Each car has its own official name. However, it often happens that one more, or even several new names stick to the car over time. These names come from the people, from the motorists themselves, who certainly know how to properly name a car so that the whole essence of the car is conveyed in one word. In this review, a story about 10 cars, the names of which were given by Soviet drivers.
1. Izh-2715, nicknamed "Heel"
Car "Moskvich" from the Izhevsk plant. By the way, it was in Izhevsk that commercial models 408 and 412 "Moskvich" were assembled. As for the Izh-2715 car, it bore many names, including "Pie", "Cheburashka", "Margarine" and even "Masquerade". Another name was "Box on the top five", but later it was almost forgotten.
2. Izh-2126, nicknamed "Orbit"
Self car Izhevsk plant, which was developed and put into production, without the use of AZLK technologies. The car was rolled off the assembly line in 1990. In the people, the car quickly received the name on new way- Orbit.
3. Gaz-24, nicknamed "Member Carrier"
The car is famous, literally the second Volga! The car received a bunch of different names, including: "Brick", "Tank", "Lando", "Barge" and "Schalanda". The car, by the way, received the last names for the softness of the ride, as it was literally ardent along the highway, but at the same time it rolled heavily and leaned over corners. However, the late reincarnation of the car - the GAZ-3110, received the unenviable nickname "Push-Pull".
4. KAMAZ, nicknamed "Tatar"
These wonderful cars are made at the Kama Automobile Plant, hence the name. A significant part of these off-road trucks was produced for the needs of the Soviet army. The first batch of cars was released in January 1981. The name "Tatarin" stuck because the plant is located in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny, and this is one of the largest cities in Tatarstan.
5. VAZ-2106, nicknamed "Six"
It is not difficult to guess that most often the names of VAZs came from the model number. There are also very amusing nicknames tied to the theme of numerals. For example, model 2106 was also called "Shah", "Jackal", "Miner", "Shaitan".
6. VAZ-1111 Oka, nicknamed "Cabin from KAMAZ"
Record holder for the number of funny nicknames among VAZ cars. Whatever it was called. Here we have such names as: "Cig", "Perch", "Mad Stool", "Capsule of death", "Shrimp", "Box", "Starling house", "Miscarriage", "Bag on wheels", "Keychain from BelAZ", as well as the most popular - "20 minutes of shame and you are in the country." Immediately visible people's love and recognition! The car has been produced since 1987.
7. VAZ-2110, nicknamed "Chervonets"
Not soviet car but nonetheless worthy of note. Almost as much people loved this model of the VAZ car. The names were different. It’s worth starting with neutral ones: Chirik, Chervonets, Matryoshka. There were also less pleasant names: "Remnant" and "Pregnant Antelope." It's funny that the same nicknames (albeit with some modifications) were inherited by the descendant of the car - the VAZ-2111, which was also nicknamed the "Slippery Brick".
8. ZAZ-968, nicknamed "Constipation"
Soviet car of a small class of the first group. Produced at the Zaporozhye Automobile Plant from 1971 to 1994. The name of the car is quite different. There was an offensive name "Constipation", and with it the affectionate "Round" and "Cheburashka". Each Zaporozhets model got its own name, for example, ZAZ-965 was nicknamed "Hunchbacked", ZAZ-966 - "Eared", and ZAZ-968 - "Soap Dish".
9. LUAZ-969, nicknamed "Lunokhod"
The car received an unusual name for its unusual design and cross-country ability. The model has been produced since 1966. The people also dubbed the car as "Volynyashka", "Bagpipe", "Volyn War Machine", "Fantomas", "Chicken" and "Jewish Armored Car".
10. RAF-22038, nicknamed "Rafik"
Soviet minibus, which was produced from 1976, right up to 1997. Widely used as a service vehicle. Only Gazelle, which arrived much later, could oust Rafik from the market.
Continuing the topic right away, causing complete disappointment among motorists.
As you already know, in addition to major and minor, there were other modes (see "Medieval modes"). Some of these modes have been used and are used to this day in the works of various peoples. We will consider the main modes of folk music used in this article.
Seven-step modes are quite common in folk music. The sequences of intervals between steps in these modes are different, which distinguishes them from natural major and minor, as well as from each other. Despite this, the basis of these modes is either a major mode or a minor one, so the modes of folk music can be considered as varieties of the major or minor mode.
The seven-step modes of folk music include two varieties of major and two varieties of minor modes. Due to the coincidence of the scales of these modes with the scales of the medieval modes, they were given the names of these medieval modes:
In addition to seven-step modes, five-step modes are also found in folk music. They are called the pentatonic scale, and you are already familiar with it. If you forgot, we recommend that you return to the article
All cars have their own serial numbers, almost all without exception. But not everyone has official names. True, it often happens that these names do not take root and folk nicknames come into play. This applies not only to foreign cars, but also to domestic ones.
The appearance of a nickname for a particular car model is a common thing, most often this happens just because of the lack of a name as such. But the reverse is not uncommon.
And it would be a mistake to believe that nicknames are given only to Soviet models, although USSR auto companies often had problems with naming - cars were produced exclusively with a series and index number.
So, for example, in Germany, the BMW Isetta was called the “coffin-mobile”. In general, this baby had a lot of folk names. Her Soviet counterpart, the SMZ SZA motorized stroller, was forever remembered as "Morgunovka" (from Shurik's Adventures), and her follower, SMZ SZD, was "Invalid".
And judging by these cars, we can really conclude that the models get very characteristic or even funny nicknames. And in the USSR there were enough such machines:
AZLK and IZH
Cars of the Moskvich brand were produced at two factories - AZLK (formerly MZMA) and IZHMASH. Many nicknames are given to cars in consonance with the name of the brand or model, and "Moskvich" is a vivid example of this: the so-called "paznie" (i.e. "late", recent years release) "Muscovites" called "masquerade", "mekan" and even "mustang" - although here we must make a reservation that the modern term "pazny" itself is more usable in relation to "Izham".
The former, very first Muscovites, -400 and -401, bore the popular name "Hottabych", and the Moskvich-412 sedan launched many years later was sometimes called "Barsik". But especially the fantasy of motorists played out just at the end of the Muscovites era - the AZLK-2141 hatchback and its various incarnations were just a storehouse for amateur naming.
The basic model, actually AZLK 2141 Svyatogor, was awarded the titles "Kosmich" (in consonance with "Muscovite") and "Azylk". The export version with the official name of Aleko is "Cripple" and "Banderlog". In addition to the VAZ-2106 engine, a 2-liter Renault engine was installed on Svyatogor, and such a modification was called Renogor. And the extended version of AZLK 2141 Prince Vladimir was called "Long" and "Vovka-carrot". Come on, it seems that the model has an official name, but nicknames still stick to it ... All because they are much more accurate.
The Izhevsk story of Moskvich is a bit simpler, but also worthy of attention. In Izhevsk, commercial versions of the 408s and 412s were assembled, and it was here that a “pool” of folk names in this direction was formed: IZH-2715 - they called the now commonly used nicknames “Heel” and “Pie”, but also less common “Cheburashka”, "Margarine" and, again, "Masquerade", as well as quite mysterious - "Box on the top five". The independent model IZH Orbit, not based on AZLK products, released in 1990, was nicknamed by the people in a new way - "Orbit". By the way, the name Orbit did not take root because the Italian ItalDesign registered the official name Orbit, and the hatchback from Udmurtia eventually became Oda.
GAS
Sometimes you can hear that the Volga and Gazelle are often called simply "Deers" - due to the fact that this animal adorns the emblem of GAZ - but nicknames for Gaz cars began to appear long before the appearance of this very deer. The first and most famous nickname is for the GAZ-AA truck, "Lorry", because its carrying capacity was one and a half tons. Then, much later, there was the GAZ-69 jeep, which became the “Kozlik” due to the army’s extremely rigid suspension, and the GAZ-66 all-terrain vehicle, nicknamed “Shishiga”, which essentially means the same as “kikimora”, however in this case there was a simple consonance with "sixty-six".
Story cars GAZ also abounded with nicknames. So, the seemingly extremely appropriate official name GAZ-20 Pobeda eventually supplemented the popular "Turtle". The first Volga, GAZ-21, was also called not only by name, but also by a nickname - "Tank in a tailcoat."
GAZ-24, the legendary second Volga, went down in history as the "Barge" and "Shaland", because on the move it was soft, as if floating along the highway, but heeled in corners. Well, its later incarnation, the VAZ-3110, received an even less flattering nickname "Pull-Push".
VAZ, LADA
Products of Volzhsky car factory perhaps most of all got from the people's creators - here, of course, there are TAZ (Togliatti Automobile), and the Bucket with the Bucket, and the Brick, and even the Horror in relation to the Zhiguli. These are all more or less common names for "vases", but if you look in detail ... It all started with the VAZ-2101, which in Moscow was immediately nicknamed "Tin Can" - for the thinner body metal compared to Muscovites and Volga. At home, in Tolyatti, where the VAZ-2101 was produced and modernized, it was called "Edinichka" or "Odnerka".
But the now known nickname "Kopeyka" appeared only at the very end of the 20th century, like its derivatives: "Spear" and "Kopendos". It is also known that truckers call this car "Chaplain" - here the consonance with "Kopeyka" is also guessed, but in general it is ... a priest in the army.
It is clear that VAZ cars are characterized by nicknames formed from numerals (according to the serial number of the model), but in addition to simple “two”, “three” (“three”) and others, there are more amusing variations on the same “numeral” theme. VAZ-2106, for example, in addition to the "Six" has the nicknames "Shah", "Miner", "Jackal", "Shamok" and "Shaitan". VAZ-2105 - Piglet and Petrik. And VAZ-2107 - "Semyon" and "Semaphore".
According to the same scheme, with a pedigree of numerals, the nicknames VAZ-2114 (“Four”) and VAZ-2115 (“Fifteen” and “Poltorashka”) are formed, but in general the main nickname of the Samara and Samara-2 families is still “Chisel ”: for the characteristic shape of the body, the VAZ-2108 and VAZ-2109 were so nicknamed immediately after they entered the market. The not-too-personal nickname "Rattle" stuck to all the first VAZ front-wheel drive vehicles, but the VAZ-21099 sedan got its own - "Suitcase" and "Duplet".
But the record holder for the number of nicknames among VAZ models is, of course, the VAZ-1111 Oka: “Cum”, “Perch”, “Mad Stool”, “Death Capsule” (remember the “coffin-mobile” Izetta?), “Shrimp” , “Box”, “Starling house”, “Miscarriage”, “Bag on wheels”, “KAMAZ cab”, “Keychain from BELAZ”, as well as the legendary “20 minutes of shame - and in the country”. Here it is, people's love!
The VAZ-2110 was almost equally loved by the people: in addition to the neutral Chirik, Chervonets and Matryoshka, the Pregnant Antelope and Remnant were in circulation. These nicknames, with some modifications, were inherited by the VAZ-2111 wagon - it was called "Pregnant Cow", "Bar of Soap" and "Slippery Brick". Against this background, the nickname VAZ-2112 - "Cucumber" - looks almost like the official name of the model.
In the case of the VAZ-2120 minivan, the VAZ just decided to stop the vicious practice of naming cars exclusively with numbers and gave the model a proper name - "Hope". In those years, AvtoVAZ painfully survived in primitive capitalism, so the name was in the subject. But it wasn’t there, among the people it was transformed into “Clothes”, “Hopelessness” and “Konstantinovna” - and here double headlights turned out to be in suit, as if reminiscent of N.K. Krupskaya.
In general, with the return of the practice of official naming of models of the Volga Automobile Plant, unofficial naming has not gone away. For example, Kalina is called "Gooseberry", "Hamster", "Horse Meat" and sorry, "Fecalina", and the name of the hatbcheck Lada Xray on the Web, it instantly transformed into a much more phonetically Russian “Khrey”. Against this background, Niva looks interesting - it remains exactly "Niva", and nothing more, even many years after it ceased to be officially called that.
Why were cars given nicknames at all? The simplest answer is cases where the model does not have its own "name", instead of it there are only index numbers. Agree, it’s not very convenient to pronounce VAZ-21013 or GAZ-31105 every time. However, not always the reason is only in the difficult-to-pronounce name of the car. Some "nicknames" were attached to cars for some characteristic features or features.
And we will start with AvtoVAZ, whose products got almost the most. The enterprise itself is popularly called TAZ, because according to the strict logic of Soviet designations, it was supposed to become the Togliatti Automobile Plant. But the dissonance of this abbreviation was immediately understood, and the plant became Volzhsky. But you can’t fool the people, and in accordance with the level of quality, cars originally from Togliatti still became “basins”.
"Zhiguli" was also called "Bricks" for its characteristic shape, "Buckets" (all for the same workmanship) and even "Horror". Not everyone knows that they were also "Tin Can" (or simply "Canned"). That's what they called the just-released VAZ-2101 for thin metal compared to the Volga and Moskvich. And to everyone famous name"Kopeyka" did not appear immediately, only at the end of the 20th century.
Nicknames for cars of the Volga Automobile were most often formed from the numbers of the index. Some were lucky, and their folk names were not offensive. Drivers affectionately called the fifth model "Pyatachok" and "Petrik", the seventh - "Semyon" and "Semaphore". But the VAZ-2106 was covered by the folk creative in full: "Shah", "Shaitan", "Jackal", "Miner" ... There is little pleasant in such epithets.
Immediately after entering the market, the 2108 and 2109 hatchbacks received the nickname "Chisel" for their characteristic front end. It also went to Samara with an already redesigned appearance, including Samara-2. Well, in general, the front-wheel drives of the VAZ were nicknamed “Rattles”: the plastic turned out to be painfully noisy against the backdrop of the “Lada”! But the VAZ-21099 sedan was sometimes awarded the “solid” nickname “Suitcase”.
Our fellow citizens did not ignore 2110 either. Formed from the digital designation “Chirik” and “Chervonets”, they used much less often well-aimed epithets on the topic of sedan design: “Remnant”, “Matryoshka” and “Pregnant antelope” ... They were partially inherited by the station wagon 2111, which Nicknamed "Bar of Soap" and "Pregnant Cow".
But most of all, the inhabitants of our country loved the city crumb "Oka", VAZ-1111. She got the most: Perch, Cigarette Butt, Crazy Stool, Birdhouse, Bag on Wheels, Shrimp, Death Capsule, Miscarriage of KAMAZ, Keychain from BELAZ. And, by the way, the popular expression “20 minutes of shame, and I’m in the country” originally referred to this Soviet hatchback.
When in the late 1990s a minivan on the Niva chassis was named Nadezhda, it was quickly dubbed Hopeless. It was for that: the car looked creepy, the workmanship was to match the appearance. His other folk names are "Clothes" and "Konstantinovna" (a hint of Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya).
Against this background, only the Niva stands out. Russian motorists have been imbued with sincere respect for her, because even after decades and a change official name, she was and remains only "Niva".
If the cars that came off the assembly line of the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant, and got less folk creativity, it was only because of the smaller number of models. The history of the enterprise began with the assembly of the GAZ-69, so it is not surprising that the nickname "Goat", or affectionate "Goat", migrated to the first independent model of the enterprise - UAZ-469. This is not a desire to offend, but just a statement of fact: both cars did not differ in smoothness and desperately “goats”. The same name is given to their direct descendant, who is now officially called in a foreign language - UAZ Hunter. And how did the police version of the car get! "Bobik", "Box", "Garbage truck". Some also called the car in the Ukrainian manner: "Cement truck".
Not less than legendary model factory - UAZ-452. For its rounded shape, the car was immediately nicknamed "Loaf" and "Bulka", and the version for "Ambulance" was called "Pill" or "Nurse". The flatbed truck was aptly dubbed the Tadpole. And now these “nicknames” are used almost in the official press, which is much more convenient than long and confusing digital indices. And most importantly, it is immediately clear what is at stake.
The Patriot flagship SUV was nicknamed "Patricay" and "Patrick".
The early AZLK models, 400 and 401, were nicknamed "Hottabych", the 412th was called "Barsik", all "Muscovites" in general - "Masquerades", but over the hatchback AZLK-2141, which appeared in the 1980s, the wits mocked at glory. Most often, he was "Kosmich" or "Azlyk", which is consonant with the official name. The export version of "Aleko" quickly transformed into "Cripple", the modification with a Renault engine became "Renogor" (similar to the official "Svyatogor"), and the elongated version of "Prince Vladimir" was instantly nicknamed "Long" and "Vovka-carrot".
There are many modes in music. From their diversity and music is diverse and expressive. In addition to the well-known major and minor with their varieties, there are so-called folk frets. They are called differently: church modes, ancient modes, folk music modes. They have been studied since the Middle Ages.
The names of these modes are taken from the theory of the ancient Greeks. These modes are united by the alternation of large and small seconds. In all modes, which will be discussed below, five major seconds and two minor seconds. If you play scales from each step of C major (on the piano these will be all white keys), you will get a complete “set” of folk music modes.
The modes of folk music can be divided into two large groups according to the modal mood.
First group: major modes, having a high third degree. They belong to:
- Ionian (from "Do" - coincides with the natural major);
- Lydian (from "F" - in contrast to the natural F major, high IV degree);
- Mixolydian (from "Sol" - unlike G major, low VII degree).
Second group:
modes of minor inclination, having a low level III. These include:
- Aeolian (from "La" - coincides with the natural minor);
- Dorian (from "Re" - in contrast to D minor, a high VI degree);
- Phrygian (from "Mi" - unlike E minor, low II degree);
- Locrian (from "Si" - unlike B minor, low II and V steps).
Folk music modes are diatonic (natural) modes. Their steps are natural, not chromatic (altered). Therefore, it is customary to say, for example, IV high step, not higher. To understand these modes, we compare them with the well-known ones - natural major and natural minor, but these are not derivative modes, but independent ones.
To understand these modes, we will make several constructions:
Lydian mode: Dorian mode:
from “Sol” - salt la si do # re mi fa # salt from “Mi” - mi fa # sol la si do # re mi
from "Fa" - fa sol la si to remi fa from "Re" - remi fa sol la si do re
Mixolydian mode: Phrygian mode:
from "Sol" - salt la si do # re mi fa salt from "Mi" - mi fa sol la si do re mi
from "Fa" - fa sol la si b to re mi b fa from "Re" - re mi fa sol la si b to re
To memorize these frets, use the tips:
Unstable steps change in the modes of folk music - II IV VI VII.
In the modes of the major mood, steps IV and VII change. These are the sounds that form a tritone.
In the modes of the minor mood, steps II and VI change. These are the sounds that form a tritone.
One more hint:
Fill in two parallel keys without F# - G major and E minor. This pair is the Mixolydian and Phrygian modes.
Remember two parallel keys without cb - F major and D minor. This pair is the Lydian and Dorian modes.