UAZ loaf steering malfunctions. Steering

Utility vehicles UAZ-3741, UAZ-3962, UAZ-3909, UAZ-2206, UAZ-3303 consists in periodically tightening the bolts of the crankcase to the bracket, checking the fastening of the tie rod pins, fastening the bipod, fastening the steering knuckle lever, checking the free play of the steering wheel , adjusting the steering gear, timely lubrication of the steering rod joints and, if necessary, oil in the steering gear housing.

During the operation of the car, it is necessary to periodically check the tightening of the nuts of the tips and lock nuts and prevent the appearance of gaps in the conical joints of the levers and fingers. When a gap appears in the hinge, it is necessary to wrap its plug up to the stop, and then unscrew it 1/2 turn and in this position tighten it again. The first tightening of the steering gear housing fastening should be carried out after 500 kilometers of the vehicle run, and then after one maintenance.

When servicing a steering column with a cardan joint, it is necessary to pay attention to the state of fastening of the bearings in the forks of the steering joint. If a radial clearance appears in the hinge, the axial movement of the cross in the bearings, make additional punching of the bearings in the fork ears, after removing the steering column.

Drilling should be carried out in such a way as to prevent the bearing cup from collapsing. The cross bearing contains Litol-24 grease; during assembly at the factory and during operation, it is not required to add it. In the crankcase of the steering mechanism, oils TSp-15K, TAP-15V, TAD-17I are used, and in the cold season - TSp-10, or these oils.

The steering mechanism must be adjusted to eliminate the gaps that appear when the working pair of the worm-roller is run in and worn out during the operation of the vehicle. The condition of the steering mechanism is considered normal and does not require adjustment if the free play of the steering wheel in the straight ahead position does not exceed 10 degrees with a force on the dynamometer of 7.35 N (0.75 kgf), which corresponds to 40 mm when measured on the wheel rim.

If the free play of the steering wheel is more than specified, then before proceeding with the adjustment of the steering mechanism, it is necessary to make sure that the crankcase mounting bolts are tightened securely and that there are no gaps in the drive hinges.

The tightening of the steering gear worm bearings is adjusted using gaskets installed between the crankcase and the lower cover of the steering gear housing, in the following sequence:

1. Remove the steering gear from the vehicle. Drain oil from crankcase. Clamp the steering mechanism in a vise.
2. Loosen the cap nut and remove the lock washer from the mesh gap adjusting screw.
3. To turn away bolts of fastening of a lateral cover of a crankcase. Remove the bipod shaft together with the cover with light blows of a copper or aluminum drift on the end of the shaft and carefully remove the gasket.
4. To turn away bolts of fastening of the bottom cover of a crankcase and to remove the bottom cover. Carefully separate and remove the thin paper liner.
5. Replace the bottom cover, tighten the bolts and check the axial movement of the worm.

6. If axial movement remains, then remove the bottom cover again, remove the thick gasket, and install the previously removed thin one in its place. Do not remove more than one gasket.
7. Turn the worm to finally check the tightness of the bearings. With the correct tightening of the worm roller bearings, the force required to rotate the steering wheel should be 0.22-0.45 kgf, which corresponds to the torque of the worm turning force 4.67-9.56 kgfcm, without the bipod shaft.

Adjustment of the engagement of the roller with the worm of the steering gear UAZ-3741, UAZ-3962, UAZ-3909, UAZ-2206, UAZ-3303.

The engagement of the roller with the worm can be adjusted without removing the steering gear from the vehicle in the following sequence:

1. Set the steering wheel to the position corresponding to the movement of the car in a straight line. Disconnect the tie rod from the bipod. Loosen the cap nut and remove the lock
pin washer.

2. Turn the engagement gap adjusting screw clockwise to eliminate the engagement gap. Put on the lock washer. If the hole in the washer does not line up with the pin, turn the adjusting screw so that the hole in the washer lines up with the pin. Screw the cap nut onto the adjusting screw and shaking the steering arm by hand, check if there is any clearance in the engagement.

3. Check the force required to turn the steering wheel. The steering wheel should turn freely from the middle position, corresponding to the movement in a straight line, with a force of 0.9-1.6 kgf applied to the steering wheel. To check the force, in the absence of a special device, you can use a dynamometer. Connect bipod with traction.

Possible malfunctions of the steering UAZ-3741, UAZ-3962, UAZ-3909, UAZ-2206, UAZ-3303.

Increased free play of the steering wheel, more than 10 degrees.

— Backlash in the swivel joints of the steering rods.
— Loose fastening of the steering knuckle lever.
- The ball pin cones are not tightened.
- Wear or misalignment of the worm and roller.
- Wear or misadjustment of the tightening of the worm bearings.
- Loosening the bipod mounting nut.
- Loosening the bolts securing the steering gear housing to the side member.

Axial movement of the steering wheel on the shaft or axial movement of the steering gear worm felt on the steering wheel.

- Weak tightening of the steering wheel nut.
— Weak tightening of the coupling bolts of the steering shaft hinge.
- Violation of the adjustment of the tightening of the worm bearings.
- Wear of the bearing or cones of the worm.

Self-excited angular oscillation of the front wheels.

- Incorrect (low) tire pressure.
— Incorrect setting of the angles of the front wheels.
- The clearance of the front wheel bearings is broken.
- The adjustment of the gap in the meshing of the worm and the roller is broken.

Radial movement of the steering shaft, felt on the steering wheel.

- Destruction or wear of the bearing in the steering column.
- Incorrect position of the expansion sleeve in the bearing as a result of overtightening the fastening of the column to the bracket or the exit of the retaining rings of the bearings from the grooves.

Seizure in the steering mechanism.

- Incorrectly adjusted side clearance in the engagement of the worm with the roller or the tightening of the worm bearings.
- Large wear of the roller or worm.
- Lack of lubrication.

Rice. 90. Steering gear UAZ-469 (steering wheel):
1 - steering gear housing; 2 - bushing; 3 - stuffing box; 4- bipod: 5 - puck; 6 - nut; 7 - stuffing box; 8 and 14 - worm bearings; 9 - cork; 10 - shaft of the steering UAZ-469 mechanism; 11 - worm; 12 - lower crankcase cover; 13 - gaskets; 15 - roller axis; 16 - bipod shaft roller; 17 - bipod shaft with roller and bearing; 18 - crankcase mounting bolts; 19 - hinge; 20 - retaining ring; 21 - protective washer; 22 - spring; 23 - spacer sleeve; 24 - bearings; 25 - horn wire; 26 - contact sleeve; 27 - screw; 28 and 29 - plastic bushings; 30 - steering wheel; 31 - rudder ox; 32 - adjusting screw; 33 - cap nut; 34 - lock washer; 35 - pin; 36 - weaving shaft bearing; 37 - side cover of the crankcase; 38 - gasket; 39 - bushing.

The worm shaft of the steering mechanism (UAZ 469 steering wheel) is connected to the steering control shaft of the UAZ-469 by a hinge 19 with a cross on needle bearings. In the forks, the bearings are fixed by reaming the edge of the mounting hole.

Rice. 91. Steering trapezoid linkage UAZ-469:
1 - plug; 2 - spring; 3 - heel; 4 - insert: 5 - lower spherical washer; 6 - upper spherical washer; 7 - spring cap; 8 - finger; 9 - cotter pin; 10 - nut; 11 - protective ring: 12 - cracker; 13 - tip; 14 - nut; 15 - thrust of the steering trapezoid.

The control shaft of the steering UAZ-469 rotates in the column tube on two ball bearings 24. The axial movement of the shaft is compensated by the spring 22 installed between the spacer sleeve 23 of the lower bearing and the protective washer 21.
The protective washer and spacer sleeve of the upper bearing are held on the shaft by circlips 20 installed in the undercuts of the shaft.
A contact bushing 26 is installed in the upper part of the steering column, to which the sound signal wire 25 is attached with a screw. The screw and the contact bushing are isolated from the "mass" by plastic bushings 28 and 29.
The steering column is attached to the bulkhead guard and instrument panel with a stepladder and a rubber bushing.
k.s. steering UAZ 469, steering wheel.

Rice. 92. Tie rod UAZ-469B:
1 - nut with left-hand thread; 2 - adjusting fitting; 3 - nut with right-hand thread; 4 - tip.

The presence of a bend in the horizontal plane on the rod car UAZ-469 B does not allow wheel alignment to be adjusted by rotating the rod itself.
Therefore, between the right tip and the rod there is a special adjusting fitting 2 with an internal right and external left thread, by turning which you can adjust the wheel alignment.
On a UAZ-469 car, the trapezoid rod is straight with tips screwed into it with right and left threads. Adjust the toe-in of the wheels by rotating the rod itself.
Maintenance of the steering consists in periodically tightening the bolts of the steering gear housing to the frame, checking the fastening of the steering rod pins, mounting the bipod, fastening the steering knuckle lever, checking the free play of the steering wheel, adjusting the steering gear, timely lubrication of the steering rod joints and adding oil to the crankcase steering mechanism.
Periodically check the tightness of the lock nuts of the tie rod ends and avoid the appearance of play in the conical joints of the levers and pins.
Perform the first tightening of the steering housing mount after 500 km of the vehicle’s run, then at each TO-2.
When servicing the car, pay attention to the condition of the mounting of the bearings in the forks of the steering joint:
If a knock occurs in the steering column, it is necessary to loosen the nuts of the stepladder of its fastening, tighten the column up and check the condition of the rubber bushing. The tightening torque of the ladder nuts should be no more than 0.2 ... 0.3 kgf m. If after that the knock is not eliminated, it is necessary to remove the steering wheel and check for the presence of retaining rings of the expanding bushings in the grooves of the shaft. The appearance of a knock in the column is also affected by the weakening of the fastening of the body to the frame.
If a radial play appears in the hinge (axial movement of the cross in the bearings), perform an additional centering of the bearings in the fork ears. Carry out the punching in such a way as to prevent the bearing cup from collapsing.
The bearings of the cross are filled with Litol-24 grease during assembly at the factory and it is not required to add it in operation.

Reading 5 min.

Steering gear - it is this mechanism that has been helping drivers turn the steering wheel for more than a decade, you can say he is the father of the power steering.

There is a mechanism in the car that was invented at the very beginning of the automotive industry - this. The main purpose of this mechanism is the same as that of the well-known power steering, namely, to help the driver turn the steering wheel, compensating for the resistance of the wheels. In other words, if the car did not have this important device, with each turn of the steering wheel, the driver would have to make quite a lot of effort.

This mechanism is made as a separate unit of the steering system. It consists either of gears, or is presented in the form of a worm shaft.

The mechanism of operation and the device of the gearbox

This text will be devoted to the general principle of operation of the gearbox, and the analysis of this mechanism using a specific example, namely on the famous UAZ 469 car or, as it is also called, the “loaf”.

To begin with, the vast majority, if not all, of gearboxes are made from solid cast iron and welded with steel. The use of these materials gives the necessary parameters of rigidity and strength to this mechanism, due to the specifics of its device. Under the soldered cast iron are fairly simple transmission elements: gears, shafts, bearings, belts, gears, etc. Complete sets are also possible, in which the location of the lubricating element inside the mechanism is provided. This allows you to lubricate the gears and bearings inside the UAZ Loaf gearbox.

Today, many different configurations are known in which the steering gear is made, but the worm gear mechanism remains the most common.

It is included in the package of absolutely all modern cars with a gearbox system on the steering wheel, including the UAZ 469 (loaf). These systems involve the transmission of torque using a worm gear, consisting mainly of a special worm screw and a toothed worm wheel.

The so-called "worm" installed in the UAZ 469 gearbox is made as a cast part from the strongest alloy. Outwardly, it looks like the core in the well-known meat grinder, speaking in terms, the thread on the worm is made in a trapezoidal shape. As for the worm wheel, it is not much different from the usual gear, but the thread on this element is made especially carefully and is literally jewelerly adjusted to the shape of the worm thread.

Gears for gearboxes of such power as in the UAZ 469 loaf are made of durable materials, usually either cast iron, which does not tear under great effort, or a strong steel alloy, the core is made of them. The teeth are made of special anti-friction materials of increased strength. Worm gear is most effective in machines where high torque is expected combined with low angular velocity.

Advantages and disadvantages of the steering gear

The advantages that the UAZ 469 gearbox has include four factors:

1. Self-braking;
2. High ratio ratio, despite the fact that only two parts are used;
3. Quite a small level of noise generated during the operation of the mechanism;
4. Smooth move.

Also, a significant advantage of a worm-type gearbox, when compared with a gear one, is that the contact between the links is carried out along the entire length of the line, and not at one point, like a gear one. Also a huge plus is the compactness of the worm gear, despite the fact that the gear ratio is identical for both systems.

As for the cons, they are quite significant:

1. Such a gearbox has a high level of wear;
2. It generates a large amount of heat, due to the large friction force of the parts;
3. The mechanism jams quite often;
4. It also produces a relatively low efficiency.

In order for the mechanism to jam less and wear out less, it must be constantly adjusted, looked after, and all the nuances must be observed during assembly. However, in this case, it will not be possible to completely get rid of the shortcomings, even if we take into account the newer UAZ Patriot car.

The nuances of repair and wear of the gearbox

In our life, nothing is forever, no matter how sad it may sound. Any, even the most reliable mechanism fails, breaks down and it’s good if after that it needs to be repaired. The worm gearbox installed on the UAZ loaf or Patriot is no exception.

The most common nuisance faced by car owners with this steering mechanism is gearbox leakage. It can leak for two reasons:

• Input shaft corrosion;
• Seal leakage.

In both cases, the main symptom of the “illness” is a little leak, which can be found directly under your UAZ 469 loaf. But the complexity of the repair will be different. In the first case, you will have to grind the shaft and carry out the thermal spraying operation. The second problem is easier to solve, you just have to change the gaskets and cuffs on the stuffing box, the old ones can just be thrown away.

Another problem in the gearboxes on the UAZ loaf and Patriot is the feeling that the steering wheel has become hard to turn. In this case, you will have to visit the nearest service station, where they measure the level of effort applied when turning the steering wheel, and they will give a verdict. It is better not to carry out repairs with your own hands, because you need special equipment and, of course, knowledge.

conclusions

In view of all of the above, we can conclude that the gearbox on the UAZ 469 and the newer Patriot model is a fairly reliable thing and the significance of this mechanism is dictated by years of operation. But, although it deserves respect, the system also has disadvantages that you definitely need to know and take into account.

The steering of cars of the UAZ-452 family consists of a steering mechanism with a steering column and a steering wheel, and a steering gear. The working pair of the steering mechanism is a globoidal worm and a double-ridged roller.

The main characteristics of the steering of cars of the UAZ-452 family.

- Gear ratio of the steering mechanism (average): 20.3
— Diameter in mm:
steering wheel: 425
bipod shaft: 32-0.025, 32-0.050
crankcase bushings (internal) : 32+0.027
finger spheres: 25-0.1

The steering gear worm, pressed onto a hollow shaft, is mounted in the crankcase on two tapered roller bearings. The reliability of the connection of the worm with the shaft is ensured by the key protrusion and the slots of the worm.

The conical surfaces of the ends of the worm are the internal working surfaces of the bearings. Tapered roller bearing preload is adjusted with thin paper shims placed under the lower crankcase cover. The bottom cover is attached to the crankcase with four bolts with spring washers. In the center of the cover, a signal wire tube is hermetically sealed, which goes inside the steering shaft.

The rubber ring, put on the tube of the signal wire, is pressed by a spring through a metal clip to a special recess in the end of the worm, thereby preventing the ingress of grease inside the steering shaft.

At the output of the worm shaft from the crankcase, a cork gland in a metal cage is pressed in. At the end of the shaft on a cone and triangular splines cut on the cylindrical part of the shaft, a steering wheel is installed and secured with a nut. The worm shaft is enclosed in a steering column, the lower end of which is fixed to the crankcase neck with a clamp.

An angular contact ball bearing is installed in the upper part of the steering column. The upper ring of the ball bearing is constantly pressed by a spring through a split sleeve, put on the steering shaft, which prevents the appearance of a gap and knocks in the bearing when driving.

In constant engagement with the worm is a double-ridged roller, which is the outer cage of a double-row ball bearing mounted on an axis in the head of the bipod shaft. The ends of the axle are riveted by electro-riveting. The bipod shaft rotates in two bearings: in a bronze bushing pressed into the crankcase, and in a cylindrical roller bearing installed in the side cover of the crankcase of the steering mechanism.

The shank of the shaft head enters the groove of the adjusting screw screwed into the side cover of the crankcase. The adjusting screw is fixed with a lock washer and a pin pressed into the cover and closed with a cap nut. The side cover is attached to the crankcase with four bolts with spring washers. A sealing paronite gasket is installed between the crankcase and the side cover. At the exit of the bipod shaft from the crankcase, a rubber self-clamping gland is installed.

The gap in the engagement of the roller with the worm is regulated by the axial movement of the bipod shaft with an adjusting screw installed in the side cover of the crankcase. When the shaft moves, the distance between the axes of the roller and the worm changes and the gap in the engagement changes.

Oil is poured into the crankcase of the steering mechanism through the oil filling hole located in the upper part of the crankcase from the side of the side cover, and drained through the oil drain hole located under the neck of the bipod shaft. The steering mechanism is mounted on a special bracket welded to the left side member. The steering gear housing is attached to the frame bracket with five bolts with nuts and spring washers.

Bipod steering gear UAZ-452.

The steering gear bipod is seated at the end of the bipod shaft on small triangular slots cut on the cone of the bipod shaft. The tightness of the bipod is achieved by tightening the bipod fastening nut. Install a spring washer under the nut. The correct installation of the bipod on the shaft is ensured by the presence of four double slots in it and the corresponding double depressions on the shaft.

The rotation of the bipod shaft in both directions is limited by the stop of the roller in the projections of the crankcase, which prevents the roller from disengaging from the worm. On cars of the UAZ-452 family, the bipod shaft has a certain range in terms of the angle of rotation, since the maximum angles of the wheels, determined by the stop of the limiter bolts installed on the steering knuckles, are somewhat less than the angles of rotation of the bipod shaft.

Steering shaft and steering column mount.

The steering shaft in the upper part rests on a ball angular contact bearing located in the steering column tube. A steering wheel with a diameter of 425 mm is attached to the end of the shaft. The steering column is attached to the instruments with the help of a stamped bracket, a stepladder and a rubber bushing that compensates for the movement of the cab (body) while the car is moving.

To compensate for the displacement of the steering column when installing the steering, adjusting shims are installed between the bracket and the rubber bushing, and the holes in the bracket for mounting the ladder are oval.

In addition, the bracket holes for attaching it to the instrument panel are also oval, which allows you to move or rotate the bracket in the desired direction. It is not allowed to tighten the steering column to the bracket when it is fastened, as this will lead to bending of the steering shaft and its inevitable breakage.

Possible malfunctions of the steering of cars of the UAZ-452 family, their causes.

Increased steering wheel free play, over 40 mm when measured at the rim.

- Increased gaps in the termination of the ends of the suspension springs.
- Increased clearances in the swivel joints of the steering rods.
— Loose fastening of the steering knuckle levers.
- The ball pin cones are not tightened.
- Wear or misadjustment of the engagement of the worm and roller.
- Wear or misadjustment of the tightening of the worm bearings.
- Weak tightening of the bipod mounting nut.
- Loosening the bolts securing the crankcase to the bracket of the frame side member.

Axial movement of the worm, felt on the steering wheel.

- Violation of the adjustment of the tightening of the worm bearings.
- Worn bearings or worm cones.

Axial movement of the steering wheel on the shaft.

- Weak tightening of the steering wheel nut.

The radial movement of the steering shaft is felt on the steering wheel.

- Destruction or wear of the bearing in the steering column.
- Loosening of the steering column bracket to the instrument panel or the nuts of the steering column ladder.

Seizure in the steering mechanism.

- Incorrect adjustment of the side clearance in the engagement of the worm and roller or tightening of the worm bearings.
- Large wear of the roller or worm.

Squeaks or clicks in the steering mechanism.

- Lack of lubrication.
- Destruction of the working surfaces of the roller or worm.

Oil leak from the crankcase of the steering mechanism.

- Wear of the bipod shaft seal or damage to its working edge during assembly, by the sharp ends of the splines of the bipod shaft.

Creak at the top of the steering column.

- Lack of lubrication in the steering column bearing.
— Loosening of the steering column bracket to the instrument panel.

Rough rotation of the steering mechanism.

— Skewed steering column.