This tiny electric car, to drive it 100 kilometers you will spend a fairly small amount, which can buy 2.1 liters of gasoline. The torque in the car is produced by a magnetic electric motor with a power of 66 hp. The power unit is powered by a 16 kWh lithium-ion battery, which is enough for 100 km of travel.
5) Nissan Leaf
The new one offers everyone better efficiency indicators, which for 100 kilometers will require you to spend even less money than you would have spent on a previous car; it will be enough to buy 2.06 liters of fuel. The machine is equipped with an 80 kW electric motor with a power of 107 hp, which is powered by a 24 kW battery.
The maximum travel range on a full charge is 135 kilometers. Naturally, the mileage of the car will depend directly only on your driving style and road conditions. When driving in a traffic jam, you will not be able to cover even that much mileage.
The main problem of the Leaf and its other electric competitors is its fairly decent weight, which is 1496 kg, which, you agree with us, is too much for such parameters of the car.
4) Fiat 500e
Introducing our next car, which, judging by its characteristics, uses less of your money than the same Nissan Leaf. This is an electric car. Under the car's floor is a 24 kW lithium-ion battery, this was done in order to lower the car's center of gravity for a more dynamic ride.
The battery powers a 111-horsepower electric motor.
In order to drive this car 100 kilometers, you will need to spend money on electricity (to charge the battery), which is enough to purchase (buy) 2.03 liters of gasoline.
It’s a pity that this car model is not sold in all countries of the world. This figure in monetary terms for a powerful electric car is simply an excellent result.
3) Honda Fit EV
The best of the above machines in terms of efficiency is. This hatchback, in terms of gasoline consumption, consumes only 1.99 liters per 100 km.
That is, over 100 kilometers of travel you will spend money on electricity to charge the battery, which is enough to buy 2 liters of gasoline.
The car's electric motor has a power of 132 hp, which runs on a 30 kW battery. In Economy mode (ECON), the machine's power is naturally reduced. The average range on a full charge is 130 kilometers.
2) Chevrolet Spark EV
This car is equipped with an electric motor with a power of 140 hp. But it’s not the power that surprises, but something else, its torque, which is 443 Nm. These are just crazy numbers for such a small car.
The car model is equipped with an 18 kW lithium-ion battery, which allows the car to travel up to 130 km. To travel these 100 kilometers you need, as you all know, to charge the battery. As a result, you will have to spend a certain amount of money on electricity, which would be enough to purchase (purchase) 1.98 liters of fuel. In the traditional understanding of car efficiency, this would mean that the car has a fuel consumption of about 2.0 liters per 100 km. The handling of this car is one of the best among all the cars presented in our rating. The power of the i3 car is 170 hp. Maximum torque 250 Nm. This is quite enough to accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h in just 7.2 seconds.
It is worth noting right away that this car model is also available for purchase in a hybrid version, where in addition to the electric motor, a two-cylinder gasoline power unit is also installed.
Out of rating - hybrids, competitorsToyotaPrius
All the cars we presented above, according to our selection, are fully electric. Therefore, many other hybrid and equally popular cars were not included in our rating. But not all consumers are completely satisfied with electric vehicles, since many of us often drive long and decent distances, which is impossible to do with these electric cars.
Our online publication considered it right, outside the main rating, to highlight several good hybrid cars that can be useful to many of our car enthusiasts.
For example, a car consumes almost the same amount of fuel (in the combined cycle) as a hybrid Toyota Prius. An Accord model car consumes only 5 liters of fuel per 100 km in combined mode.
, which in its combined cycle consumes only 5.23 liters of gasoline per 100 km.
And finally, one last car that we would like to mention here. This is a Jetta Hybrid, in the combined cycle it consumes, like a Honda Civic, only 5.23 liters of fuel per 100 kilometers.
The deteriorating environmental situation on the planet is forcing people to think about inventing environmentally friendly modes of transport. The idea of creating the most environmentally friendly car powered by electric energy has long excited the minds of scientists. Also, this idea has always been interesting to automakers.
Electric cars are not yet of high interest to the general public. However, hybrid cars, which combine an economical electric engine and a traditional internal combustion fuel engine, are becoming increasingly popular. This type of transport is economical because it runs on both hydrocarbon and electric traction.
In different road conditions, you can combine the use of two types of engines. For example, when in a traffic jam or when driving at low speeds, you can use an electric motor. It is more profitable to accelerate a car using a fuel engine.
Pros and cons of hybrid transport
Given rising fuel prices, the advantage of hybrid cars is their efficiency. According to statistics, hybrid cars have 25% lower fuel consumption than traditional fuel cars.
The next important advantage of hybrids is their environmental friendliness. Cars running exclusively on hydrocarbon fuels emit harmful substances into the environment even when the engine is stopped and idling. In a hybrid car, when stopped, the electric motor switches on and the fuel motor stops working.
Also, the advantage of hybrid cars is a large power reserve. The batteries are recharged while the fuel engine is running. Accordingly, when driving a hybrid on an electric motor, fuel is saved and the distance that can be covered before the next refueling increases. Electric vehicles, unlike hybrid cars, do not have such an advantage.
When driving around the city, there are frequent stops and driving at low speeds during rush hours. In such situations, the hybrid automatically switches to electric mode. Most of the time when traveling in the city, the hybrid runs on electric power. Here we can highlight another advantage of hybrid cars - quiet operation.
Among the advantages of economical hybrids, one can also highlight the refueling method. Despite the combined drive method, hybrids are refueled only with combustible fuel, since the storage units for the electric drive are charged while the internal combustion engine is running.
So, the advantages of hybrid cars are:
- · economical fuel consumption;
- · environmental friendliness;
- · increased power reserve;
- · low noise level during operation;
- Refueling with flammable fuel only.
Since nothing is absolutely perfect, hybrids have a number of disadvantages.
- The first and most significant disadvantage is the cost of repairing passenger hybrids. In monetary terms, this is more expensive than traditionally equipped machines. The reason for this is the design of the engine.
- Due to the fact that hybrid cars have not yet become widespread among the masses, it remains difficult to find qualified specialists capable of carrying out repairs. And this is also a disadvantage of hybrids.
- The disadvantage of hybrid car batteries is their ability to self-discharge when left idle for long periods of time. In addition, sudden temperature changes are undesirable for them. As a result, the battery life is reduced. It is also difficult to dispose of used batteries, which are known to pose an environmental hazard.
To summarize this, we can briefly identify the following disadvantages of hybrids:
- · high cost of repairs;
- · difficulty in finding specialists for service;
- · Features of battery operation.
As can be seen from the previous section, hybrid cars have more advantages than disadvantages. However, in Russia, economical foreign cars are not yet very popular. The main reason for this is their price. One of the popular hybrids in Russia is the Toyota Prius, which costs approximately 1,200,000 rubles. This is despite the fact that the economical Toyota is one of the cheapest hybrid cars.
There was an attempt to launch a domestic hybrid development called Yo-Mobile in Russia for the mass buyer. The price was planned to be around 350,000 rubles for a new car. However, the idea did not receive adequate support and the project had to be closed.
Unlike America, the Russian automobile market has a number of features. And it's not just about constantly changing fuel prices.
Road conditions have a direct impact on the quality of vehicle operation, and in Russia, as is known, this nuance leaves much to be desired. The climatic conditions of our region also have an impact. Sudden temperature changes make it difficult for batteries to function.
Despite all these nuances, hybrid cars find their use in Russia in such a business sector as taxis. For the most part, they replenish vehicle fleets offering services in the business class segment. The already well-known Toyota Prius and Lexus CT200h brands are used for taxis.
Features of purchasing hybrid cars on the secondary market
For many, the big question remains which economical hybrid car to purchase on the secondary market. In this regard, there may be more far-fetched fears spread among car owners.
When buying a used hybrid, you should find out the following points:
- · whether the vehicle was operated without the use of combustible fuel;
- · have there been long periods of downtime without recharging the main battery by starting the power unit;
- · did you have to tow the car at a speed of more than 30 km/h?
In particular, the last point is of great importance for the Toyota Prius.
Despite the doubts of car enthusiasts about buying used hybrids, service station specialists claim that owners of this type of car are the rarest visitors to them. This indicates that combined transport confidently has high reliability indicators.
Rating of the most economical passenger hybrid cars of 2019
The popularity of hybrid cars is growing every year and shows excellent characteristics in terms of economical operation.
By many indicators, the leading positions in 2019 will be occupied by the following brands:
- Toyota Prius;
- Hyundai Ioniq Hybrid;
- Toyota Camry Hybrid;
- Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid;
- Ford Fusion Hybrid;
- KIA Optima Hybrid.
The leading sales position among hybrids is occupied by the Toyota Prius. Today this model can be bought in Russia. This economical hybrid has gone through many changes over its history.
The Prius has excellent performance characteristics. In 10 seconds the car reaches a speed of 100 km/h. Fuel consumption when driving around the city is 3.9 liters per 100 km. On country roads this figure drops to 3.7 liters. The maximum speed is 180 km/h.
Toyota Prius has electric and fuel engines, the power of which is 60 and 99 horsepower, respectively.
Low fuel consumption is also influenced by the appearance of the car. The streamlined shape of the car body contributes to low air resistance.
Inside the Prius, the driver can feel like he is in a slightly different reality. The console and dashboard seem unusual at first glance. The central computer itself selects the mode when it is better to start the electric motor and when to start the fuel one. The operating status of the power plants is constantly displayed on the dashboard monitor.
Manufacturers also guarantee the environmental friendliness of all interior finishing materials.
The pros and cons of this model were discussed in the previous article -
A dark horse
The Hyundai Ioniq Hybrid was recognized as the most economical passenger hybrid car of 2019. Initially, the South Korean manufacturer positioned it as the main competitor to the Toyota Prius. And so it happened - Hyundai was recognized as the most economical car and won the palm. Although initially no one bet on it - it seemed impossible to overtake Toyota, especially for such a young company.
The front part of the body received a hexagonal radiator grille and narrowed headlights, native to many Hyundai models. Additional optics have taken a vertical position and are framed by a stylish bracket. The rear of the hybrid sedan was borrowed from its main competitor. Inside the cabin, the driver and passengers can expect high-quality finishing materials that are pleasant to the touch, and the design and arrangement of elements are pleasing to the eye. In addition, the convenience of their location allows you not to swear when using them.
The fuel consumption of the Hyundai Ioniq Hybrid is:
- 4.1 liters – in the city;
- 4 liters - on the highway.
Such indicators were achieved thanks to the carefully thought-out aerodynamics of the car and innovation in approaches to model design. The cost of the basic configuration of this hybrid is from 1,435,000 rubles.
Reliability and trust
Next in the ranking is the Toyota Camry Hybrid. This car seduces not only with its non-trivial appearance, but also with a special approach to engine design. Maximum fuel consumption can be reduced by making changes to the valves and pistons. The hybrid system also uses excess kinetic energy during braking to redirect it to recharge the electric battery. Thus, the resulting energy is subsequently spent on the operation of electrical appliances, which slightly reduces fuel costs.
It is also worth noting the fact that the Toyota Camry Hybrid has a reputation as a reliable and practical car. Therefore, this model takes its place not only from the point of view of efficiency. Although it is important to note that only the basic configuration of the Camry Hybrid is included in the rating (because higher trim levels have higher consumption). For this one it is:
- 4.6 liters – in the city;
- 4 liters - on the highway.
However, not without a fly in the ointment - the pursuit of efficiency led to a decrease in power. Therefore, the hybrid version lost 22 horsepower compared to its gasoline counterpart. And yet the Toyota Camry Hybrid has not lost its popularity. Its price tag starts from 1,790,000 rubles.
Green Savings
The placement of the Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid on the list of the most fuel-efficient cars was initially in doubt. This is due to the fact that the car eats to some extent more than its main competitors. And if in their case the consumption differs by tenths of a liter, then in Chevrolet it is significantly more. But that didn't stop it from becoming the most fuel-efficient hybrid in the United States. This economy model has gained popularity among buyers due to its environmental friendliness - emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere are minimal. Therefore, the Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid advantageously combines advantages for the owner and safety for the environment.
Also noted is the stylish appearance with a touch of elegance and the spacious interior of the car. This model is perfect as a family car. The convenience of staying inside also plays an important role. Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid fuel consumption is:
- 5.5 liters – within the city;
- 4.8 liters - on a country road.
It also costs quite well, compared to its competitors - almost 1,800,000 rubles for the basic package. But the car more than makes up for its price tag thanks to its functionality and comfort.
Practicality and popularity
The most popular hybrids include the Ford Fusion Hybrid. The cars of this company have always been in high demand, and now the situation has not changed. Thus, a hybrid for taxis represented by this model has gained supporters due to its inexpensive cost, reliable service and willing purchase on the secondary market. For taxi drivers, the opportunity to save on fuel is worth its weight in gold. Therefore, a supported Ford Fusion Hybrid will allow you to save money twice – upon purchase and during further operation.
This model has a stylish appearance, a comfortable interior and suitable characteristics - excellent maneuverability, high dynamism, and enviable efficiency. Both outside and inside the car you will not find anything superfluous - everything is strict and presentable. In addition, the Ford company has been producing cars for many years; its enormous experience in this area has made it possible to create not just stylish, but also safe models.
Fuel consumption of the Ford Fusion Hybrid is:
- 5.7 liters – in the city;
- 5.5 liters - on the highway.
The price tag for the Ford Fusion hybrid model starts from 1,630,000 rubles.
Style and comfort
And the top five most economical hybrids of 2019 is completed by the KIA Optima Hybrid. This model can to some extent be called a budget car if you compare its cost with the price tags of its competitors. The exterior of the model has sporty elements, which, coupled with its severity and presentability, makes the car very attractive in the eyes of any age group. It is also worth noting the comfort of the interior - there is enough space inside, comfortable functional seats, high-quality and pleasant finishes, as well as the rich equipment of the car.
Buyers are offered two versions of the hybrid to choose from, both of which are fuel efficient and affordable.
Fuel consumption for the KIA Optima Hybrid is stated at:
- just over 6 liters – within the city;
- 5.1 liters – when driving on the highway.
The price tag for the basic package starts from 1,677,000 rubles without taking into account the purchase of additional options and packages, which makes this car quite affordable. In addition, Kia products have been in high demand on the market for many years.
The best and most economical hybrid SUVs of 2019.
- Mercedes-Benz GLC;
- Toyota RAV4;
- Nissan Murano;
- Volvo XC90;
- Lexus NX;
- Kia Niro.
All-wheel drive with great design. Reliable suspension can withstand any off-road conditions.
Excellent dynamics allow the car to accelerate to a speed of 200 km/h. The combination of electric and fuel traction in the Mercedes GLC allows it to achieve a power of 320 hp.
Depending on road conditions, the GLC's fuel consumption is 2.7 liters per 100 km. Today, many experts call this model the best hybrid crossover.
Toyota RAV4 Hybrid
This brand is considered a universal machine. It can be easily driven in the city by engaging front-wheel drive. The power and dynamism of Toyota are provided by 197 “horses”. The consumption of this brand is 6 liters per 100 km.
A distinctive feature of this brand is the presence of three motors. In addition to the main internal combustion engine and electric traction, located in the front of the car, there is an independent motor at the rear. This design allows for all-wheel drive in the absence of a cardan transmission.
Many car enthusiasts appreciate this model for its all-wheel drive.
The Nissan Murano hybrid crossover is an all-wheel drive vehicle with a classic 4x4 formula. The Murano doesn't stand out in its segment with any special features. The QR25DER brand gasoline engine produces 230 horsepower. The electric motor adds power up to 250 horsepower.
Manufacturers indicate a maximum fuel consumption of just over 3 liters when the vehicle is used in mixed mode.
The Nissan Murano is an ordinary, reliable car without any obvious “zest” compared to its competitors.
Fans of safe and beautiful cars with excellent cross-country ability should pay attention to the Volvo XC90 hybrid. This crossover occupies a leading position in safety ratings.
The designers provided for the presence of various stabilizing systems, airbags and many other adjustment capabilities.
When driving in extreme conditions, the Volvo XC90 exhibits a confident ride, which is achieved due to its full-fledged all-wheel drive design. Also, the reliability of control is influenced by the excellent quality of the suspension design.
The XC90 engines produce a total power of 407 horsepower. Thanks to this indicator, this hybrid is rightfully considered a leader among its peers of this class.
Fuel consumption with such power fluctuates within 2 liters per 100 km. Such low consumption is achieved due to the electric motor, which is a recent development of Swedish engineers.
The car's excellent dynamics are ensured by an eight-speed transmission, in which gear shifting is easy and quick.
The Volvo XC90 is available in seven and five seat body styles. This hybrid crossover can safely be called innovative, purchasing which you can feel confident in any road conditions.
A worthy competitor to the Volvo XC90 among hybrids is the Lexus NX. Among its fellows, it is an excellent middle ground in terms of dynamic qualities, safety, practicality and a large power reserve.
Lexus's reliability is such that its owners have difficulty remembering any breakdowns. The interior of the hybrid is equipped with modern developments and is able to compete with any other car brand.
The NX is characterized by a high degree of cross-country ability, which is ensured by connected all-wheel drive. Lexus NX has an excellent level of interior comfort. Being, in fact, a car with premium qualities that not everyone can match.
Fuel consumption of the Lexus NX at first glance may seem uncompetitive and, depending on the engine configuration, can average 5.5 liters per 100 km in mixed operating mode. However, this drawback is covered by many other advantages unique to the Lexus brand.
An excellent budget car option for use in the city is the Kia Niro. The most affordable Niro is a shining example of the efforts of Korean engineers.
The Kia Niro hybrid is equipped with a gasoline engine with a capacity of 105 “horses” and an electric engine with a capacity of 45 “horses”. In some cases, the manufacturer may install a diesel engine. Fuel consumption at these figures is 5.5 liters per 100 km. Niro has excellent dynamic performance and easy handling.
Among the disadvantages of this model, one can note the presence of only front-wheel drive, while the 4x4 formula could give a higher cross-country ability.
Being a typical parquet economy class crossover, the Kia Niro is perfect for the city. After all, it is in these conditions that the hybrid engine can fully express itself. Controllability and comfort are ensured by the mass of various electronics.
Kia Niro will be an excellent option for those car enthusiasts who do not need to frequently travel outside the city.
Finally.
In an effort to improve the environmental situation, car manufacturers and governments are trying to encourage buyers to purchase hybrid cars. You can choose either a crossover or a sedan. For example, in the USA, tax incentives have been introduced for owners of hybrids, and free parking spaces are also provided.
Legislative changes regarding hybrids and electric vehicles will appear in our country in the near future. It is planned to significantly reduce customs duties on the import of such cars.
Be that as it may, internal combustion engines will gradually give way to electric traction. The emergence of hybrids is the first steps in this direction. A gradual reduction in prices for these vehicles will invariably lead to an increase in their popularity.
Rating of the most economical hybrid cars was last modified: (- A special group of cars, the main distinguishing feature of which is increased capacity, were called “minivans”. Car data...
Nowadays, a hybrid car is the best choice for economical and environmentally friendly travel. Against the backdrop of the global crisis, problems with increasing fuel costs, and increasing requirements for environmental performance, the use of such cars becomes a necessity and seems like a panacea. In addition, a new fashion has emerged in the world, including thanks to the efforts of car manufacturers’ marketers, to drive environmentally friendly cars.
To be “green” is to have a clear conscience
The popularization of environmentally friendly products is becoming a huge business these days. These are services that are built on the consumer's guilt. We are urged not to harm the ecology of the planet by using cheap goods, but to buy “a little more expensive” but environmentally friendly ones. Same with cars. The consumer is offered environmentally friendly hybrid cars , running on biofuels or electricity. Although such pleasure is more expensive, the buyer’s conscience will be clear.
This happens with any product and any service. The fashion for environmentally friendly products gave a new impetus to sales and activated the market. Now, by buying the goods we need, we are joining a great cause - saving the planet from an environmental cataclysm - and this is great! Just from this desire, the world of manufacturers earns fabulous sums. To be honest, the environment has become a business partner in the competition for the sales market, as well as a good way to fill the state budget by introducing additional fines and taxes.
Consumer preferences vary
Hybrid cars are quickly gaining popularity. This is already a fact! This is also evidenced by statistical data on their sales. The American automobile market, which was previously saturated with models of powerful gasoline and diesel cars, muscle cars and SUVs, is increasing sales of hybrid cars. In recent years they have increased by 38%. European car markets cannot yet boast of such a significant increase in demand for hybrid cars . But still, Europeans, as well as the rest of the world’s inhabitants, are very puzzled by rising fuel prices, stricter environmental regulations and standards, and legal liability for non-compliance. The Old World predominantly gives preference to cars with an economical diesel system, which is also environmentally friendly. And there are no fewer of them on the global automobile market. In our country hybrid cars not yet as popular as in America. The Russian automobile market is special. It depends not so much on rising fuel prices, but on a number of other reasons. And here's the thing.
- Features of climatic and road operating conditions not designed for the operation of hybrid vehicles.
- There is no motivation to buy a hybrid from the state itself. In the USA, for example, the owner of a hybrid car enjoys tax benefits.
- The price of gasoline and environmental problems are of little concern to our drivers. But there is a great desire to drive powerful cars, despite the high fuel consumption.
- As calculations show, the fuel savings promised by manufacturers of hybrid cars are not compensated by the difference in price for the hybrid car itself compared to the price for a car of the same class with a gasoline engine.
- In addition to the inflated price of a hybrid car for the Russian buyer (a safety net for manufacturers in case of non-sale), more money will also be spent on its maintenance. An argument for this may be the fact that diesel engines are relatively less popular in Russia compared to gasoline engines.
Alternative fuel sources
What are the reasons that hybrid propulsion systems are offered to us as an alternative to internal combustion engines? What are the current options for replacing gasoline fuel?
Natural gas and methane can also be used as fuel. The development of cars with gas engines has been successfully carried out for a long time. French manufacturers have presented a car equipped with a turbo engine that runs equally efficiently on both natural gas and biogas. It attracted attention because it does not have a complex power plant design; it is a simple engine that uses a mixture of gas and air instead of gasoline to be supplied to the combustion chamber. The operation of such an engine is 25% more environmentally friendly than a classic internal combustion engine, and when such a car is refueled with biogas, the CO2 content in the exhaust is zero.
Why not refuel cars with gas, which is much cheaper in cost and cannot be compared with gasoline, and is even several times more environmentally friendly than it? But still, despite all their advantages, we do not see widespread use of “gas” cars. The reason for this is competition with the more developed gasoline market, which does not provide the opportunity to develop a new business in the form of creating a network of gas stations.
Electricity, as a fuel for electric vehicles, an alternative to polluting gasoline systems, has been studied for a long time (since the 20s of the 20th century). It is possible to make life easier for residents of smoky megacities by introducing environmentally friendly electric vehicles into widespread use. Every major automaker has such models in its arsenal. Development does not stop now, and the British (Lightning Car Company) have already created an electric car with a power of 700 hp. But again, as experts testify, the mass popularization of electric vehicles is hampered by the insufficient development of the network of electric gas stations. Of course, similar stations already exist in Europe, Japan and America, but their number is not yet enough to provide drivers with the opportunity to recharge the engine of their electric vehicle where necessary. But in terms of economy, using an electric motor is very profitable: electricity is much cheaper than gasoline, the car owner does not depend on the cost of fuel and gas stations, and the electric motor does not leave harmful CO2 emissions.
Henry Ford was the first to use ethanol as a vehicle fuel, which drove his ATV and the famous Ford T, which ran on alcohol or gasoline, and not a mixture of one with the other. In Ford's concept, ethanol was a profitable, economical type of fuel, because at that time the cost of alcohol was several times less than the price of gasoline. The most compelling argument in favor of ethanol is its complete environmental friendliness and the fact that it significantly extends the life of the engine itself. In addition, any car with a conventional engine can run on alcohol; for example, Citroen has released the C4 BioFlex model, which uses both gasoline and bioethanol in its operation. However, the production of bioethanol in Europe is limited by the European Commission, since an increase in the production of this fuel will create a shortage of food products.
The use of hydrogen as a fuel for cars is hampered by high energy consumption in its production, its environmental friendliness due to the high consumption of coal and CO2 emissions. Obtaining hydrogen from water by electrolysis is also very problematic due to the cost of electricity. Although ideally hydrogen is the best alternative to gasoline, the high cost of its production significantly increases the cost of operating cars running on it.
Hybrid cars
The automotive world has come to the conclusion that the only optimal power plant, according to many of the latest criteria, can be a hybrid engine. Not least of all are economic considerations. Rising world oil prices, rising gasoline prices, and deteriorating environmental conditions have brought the world market for the sale of powerful cars, SUVs and sports cars to a standstill. Foreign car owners do not really want to pay taxes on CO2 emissions, they are calculating fuel costs, and they increasingly want to drive economically and environmentally. In turn, automakers working on the production of gasoline models, who did not have time to repurpose their production to produce economical and compact models in advance, are suffering considerable losses. An example is General Mototrs, which paid dearly for the change in consumer demand.
What can the global auto industry offer us today as an optimal price and environmentally friendly car?
But first you need to remember what a hybrid installation is. Oddly enough, its device is simple. In general, it consists of two parts - two types of motors: gasoline and electric. Everyone works under certain conditions. If you need a quiet ride at a low speed, then the power of the electric motor is used, and the gasoline engine does not work at this moment. But as soon as you need to increase the speed of the car, the gasoline “engine” begins to function, which, moving the car forward, also charges the batteries of the electric motor through the generator.
Market hybrid cars is growing rapidly, it is expanding across all segments. Every manufacturer, even Ferrari, strives to tell the world that it intends to develop its production of economical and environmentally friendly cars. The Japanese (Honda) are considered the founders of the market for serial hybrid cars. Hybrid model Honda Insight. 1999 has a power plant consisting of a one-liter three-cylinder gasoline engine with a power of 70 hp, working in a “team” with an electric motor with a power of 10 kW. But even fuel consumption: 3.8 liters. gasoline per 100 km did not immediately make the Honda Insight popular in the American market. The reason for this is the high cost of this hybrid car - over $20,000.
In Japan, a little earlier than in the United States, in 1997, they began selling another hybrid model, which is still the main competitor of the Honda Insight. This is the Toyota Prius, known to the American market since 2001. The Prius achieved its greatest success after 2004, when a serial modification with a hatchback body was released. Sales of this model increased rapidly, and on the crest of such success, the automaker began making its other models hybrid. Toyota Highlander, Toyota Camry, and later Lexuses, which have already proven themselves worthily in the Russian car market, received a hybrid drive.
European automakers are not lagging behind Japanese designers, although they are not ahead of them, trying to transfer the European driver from a diesel car to hybrid cars. Manufacturer Volvo presented its new Plug-In-Hybrid system. Its peculiarity is that the gasoline engine turns on only after the need arises to recharge the batteries of the electric motor. The American General Motors is gradually emerging from the crisis, introducing the 2009 Chevrolet Volt model. The model's hybrid setup consists of an electric motor and an internal combustion engine that runs on gas or bioethanol. The Chevrolet Volt has a total power of 150 hp and 375 Nm of torque. The gas engine recharges the batteries of the electric engine when the charge level begins to drop. As a result, in the electric motor-only operating mode hybrid car Chevrolet Volt will travel up to 64 km at a speed of 160 km/h.
Europe is conservative
As already mentioned, Europe, with less enthusiasm than the United States, is seeking to switch to hybrid models, giving preference to the economical and inexpensive diesel engine. But the growing problems of environmentally friendly driving began to worry the Old World as well. Now here, in addition to all other criteria for choosing a car, the CO2 contained in the exhaust is also taken into account (not exceeding 140 g/km, otherwise fines and taxes are inevitable). What cars does Europe choose in an effort to drive “cleanly” and cheaply?
In particular, Volkswagen Polo BlueMotion, the exhaust of which contains only 99 g/km of CO2 with a fuel consumption of 3.8 liters per 100 km. Such car performance was made possible thanks to 80 hp. diesel engine. It is important that the entire Volkswagen BlueMotion model range, including the Golf and Passat, has very favorable technical characteristics in terms of fuel economy.
It is worth noting the three-door Citroën C1, equipped with a 1.0-liter three-cylinder diesel engine that consumes 4.6 liters per 100 km and emits 109 g/km of CO2. (Same performance as Honda Civic Hybrid)
The fact that hybrid cars They are gaining momentum with great force in the automobile market, which is suffering from high prices for gasoline and diesel fuel, and strict environmental regulations, which is direct evidence that the car manufacturers’ bet has been made. Car owners are forced to more actively purchase hybrid cars . The method of encouraging lower tax rates on environmentally friendly cars in some countries also contributes to the development of this branch of the automotive industry. But growing demand and increasing costs for production and improvement of technical parameters of hybrid cars will not help reduce their cost.
Hybrid cars on the Russian market are a dubious gamble
Manufacturers of hybrids, for example Toyota Motors, are still only thinking about Russia as a sales market: whether or not to import their Prius for serial sale. They understand that consumer preferences of the Russian car market, which occupies a leading place in Europe, are directed in a slightly different direction. Analysis of car sales shows the leadership of such models as Ford Focus, Chevrolet Lacetti and Renault Logan.
For comparison, we will select prices for popular cars in Russia and prices for hybrid models. Comparisons are still only possible with the officially sold brand - Lexus. The Lexus RX400h hybrid on the Russian market costs about 2.1 million rubles, and the three-door Ford Focus (1.4 l, 80 hp) costs from 352,000 rubles. (in dealer showrooms). At the same time, the Focus' consumption in the combined cycle is 6.6 liters (according to the seller).
The cost of the same Lexus RX400h in the American market is about $43,000, the price of a Prius in America is from $21,500. The markup on the Lexus RX400h in Russia in relation to the possible price of the Toyota Prius will cost at least $40,000. Not to mention the cost of maintenance and repairs.
Travel and save - it's possible
Well, if you concentrate on the issue of saving gasoline, then you need, first of all, to remember some basic driving rules that help you spend this precious fuel moderately. Although probably every car owner knows these methods, let us remind them again:
- Do not overload the car, do not decorate it with pseudo-aerodynamic devices that create unnecessary air resistance, creating unnecessary obstacles to movement. Remove the roof rack and do not drive on uninflated tires.
- Use the air conditioner and fan sparingly (the first can take up to 2 liters of gasoline).
- Do not drive in high gears around the city; start smoothly, but not jerkily. On the highway, on the contrary, you should drive in jerks: acceleration - “neutral” until the speed decreases, acceleration again.
It's hard to sell hybrids when gas prices are low. Electric motors increase the cost of cars and SUVs, so consumers are reluctant to spend the extra money on a more efficient vehicle. Looking at hybrids, the cost of which is much more expensive than similar gasoline models, we can say that buying them is simply illogical. This is bad news.
Note: The source for comparisons between standard and hybrid models is fueleconomy.gov, which provides consumer guidance with calculations based on 24,140 km of driving per year, of which 55% in the city. The used price for gasoline is $0.62 per liter - the average value at the time of publication of the article. Where gas prices are higher, the hybrids listed here get even better.
Only Prius sells better than Hybrid Toyota RAV4 in this segment in 2016. This popular crossover peaks at 7.13 liters per 100 km in trim Hybrid Limited($33,610), which far exceeds the 9.41 L/100 km in the standard Limited model with all-wheel drive ($32,910).
You don't compromise on traction with the hybrid version, as it comes with standard electronic all-wheel drive with on-demand intelligence (AWD-i). The premium ($700) can be returned in 2 years and 1 month or less.
Because Prius does not have non-hybrid models, fueleconomy.gov selected the model Camry LE($23,070), the consumption of which can be 8.4 liters per 100 km. For a paltry $1,130 surcharge, consumers looking for big savings can choose Prius 2 2016 ($24,400), whose consumption is approximately 4.5 liters per 100 km.
Consumers will compromise on passenger capacity when choosing Prius, but not Camry, but the hybrid's cargo capacity is much larger compared to a midsize sedan.
After hitting a base model car Ford Fusion 2016, the dent will become part of its interior. Consumers will not have similar problems in the version Titanium, which comes with leather in the car and which looks so good externally.
But why choose the standard Titanium model ($30,780), with a consumption of 9 liters per 100 km, when you can buy a hybrid version Titanium($30,940), whose consumption per 100 km is only 5.6 liters, and costs only $160 more? The appearance of both versions is identical, however, there is a tiny premium Titanium Hybrid will pay for itself in just 4 months.
"It's not about the trees," says Matthew McConaughey in the ad. 2016. " It's all about finding the balance With". In this case, you can find a tidbit in fuel economy (5.9 l per 100 km) in MKZ Hybrid 2017 without paying a premium over the standard model (9.8 L per 100 km).
Plus, you'll save $585 on gas every year. The redesigned 2017 MKZ makes that decision a no-brainer, as its looks are more than worthy of a luxury brand.
While is what might be called a "mild hybrid", it offers significantly better fuel economy (8.1 liters per 100 km) compared to the standard model (10.7 liters per 100 km).
Buick does not list this model separately, but among various online offerings LaCrosse can be found eAssist as a supplement for the 2.4-liter, four-cylinder edition. There's no upcharge for choosing the more fuel-efficient model, and drivers can save $385 per year at the pump by taking the offer Buick.
A hybrid car is a vehicle with an internal combustion engine and an electric drive system consisting of one or more motors. Combines the advantages of an electric car and a passenger car with an internal combustion engine running on gasoline or diesel fuel.
Operating modes of internal combustion engines and electric motors
Depending on the design features and technologies used, the following principles of joint operation of an internal combustion engine and an electric motor are distinguished:
- Consistent. The operating principle is based on the transmission of torque from the internal combustion engine to the generator, which is responsible for solving two problems - and generating electrical energy. The movement of the vehicle occurs thanks to electric traction.
- Parallel. An engine running on (less commonly, diesel) and an electric motor are connected to the wheels via a differential. The first is the main one, the second is the auxiliary power unit, which is activated during acceleration and braking in order to store regenerative energy. Hybrids with a parallel drive system have complex electronics responsible for control.
- Series-parallel. Series-parallel, or mixed. Structurally complex system. The electric motor, gasoline or diesel engine and generator are connected to each other and the wheels, which allows the driver to change the operating mode. The interaction between the electric power plant and the internal combustion engine occurs using a planetary gear.
About the advantages
- Fuel economy (gasoline or diesel), which reduces operating costs.
- New hybrid cars, despite having batteries, are slightly heavier than their petrol and diesel competitors.
- Reduce harmful CO2 emissions.
- Hybrid engines make less noise.
- Hybrid cars do not require recharging and have an increased range compared to electric cars.
Hybrid cars in Russia
The lack of more or less affordable models and configurations of hybrids on the Russian market (we're talking about the Prius) reduces their role to “expensive toys.” The minimum price tags, reflecting the numbers in, are more suggestive of quite adequate thoughts about buying a less expensive, but well-equipped and comfortable car with a conventional internal combustion engine.
If we note the best hybrid cars in Russia, then the leader in terms of technology, design and interior quality is the BMW i8. Next come Japanese hybrid cars Infiniti and Lexus, which are simpler, but closer to consumer realities. Better suited for the role of everyday cars, as well as the Mercedes E-Class. The choice in favor of the Prius looks too strange, since the buyer does not get the most beautiful and spacious car for such a serious amount.
Japanese cars with hybrid engine
Prius hybrids are sold from 2,154 thousand rubles in the only “Lux” configuration. Equipped with a non-alternative 1.8-liter gasoline engine producing 98 hp. and a synchronous electric motor on permanent magnets with an output of 72 hp.
170-horsepower Prius are cheap cars in the hybrid class in Russia, which is due to the cessation of sales of their more affordable trim levels and the delay in the debut of the 2nd generation Nissan Leaf.
Despite the high cost, the owner receives a compact city car with an unattractive appearance. The front of the Toyota with “zigzag” optics looks pretentious and tasteless.
The machine developed according to the design concept of "YU-BI-SHIN" is too controversial. But it is well equipped. Prius in the Luxury configuration has 2-zone climate control, leather upholstery, a digital instrument panel, cruise control, and a luxury JBL audio system with 10 speakers. Especially for Russian buyers, the car comes with a package of “Winter Comfort” options (heating, additional cabin heater, etc.). You don't need to pay extra for it.
Good equipment.
Minimum consumption.
Many options and security systems.
— Controversial design.
— Lack of entry-level equipment.
RX 450h – . Equipped with a 3.5-liter gasoline engine and 2 electric motors. When a vehicle slows down, kinetic energy is stored in the batteries.
The RX Hybrid has a fast and dynamic silhouette, well recognized by fans of the Japanese brand Lexus. This image is reinforced by a 263-horsepower gasoline engine and 2 traction electric motors. The total power of the Lexus RX 450h hybrid engine is 313 hp.
Lexus is sold in Russia in 2 versions – Premium and Exclusive. The basic configuration of the hybrid includes 10 airbags, 20-inch alloy wheels, a multimedia center with a built-in navigator, and a high-tech VDIM system responsible for controlling vehicle dynamics.
Video: Lexus RX 2017 Test Drive and Review
Great power.
Aggressive and dynamic appearance.
Many security systems.
High-quality interior trim.
— The shaking and too soft suspension is designed for driving only on high-quality asphalt roads.
The QX60 is a 7-seater car sold on the Russian market in both a standard petrol (3.5 l, 262 hp) and a more powerful hybrid version. Regardless of the power system, the car is equipped with a CVT transmission with manual shift function and has all-wheel drive.
The total power and maximum torque of the internal combustion engine and electric motor is 250 hp. and 368 Nm, respectively.
It looks beautiful and is well equipped, which is why it is included in the rating of hybrid cars. It has a solid wheelbase (2900 mm), which provides a large amount of free space for passengers in the cabin and luggage. But the hybrid doesn't boast fuel efficiency. In the combined cycle, the premium crossover consumes 8.5 liters per 100 km.
Video: Test drive INFINITI QX60
Spacious 7-seater saloon.
Powerful engine.
Beautiful design.
Modern LED optics.
— Hybrid with low fuel efficiency.
German hybrids
Representatives of the E-Class are primarily valued for their high quality, comfort and premium design. However, the German manufacturer also offers hybrid cars with the E 350 e index, which help save fuel and reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere. The average consumption of a 4-door is 2.1-2.5 liters of gasoline per 100 km.
At the same time, the 299-horsepower hybrid system, working in conjunction with a 9-speed gearbox, provides acceleration to the first hundred in 6.2 seconds and a top speed of 250 km/h.
Great power.
High level of security.
Lots of multimedia, entertainment and other options.
Spacious salon.
- High price.
i8 is a high-tech and expensive German hybrid on the Russian car market. Belongs to the class of sports cars. The i8 Coupe impresses with its futuristic exterior, memorable image and dynamic performance. The Bavarian car takes 4.4 seconds to accelerate to 100 km/h.
A vivid driving experience is provided by auxiliary electric motors, the main 3-cylinder 231-horsepower 1.5-liter engine and a “smart” all-wheel drive system (only works when the batteries are fully charged). At the same time, the hybrid does not seem heavy. The mass of the sports car (without cargo) is 1535 kg.
Despite the enormous acceleration potential, with the help of settings, a BMW can be turned into a “slow-moving” car and meet the stated 2.1 liters of fuel per 100 km. For the most part, the i8 is a weekend car that is designed to be fun to drive, but in fact lacks a boot and doesn't have much interior space.
Video: BMV i8 Test Drive
Modern hybrid system.
High power and excellent dynamics.
Bright image.
Beautiful and unusual interior with expensive materials, with the exception of silver plastic.
Four-wheel drive.
The total range is 440 km.
— Sky-high price.
— Poorly suited for the role of an everyday car.
Table 1. Technical characteristics of hybrid cars in the Russian car market.
|
Characteristics |
QX60 |
E 350 e |
i8 |
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|
Overall dimensions, mm |
4540 by 1760 by 1490 |
4890 by 1895 by 1685 |
5093 to 1960 to 1742 |
4923 to 1852 to 1468 |
4689 to 1942 to 1293 |
|
Wheelbase, mm |
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|
Trunk volume, in l |
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type of drive |
Front |
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|
Maximum speed, km/h |
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Average fuel consumption in the combined cycle, in l |
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Initial cost, in rub. |