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Fragments of the text of the post: ...how the system works start stop An analysis of the mode of operation of cars suggests that up to 30 percent of the time the car engine in urban conditions is idling, that is, the car is standing and not moving ... ... The system was called a function start stop start stop... ...Initially, the system was developed for hybrid cars, but today the leading automakers are already producing conventional cars equipped with the function start stop ... ... It is predicted that by 2015 the function start stop already half of the cars produced will be equipped ... ...The idea behind the development of the system start stop It is concluded that when the car stops, the engine turns off by itself, and if the brake pedal is released or the clutch pedal is pressed, the engine will immediately start by itself ... ...Function start stop will only turn on when battery will be charged... ... Therefore, you can not be afraid that battery will be completely destroyed... ...In vehicles equipped with start stop increasing role of the battery... ...For vehicles equipped with start stop Special batteries have been developed that are capable of operating in the mode of frequent returns of high currents ... More:
Driving in big city has its own characteristics. Perhaps the most unpleasant of them is standing in traffic jams, sometimes very, very long. Sometimes you stand, you stand, then you drive, it’s good if a kilometer, and again ...
But apart from nervous system, such a turtle crawl from one cork to another significantly hits the wallet. While the engine is running idling, fuel, and with it money, are spent.
To eliminate such pressure on the wallet, many cars are equipped with a START-STOP system controlled by on-board computer car. If the duration of the car stop exceeds a certain pre-set control time, the engine is automatically turned off, and if it is necessary to continue driving, it is started by simply pressing the gas pedal. Thus, standing in traffic jams practically does not make the engine idle and gives a hefty savings in fuel and money that you would have spent on it.
But, as with any useful innovation, the benefits and advantages of the START-STOP system do not come easy. When using the START-STOP system, your vehicle's battery is subjected to a very high load. An increase in the frequency of engine starts leads to a discharge of the battery, and a short time of operation of the engine (and hence the generator) does not allow the battery to be fully charged. Therefore, with the introduction of the START-STOP system, an appropriate battery was required for a car equipped with this system.
The new battery for a vehicle with START-STOP system is based on the design of AGM (Absorbent Glass Mat) batteries. In AGM batteries, the electrolyte is in a gel state and impregnates special fiberglass bags in which each battery plate is packed. AGM batteries are distinguished by very high starting currents, and up to a complete discharge they maintain a uniform starting current, which facilitates their use with the START-STOP system. However, the use of automotive batteries manufactured using AGM technology for the START-STOP system is somewhat limited by the fact that fast charging is not one of their advantages.
Therefore, EFB (Enhanced Flooded Battery) batteries were created specifically for use with the START-STOP system. Like the AGM car battery, the EFB battery plates are packed in microfiber envelopes, but the electrolyte that soaks them is liquid, not gel. To further improve the properties of the EFB battery, its plates are alloyed with silver. With the same high starting current as AGM batteries, EFB batteries accept charge faster. This makes such batteries almost ideal for a car equipped with a START-STOP system.
In principle, batteries for cars manufactured using AGM and EFB technologies have more in common than differences. We also note that the prices for AGM and EFB batteries are approximately the same. However, one very important rule should be remembered: if an EFB battery is installed in the factory equipment of your car, then it can be replaced either with the same one or, if necessary, with an AGM battery. But if an AGM battery was installed in your car at the factory, then you should only change it to an AGM battery.
So, we hope that our article helped you understand the advantages and features of the START-STOP system, as well as figure out which type of battery to choose for a car. Good luck with your trips!
Experienced drivers who have already managed to drive cars that are equipped with it are well aware of what the start-stop system is, but in Russia there are still a minority of them. It was invented and implemented in the design Vehicle a long time ago, back in the 80s of the last century, but in our country it is still a rarity. Analysts automotive market claim that by the end of 2017, almost all modern cars coming off the assembly line will be equipped with it. Therefore, to be aware of what it is for, how it is arranged and functions, what are its pros and cons, it is time to find out for everyone who gets behind the wheel at least from time to time.
According to statistics, approximately 30% of the operating time of the engine of any modern car falls on idling. This means that during the third part of its "life" it simply burns fuel, and does not serve to move the car in space. Accordingly, the unit wastes fuel in vain, and, moreover, pollutes the environment with exhaust gases. Therefore, the engineers who developed the start-stop system set themselves three main tasks:
- Reduce fuel consumption;
- Reduce emissions into the atmosphere;
- Reduce the noise level emitted by cars.
As a result, they managed to make it so that if the power unit produces useful work (that is, it moves the car), then it functions, and if it does not, it turns off. At the same time, the transition from one state to another occurs almost automatically: the engine stalls according to signals received from special sensors, and starts when the driver either presses the clutch pedal (in cars with manual transmission) or releases the brake pedal (in cars with automatic transmission).
It is interesting that initially the start-stop system was equipped almost exclusively with hybrid engines. After she demonstrated in practice her really high efficiency, they began to install her on "ordinary" cars.
How the start-stop system works
Structurally, the start-stop system consists of two main parts:
- Engine start and stop control systems;
- A device that allows you to quickly start the engine.
It should be noted that quick launch engine can be provided in several ways. To do this, in various versions of the start-stop system, the following is used:
- High power starter;
- Starter-generator (reversible generator);
- Direct injection system fuel mixture into the cylinders with its ignition.
Systems based on a reinforced starter are considered the simplest in design and at the same time very effective. It was developed by the well-known company Bosch, it is equipped with cars of such famous brands like Volkswagen, BMW and Audi. The starter, which is its core, has a long service life and increased power, as well as a low-noise mechanism. Control signals come to it from a special actuator, which, in turn, is connected to the control unit and input sensors.
The start-stop system based on a reversible generator was developed by Valeo, and it is used on Mercedes and Citroen cars. Their manufacturers claim that thanks to such a system, it is possible to save about 10% of fuel. A reversible generator is an electrical device that can act as both a generator and a starter. The advantage of using it instead of a reinforced starter is a shorter engine start time and almost complete noiselessness of operation.
The start-stop system with direct fuel injection is an innovative development Mazda. An important point its functioning is that when the engine is stopped, the pistons “freeze” in the cylinders in a position that is most favorable for the next start. This system is equipped only with those power units that are equipped with direct fuel injection.
Pros and cons of the start-stop system
Experts note that the start-stop system has both its advantages and disadvantages. The advantages, first of all, include the fact that it really contributes to significant fuel savings. In addition, it reduces the amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere, and the noise level emitted by the car becomes significantly less.
As for the minuses, the most serious of them is the increased load on the starter and battery (it is from it that all on-board devices of the car are powered when the engine is turned off). In addition, many drivers, in their own words, experience moral discomfort when the engine does not make a sound when standing in a traffic jam for a long time. However, the last problem is easily solved: in most car models, you can turn off the start-stop system using a special button.
Many of you have heard of a system called Start-stop (start-stop) and, of course, everyone at least once wondered what kind of system this is and what role it plays in my (or someone else's) car. Today I want to answer all questions and tell you what the Start-stop system is, about its main functions, and also about how it is so useful for you, your car and the environment.
So let's go in order...
The start-stop system was invented to:
- Reduce the amount of harmful CO emissions into the atmosphere.
- and, of course, money.
- Reduce the amount of noise emitted by the car, by reducing the time the internal combustion engine is idling.
In the era of environmental disasters and global warming, ecologists and extras have begun to pay attention to small things, which are actually quite large sources of atmospheric pollution. So, once a study was carried out, as a result of which it turned out that about 30% of the total time of operation of the vehicle, it operates at idle. I don’t think it’s worth explaining where these 30% come from, every motorist knows how much every day you have to stand idle with the engine running at traffic lights, in traffic jams during rush hour, etc.
Therefore, the appearance start-stop systems is a logical solution to the above problem. More recently, Start-stop was installed exclusively on hybrid models, but as practice has shown, cars with classic engines running on heavy fuel or traditional gasoline need it no less. Experts predict that in the next 2015, about 50% of all cars produced in the world will be equipped with a start-stop system.
We talked about the history of occurrence and numbers, now let's figure it out, what is start-stop system and how it works.
And the principle of operation of the Start-stop system is ridiculously simple and banal - you drive the engine running, it stops, the engine stalls. In this case, starting the engine after it has stopped, for example, at a traffic light, is carried out automatically when the brake pedal is released at , or when the clutch pedal is pressed at .
What is the start-stop system? The system includes:
- Special control system.
- A device that provides timely multiple start.
There are several principles for implementing the function of stopping and starting the engine, among them:
- Starting with reinforced .
- With the help of fuel injection into the cylinders and subsequent ignition of the mixture.
- By means of a reverse (starter-generator).
The simplest and at the same time most reliable from a constructive point of view is considered to be the system Stop&Start from the world famous company Bosch. It was the development of this company that became the prototype for all systems of this class, in addition, the name of the system "glued" to all analogues produced by other companies. This story is reminiscent of the story of Webasto (the name of the company that invented the first preheating engine, as a result, now whoever produces such a mechanism is popularly called Webasto). The Bosch Start-Stop system aggregates cars of the most famous companies in the world: Audi, BMW and others. According to research data, fuel consumption after using this installation has significantly decreased, and the percentage of harmful CO emissions was less than 8%.
This system is based on a special starter, which is designed for a huge number of engine starts and a much longer service life compared to conventional starters. The starter uses an almost silent drive mechanism, which guarantees an instant quiet start of the motor.
The Start-stop system is capable of performing:
- Starting the motor.
- His stop.
- And also to control the charge of the battery (battery).
The start-stop system is based on:
- Control block.
- input sensors.
- executive devices.
The input sensors are: the clutch pedal position sensor (or the brake pedal in the case of automatic transmission), the crankshaft speed sensor, the battery sensor, as well as several other less important sensors of the internal combustion engine control system.
The system does not have a separate electronic unit; instead, an ECU (electronic engine control unit) is used, in which the corresponding software is embedded.
Actuators include:
- Starter.
- injection systems.
- ignition systems.
How does the start-stop system work?
How the Start&Stop system works is built in such a way that in the event of a complete stop of the car at a traffic light or in a traffic jam, the "smart" system, guided by certain algorithms and data received from the speed sensor crankshaft, stops the engine. At this time, the power supply of electrical consumers (radio tape recorder, air conditioner, etc.) is switched to the battery. When the clutch pedal is depressed (or the brake pedal is released in the case of automatic transmissions), the system automatically activates the starter, which instantly starts the engine. The number of cycles is unlimited and can be repeated indefinitely.
If , the corresponding sensor will notify the system, which will shut down the system. The start-stop system will be switched on again after the battery charging sensor reports that there is enough power in the battery for the system to function properly. Besides. the driver himself can forcefully turn off this system in manual mode; for this, the manufacturer provides a special button, which is located on the instrument panel.
Kia Motors has its own Start-Stop system with a similar design, it is called - ISG (Idle Stop&Go). The main difference of this system is the ability to manage in a special way car generator. The ISG system is able to turn off the generator during peak engine loads, this is done in order to relieve the load and thereby save fuel consumption. Conversely, when the driver presses the brake pedal and the engine does not need power, the ISG turns on the generator and recharges the battery. If the battery charge drops below 75%, the system will switch itself off.
Another equally successful system - STARS (Starter Alternator Reversible System) from Valeo, uses a reversible generator to save fuel. Cars of such companies as Mercedes and Citroen are equipped with this system, thanks to it, car owners manage to achieve more than 10% fuel savings.
What is a reversible generator? Roughly speaking, this is an AC electric machine capable of alternating (changing) its work, performing, depending on the need, either the generator function or the starter function. The operation of this starter-generator is designed in such a way that it, with the help of a special drive belt and a reversible tensioner, can transmit force in two different directions. The reversible generator works quietly and has a much shorter start-up time - 0.4 seconds, for comparison, for a simple starter, this time is 0.8 seconds.
Unlike the "Bosovskaya" control system STARS carried out by a separate computer that interacts with electronic unit ICE control. Everything else - input sensors and other parts are almost identical to the system Start-stop from Bosch.
A new word among this kind of systems can be considered a relatively young system that uses regenerative braking, thereby forming an additional source of energy that reduces fuel consumption. The battery is charged while the car is braking.
SISS (Smart Idle Stop System)- a personal development of Mazda, which successfully competes with other start-stop systems. Here, the engine is started by injecting fuel into the cylinders and then igniting it. This installation is aggregated mainly petrol units, in which the function of direct fuel injection is implemented.
In order to ensure optimal operation of the SISS system, the pistons in the engine cylinders stop in a certain position, which is most optimal for the subsequent start of the engine. When starting, a certain part of the fuel is supplied to the cylinders, then it ignites and the engine starts again. To help the engine start for a short time, the starter is turned on. This technology saves about 9% of fuel, the disadvantage is that the system works exclusively with automatic transmissions.
Also read:
» What is the Start-Stop system?
Start-stop system in a car
Special calculations were carried out with studies in which it was found that the engine of any car, at idle, for example, when stopping in city traffic jams and before traffic lights, consumes about 30% of the fuel of the total consumption. One third of a completely filled gas tank flies uselessly into exhaust pipe and significantly pollute the environment.
Once the problem is defined, it must be solved in the age of electronics, this is quite achievable. To reduce waste, a start-stop control system was invented that controls the operation of the engine when the car is stationary.
Initially, the start-stop system was intended and installed only on hybrid vehicles with electric and gasoline engines. Now it is beginning to be equipped with an increasing number regular cars mobiles.
The developers believe that in a few years the start-stop system will be implemented on most of the newly produced cars, and in some ten years it will be installed on almost all, even old cars.
Operation of the start-stop system
The principle of control is very simple. If the car is stopped, the engine is immediately turned off, the stop system. On vehicles with manual transmission control, when applying light pressure on the clutch pedal, and when automatic box, when the brake pedal is released, it starts up again, the start system is activated. This allows the car to stand quietly for an arbitrarily long time at forced stops not consuming fuel.
The use of such a design when driving in a large city showed a very significant fuel economy, and when calculating on a massive scale, it is even difficult to imagine its advantages. No existing system of economy, even approximately, can compare with it.
The start-stop system consists of two main components:
- electronic tracking unit;
- significantly improved launch system.
The start-stop control unit is quite serious, it integrates and takes into account the operation of many engine systems. For example, if the engine has not yet warmed up in winter conditions or there are other significant problems, the driver forgot to fasten his seat belt - the device will not work. Thus, the "smart" manager will not turn off the engine if it is harmful in this situation.
The history of creation, and the use of the start-stop system today
This device of the start-stop system was born in Japan, and was first tested on some Toyota cars in the 80s of the twentieth century. Ten years later, it was installed on Fiats and Volkswagens. Since the beginning of the new century, they continue to improve and put on an increasing number of cars, such as BMW, Audi, Renault, Citroen, Peugeot and many other famous brands.
Adding recuperation for "start-stop"
With the next refinement of the start-stop system, we decided to remove the load from power unit thus reducing energy consumption. The generator turns off and on when the car brakes or the battery capacity drops below 75%.
The use of the start-stop system made it possible to reduce fuel consumption for the middle class of cars to almost 3-5 liters. per 100 kilometers.
However, the “smart” and advanced “start-stop” system in all conditions cannot take into account all the circumstances of the state of the car and driving in extremely difficult city conditions. In the event of unforeseen situations, the driver has the ability to instantly disable it by simply pressing a button.
Noted shortcomings of the start-stop system
Serious innovations are always significant in price, and only in this regard are considered two shortcomings in the design of the start-stop system.
- The first is the presence of an expensive, specially designed starter capable of very frequent and instantaneous starting of the engine. When it breaks, repair and even more replacement is very expensive.
- The second is similar, this is what is needed for such machines accumulator battery, much larger capacity than conventional cars. It works in very complex modes of constant discharge of charging. The cost of replacing the battery also flies into a significant amount.
If we take into account the price of gasoline and the constant increase in its cost, then the money saved in this way will cover the above costs many times over, in the case of complete replacement starter or battery.
At present, rather strict requirements are imposed on all automakers as part of a global project to maintain environmental protection. In this regard, engineers are simply forced to prevent some new developments from demonstrating what is inherent in them in full, practically, consciously lowering technical capabilities some power units and other components of the car, although, at times, this causes financial damage to automotive companies.
In addition, a company has been set up to develop special additional devices and systems designed to reduce fuel costs in cars and make the emission of harmful waste products into the atmosphere as low as possible. It is worth agreeing that the task is not an easy one, and even against the general background of the highest competition “reigning” in the global automotive market.
One of the mentioned auxiliary systems was called start-stop, literally due to the algorithm of its functioning. This option is intended to automatic shutdown the power unit of the car when it is completely stopped, with subsequent automatic switching on according to a certain signal programmed in the ECU.
For example, if a car moves with frequent stops in a metropolis, with its constant traffic jams. It is at such moments that the start-stop system comes into action. The system turns off the engine of a stopped car, and after the driver presses the accelerator pedal, which will serve as a signal to resume movement, it starts again. This signal may be associated with another module, depending on the design and model of the vehicle.
Naturally, an increase in the number of launches power plant not only reduces the working life of the internal combustion engine, but also requires a powerful battery and a reliable starter in the car. Although, there are start-stop systems that start the engine from a generator. The system is electronic, fully automated, and is based on the operation of numerous sensors installed in all “strategic” units and assemblies of the vehicle. They send impulses to the ECU, which manages the entire program.
Today there are ambivalent opinions about the advisability of using this start-stop system. On the one hand, it allows you to save fuel, on the other hand, it exposes the internal combustion engine to unnecessary wear. Many automotive companies they are mounted in start-stop cars during their production, but if the system is not included in the package, it can always be installed from third-party manufacturers, only, the question is, is it necessary to do this?
According to experts, the projected savings do not exceed 10%, this is at best. Comparing the cost of gasoline with the cost of acquiring and installing this option, you come to the following conclusion: installation of the start-stop system justifies itself if the car is almost constantly operated in traffic conditions in a large city loaded with transport. Otherwise, there is simply no need for this system, and any driver can turn off the engine at the right time on their own. Although, someone else may have a different opinion ....
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