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In addition to the concerns I have said, in Rumelia there is a rebellion of the Scutar Mahmud Pasha, which has intensified so much that the Porte has repeatedly offered him treaties to which he does not agree. The rebels in Rumelia to this day do not belong to him at all, but if they too come to his understanding, then he will be twice as strong and twice as dangerous for the Porte. On the other hand, the rebellion of Abdul-Weghab in Arabia cannot but worry the Porte. All these misfortunes are dissatisfied with the present way of government.
Kuchuk Huseyn, the current captain-pasha, who has hitherto little entered into the government, the confidant and relative of the Sultan, is clearly already beginning to be unkind to the ruling ministers and, due to his access to the sovereign, will not harm their affairs. All this foreshadows a quick change in the ministry, to which, it seems, the destruction of the Council is tied, but a change in the vizier is inevitable, who will take over the reign with all the power attached to his dignity.
His moral character will have a major influence on all the actions of the Porte, and then it will be possible to decide how useful the change of ministry is for preserving peace.
In political affairs, dragoman Muruzi has considerable influence; reinforced by the advice of his brother, the Prince of Volozhsk, and the intrigues of another brother, no less intelligent, living in Phanar, he became Reshid Efendi’s closest confidante. It is difficult to find a young man more crafty and insidious than him. The power of the Muruzians generally extends so far that many dissatisfied Turks, among other complaints, say that they rule the state of Muruzia.
We did not have any private business with Porta, which would have been conducted in a direct and fair manner, as happened before, and this should be attributed to the moral character of the dragoman. You have already had occasions to see that it is convenient for him to sometimes get carried away, and therefore it is necessary from time to time to renew the correction you made to him. I myself felt the need to threaten him with the wrath of my court, and he seemed confident that in this case he could lose more than his place.
He shares with many here a commitment to the Jacobins. The insidious Decorche managed to make friends of his faction from people of all fortunes. His obvious accomplices from significant people are: Tefterdar Said Ali, the second admiral and Tersana-emini, or the quartermaster of the admiralty. Through Decorsheva's sophisms, the Turkish clergy is confident that the extermination of Christian law in France is bringing the Jacobins closer to the Muslims.
Among the common people his successes are even more noticeable; the Jacobins are revered as brothers, all the infernal works that were the instrument of the destruction of France are interpreted in coffee houses, and the blinded Porte, which is wary of foreign ministers, does not give the slightest attention to this. Decorche's main employee is Muraja, a dragoman of the Swedish mission, equally insidious, but, being a native of the area, has an advantage in knowledge of people and customs.
As you know, two conventional commissioners are expected; without a doubt, they also have proposals for the Porte. With their arrival, the credit of private Decorshev may decrease, but whatever the commissars, we can answer that they will not be as harmful as Decorsh alone.
The main proposals of Decorsheva Porte consist of: 1st. To recognize the Republic. 2nd. So that the Porte concludes an offensive alliance with France against both imperial courts. And to this day Decorche has not succeeded in either one or the other. Reis Effendi, beckoning him with hope, had not yet decreed anything.
Now, as you know, he resorts to threats, but until the alliance of the warring powers is destroyed, one must still hope that Reshid Efendi will remain with nothing but promises. Regarding the extravagances originating from the Jacobins, general actions are always taken from the ministers of the allied powers. It would be useful if they were always used at the right time, but perhaps very strained measures on this subject have done more harm than good.
The ministers of the European powers residing here are already quite familiar to you, but my own opinion about them is the following:
The English ambassador, Cavalier Ansley, often had disagreements with the ministers residing here. He is a restless person and for this reason he cannot be without intrigue either with the Porte or with the foreigners residing here. He is accused of a lack of zeal for the common cause against the faction ruling in France, this may sometimes relate to his private disagreement with the ministers, yet he did the actions I demanded of him against Decorche based on daily incidents very willingly.
Our relations with England are very important to the Porte, because it relied on this power for its plans against Russia. The stay of the Turkish ambassador in England is the long-standing work of Ensley, who is unkind to Russia, but now it seems that the Porte and England have repented of this act.
The Ambassador of the Venetian Republic Foscari deserves only a note for his timidity against the Jacobins. He helps their correspondence and involuntarily accepts them into his home and is just as timid for these actions in front of the ministers of the allied powers.
I dealt with the imperial internuance, Baron Herbert, with some sincerity on general matters. I find him to be a very proud man and starts every business for his own benefit, and with these two springs it is only possible to direct him to any feat. Personally, he does not like Russia and sees with annoyance that the respect for him from the Porte is only in proportion to the connections between the two imperial courts.
He, they say, gave hope to the Porte that a residing Turkish minister could be received in Vienna, following the example of England, and in this hope the Porte made an offer to the Viennese court, which, however, is still unanswered. He sometimes revealed his opinion to me sincerely, but for this his pride must be greatly seduced and in this way one can consult with him. He is confident (reliable people say) that in the event of a break between Russia and the Porte, the Austrian court can remain uninvolved.
This opinion is all the more harmful because he will look at small incidents that could contribute to a break with indifference. You know how necessary it is to maintain an inextricable connection with the Austrian minister and show it to the public.
The Prussian minister, Mr. Knobelsdorff, had previously seemed completely devoted to Baron Herbert; After some time and, no doubt, due to the coldness that occurred at the end of the past company between the courts, and more according to the letters of Lucchesinius, he withdrew from the internunnium in a noticeable manner. He showed me many deciphered dispatches from his sovereign, where he was ordered to have the closest connection with me. (It should be noted that these discoveries occurred before the Berlin court began to demand subsidies).
Regarding him personally, you will find in him a very honest person. He will not miss anything to earn your friendship. His attention to me was immense. His abilities as a minister are so moderate that if the court had seen the need for difficult negotiations with the Porte, I think they would not have used him. He cares, however, very much about obtaining information and is quite successful in it, but his channels are of little importance, and therefore the news he receives is not great.
The Porte, having learned about the negotiations of the Prussian court regarding subsidies, inspired Knobelsdorff to offer the court recognition of the French Republic; Promising to follow this example, Knobelsdorff accepted this as a report and keeps it in deep secrecy, and therefore it will be necessary to follow his actions.
The Neapolitan envoy Count Ludolf is spiritually attached to the interests of Russia, but his small abilities mean that his suggestions under the Porte are not successful. He must retell from word to word what Porte should have been inspired to believe, otherwise he will damage the whole business. Reis Effendi, aware of Count Ludolf's weakness, often calls him on dates and willingly talks to him about business.
Baron Asp, the Swedish envoy, in accordance with the way of thinking of the Swedish regent, is completely devoted to the interests of France. He, being a close person of the late king, would seem to have an aversion to a completely disgusting system, but his connection with Decorche, who calls him his friend in some letters, proves that he indulged in his temporary benefits. His behavior was so secretive that many of his actions in favor of the Jacobins were attributed by some of the foreign ministers personally to Muraja, his dragoman.
The small influence of Mr. Bulinia, the Spanish charge d'affaires, does not require an explanation of his personal qualities. The charge d'affaires, the Danish Baron Gibsch, is devoted to Russia due to his own affairs and by inclination, but now has no participation in political affairs. In the absence of the Ambassador of the Dutch Republic, two were left as his chargé d'affaires: Brioti and Pancho. Both of these are so little noticeable here, no matter how they were not there
The Austrian and Prussian ministers informed me of the dispatches they had received by last post from their respective courts, relating to the news of the Porte’s preparations for a break with Russia.
Throughout my entire stay here, I followed, as far as my insight became, the actions of the Porte and, considering all the appearances, I find that the Porte, with all its crafty disposition towards Russia, has not yet accepted a decisive intention to break and is expecting incidents in Europe, and most of all, what the turn of affairs of the alliance against France will take place, also what will be the disposition of Poland and what will be the methods of this land, and most of all, will the Convention be able to provide the Porte with significant assistance.
The Turkish fortresses in Bessarabia will come to an end next autumn, and what preparations will be made next summer will be what will show the Porte’s intentions more clearly. Preparations may be made under the guise of being made against Mahmud Pasha, but it will be easy to distinguish the real from the pretexts. Meanwhile, rumors reaching the Porte about armaments in Russia are causing her to think more and more and, perhaps, force her to make greater defensive preparations.
Mikhailo Golenishchev-Kutuzov
Letter from M.I. Kutuzov to V.P. Kochubey with instructions on negotiations with the Turkish government
Secret
With the questions that the Porte prepares for you regarding our armaments in Kherson and on the border, you cannot, of course (without instructions from the court), say anything decisively beyond the assurances about the preservation of peace and other neighboring treaties on our part (assurances that Of course you can do it); It seems that the Porte has no reasons for ill-intention on the part of Russia, namely, whether at the conclusion of the last peace there was a failure to fulfill any promise, even verbally given and not indicated in the treaty, and even less if the failure to fulfill the treaty at the slightest point was Is there even the slightest attempt on the part of Russia to change any of the treatises?
Did we demand something new, not only with threats, but also with a simple attempt? Does Russia give reason to suspect itself of secretly communicating with the enemies of the Porte, making its predilection for the side of those enemies clearly felt by the whole world to the detriment of the affairs of the Porte? Here are actions that give rise to suspicion of a bad will to keep obligations. As for the course of affairs, if there is a conversation about them, then even if there is a stop in some unimportant ones, there is, however, no comparison with what is happening on the part of the Porte.
During the stay of the Russian ambassador in Constantinople, not only did important legal cases not proceed, but Porta refused the barat demanded of Flocka, and Porta did not give the slightest satisfaction to the man who fled from ambassadorial service, robbed many of his retinue and adopted the Mohammedan law. The Turkish ambassador's complaints to the Porte (if they are talked about) prove nothing more than the inappropriateness of his demands and the opposite behavior of him in comparison with the actions of the Russian ambassador.
This is the way I see the conversation you might have with the Reis Effendi; without any reproach, he will clearly see his misdeeds from what you say to justify your court. Let my opinion serve you not as a rule (which you can make better for yourself depending on the circumstances), but only as an opinion.
Pedagogical and military-administrative activities (1794–1804)
Report of M. I. Kutuzov to Catherine II on taking office as commander of the Gentry Land Cadet Corps
By the Highest and Most Gracious will of Your Imperial Majesty, I entered the command of the Gentry Land Cadet Corps, which I have the pleasure of conveying to Your Imperial Majesty.
Mikhailo Golenishchev-Kutuzov
Order to the Ground Cadet Corps
To maintain order, I suggest that the major on duty give me notes every day about what kind of food the students had last day, and explain in them about the goodness of the supplies. And I also find it necessary to decide that foreseeable things, such as: powder, lipstick, ribbons, combs, etc., are required monthly in advance, without exceeding what was established by the arrangement of the late Mr. Chief Director of the Corps, Count Anton Bogdanovich Debalmen, by the available amount pupils; if anything in excess is demanded, show the remainder at a future request and then only add to that remainder.
Gentlemen, military commanders, inspectors and others should make every effort to ensure that things and other things are used with the utmost frugality. And such demands should not be made on scraps, but in the proper order, for they must be a document with the books, and sent early to Mr. Chief Treasurer from each private commander for signature, and he, having received and examined that everything required is necessary and does not exceed of the prescribed number, having made his own inscription on them, he gives them to the parishioner who has these things, and if they belong to different people, he gives his orders from them for signing, and keeps them with him; in the event that he sees superiority or something doubtful, he has to report to me and then awaits my command to do so. What should someone give a copy of this definition about?
Mikhailo G[olenischev]-Kutuzov
From a letter from N.P. Panin to A.B. Kurakin
[…] Like you, dear cousin, I am aware of the difficulty of choosing a person who should be my assistant. As a result, I came up with an idea that I submit to your opinion. Since they want to give a preliminary order to General Kutuzov, is it possible to dwell on it and leave him here for a while? I confess that I prefer it to many others. He is smart, capable, and I find that he and I have similarities in our views.
If they send someone else, we will lose precious time studying each other and, so to speak, combining our opinions. Another main reason is that (Kutuzov) was successful at court and in society. They are more accessible to the old soldier here than to anyone else, and with this benefit he combines another: he knows the German language perfectly, which is necessary. Finally, I repeat, I think that he will be more useful than the other and that we will always get along. […]
Reprimand of Paul I to M. I. Kutuzov
Mister Infantry General Kutuzov!
The sending of your quartermaster here for regimental needs, without first receiving My permission, is attributed by Me to nothing other than your whims, for which I am reprimanding you.
Letter from M. I. Kutuzov to P. G. Divov about measures to prevent the spread of the pestilence
February 1800 Vilno
Seeing from foreign newspapers and the information I received from St. Petersburg that the pestilence opened in France, where it spread to the borders of Strasbourg, which, I think and, you are well aware, I am prompted by you, my dear sir, to most humbly ask, if more than aspirations, from which yes The Almighty will protect us, if that disastrous disease touched the borders of Prussia, do not leave a hasty notice, so that I could take appropriate measures in advance to protect the province entrusted to me from this infection by strictly inspecting people traveling from abroad to Lithuania and imported goods. By this you will greatly benefit the one who stays with true respect forever
Mikhailo Golenishchev-Kutuzov
Rescript of M. I. Kutuzov to the Lithuanian Medical Council
From the report delivered to me from the Novogrudok mayor, the court councilor Skalon, I saw that from among those who were there for treatment, those left by the musketeers Berkha, that now the Baklanovsky regiment of the lower ranks 18, 12 people died; I therefore order the medical board to carry out a proper and most accurate investigation into why such a number of deaths out of such a small number followed and whether there were any omissions on the part of anyone in the use and care that should have been used for the sick, and what this will turn out to be, convey to me .
From the Highest Order of September 8, 1800
His Imperial Majesty, in His presence in the city of Gatchina, deigned to give the following order.
His Imperial Majesty declares His Highest blessing to the troops who were on maneuvers on this date and to their commanders, General of the Infantry Golenishchev-Kutuzov and General of the Cavalry Count von der Palen, as well as all battalion commanders, while granting the lower ranks a ruble, a glass of wine and a pound beef per person; and, moreover, you deigned to announce to your Majesty that it is very comforting for His Imperial Majesty to see the achievements of the army of such perfection, in which it showed itself in all units under the command of such generals, whose qualities and talents, operating with such troops and such a nation as the Russian one, cannot but approve and fail to ensure the security and integrity of the state. […]
All-merciful Sovereign!
Having been aggravated by a real illness, after some time I could not hold office; Now, having received relief, I dare to ask Your Imperial Majesty for my will.
No matter how painful it is for me to see the wrath of the meek Sovereign over me, and no matter how sensitive it is, having direct access to this, to relate through another, but, being convinced that my being and strength belong not to me, but to the Sovereign, I obey without grumbling in anticipation of His sacred will.
But if Your Imperial Majesty were not at all pleased with my service, in that case, I most humbly ask you to look upon your merciful dismissal with the eye of more than forty years in military and other positions, long served with honor; for the wounds I have suffered; for my large family; at approaching old age and at my rather upset state from being promoted from one place to another; and to the boundless devotion to your person, Sovereign, which, perhaps, my shyness or the image of my address before Your Imperial Majesty overshadows.
Most Gracious Sovereign, Your Imperial Majesty's all-subject
Golenishchev-Kutuzov, infantry general
From a letter from M.I. Kutuzov to his wife, E.I. Kutuzova, about the state of affairs in Goroshki
August 4, 1803 Peas 29
Kutuzov's estate in Volyn, in the Zhitomir district.
I am still very pleased with the new housekeeper: he is a professor, but God grant that he has at least half of the honesty against his intelligence. And a fool will not do half of what could be done. I haven’t left my borders for three weeks and tomorrow I’m going to a farm 25 miles away, where I’ve never been before.
They removed the bread, that is, rye and wheat. The harvest was good, the wheat was born tenfold, and the rye was smaller - they cheated in sowing - less was sown than they showed, or the men stole it from the steward. As soon as all the grain is removed, we need to start working on the buildings; there is not a decent winery, not a single brewery - which is an important point here, especially in Raygorodok. The distillery will be a decent size for eight boilers, but a lot needs to be built in Raigorodok for the Jews. Here are my exercises.
Establish a correspondence between fragments of historical sources and their brief characteristics: for each fragment indicated by a letter, select two corresponding characteristics indicated by numbers.
A) “His Imperial Majesty declares His Highest blessing to the troops who were on maneuvers on this date and their commanders, General of the Infantry Golenishchev-Kutuzov and General of the Cavalry Count von der Palen, as well as all battalion commanders, and grants the lower ranks a ruble and a glass wine and a pound of beef per person; and at the same time, they deigned to announce to the Highest that it is very comforting for His Imperial Majesty to see the achievements of troops of such perfection, in which they showed themselves in all units under the command of such generals, whose qualities and talents, acting with such troops and such a nation as the Russian one, cannot but approve and fail to ensure the security and integrity of the state. »
B) “E.v. All-Russian Emperor and H.V. the Emperor of Austria, the King of Hungary, wishing to put into practice the idea that guides their cordial agreement, with the goal of strengthening the peace that now prevails in Europe, and striving to postpone the possibility of war, which could disrupt it, convinced that this goal can best be achieved It was only by direct and personal agreement between the sovereigns, an agreement independent of changes that might occur in their governments, that the following points were agreed upon:
I. Their Majesties promise each other, even when there is some disagreement in the demands of the interests of their states on particular issues, to come to an agreement so that these differences cannot prevail over considerations of a higher order with which they are concerned. Their Majesties have decided not to allow anyone to separate them on the basis of the principles they consider to be the only ones capable of ensuring and, if necessary, forcibly supporting European peace against any upheaval, no matter where it may come from.
II. In the event that an attack from a third power should threaten to disturb European peace, their Majesties mutually undertake, without seeking or concluding new alliances, to first come to an agreement among themselves in order to agree on the course of action that should be followed jointly.
III. If, as a result of this agreement, there was a need for military action, such action should be in accordance with a special convention to be concluded by Their Majesties.
IV. If one of the high contracting parties, in an effort to regain full independence of action, wishes to denounce this act, it is obliged to give two years' notice in order to give the other party time to take such measures as it deems appropriate."
2. The creation of this agreement was influenced by the results of the Crimean War.
3. Material refers to the Schönbrunn Convention
4. The family of the awarded general came from the Rurikovich family.
5. The order was given by Paul I.
6. This document was signed by the emperor, who was subsequently killed by terrorists.
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Mikhailo G[olenischev]-Kutuzov
From a letter from N.P. Panin to A.B. Kurakin
[…] Like you, dear cousin, I am aware of the difficulty of choosing a person who should be my assistant. As a result, I came up with an idea that I submit to your opinion. Since they want to give a preliminary order to General Kutuzov, is it possible to dwell on it and leave him here for a while? I confess that I prefer it to many others. He is smart, capable, and I find that he and I have similarities in our views.
If they send someone else, we will lose precious time studying each other and, so to speak, combining our opinions. Another main reason is that (Kutuzov) was successful at court and in society. They are more accessible to the old soldier here than to anyone else, and with this benefit he combines another: he knows the German language perfectly, which is necessary. Finally, I repeat, I think that he will be more useful than the other and that we will always get along. […]
Reprimand of Paul I to M. I. Kutuzov
Mister Infantry General Kutuzov!
The sending of your quartermaster here for regimental needs, without first receiving My permission, is attributed by Me to nothing other than your whims, for which I am reprimanding you.
Letter from M. I. Kutuzov to P. G. Divov about measures to prevent the spread of the pestilence
February 1800 Vilno
Seeing from foreign newspapers and the information I received from St. Petersburg that the pestilence opened in France, where it spread to the borders of Strasbourg, which, I think and, you are well aware, I am prompted by you, my dear sir, to most humbly ask, if more than aspirations, from which yes The Almighty will protect us, if that disastrous disease touched the borders of Prussia, do not leave a hasty notice, so that I could take appropriate measures in advance to protect the province entrusted to me from this infection by strictly inspecting people traveling from abroad to Lithuania and imported goods. By this you will greatly benefit the one who stays with true respect forever
Mikhailo Golenishchev-Kutuzov
Rescript of M. I. Kutuzov to the Lithuanian Medical Council
From the report delivered to me from the Novogrudok mayor, the court councilor Skalon, I saw that from among those who were there for treatment, those left by the musketeers Berkha, that now the Baklanovsky regiment of the lower ranks 18, 12 people died; I therefore order the medical board to carry out a proper and most accurate investigation into why such a number of deaths out of such a small number followed and whether there were any omissions on the part of anyone in the use and care that should have been used for the sick, and what this will turn out to be, convey to me .
His Imperial Majesty, in His presence in the city of Gatchina, deigned to give the following order.
His Imperial Majesty declares His Highest blessing to the troops who were on maneuvers on this date and to their commanders, General of the Infantry Golenishchev-Kutuzov and General of the Cavalry Count von der Palen, as well as all battalion commanders, while granting the lower ranks a ruble, a glass of wine and a pound beef per person; and, moreover, you deigned to announce to your Majesty that it is very comforting for His Imperial Majesty to see the achievements of the army of such perfection, in which it showed itself in all units under the command of such generals, whose qualities and talents, operating with such troops and such a nation as the Russian one, cannot but approve and fail to ensure the security and integrity of the state. […]
Adjutant General Count Lieven
Rescript from M.I. Kutuzov to Alexander I about the harvest in the Vyborg province
Regarding the grain harvest in the Vyborg province in 1701, this report is presented to Your Highest Imperial Majesty’s discretion, and I have the greatest happiness to imagine that the current harvest is much better than last year’s and that the winter grain sown for next year is for the most part so good that there is no hope for it a bountiful harvest is possible if next spring, after the snow melts and when the earth begins to melt, there are no strong morning frosts and northern winds, which in that direction often destroy the best types of a good harvest.
General of Infantry Golenishchev-Kutuzov
M. I. Kutuzov’s petition to Alexander I
All-merciful Sovereign!
Having been aggravated by a real illness, after some time I could not hold office; Now, having received relief, I dare to ask Your Imperial Majesty for my will.
No matter how painful it is for me to see the wrath of the meek Sovereign over me, and no matter how sensitive it is, having direct access to this, to relate through another, but, being convinced that my being and strength belong not to me, but to the Sovereign, I obey without grumbling in anticipation of His sacred will.
But if Your Imperial Majesty were not at all pleased with my service, in that case, I most humbly ask you to look upon your merciful dismissal with the eye of more than forty years in military and other positions, long served with honor; for the wounds I have suffered; for my large family; at approaching old age and at my rather upset state from being promoted from one place to another; and to the boundless devotion to your person, Sovereign, which, perhaps, my shyness or the image of my address before Your Imperial Majesty overshadows.
Most Gracious Sovereign, Your Imperial Majesty's all-subject
Golenishchev-Kutuzov, infantry general
From a letter from M.I. Kutuzov to his wife, E.I. Kutuzova, about the state of affairs in Goroshki
I am still very pleased with the new housekeeper: he is a professor, but God grant that he has at least half of the honesty against his intelligence. And a fool will not do half of what could be done. I haven’t left my borders for three weeks and tomorrow I’m going to a farm 25 miles away, where I’ve never been before.
They removed the bread, that is, rye and wheat. The harvest was good, the wheat was born tenfold, and the rye was smaller - they cheated in sowing - less was sown than they showed, or the men stole it from the steward. As soon as all the grain is removed, we need to start working on the buildings; there is not a decent winery, not a single brewery - which is an important point here, especially in Raygorodok. The distillery will be a decent size for eight boilers, but a lot needs to be built in Raigorodok for the Jews. Here are my exercises.
From a letter from M. I. Kutuzov to his wife, E. I. Kutuzova
Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov
Victory tactics
Study and beginning of service (1759–1763)I. M. Kutuzov to the director of the Artillery and Engineering School, General-Fieldmaster P. I. Shuvalov
I have a son, Mikhail, eleven years old, who for the first specified term, being then seven years old, was presented to the Governing Senate in the herald-master's office, from which he was sent to the house for learning Russian literacy until 1760 until the month of July.
From that time on, he studied Russian literacy and basic German, spoke and translated French, although imperfectly, and completed his grammar in Latin and began translating. He also drew arithmetic and geometry and fortification in one manner. And a few drawings, also history, geography and some sciences that belong to artillery, such as arithmetic, geography and fortification.
At my request, and by order of His Excellency from the fortification of Major General Muravyov, this son, through engineer-captain-lieutenant Shalygin, was examined.
And since this son of mine has a zealous desire and desire to serve Her Imperial Majesty in the artillery corps, for the sake of your high Lordship I most humbly ask that you order the said son of mine to be assigned to the artillery corps at will, and to be given to me for training in artillery and finishing the sciences he has begun.
Engineer Colonel Larion G[olenischev]-Kutuzov
At my request, this July 21st, a decree sent to me from the Governing Senate ordered the minors: state councilor son Yakov Nartov, engineer-colonel son Mikhail Kutuzov […] to be assigned to the Artillery School. For this reason, the Artillery and Engineering School has declared minors to enroll as students and know that the order given from me to the artillery by Mr. Lieutenant General and Cavalier Glebov was ordered to enroll them as corporals to encourage them to study, and if they wish, to teach artillery science, on your cat on vacation to the house, then with these passports you will be released upon his consideration.
Count Peter Shuvalov
Order of the director of the Artillery and Engineering School, General Feldzeichmeister P. I. Shuvalov, on leaving M. I. Kutuzov at the school
According to the proposal of this school, artillery captain Mikhail Kutuzov, for his special diligence in languages and mathematics, knowledge, and moreover, what belongs to an engineer, has an inclination, as an encouragement to others, on this date I was promoted to the engineering corps of the first class as a conductor, about which the Artillery and Engineering School being known, he, Kutuzov, has this rank of conductor announced, sworn in allegiance to the service and left as before at the school, to assist officers for training others; and about the same from me, the gentlemen of the artillery and engineering generals were ordered and proposed to fix the salary in the Office of the Main Artillery and Fortification.
Count P[etr] Shuvalov
Warrant to the Artillery and Engineering School
On the 28th February 28th, which followed from His Excellency's general promotion to chief officers in the engineering corps, 1st class canditors Mikhail Golenishchev-Kutuzov, Afanasy Malygin, Volodimir Voeikov and Nikolai Grekov, who were at this school, were promoted to engineer-warrant officers and should become active service; why does the school, having announced those ranks, present them for distribution to His Excellency’s drawing room?
Authentic signed by Major General and Cavalier
Mikhailo Dedenev
Characteristics compiled by A.V. Suvorov and approved by the St. Petersburg Chief Commandant, Lieutenant General I.I. Kostyurin
February 1763
He is diligent in the position of his rank and does not leave the service, supports his subcommands, teaches military exercises decently and has diligence for this, did not repent for laziness for the sake of the sick and in everything behaves as an honest chief officer should, and as he is neat according to his rank , and no disorder comes from him, and no such vices as in the decree of the State. written by the board on January 20, 1756, he has no reason to be worthy of his diligent service to increase his rank.
Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)
From the report of the Commander-in-Chief of the 1st Army, General-in-Chief P. A. Rumyantsev to Catherine II about the Battle of Ryabaya Mogila
[…] As Quartermaster General Bour was more knowledgeable than others about the surroundings of those places through which it was necessary to pass to the enemy, then in the hope of this, and no less than his excellent art, I entrusted him with being the leader of this corps even to the enemy camp, where to carry out attack on him, all the more reliable because I followed in his footsteps with the army, ready for any help.
Our order was to attack, so that Quartermaster General Bour would go behind enemy lines, making a march at night on the 11th of this month, and at the same time, from his corps, Lieutenant General Prince Repnin would assist him in transporting part of the troops across the Prut, to This is what these two commanders agreed upon, and pontoons were sent to Prince Repnin for crossing.
One time was only needed to fulfill this assumption, but we did not win it from the Turks, for they only just noticed the movement of Quartermaster General Bour, which could not be hidden from them in any way, since the heights of the most distant phenomenon in these places are clearly visible to the eye, then on the 10th in the afternoon at 4 o'clock, leaving part of their infantry in retrenchment against Prince Repnin, they used the rest of their forces, extending up to 20,000, to attack the corps of Quartermaster General Bour and marched straight towards him.
This general, as soon as he noticed their movement, then led a resistance attack to meet them and, on his part, intended, having converged, to strike at them before they even stretched out their hands. The enemy, avoiding the bold advance of our troops, did not approach to such a distance that the granaders could deal, and although Quartermaster General Bour got as close as possible to him with his corps, the coming night prevented him with great success act.
So, having run 15 versts from the camp where Quartermaster General Bour now stands, above the Ryabaya Mogila, six versts from the army, the enemy stopped at the heights leading to Bendery and Falchi. He would not have found salvation for himself this time through his usual means of escape, if Lieutenant General Prince Repnin, for his part, could have sent troops to assist the corps advancing on him, but he could not do this, for no matter how hard he tried as quickly as possible to bring the sent pontoons to themselves, but, in a hurry by all means, they did not arrive earlier than before the evening, and the bridge was not built before 10 o’clock in the afternoon.
Having driven out the enemy, we took possession of two large mortars and have all his pontoons in our hands, which, being constrained, he could not take with him; Also, in skirmishes, hunters wounded and killed several Turks.
Quartermaster General Bour, in the action described above, highly praises the battalion commanders Count Vorontsov, Neibush, Prince Menshikov and others for perfect order and fearlessness, and no less gives justice to engineer-lieutenant-colonel Falkenschild, who commanded the pickets, for his zeal for service, to lieutenant colonel Prince Dolgorukov, who commanded a company in the battalion of Count Vorontsov, Major Peutling, who commanded the Cossacks, captains Knoring, Kutuzov, Gandvikh and Berg.
In a word, he recommends that all the ranks in his corps were not afraid of danger or work and willingly went to attack the enemy, but only his flight, to further distinguish himself, delayed the real event. […]
Count Pyotr Rumyantsev
From the journal of military operations of the 1st Army about the awarding of M.I. Kutuzov for distinction in the battle of Lagre on July 7, 1770.
[…] On the same and the next day, that is, on the 8th, His Excellency [P. A. Rumyantsev], on the recommendations of those in command of the corps and according to his own experience, awarded ranks to those who had distinguished themselves by their exploits in this matter, namely: to prime major, second-major Michelson, Varfolomey Potresov, Baron Ivan von Fersen; to chief quartermaster of the prime major rank of divisional quartermasters: Bogdan Knorring, Ivan Bouwer, Karl Gandvig and captain Mikhail Golenishchev-Kutuzov.
Adjutant General Peter Zavadovsky
From the journal of the Military Collegium about the transfer of M.I. Kutuzov from the General Staff to the Smolensk Infantry Regiment
Reported according to reports and reports
From Mr. General Field Marshal and Cavalier Count Pyotr Aleksandrovich Rumyantsev.
That Chief Quartermaster Mikhail Golenishchev-Kutuzov, due to the lack of a vacancy in the General Staff of that rank and at his own request, was renamed prime major and assigned to the Smolensk infantry regiment.
They ordered this prime minister from the General Staff to be turned off and written to the list available at the College about army staff officers and where decrees should be sent. […]
Chernyshev
Baron Thomas von Dietz
Reinhold von Essen
Petr Yazykov
From the report of the Commander-in-Chief of the Crimean Army, Chief General V.M. Dolgorukov to Catherine II about the battle of Alushta and the wounding of M.I. Kutuzov
Preparation for the Unified State Exam in history, grade 11. Sample test tasks.
1. Arrange historical events in chronological order. Write down the numbers that indicate historical events in the correct sequence in the table.
1) battle on the river Shel they
2) battle on the Vozha River
3) Tokhtamysh’s campaign against Moscow
Answer:
2. Establish a correspondence between events and years: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
| Princess Olga's trip to Drevlyanskaya | |||
| compilation of "The Truth of Yaroslavich" | |||
| Polish siege of Smolensk | |||
| Battle of Liaoyang | |||
Answer:
3. Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of one, belong to the period 1965-1985. 1) CMEA; 2) state farm; 3) VSNKh; 4) State Planning Committee; 5) Gossnab; 6) VDNH.
Find and write down serial number a term relating to another historical period. Answer:
Khrushchev from duties _______________.
Answer: _____________________________________ .
5. Establish a correspondence between processes (phenomena, events) and facts related to these processes (phenomena, events): for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
PROCESSES (PHENOMENA, EVENTS)
A) internal politics of Russia in the middle of the 18th century.
B) general census of lands in the 1570-1580s.
B) new economic policy of Soviet power (1921-1926)
D) transformations into du-
service life
establishment of nobility (25 years)
repeal of the article of the Constitution on the leading and guiding role of the CPSU
3) abolition of universal labor conscription
4) creation of a system of secular education
5) reduction in the number of ministries and departments
6) introduction of “reserved years”
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
Answer:
economic sphere of the Russian state in the first quarter of the 18th century.
6. Establish a correspondence between fragments of historical sources and their brief characteristics: for each fragment indicated by a letter, select two relevant characteristicscharacteristics indicated by numbers. _______________
FRAGMENTS OF SOURCES
“His Imperial Majesty declares His Highest blessing to the troops who were on the maneuvers on this date and their commanders, General of the Infantry Golenischev-Kutuzov and General of the Cavalry Count von der Palen, as well as all battalion commanders, and grants the lower ranks a ruble each, a glass of wine and a pound of beef per person; and at the same time, they deigned to announce to the Highest that it is very comforting for His Imperial Majesty to see the achievements of troops of such perfection, in which they showed themselves in all units under the command of such generals, whose qualities and talents, acting with such troops and such a nation as the Russian one, cannot but approve and not provide security and integrity of the state. ...» “E.v. All-Russian Emperor and H.V. the Emperor of Austria, the King of Hungary, wishing to put into practice the idea that guides their cordial agreement, with the goal of strengthening the peace that now prevails in Europe, and striving to postpone the possibility of war, which could disrupt it, convinced that this goal can best be achieved only by direct and personal agreement between the sovereigns, an agreement independent of changes that might occur in their governments, agreed on the following points:
I. Their Majesties promise each other, even when there is some disagreement in the demands of the interests of their states on particular issues, to come to an agreement so that these differences cannot prevail over considerations of a higher order with which they are concerned. Their Majesties have decided not to allow anyone to separate them on the basis of the principles they consider to be the only ones capable of ensuring and, if necessary, forcibly supporting European peace against any upheaval, no matter where it may come from. P. In the event that an attack from a third power should threaten to disturb the European peace, their Majesties mutually undertake, without seeking or concluding new alliances, to first come to an agreement among themselves in order to agree on the course of action that should be followed jointly.
III. If, as a result of this agreement, there was a need for military action, such action should be in accordance with a special convention to be concluded by Their Majesties.
IV. If one of the high contracting parties, in an effort to regain full independence of action, wishes to denounce this act, it is obliged to give two years' notice in order to give the other party time to take such measures as may be necessary. she deems appropriate.”
CHARACTERISTICS
2) The creation of this agreement was influenced by the results of the Crimean War.
3) The material refers to the Schönbrunn Convention.
4) The family of the awarded general came from the Rurikovichs.
5) The order was given by Paul I.
6) This document was signed by the emperor, who was subsequently killed by terrorists.
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
Answer:
7. Which of the following was characteristic of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality in the 12th-13th centuries? Select three positions. Write it down in the table numbers , under which they are indicated.
1) underdevelopment of veche traditions
2) the independence of the boyars and their desire to limit princely power
3) the central role of the mayor
4) the Grand Duke's supreme ownership of the land
5) fragile positions of the boyar nobility
6) calling the prince to the throne by agreement
Answer:
8. Fill in the gaps in these sentences using the list of missing elements below: for each sentence marked with a letter and containing a blank, select the number of the required element.
A) For 58 days and nights, 24 soldiers led by Sergeant__________ heroically defended a four-story house in the city center from the Nazis.
B) After a 250-day heroic defense on July 4, 1942, Soviet troops left_______.
B) The battle of _____________ allowed the Soviet command to gain time to prepare the defense of Moscow.
10Missed elements:
1) S.L. Redfin
2) Sevastopol
3) Smolensk
4) Simferopol
5) Ya.F. Pavlov
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
Answer:
9. Establish a correspondence between events and participants: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
A) Crimean War 1853-1856.
B) Patriotic War of 1812
B) Russian-Turkish war 1768-1774.
D) Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878.
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
PARTICIPANTS K.P. Pobedonostsev P.D. Kiselev M.T. Loris-Melikov
4) A.Kh. Benckendorff
5) A.V. Suvorov
Answer:
Read an excerpt from the memoirs and indicate the author's last name
“Until now I have not dared to publish my notes about Rasputin. I did not want to touch on those events that were fatally connected with the reign of the martyred Sovereign Emperor Nicholas II. To avoid severe disappointments and mistakes in the future, you need to know the mistakes
past: to know the truth of yesterday. As a close witness to some of the events of this yesterday, I want to tell you everything I saw and heard about them. For the sake of this, I decided to overcome in myself that painful feeling that rises in my soul upon close contact with the past, especially when remembering its terrible denouement in the basement of the Ipatiev House. When Rasputin stood like a black shadow near the throne, all of Russia was indignant. The best representatives of the highest clergy raised their voices to defend the Church and the Motherland from the encroachments of this criminal rogue. Those closest to the Royal Family begged the Tsar and the Empress to remove Rasputin.
Everything was to no avail. His dark influence became more and more strengthened, and along with this, discontent in the country grew more and more, penetrating even into the most remote corners of Russia, where the common people sensed with a sure instinct that something was wrong at the heights of power.
And therefore, when Rasputin was killed, his death was greeted with universal rejoicing.”
Answer: _____________________________________.