a cunning crane, the operator feeds the metal sheet into the working area of the machine.
7. We managed to look behind the protective screen and see how the laser beam burns the correct profile of the future workpiece at high speed.
8. After some time, the machine unloads the finished parts.
9. But this is just the beginning of a long process.
10. A little later, with the help of a press, they will be given the desired shape.
11. Finished parts are waiting to be sent to the next stages of production.
12. Workflow.
13. Manufacturing, coil - evaporator, air system. Later we will see how the part looks on the finished bus.
14. Now let's proceed to the workshop of welding and bodywork. The photo shows the SCHLATTER roof assembly-welding line. Previously, workers are gathering elements of the future roof on the slipway.
15. SCHLATTER at work.
16. We follow the conveyor thread. Step by step, the elements of the bus acquire more and more new parts.
17. The front panel of the bus is being assembled. Welder at work.
18. Finally, the time comes when all the elements of the bus frame are assembled on the conveyor into a single whole. The front is in the photo.
19. The so-called frame is the lower, load-bearing part of the bus body.
20. On the slipway, observing the strict geometry of the body, all parts are assembled into a single whole.
21. Operator.
22. Welding of the body on the slipway. Now, if you wish, you can consider the silhouette of the future bus.
24. In order for the sides of the bus to be absolutely even, LiAZ uses unique technology. Before welding, the metal sheet is heated to a temperature of 90 degrees Celsius. It increases in size and only then, it is pulled onto the frame.
25. The final touches of the bodywork.
26. Please note that two parts of the articulated bus are sent for cataphoresis treatment of the body.
27. There are no analogues of such a process for bodies of such dimensions in Russia, other CIS countries and neighboring countries.
28. A fragile girl is in command of the process.
29. The bodies are alternately dipped into several huge bathtubs.
30. At one time, the plant became the first enterprise in Russia to apply a complete anti-corrosion treatment of bodies using the cataphoresis method. The essence of this method of electrolytic staining is that the product placed in a cataphoresis bath is exposed to an electric field. As a result, a special water-based paint is deposited on the entire product, not missing even hard-to-reach corners. The adhesion of the epoxy layer to metal is extremely strong, and the resulting coating is resistant to the most aggressive weather conditions.
32. It was a revelation to me that the roof of the bus is one hundred percent covered with a plastic sheet.
33. LiAZ claims that this technology is an order of magnitude more practical and durable.
34. The company constantly employs about one and a half thousand workers, with an average salary of 35 thousand rubles.
35. At the moment, February 2012, 10 new buses leave the factory gates every shift.
36. But the highest volume of orders at LiAZ falls at the end of the year, because the main customers of the enterprise are budgetary organizations. At such moments, the output of buses from the assembly line increases dramatically. The company is recruiting temporary workers and raises wages.
37. Bodies are a matter of legitimate pride of the plant.
38. LiAZ guarantees that the bodies of its buses will last at least 12 years before through corrosion.
41. Friendship.
42. Painted ones emerge.
40. The final stage before sending the body painting.
41. Friendship.
42. Painted ones emerge.
43. It's time for the windowsmiths to get down to business.
40. The final stage before sending the body painting.
41. Friendship.
42. Painted ones emerge.
43. It's time for the windowsmiths to get down to business.
40. The final stage before sending the body painting.
41. Friendship.
42. Painted ones emerge.
43. It's time for the windowsmiths to get down to business.
44. Clamps.
45. To say that the work literally burns in the hands of the masters will not be enough - you have to see it with your own eyes.
46. The size of the enterprise is impressive. The conveyor line floats on two floors at the same time.
47. It's time to go down to the final bus assembly line. Bridges are installed on the conveyor every 45 minutes, an engine every 90 minutes.
48. At the request of the customer, the machines are equipped with bridges from ZF, Raba or domestic KAAZ.
49. In this case, as can be seen in the photo, a drive axle from a German manufacturer, ZF, is installed on the bus.
50. The choice of engine and gearbox also depends on the desire of the customer. The range of units is wide, from domestic YaMZ and KAMAZ, to the best imported models firms MAN, Caterpillar, Cummins. Gearboxes Voith, ZF.
In the 30s of the twentieth century, a plant was built in the city of Likino-Dulyovo, which produced wood-laminated plastics from which aircraft were built, liners for bearings, liners for metro rails, and more were cut out. etc. At the end of the war, the plant was transformed into a machine-building plant for the repair of diesel engines, the manufacture of mobile power plants, and motor vehicles. In 1958 the plant became a bus plant. The ZIL-158 model was produced, but already in 1962 the first LiAZ-677 appeared, which later became a legend in the automotive industry: about 200 thousand cars were assembled, this is the most massive model of a large class bus in the world.
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In the difficult 1990s, production stopped, people did not receive salaries, the press already reported that LiAZ was no more. The preservation of the main capacities and the revival of the plant is a feat of the labor collective. Now LiAZ is again the flagship of the industry, along with 17 other enterprises in Russia and abroad, it is part of the GAZ Group, which is the country's largest manufacturer of commercial vehicles and has adopted a development strategy for the period up to 2012, the purpose of which is to provide consumers of complex solutions to transport problems. LiAZ employs 3,200 people, about 3,000 buses roll off the assembly line a year, and it is planned to increase output to 4,300 in the next four years. New models created at the plant, starting in 2002, have invariably been awarded the highest awards at the Moscow International Automobile Exhibition.
LiAZ offers consumers all kinds of buses of large and extra large class: urban and suburban, tourist, single and articulated, gas, school, northern, disabled. The low-floor models 5292 and 6213 are in the highest demand. All bodies are chemically treated in eight huge baths, which allows us to give a guarantee against corrosion for 12 years. Only three other companies in Europe have this technology for buses. At the request of customers, domestic or imported engines Kama and Yaroslavl automobile plants, or imported Caterpillar, Cummins, MAN, different gearboxes, and in general the buyer has the right to choose any options, from basic components to bus coloring. Even requests for cars are being fulfilled, which the factory has not made before - for example, a school bus in the northern version was designed and a batch was produced in less than two months! At the end of 2007, the production of trolleybuses was mastered. In 2008, a sample of a bus with a hybrid power unit(two engines - diesel and electric).
In millions, the funds allocated for social support of personnel and for the further improvement of sanitary and living conditions are calculated. Employees are rewarded based on the results of a labor competition, there are payments for anniversaries, for vacations, the company partially bears the cost of transporting employees from their place of residence to the plant and back. Liazovites have organized summer vacations on the Black Sea coast, as well as their children in health camps. This is how the fundamental principle of the production system of the Likino Bus Plant is fulfilled: "People are the most valuable asset of the enterprise."