4.1. Network of facilities designed for permanent and temporary storage cars, as well as other moto Vehicle should include the following main items:
open and closed car parks mainly for public use for parking state and individual vehicles;
garages and parking lots designed for permanent storage of cars.
4.2. The main space-planning elements of garages and parking lots are determined by the geometric parameters of the calculated types of vehicles, the conditions of their movement and maneuvering.
For passenger cars, a “reference” small car with dimensions in terms of 180 ´ 410 cm (the largest car in terms of dimensions from the smallest group of cars) with minimum distances between adjacent cars or between the car and the end or longitudinal wall of the garage should be taken as the calculated one.
Taking into account the minimum allowable clearances (50 cm), the estimated parking area required for one “reference” small car, excluding the area required for maneuvering, will be 230 ´ 460 cm, and for medium passenger cars of the Volga type (GAZ-21 and GAZ-24) - 250 ´ 530 cm. For short-term and temporary parking lots, it is allowed to take the estimated parking area of 250 ´ 500 cm. In garages and parking lots of individual owners, safety gaps can be increased to 70 cm.
4.3. Ways of arranging cars and other motor vehicles in parking lots are divided depending on the location of storage places in relation to driveways, the angle of placement, the number of storage rows (see Appendix 10).
Depending on the location of the storage places in relation to the driveways, one-way parking lots are distinguished - with the installation of cars only on one side of the driveway, and two-way - along both opposite sides of the driveway. One-way parking lots in terms of specific area per one parking space are uneconomical if they are not combined with local or intra-microdistrict travel.
In accordance with the angle of installation of the car in relation to the longitudinal axis of the passage, parallel, perpendicular and oblique schemes built at an angle of 30°, 45° and 60° can be used.
According to the number of storage rows, single-row and multi-row car arrangements are distinguished. The single-lane scheme provides independent entry or exit of any vehicle at any time. With multi-row schemes, the car is installed "in the tail" of the previous one and its exit is possible only by maneuvering. Dependent multi-row arrangement is allowed only at conservation bases, diagnostic points, service stations.
In open car parks and garages intended for short-term and temporary storage of cars, a two-sided oblique arrangement is recommended. In this case, the arrangement of vehicles at angles from 30° to 60° to the longitudinal axis of the passage is allowed. The total area per one parking space in relation to the rectangular arrangement increases by 20 - 25%, but the conditions for parking a car and leaving it are somewhat easier.
When calculating the number of motorcycles that can be placed in parking lots and garages, the following dimensions are accepted: a motorcycle with a sidecar - 240 ´ 170 cm; single motorcycle - 240 ´ 80 cm.
Distances between motorcycles are accepted not less than 50 cm.
Locations for the installation of individual crews (cars, motorcycles, etc.), as well as direction indicators must be marked on the carriageway of parking lots and garages.
4.4. The floor height in ground and underground ramp-type garages should be 2.0 m clear. In mechanized and automated garages, the height can be reduced (subject to the use of special devices to put the car in place without starting the engines) up to 1.7 - 1.8 m.
In maintenance and repair rooms equipped with lifting mechanisms, the floor height in cleanliness must be at least 3.9 m.
4.5. Internal driveways in garages and parking lots are designed for two traffic lanes (two cars in a row). The minimum turning radius for small reference cars is 5.5 m, for middle class cars - 6.5 m.
The movement of cars within the garage or parking lot must be right-handed, streaming, and with a capacity of more than 100 parking spaces - without crossing traffic flows.
4.6. For self-propelled movement of vehicles vertically, ramps can be designed external and (with a garage building height of no more than 2 floors) with a slope of not more than 10% and internal. Internal ramps can be rectilinear in plan (with a slope of not more than 16%) and curvilinear (with a slope of not more than 13%); according to the height of the lift, full ramps (per floor) and half ramps (half a floor) are distinguished. According to the number of lanes, ramps can be single or double track. With appropriate justification and coordination of the project with the fire department, in garages for storing cars, ramps of continuous movement (the so-called inclined floors) with slopes of no more than 4% can be used.
4.7. Depending on the availability of maintenance and repair facilities, there are:
complex garages intended mainly for departmental cars and taxis. In addition to storage, they carry out preventive maintenance and various repairs with the replacement of units, assemblies and parts, mechanized washing, and in some cases refueling;
non-complex garages, in which, in addition to storage, only simple operations are carried out - daily inspection, minor repairs, hose washer. In urban areas for cars, only non-complex garages should be designed.
In addition to the main classification features, city garages and parking lots differ in relation to the elevation of the ground surface, the number of floors, devices for moving cars vertically, the internal layout of the parking area, the nature of the enclosing structures and engineering equipment, capacity, etc.
Depending on the location in relation to the marks of the earth's surface, ground, semi-underground, and also combined structures are distinguished. Underground structures are those that are completely buried in the ground; semi-underground - the floor of the main premises of which is buried less than 2 m below the surface of the earth; combined - elevated structures with separate underground or semi-underground rooms and floors.
According to the number of floors, one-story and multi-story garages and parking lots are distinguished. Garages with a height of 2 to 5 floors are medium-rise structures; more than 5 floors - high number of storeys.
According to devices for moving cars vertically, multi-storey garages and parking lots are divided into the following groups:
ramps (with self-propelled movement of cars on inclined surfaces) - with external ones, which are allowed only at a lifting height of one or two floors and internal ramps; with half ramps; formed by the displacement of individual planes of floors in height; with pitched (sloping) floor-slabs;
mechanized, equipped with lifts for vertical movement cars;
automated or "automated garages", in which the installation and delivery of cars is carried out without starting the engine.
According to the internal layout, car parks can be: arena type with open car storage places located in a single hall; box - with the exit from each isolated fenced place (box) to the outside or to the internal passage, as well as combined.
By the nature of the enclosing structures, structures with walls and without enclosing walls (garages and parking lots).
By the nature of the engineering equipment, garages can be heated, with and without water supply and sewerage, with artificial ventilation, equipped with special information and other systems.
Depending on the number of storage places, garages and parking lots are distinguished: small capacity (up to 50 cars), medium capacity (from 50 to 300 cars) and large capacity (more than 300 cars).
Parking lots and garages may be of general use, without limiting the circle of persons using them, or of limited use, intended only to serve certain institutions and clientele.
Depending on the architectural and planning solution, the buildings of garages and parking lots can be free-standing, solved as separate structures, as well as built into the volume of another building or attached to it, where this is allowed by the norms (Appendix 8 - 9).
Dependent multi-row arrangement is allowed only at conservation bases and service stations.
Need for temporary parking. Such a need exists in cities and on highways. It is especially high in administrative centers, the zone of trade, cultural and educational institutions, as well as near transport hubs and large residential buildings. On highways, there is a need for temporary parking, independent of the location of the listed objects of gravity, but associated with the need for drivers to rest, inspect vehicles, etc.
Classification of temporary parking. Temporary parking in cities is divided into street parking, that is, when parking is allowed directly on the roadway, and off-street, that is, remote from the roadway. Street parking is sometimes also called near-sidewalk parking, since standing cars, according to the Rules traffic should generally be located directly next to the curb of the sidewalk (in certain cases it is allowed to place cars on the edge of the sidewalk). The method of parking cars in parking lots can be determined by marking lines and additional plates 7.6.1–7.6.9 to sign 5.15.
Off-street parking can be arranged in open areas, on the roofs of buildings, in special parking garages of one- or multi-storey type. Overground and underground parking garages are being built. Multi-storey parking garages, depending on the method of moving cars in them, are divided into ramp and mechanized. In ramp garages, cars move on their own, and in mechanized garages, with the help of special elevators or conveyors. The need for multi-storey parking garages arises, first of all, in those places where it is impossible to allocate sufficient space for a parking lot, which is typical for the central business districts of large cities.
Foreign data show that in large cities with a high level of motorization, the vast majority of temporary parking spaces are provided by off-street parking. All temporary parking can be paid and free. The collection of fees, which are usually based on the length of time a car stays in a parking lot, not only helps recover construction and maintenance costs, but has also been shown to improve car owners' use of the parking lot. In connection with this, in the most cramped central quarters of many foreign cities, parking lots have become widespread, in which each place is equipped with a special parking meter for individual or collective use.
Temporary parking near highways is organized, as a rule, in open areas, since in these conditions there is usually no need to place a large number of cars in one place. However, it is important to ensure sufficient frequency of parking spaces.
According to the mode of operation, parking lots are divided: 1 - with unlimited hours of operation; 2 - with a limitation on the length of stay of the car; 3 - with a limited (during the day) time of work. Parking lots of the 2nd type are used in heavily trafficked areas and cramped conditions, which allows serving a larger number of car owners with a limited number of places. A typical example is the introduction in a number of Western countries of the so-called "blue zone" for street parking in a certain part of the city. The duration of stay in the parking lot in this zone should not exceed 1.5 hours. This practically excludes the possibility of using street parking in these zones by people who come to work, i.e. excludes work trips that cause the longest stay of cars in temporary parking lots. To control the duration of parking in areas with a limited stay by car, a cardboard dial with moving arrows is installed, on which the owner must indicate the time of arrival.
The parking mode of the 3rd type is introduced on separate streets, the throughput of which at peak times, if available. parked cars insufficient. It can also be introduced at certain hours due to the need to perform special loading and unloading operations, cleaning the streets or the parking lots themselves. The same regime can be applied to off-street parking areas (for example, located near administrative and cultural centers) to prevent them from becoming a place of permanent storage. private cars. A diagram showing the main classification features of temporary parking lots intended for car parking is shown in fig. 9.8
Determining the size of parking lots. When determining the required area for car parking, one should proceed from the level of motorization in the region of the predominant type of cars for which it is calculated, the capacity of the object of attraction served and the expected average duration of car parking during a period of intense demand. The area of one place is usually taken as 20–25 m 2 for cars and 40–85 m 2 for trucks and buses.
The duration of stay of cars depends primarily on the nature of the serviced object and the purpose of the trip. The following characteristic purposes of trips can be named: for work (study); office and business (during working hours); cultural and domestic, sightseeing and tourist, etc. The shortest duration of one-time parking is observed during business trips and visiting trade and household enterprises. The duration of the car in such parking lots does not exceed 1 - 1.5 hours. The time spent in the parking lot at the entertainment enterprises is determined by the duration of the performance. The longest time spent by cars in parking lots when traveling to work is determined by the length of the working day. Studies show that the length of time a car spends in parking lots of almost all types is significantly affected by the size of the city. In the largest cities, compared to small cities, the parking time is approximately doubled.
SNiP 2.07.01–89* contains standards that are intended for urban planning and can be used to justify operational measures for the organization of temporary parking. The norms are designed for the level of motorization up to 250 cars/1000 people, and at higher values they should be increased.
Separate areas or near-sidewalk zones should be allocated for taxi cars in places where there are reserves of throughput.
Rules for the organization of temporary parking
Arrangement of parking places for cars. When passing highway through the settlement near public centers, administrative and cultural facilities, shops, canteens, places of interest, temporary parking lots (car parks) should be provided.
Regulatory requirements for the need for car parking are mainly regulated by SNiP 2.07.01 - 89 “Urban planning. Planning in buildings of urban and rural settlements" and SNiP 21-02 - 99* "Parking".
Determining the required parking area based on assessments of local needs can be done by the following methods:
by the number of inhabitants. The number of parking spaces in the business part of the city is accepted within 0.5 ... 1% of the total population;
the number of cars in the city. In the business part of the city, one parking lot is provided for every 5 to 8 cars registered in the city;
traffic flows. One parking lot for 7...9% of cars annually entering the business part of the city.
Open parking lots for temporary storage of cars should be provided for at least 70% of the estimated fleet of individual cars, including:
residential areas - 25%;
industrial and municipal warehouse zones (districts) - 25%;
citywide and specialized centers - 5%;
zones of mass short-term rest - 15%.
It should be noted that the stipulated norms lag far behind the level of motorization in Russia, therefore, in practice, the area of car parks should be significantly higher.
A diagram showing the main classification features of temporary car parks is shown in fig. 1.1.
Should be avoided in settlements the arrangement of parking lanes at the edge of the carriageway, as well as the permission to park on the sides of the road. Car parks can be of a linear type, located parallel to the road outside the carriageway and separated from it by a dividing strip or fences, or in the form of special areas outside the road, as shown in Fig. 1.2.
The arrangement of cars in the parking lots of a linear type is longitudinal, on the sites it is different, depending on the area and the required capacity of the parking lot.
Rice. 1.1.
Rice. 1.2.
a - parking of a linear type; b - parking area;
1 - transitional speed lanes; 2 - service objects;
3 - parking area; 4 - dividing lines
car parking need arrangement
Car parks should be located outside the carriageway in the immediate vicinity of the visited object at a distance of no more than 100 m. Entrances and exits from car parks should not impede or delay the movement of vehicles on the road.
The required parking area is assigned depending on the type of object to be visited and the intensity of traffic on the road.
The planning characteristics of car parks (cell dimensions for parking a car, width of passages, turning radii, maneuvering zones) are determined by the layout of cars.
The dimensions of the cell are set according to the type of vehicle. For urban conditions, the type of car that is most common among possible users of parking lots is taken as the calculated one.
In Russia, the following are taken as the basis for calculations: for parking for personal use - a small-capacity type of car of the VAZ family, for service parking - a Volga car. If it is supposed to park trucks and buses, for example, in a suburban part of the city, the design type of such vehicles is selected depending on the composition of the traffic flow.
The cell for the installation of one car must contain the car itself and allow you to walk around it.
To do this, the dimensions of the sides of the cell must be 0.5 m larger than the corresponding dimensions of the car (Fig. 1.3), which provides a gap of 1 m between the cars, sufficient for a pedestrian to pass between them.
With the location of the car park along the road, there are difficulties with entering and leaving the cell.
Rice. 1.3.
L, W - length and width of the calculated vehicle, respectively
To facilitate the use of such a parking lot, the cells are combined in two and a gap of at least 2 m is left between them. If buses are likely to be parked, this gap can be increased to 3 m (Fig. 1.4).
Special lanes must be provided for car parking on the carriageway. The width of these lanes is less than for traffic, and, depending on the type of cars stopping on the road, is 2.5 ... 3 m.
On roads in residential areas with a low intensity of automobile and pedestrian traffic, car parking is allowed with a stop on the sidewalk. In this case, the cross slope of the sidewalk increases and the height of the side stone decreases to 5 ... 10 cm. The free part of the sidewalk must have a width of at least 1.5 m, sufficient for the construction of two lanes for pedestrian traffic (Fig. 1.5).
Rice. 1.4.
1 - parking lots; 2 - dividing line; 3 - pedestrian crossing
Rice. 1.5.
a - the arrangement of cars along the roads; b - transverse arrangement; in - arrangement at an angle; d, e - partial use of the sidewalk; e - arrangement on the sidewalk.
The dimensions of the planning elements of off-street car parks depend on the arrangement of cars: as the angle of arrangement approaches a straight line, the capacity of the parking lane increases, but at the same time, the required width of the passage between the rows increases.
With multi-row installation of cars, the size of the cell for one car is also the main one (Fig. 1.6).
Rice. 1.6.
a - at a right angle; b - at an acute angle
The choice of car layout depends on the width of the site where the parking is located: with a decrease in the installation angle, the required parking width decreases; the average area per one machine place at the same time increases to 12%.
In order to ensure road safety, stopping and parking of all types of vehicles on the roadside should be prohibited. The exception is vehicles that are out of order and damaged as a result of an accident. Stopping of vehicles should be provided on parking lanes located on roadsides and special sites arranged along the road outside the subgrade.
Parking lanes must be arranged on roads of categories I - III on the surface of the subgrade along the carriageway in places where cars can stop. Parking lanes must have a hard surface, preferably the same as on the carriageway, and be separated from it by markings or a dividing strip.
The distance between the parking lanes is determined by local conditions. It is desirable that this distance be no more than 5 km.
The length of the parking lanes is determined depending on the possible number of stopping cars at the rate of 10 m for a stopped passenger car and 15 m for a truck. The number of places in the parking lanes must be at least three.
In the absence of information about the needs for car stops, you can use the recommendations given in Table. 2.
When the number of stopping cars is more than 5 - 7, it is advisable for stops and parking of cars instead of parking lanes to arrange special areas separated from the roadway.
Table 2.
The smallest number of places in the parking lanes
The width of the parking lanes must be sufficient to accommodate the estimated truck and is assumed to be at least 3 m.
Bibliography
1. Pugachev I.N. Organization and road safety: a textbook for students. higher textbook institutions / I.N. Pugachev, A.E. Gorev, E.M. Oleshchenko. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2009. - 272 pages.
Recently, with the active development of urban infrastructure, the number of passenger cars has also increased. road transport on city streets, and with it the need for parking lots has increased. Which by itself excludes the question - why do we need a parking lot.
The mayors of large cities, in order to solve the problem of freeing the streets from motor vehicles parked on them, are trying to increase the construction of equipped parking lots, but budget funds are limited, and it would seem that free land plots actually belong to various companies, institutions and organizations for a long time. Therefore, the construction of car parks can only be started if there is a land plot allocated for this purpose that meets all the requirements for parking, and the necessary funds. According to their features and characteristics, parking lots are divided into several types.
Open surface car parks
This type of parking implies an open and fenced ground area along the corresponding perimeter, intended for parking cars and having at least two exits, which are located on opposite sides. An open parking lot for cars may also not contain a fence, but it internal organization will necessarily consist of markings intended for this purpose applied to a solid prepared surface. The cost of a place in such car parks will be cheaper than in closed ones, due to the lack of protection from weather conditions.
Closed surface car parks
Multilevel car parks
One of the most promising types of closed surface car parks, which is able to provide car owners with a sufficient number of seats in a minimum area. Multi-level car parks can be built as a separate building or as an extension to it. Sometimes, in order to save land, they are erected over highways or city streets. For the safety and convenience of customers, car parks of this type are usually equipped with all the necessary types of modern mechanized equipment.
Underground car parks
Underground car parks require a significant amount of capital investment, but remain the most convenient, practical and capacious place for road transport. Such complexes are considered elite, they allow placing hundreds of cars on their territory and are built mainly in places with a large concentration of cars. Decisions on the construction of underground car parks are applied in those places where the ground placement of vehicles for many reasons becomes impossible.
According to their purpose, duration and features of storage of vehicles, parking lots are also divided into several groups:
- long-term - intended for the storage of cars of citizens living in a certain area;
- seasonal - involve the temporary storage of cars in a certain recreation area;
- daytime - located in popular places of mass recreation, near sports, shopping and entertainment facilities;
- night - intended for temporary overnight parking of motor vehicles.
Their attractiveness and popularity among motorists depend on the quality construction of parking lots for parking lots, but when starting to equip sites, it is necessary to carefully study the requirements for this type of activity.
Requirements for the equipment of ground parking lots
Surface car parks of open and closed type are the most promising in terms of accessibility and ease of construction. But, like all construction projects, they have their own specific technical requirements that must be followed in the construction of surface parking lots.
The proposed land plot providing for parking of cars should be legally intended specifically for this particular type of activity. This fact is a guarantee that in the future the owner will be able to avoid problems associated with the construction, as well as the operation of the site.
The development of a project and a business plan for the construction of a closed parking lot require mandatory approval, approval and registration in several government organizations. Of particular difficulty, as a rule, is the resolution of the issue related to the approval of the project itself, here the owner of the future parking lot will have to communicate with city utilities for a long time. But you won't get anywhere if a parking lot is opened from scratch.
One of the first problems that will have to be faced when organizing parking lot 24 for motor vehicles is finding and creating the required sizes of parking spaces, because at the legislative level there are no regulations that accurately indicate these parameters. The generally accepted standard for open and closed surface car parks can be considered the size of 2.5x4.5 meters.
The calculation of the number of seats is also carried out taking into account the fact that the minimum distance between the rows of parked vehicles in the parking lot should be 7 meters.
The boundaries of a closed car park are usually clearly marked along its perimeter, and the site itself is divided by lanes that define parking and vehicle access areas. Often additional places are allocated for the organization of parking for bicycles.
The movement of vehicles on the site must be provided for one-way, and with a capacity of more than 100 vehicles - without intersecting oncoming flows.
According to sanitary standards, a closed parking lot under a car must have a hard surface, which must be covered with a special solution to prevent the absorption of oil products into the surface.
artificial and also natural light close attention must be paid, according to existing sanitary standards, artificial lighting should correspond to 10 lux.
A closed parking lot must be equipped with entrance and exit gates with barriers, an emergency exit in case of evacuation of vehicles, a room for round-the-clock security, a room for administration and a telephone connection. All this will be enough to start the process of operating the parking lot. In the future, at the request of the owner, the parking lot can be equipped with a video surveillance system, as well as building premises for the provision of additional services.
With a small capacity of vehicles (up to 50 units), one combined entry-exit is allowed, the width of which should be no less than 4.5 meters. In closed car parks with a larger capacity, gates for the entry and exit of motor vehicles should be located at opposite ends of the site.
Requirements for the placement of a closed parking lot near buildings
Guided by sanitary norms and regulations governing the construction of surface car parks, the owner of the future enterprise can determine the safe distance from adjacent buildings to the boundaries of the facility he is constructing.
According to the prescriptive regulation, the distance from the windows of a residential building to an open car park should be:
- at least 10 m - for a site containing from 1 to 10 vehicles;
- at least 15 m - for parking, on the territory of which there are from 10 to 50 cars;
- not less than 50 m - for sites containing from 101 to 300 vehicles on their territory.
The distance for closed parking lots can be reduced in each case by 25%, provided that there are no opening windows in the walls, as well as entrances and exits from residential buildings.
In the presence of nearby schools, medical institutions, shops, public social facilities, the requirements of sanitary standards remain the same as for open ground parking lots.
Car park operation and organization of additional services
Self-respecting paid car parks are distinguished by the presence of information developed and posted in specially designated places for this purpose, which helps vehicle owners to navigate the economic activities of the enterprise. Information sources to which clients have access include:
- rules for the storage of motor vehicles with clearly defined obligations of the parties;
- the working hours of the car park;
- information on existing tariffs for the services provided by the enterprise;
- a plan-scheme of the parking lot, which indicates not only the direction of movement of vehicles, but also the numbers of the established places for their storage;
- emergency vehicle evacuation plan;
- phone numbers of the car park owner, police, ambulance, fire department, consumer protection organization;
- book of complaints and suggestions.
The operation of a closed parking lot provides for the registration and acceptance of a vehicle for storage, for which the necessary information about the car and its owner is entered into the vehicle registration log, who must familiarize himself with the storage rules before leaving the car in the parking lot, and put his signature in magazine.
The process of development and successful operation of a car park largely depends on the rules, regulations and instructions developed by the owner, which regulate the work of the enterprise, officials and all service personnel. Particular attention should be paid to instructions in the car park on the labor protection of hired workers, instructions on fire safety, as well as careful keeping of a log of these disciplines. Instructions should be developed for security guards, parking attendants, parking attendants, workers, cleaners, salesmen and signed by staff. In order to save money, some positions in the parking lot can be combined, just like the points of the instructions being developed.
All necessary rules, instructions and regulations can be found on the Internet and make the necessary amendments according to the features and conditions of the closed car park.
The owner of the parking lot can protect himself from liability in the event of a fire or other accident only if there are instructions signed by the employee of the enterprise and the presence of his timely signature in the briefing book with a corresponding correctly executed entry.
In the process of enterprise development, there is a great opportunity to expand and improve the list of services provided to vehicle owners:
- tire fitting is one of the most necessary and already popular types of services among motorists;
- car service is a great way to solve customer car repair problems right at the car park;
- a car wash is another opportunity to attract the attention of motorists and make your car park known.
These types of activities according to KVED have class 52.21 "Support services land transport”, which in one of its paragraphs provides for: towing and technical assistance when performing work on the roadside.
Fire safety of a closed car park
The fire safety of a closed car park is determined by compliance with all necessary rules, requirements and regulations that prescribe and regulate the process of its functioning.
In accordance with the legislation, parking lots must have:
- two or more exits outside for the evacuation of vehicles;
- fencing, consisting of non-combustible materials;
- fire hydrant to eliminate and localize the fire;
- street outlets of water pipes for connecting mobile fire fighting equipment;
- fire extinguishers, in an amount that depends on the area of the parking lot;
- fire shield with all necessary equipment for fire fighting;
- distance from residential buildings by established norms;
- the possibility of free access of specialized fire trucks to the facility, as well as residential buildings, outbuildings and public facilities.
A fire shield, at the discretion of the owner, can be installed in front of the entrance or inside a closed parking lot, fire extinguishers, according to established standards, must be located around the entire perimeter of the site at a height of 1.5 meters from the ground cover. In the absence of such an opportunity, it should be stored in a security room.
It is forbidden to block the fire transport access zone with fences, ordinary planting of trees and conducting power lines through the air at an insufficient height.
Parking security
Expensive brands of cars tend to attract criminals, so the protection of vehicles located in the parking lot is the main task of the entire process of economic activity of the enterprise. Closed sites have a higher security against abductions, but the protection of such objects must be given very close attention for many existing reasons. After all, the task is not only how to make your own parking lot, but also make money on it, and not deal with courts with car owners.
The specifics of the protection of closed parking lots are:
- in special control over the constant entry and exit of vehicles;
- in the safety of material assets entrusted to the owner of the parking lot;
- in maintaining the intra-object regime established by the rules;
- in strict observance of the rules and instructions of fire safety;
- in maintaining cleanliness, order and compliance with sanitary standards.
To perform all these functions, close attention must be paid to the selection of personnel. The guards of closed car parks must be smart, attentive, have a good knowledge of modern brands of cars, as well as have a quick response and driving skills.
The owner of the parking lot also needs to create the proper conditions for maintaining security, because the quality and efficiency of a person’s work largely depends on this. An insulated room should have a large window that allows you to view the entire car area, the necessary furniture and a telephone.
For high-quality protection of the object, you need to take care of installing lighting around the entire perimeter of the protected area and, if necessary, purchase dogs that will help the guards to carry out their service in a quality manner.
The rules for storing vehicles in a closed car park guarantee the safety of the car owner, and in case of theft, damage or disassembly, the responsibility lies with the service provider.
All disputes that arise regarding the issue of proper preservation of cars and the property located in them can be resolved by a video camera installed in the parking lot.
A closed parking lot is a rather peculiar and interesting mechanism for providing services to motorists. But for its effective implementation, it is very important to correctly and competently organize the work of the enterprise, as well as ensure the appropriate level of facility security. Subject to all established norms and rules, the owner of the parking lot will feel confident and calm in front of state control bodies. With a wise solution of all issues, you can count on the success of the business you have begun and make the parking lot very popular with motorists.
To implement the idea of opening your own car park, you will need: | | | Bollards | Mirrors, spherical and domed | Speed bumps | Corner dampers and column protection | Posts | Signal cones | Barriers, mechanical | Wheel chippers and depiniators | Road signs| Traffic lights and signal lights | Road blocks and dividing buffers | Fences | Sheds guard pavilions | Bicycle parking | Long range identification | Curb ramps | Loudspeaker | Video surveillance | Security
parking
According to paragraph 21 of Article 1 of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation, a parking lot (parking space) is a specially designated and, if necessary, equipped and equipped place, which is, among other things, part of the highway and (or) adjacent to the carriageway and (or) sidewalk, roadside, overpass or a bridge, or being a part of under-bridge or under-bridge spaces, squares and other objects road network and intended for organized parking of vehicles on a paid basis or without charging a fee by decision of the owner or other owner of the highway, the owner of the land plot.
Absolutely the same definition of parking is given in clause 1.2 of the Rules of the Road, approved by the Decree of the Council of Ministers - the Government of the Russian Federation of 10.23.1993. No. 1090.
Parking
According to paragraph 2 of the Rules for the provision of parking services, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 11/17/2001. No. 795, a parking lot is a building, structure (part of a building, structure) or a special open area intended for the storage of motor vehicles.
What is the difference between parking and parking
From the analysis of the above concepts, it follows that parking is part of the highway, under-passage or bridge spaces, squares and other objects of the road network, serves as an element of their improvement and performs an auxiliary role in the organized parking of vehicles.
Unlike parking, a car park is a separate area (open area, building, structure, part of a building or structure) specially designed for the storage of motor vehicles.
To determine whether the parking lot is a parking lot or a parking lot, attention should be paid to: the purpose of the site, building, structure, part of a building or structure; isolation of the object; independence; belonging to other objects of the street and road network, buildings, structures, structures; the presence of a fence; designation on the ground; availability of equipment; the presence of protection of the territory; availability of organization of entry and exit of vehicles and their accounting, etc.