Self-management and its main functions. Self-management: concepts, concepts, principles

FEDERAL STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
"SIBERIAN ACADEMY OF PUBLIC SERVICE"

INSTITUTE FOR RETRAINING SPECIALISTS

HR MANAGEMENT

(department)

SELF-MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY

(discipline)

Written control task
for students and students of distance learning

Student	__ Meskaya Ekaterina Vasilievna _______
Group	____№08428___________________________
date	____14.03.2010_________________________
Signature

Teacher	______________________________________
date	______________________________________
Grade	______________________________________
Signature	______________________________________

Novosibirsk 2010

Introduction

1 .Main part

1.1 Self-management from the standpoint of theoretical approaches

1.2.Functions, goals, tasks of self-management

1.4 Stages of mastering the technology of self-management

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

Managing an organization in our dynamic time is a complex job that cannot be done successfully with simple, dry, memorized formulas. The leader must combine an understanding of general truths and the significance of the many variations that make situations different from one another. The manager must understand and take into account the critical factors or components of organizations (internal variables), as well as the forces affecting the organization from outside (external variables), and also take into account the impact of the organization on society.

The point of view has become widespread that there is a management process applicable to any organization, which consists in the implementation of the functions that each manager should perform.

The strength of modern management, its core, lies, on the one hand, in the fact that it originates from a person, his needs and goals, from the transformation of knowledge, experience and achievements of scientific and technological progress into a productive force. On the other hand, the driving force behind modern management, both visible and invisible, lies in the creative application of information technologies. A systematic approach in self-management helps to explain new results and emerging contradictions; reveal complex systemic foundations in their formation and development; transcend the limits of narrow psychological consideration. In a systematic approach, the essence of self-management is that, on the one hand, it is a function of a self-organized system, and on the other hand, it is a system-forming factor in mental and socio-psychological processes. With the help of self-management, through the phenomena of interaction and relationships, the interconnections of the main and socio-psychological phenomena, personality and team, personality and activity, team and activity are realized and revealed. A systems approach helps to identify the reasons for making ineffective decisions, it also provides tools and techniques for improving planning and control.

Self-management can also be viewed from the standpoint of self-regulation. Self-regulation aims to bring oneself back to normal, to a normal state, to maintain, including automatically, constancy or change in the required order, either at the initiative of the manager himself or of an adaptive type, which essentially boils down to a simple adaptation to the existing environment. Behavior and activity is a manifestation of consciously voluntary self-regulation. Mental self-regulation is included in almost any system related to the management of human capabilities and resources. This regulation of mental activity affects in a conscious and unconscious form all the processes and reactions of the body, including those that are beyond the control of consciousness. The peculiarity of personal self-regulation is that this process is carried out simultaneously with the social regulation of the individual by society. Management, regulation, and self-regulation are aimed at stabilizing, maintaining the system, and are ordering influences. Social processes are streamlined not only with the help of regulators from the outside, but also thanks to self-regulation, self-management.

1.Main part

1.1 Self-management from the standpoint of theoretical approaches

Management influence has a subject and an object of influence. The leader, mastering the psycho-technologies of self-management, influences the environment: energy, information, matter, changes time and space. The leader, managing himself, influences the systems that are in interaction with him. An employee with his complex motivation and behavior is a backbone resource element of an enterprise. An individual is a non-deterministic system with multidimensional parameters, structure complexity and complexity of the description language, multi-purpose orientation of behavior, non-linearity, in which everything is decided by the uncertainty factor. The uncertainty factor is characteristic of many leaders, civil servants, and it is associated not only with the parameter of the external environment, but also with the internal state of the system. The properties inherent in the leader, as a non-deterministic system, which are in development, do not lend themselves to full analysis. The openness of the anthropogenic system causes a state of non-equilibrium in it. The importance of a systems approach lies in the fact that managers can more easily align their specific work with the work of the organization and the whole if they understand the system and their role in it. This is especially important for the CEO, because the systems approach encourages him to maintain the necessary balance between the needs of individual departments and the goals of the entire organization. It makes him think about the flow of information going through the whole system and also emphasizes the importance of communications. Systems thinking not only contributed to the development of new ideas about the organization (in particular, special attention was paid to the integrated nature of the enterprise, as well as the paramount importance and importance of information systems), but also provided the development of useful mathematical tools and techniques that greatly facilitate managerial decision-making, the use of more advanced planning and control systems. Self-regulation of behavior provides immanent self-regulation of consciousness, the presence of self-consciousness.

1.2 Functions, goals, tasks of self-management

Self-management is the consistent and purposeful use of proven methods of work in everyday practice in order to make optimal and meaningful use of your time. Self-management, and more correctly self-management - independence and personal management of oneself. Effective self-government is connected both with human nature and organization, social management. Role, place in the structure, scale of participation, resource intensity of relations, etc. each entity is determined by self-management, temporarily provided and controlled. The task of self-management is the implementation of optimal activities, including professional ones, which include self-assessment, self-control, drawing up a program of actions, technologies, providing new characteristics of the manager’s personality, etc. The main goal of self-management is to maximize one’s own capabilities, consciously manage the course their lives (self-determination) and overcome external circumstances, both at work and in their personal lives. Every person in general, and in particular those who are preparing themselves for the work of an organizer-manager or are already such, first of all, need to be able to turn a situation, which is characterized by disorderly actions due to external circumstances, into a situation of directed and feasible tasks. Even when different tasks fall on you from all sides and the work is downright overwhelmed, thanks to consistent time planning and the use of methods of scientific organization of labor, it is possible to better carry out your activities every day, allocating a reserve of time (including for leisure) for really leadership roles. Many managers are too process oriented rather than results oriented.

1.3 Results of effective self-management

Mistakes of leaders who underestimate self-management:

Doing the right thing instead of doing the right thing;

Solve problems instead of offering creative alternatives;

Save money instead of optimizing its use;

Doing duty instead of achieving results;

Reduce costs instead of increasing profits.

Effective self-management will allow the manager to:

Perform work with less stress;

It is better to organize your personal work;

Get better results of work;

Be less busy with work;

To make fewer mistakes in the performance of their functions;

Get job satisfaction;

To allow less haste, reducing stress overload;

Improve your qualifications;

Achieve best results labor;

Achieve professional and life goals in the shortest possible way.

1.4 Stages of mastering the technology of self-management

Self-management is an independent implementation of a figurative and conceptual program, a technology created by a leader. This is a process, the purpose of which is the formation of appropriate states, personality traits, attitudes towards the world around. There are several stages in this process. The first stage is self-knowledge. This process is the main one for self-development and self-realization of an individual. The main difficulty in the process of self-knowledge is the overcoming of subjectivity in the mental and social terms. Separating oneself into a subject and an object of knowledge requires an employee to have a high level of psychological culture, developed qualities of the psyche (will, thinking, emotions), the ability to introspection, self-esteem and possession of self-control and self-regulation techniques. The purpose of self-knowledge is to identify the possibilities of self-development and self-realization in accordance with reality. The tasks determine the inclusion of self-observation, self-diagnosis, and experiment in the process of self-knowledge. The study of the capabilities and individual psychological characteristics of employees is a necessary condition not only for the development and self-development of professionalism, but also for preparing employees for mastering self-management technologies. The second stage is self-development. In socio-psychological conditions, self-development is a conscious change, a conscious desire of a person to preserve individuality, and the direction and means of change are determined by him. Self-development is aimed at the reproduction and development of a person's ability to self-improve in the process of learning, self-learning and readiness for effective activity. The third stage is work on the reduced time. Temporal parameters largely affect the real possibilities and potential reserves of a person's mental development as a subject of cognition, activity, and communication. The functional integrity of the leader largely depends on how effectively the processes of receiving and processing information proceed, with the help of which the leader displays the world and his own states. To implement the decision taken, the leader requires responsibility, a sense of duty, discipline, self-control, and will. Self-control should accompany all stages of self-management: from setting a goal to implementing the decision.

After passing the "Analysis of my limitations" test, he showed, according to the data, that the degree of development of my abilities and skills is average. Makes an approximate average score of 65-68. The "Are You Physically Healthy" test showed that I am quite active and have a reasonable approach to keeping fit. My score was 12 points. The Rational Nutrition test showed that I have a fairly strong will; that I can follow a healthy and balanced diet. My score was 70 points. Having passed the test “Does a person's health correspond to the profession of a manager”, he showed that my score is 15. Judging by the final test data, my main character traits are calmness and balance. I also need to not pay attention to the little things, and not to dramatize my failures. I think that I need to work on myself, since I have shortcomings, I need to be less nervous at work, teach myself to relax, sometimes relieve stress. And also I think that, since the work is sedentary, during breaks it is more often to walk around the office, but it is better to do a little gymnastics. Airing the office more often and drinking green tea is good for health and also increases mental alertness. I have a lot of disadvantages, I am very shy, and at work when I have some idea, I am afraid to say it, although maybe the management would like it. I read few books, I don't attend trainings at all. Sometimes I leave work for Monday when it could be done on Friday. We can draw the following conclusions: I need to be more self-confident, there was an internal motivation for professional activity; to form skills and qualities that I do not have, I need to develop the existing positive qualities, eliminate my shortcomings. 3.4 Personal growth program, ways and means of its implementation.

I made up the program of my personal growth on the basis of comparing my qualities, knowledge, skills, abilities with the requirements that are contained in my ideal.

Based on my immediate goals, I determined the tasks of self-improvement and the ways and means of their implementation.

1. Tasks Ways and means of self-improvement of implementation

A) To form willpower: Clearly and clearly realize the goal and strive to achieve it.

B) Learn to find ways to perform volitional actions, motivate them.

C) overcome internal obstacles.

D) Overcome external obstacles. More often rely on the facts of biographies, book characters, which are an example of patience, endurance, willpower.

2. Develop perseverance, keep a diary of personal growth; Learn to organize your organization. Work: plan your day, be able to control yourself, master the skills of working with literature, use your free time rationally.

3. Develop memory: take a close look at a familiar and attentive object, then close your eyes, figuratively, vividly, present it in all its details.

Try to get a good look at the thrown and falling object. Then, describe it as accurately as possible.

4. Develop tolerance

5. Learn to: observe yourself. Determine, control what emotional manifestations of emotions and feelings are typical for me; think about actions.

To allow emotions to splash out, not to drive it deep, but to react. This is a secular method that allows you to maintain your physical and mental health.

In the course of my practical work, I did exercises to develop attention, to develop visual memory. Indeed, if you try to do these exercises every day, then attention and visual memory increase, I really liked it. If I used to read, and sometimes I didn’t remember what I read, then after the exercises that I did repeatedly, my memory improved much, and attention became more developed. At work, I began to absorb new information much faster. I got 16 points on the “How well do you do your job” test. I try to master my time, but I'm not always consistent enough to be successful.

K1= 34*1760=59840; K2=34*660=22440; K3=34*1740=59160

K=141440 is my total time capital (in hours). Sometimes I postpone the decision of the problem until tomorrow, when it was possible to do it today. To avoid this problem, I just need to state the problem in writing, determine the purpose of the problem. Sometimes I want to do everything at once, and therefore I get nervous that I don’t have time, I think these are my 2 biggest minuses that need to be corrected.

Time Management Matrix.

Critical situations (there are, but very rarely)

Urgent problems (very often such problems arise: for example, at my job, I work in the courier service of the senior manager and when the client calls, he asks to urgently find out information about the delivery of the goods, since there are very urgent documents. I have to leave all the work I have started and request information or call all branches).

Projects with a "burning" deadline (I don't have this at all, everything is done on time)

Not urgent

Preventive actions, maintenance of personal resources and funds (we hold events, seminars and small trainings to increase sales, expand knowledge and skills through reading, and continuous professional development)

Building connections (I often hold important meetings with clients)

Looking for new opportunities (rare)

Planning (I set plans for the month, for example: we have sales plans at work, and we must fulfill them, respectively, we set ourselves a task and a goal)

Recuperation (after work, rest)

Distractions, some phone calls(at my job you have to always pick up the phone, as customers are constantly calling about orders)

Some correspondence, some messages (messages are also very important for me, especially by mail, they either send a full report on deliveries, or a request that you need to clarify the address of the recipient)

Some meetings (does not happen)

Upcoming urgent matters (very rare)

Common activities (none)

Little things that take time (very rare)

Correspondence (they only bring letters from the post office, mainly an act of work performed, I spend a maximum of 1 minute)

Calls (I answer constantly, depending on how many orders)

Waste of time (it happens when there is no work, I sit playing on the computer)

Idle pastime (very rare)

In my opinion, I am more suited to Quadrant 2. I spend more time on work that belongs to this Quadrant. The main problem is that I try to do too much work at once and distribute my forces into separate, often insignificant, but seemingly necessary things. In my opinion, you need to plan the use of limited time to achieve your goals. I should strive to ensure that, having time to solve many different current issues during the working day, for a certain time to be engaged in only one single task, always to complete only one thing at a time, but consistently and purposefully. At the end of the working day, it is necessary to monitor and reflect not only the achievement of goals, but also the personal situation. Rules for the organization of the working day. I believe these are the main ones:

Rules for starting the working day: start the day in a good mood; start work at the same time whenever possible; rechecking the plan of the day drawn up the day before; first - key tasks; in the morning doing complex and important things; coordinating the plan of the day with the secretary.

Rules for the main part of the working day: good preparation for work; impact on fixing the deadlines for the completion of work; rejection of additional problems that arise; timely pauses, measured pace of work; rational completion of the work begun; maximum use of time; making time for yourself.

Rules for completing the working day: completion of the undone; control over results and self-control; making a plan for the next day; home - always in a good mood.

Conclusion

Getting along with people is management; getting along with time is self-management. Moreover, the quality of the latter determines the effectiveness of the former. Self-management is a way of organizing life. It cannot be perceived as an elementary set of certain rules, fixed by worldly wisdom in proverbs and sayings. It proceeds from the fact of the uniqueness of individual life. Built on pluralistic value systems, self-management is also closely related to the religious way of organizing life, especially in terms of finding new opportunities, strengthening the spirit and will, taming inadequate desires, and enriching life ideas. The development of the manager's personality in self-management is the most important problem of methodological significance. Self-management involves a leading reflection of reality. It is characterized by management by weak signals, orientation to strategic surprises. Self-management is not limited to internal processes, it includes the design of the external social environment in the interests of the subject of management. Self-management refers to the consistent and expedient use of proven methods of work in daily practice, in order to optimally and meaningfully use one's time. Time management is a very personal thing. From the dozens of suggested tips, we must select only those that are right for you and make them work for us. Learning to manage time is not a task for a weak person. The peculiarity of the modern view of the leader as the leader of the team is that he is seen as the bearer of an innovative organizational culture, as the main initiator of consistent changes in the organization. The most important features of a modern leader: professionalism, the ability to lead a team,

the desire to create and maintain a good psychological climate is impossible without work on oneself, without self-management. To implement the decision taken, the leader requires responsibility, a sense of duty, discipline, self-control, and will. Self-control should accompany all stages of self-management: from setting a goal to implementing the decision. In this case, the effective flow of its processes and the achievement of the initially set goals are possible. Every minute looking into your e-mail box, the paper press, which is of no use, ICQ, chats, various kinds of “classmates”, smoke breaks every half hour - this is not a complete list of bad habits in which we often “get bogged down”, forgetting about the goal, which we are striving for. By paying attention to all these “time wasters”, we simply exchange our own lives. Each of us has our own circle of constant communication, which we call friends. Very often this circle tries to influence us, especially if we have any successes or positive ideas. In 4 out of 5 such cases, the environment reacts unambiguously: “Who do you think you are?”, “You won’t succeed”, etc. To achieve your dreams, it is very important to surround yourself with positive people who are eager to act!!!

Bibliography

1. Maslow A. Motivation and personality. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2003. - 352 p.

2. Milner B.Z. Organization theory. M.: INFRA-M, 1999.- 336 p.

3. Human psychology from birth to death. St. Petersburg: Prime EUROZNAK,

4. Shipunov V.G., Kishkel E.N. Fundamentals of management activities. M.:

Meaning, 2000. - 359 p.

5. Udaltsova M.V. Sociology of management. M.: INFRA-M, Novosibirsk:

NGAEiU, 1998. - 144 p.

6. Khrolenko A.T. Self-management M.: "Economics", 1996. - 139 p.

7. Tsypkin.A., Lyukshinov A.N., Eriashvili N.D. Management: NT-DIANA,

2001. - 439 p.

self-management and the formation of the image of the head on the example of the Gymnasium of Foreign Languages
Abstract >> Management
Purposes and functions self-management…………………. Concepts self-management……………………………………… The components of effective self-management…………………... 2. Analysis self-management and systems ... the implementation of which is formed block technologies self-management. Unlike them...
self-management manager (3)
Abstract >> Management
Time. 1. self-management in the management system self-management, goals and functions self-management is ... invisible, lies in the creative application of information technologies. self-management, and more correctly self-management - ...
Content self-management leader
Abstract >> Management
And the invisible lies in the creative application of information technologies. self-management, and more correctly self-management - ... entities are determined self-management, temporarily provided and controlled. aim self-management

"Consciously manage your time,
and your life path will be successful.
Lothar Seivert

Time management is nothing more than the ability to competently plan your work schedule and, no less important, the ability to follow the schedule exactly. All this is done in order to increase productivity, and, consequently, to achieve the highest results.

What does a "time management strategy" include?

First of all, this is an analysis that allows you to determine, . For its implementation, you can use testing, observation, monitoring and studying the collected material.
Drawing up a plan, which is preceded by a clear statement of the problem.
Implementation of the plan. This stage pursues the solution of two types of goals - personal and general. Personal goals are those tasks and responsibilities that you have to perform on your own and for which you do not need outside help. For example, write a statement or write a report on the work you have done personally.
Common goals are those that require outside intervention to achieve. For example, the preparation of a corporate evening, because besides you, others will be involved in it. But, most importantly, to realize that both goals are closely related and it is important to correctly combine their implementation.
Control, audit, prompt response and timely introduction of amendments and additions. Note that the main task is not only to get a good result, but also to spend a minimum of time. Therefore, previously outlined plans should be reviewed and adjusted from time to time in order to bring the maximum return.

Definition of "self-management"

Lothar Seivert, one of the best European experts on time management and head of the German Institute Time Management and Life Leadership, believes that personal management or, as it is also called, self-management, is the daily application of proven methods and techniques that increase efficiency on a personal level. practice.

His main task is to learn how to maximize his potential and consciously direct life in the right direction.

Functions and methods of self-management

Personal management performs a number of functions. Together, these 5 core functions make up the "circle of rules", which includes: goal setting, planning, decision making, implementation of plans, and control. In the center of this circle there is another function - information and communication. But you should not distinguish between them - after all, they are all quite closely related to each other and often intersect in the implementation process.

To achieve goals, self-management uses many different techniques. Most of them are well known to us. Let's look at the most popular of them, try to understand what personal management functions they help to implement, and what benefits we get from using them.

Goal setting. This function can be achieved through the use of such self-management methods as: competent formulation of the goal, SWOT analysis, choice of a strategic line of conduct. Using these techniques allows you to see weaknesses and shortcomings and focus on eliminating them.
Planning. The effective implementation of this function is accompanied by the use of the following self-management techniques - daily, monthly and annual planning, drawing up operational and strategic plans, using the principles of time management and Benjamin Franklin's time management system, keeping "Time Diaries" and drawing up a "plan of the day" using the Alps method. ". All this helps not only to correctly redistribute working time, but also save from several minutes to several hours daily.
Making decisions. The implementation of this function requires the use of methods such as delegation of authority, prioritization, the 80/20 rule (Pareto law), the Eisenhower method and ABC analysis. All of them are aimed at the priority solution of the most important tasks and allow you to avoid deadlines.
Implementation and organization. To perform this function, it is customary to examine your biorhythms and make a productivity schedule in order to identify the most effective time for work, and then, in accordance with them, make plans for the day. This allows you to achieve better results due to the correct redistribution of time.
Control. This function requires both control over the execution process and control of the final results. It allows you to compare what is planned with what comes out in the end. Over time, this leads to a more accurate implementation of the tasks.
Information and communications. At the stage of implementation of this function, methods such as the use of memos, competent negotiation, the rational use of communication tools and the optimally fast search for the required information are used.

Before choosing the methods and techniques that are most suitable for you, you should conduct a thorough analysis of the working day and determine what exactly your time is spent on.

Recommendations for improving the effectiveness of personal management

Do not forget and transfer part of the work to employees and colleagues.
The most difficult and important things to plan for the first half of the day and start easier and more enjoyable only after they are successfully completed.
Throw 20-30% of the time in case of force majeure or urgent cases.

Using a time management strategy and mastering the skills of personal management will help you organize your working day correctly and thereby significantly improve the results of your work.

A manager by type of work has to spend a lot of time on solving routine issues: talking on the phone, preparing reports, holding meetings, monitoring and checking completed tasks, and if he does not plan his time in advance, they can gradually load the whole day, leaving no time to solve global problems. questions. In such conditions, the efficiency of the leader decreases, and all attention is already directed to current affairs, and not to the result. Well-established self-management methods will help to detect and eliminate the leakage of time and help the manager achieve the main goals of the company in a shorter way.

Self management plays important role and in the formation of the image of the leader, without him a successful career is doomed. The boss must lead and motivate subordinates, but a person cannot effectively manage others if he has not learned to manage himself. Personal growth implies self-development and work on oneself. The higher the personal and professional qualities of the manager, the easier the employees obey him.

Fundamentals of self-management

Self-management is the consistent use of proven methods of work in daily practice for meaningful optimal use of time.

The goal of self-management is to use your abilities to the maximum, consciously manage the course of your life and overcome external circumstances in your personal life and at work.

There are 6 main functions of self-management: goal setting, planning, decision making, implementation of plans, control, communication and information. They allow you to solve various tasks and problems on a daily basis. Various tools and methods of self-management help to carry out these functions and achieve their goals. To understand what self-management functions they help to implement and what are their advantages, let's consider the most common of them.

Goal setting. This function can be performed using methods such as SWOT analysis, correct goal setting, and choice of behavior strategy. These techniques allow you to consider weaknesses and direct efforts to eliminate them.
Planning. Self-management tools will help to implement this function - annual, monthly and daily planning, drawing up strategic and operational plans, using the tasks of time management and the Benjamin Franklin time management system, keeping "Time Diaries" and drawing up a plan for the day using the "Alps" method. This contributes to the correct distribution of time and saving up to several hours every day.
Making decisions. To implement this function, tools such as the Pareto law, the Eisenhower method, prioritization, delegation of authority, ATV analysis are used. They are aimed at solving the most important tasks in the first place, with their help you can avoid deadlines.
Organization and implementation. To perform this function, they usually examine their biorhythms and build a productivity graph to determine the most productive time of work, and then, focusing on them, make a daily plan. This contributes to the improvement of work results due to the correct redistribution of time.
Control. The function is aimed at controlling the process of performing work and checking its final results. It makes it possible to compare the planned with the final result. As a result, this contributes to a more correct execution of the planned tasks.
Communications and information. The following methods are used in the implementation of the function: the use of memos, competent negotiation, fast, optimized search for the desired information, and the judicious use of communication tools.

The benefits of self-management are clear:

Start working on yourself today, and you will have a solid foundation to develop your career. Career self-management is the key to future success!

Management methods- ways, methods of influence of the subject on the object of management (not excluding the reverse impact of the object on the subject), the leader on the team and the team on the leader.
(Management of the organization: Encycl. slov.-M., 2001)

In order to achieve the goal, it is necessary to influence the members of the managed team with the help of levers and incentives.

The lever (stimulus) of the control action is a means, the use of which allows you to complete the task.

for example, in order to increase labor productivity at the production site, it is necessary to introduce modern equipment, create favorable working conditions - this is a method, i.e. technique that contributes to the achievement of high labor productivity. But this can be achieved only with the help of moral and material incentives for the work of workers - in this case, these are levers that allow the achievement of the intended goal.

Control methods can be divided into 3 groups:

Economic methods of management;

Administrative and legal methods of management;

Socio-psychological (educational) management methods.

Let's take a closer look at each of the management methods.

Economic methods of management

Economic Methods management are ways of influencing personnel based on the use of economic laws and provide the opportunity, depending on the situation, to both “bestow” and “punish”.

This is a system of techniques and methods of influencing performers with the help of a specific comparison of costs and results (material incentives and sanctions, financing and lending, wages, cost, profit, price).

The main methods of management here are the system of wages and bonuses, which should be maximally connected with the performance of the performer. It is expedient to associate the remuneration of a manager with the results of his activities in the area of responsibility or with the results of the activities of the entire company.

The effectiveness of economic management methods is determined by: the form of ownership and business activities, the principles of cost accounting, the system of material remuneration, the labor market, market pricing, the tax system, the structure of lending, etc. The most common forms of direct economic impact on personnel are cost accounting and financial incentives.

Economic calculation is a method that encourages staff as a whole to: compare the costs of production with the results of economic activity (sales volume, revenue), full reimbursement of production costs from the income received, economical use of resources and material interest of employees in the results of labor. The main tools for cost accounting are: independence of the unit, self-sufficiency, self-financing, economic standards, economic incentive funds (wages).

Financial incentive is carried out by establishing the level of material remuneration (wages, bonuses), compensations and benefits. Wages are part of the gross domestic product, which is reflected in the cost of production and distributed in a market economy among individual workers based on the quantity and quality of labor expended, as well as supply and demand for marketable products.

Administrative and legal methods of management

These are methods of direct influence, having a directive, mandatory character. They are based on discipline, responsibility, power, coercion.

There are five main ways of administrative and legal influence: organizational and administrative influence, disciplinary responsibility and penalties, liability and penalties, administrative liability and penalties.

Organizational Impact is based on the operation of approved internal regulations governing the activities of personnel. These include: the charter of the organization, the organizational structure and staffing, regulations on divisions, the collective agreement, job descriptions, internal regulations. These documents can be issued in the form of enterprise standards and are put into effect by the order of the head of the organization. The practical implementation of organizational impact is largely determined by the level of business culture of the organization, the desire of employees to work according to the rules prescribed by the administration.

Regulatory influence is aimed at achieving the goals of management, compliance with the requirements of internal regulatory documents and maintaining the specified parameters of the management system through direct administrative regulation. Among the administrative influences include: orders, instructions, instructions, instructions, labor rationing, coordination of work and control of execution.

Order is the most categorical form of administrative influence and obliges subordinates to accurately execute the decisions made in deadlines. Failure to comply with the order entails appropriate sanctions from the management. Orders are issued on behalf of the head of the organization.

Disposition unlike the order, it does not cover all the functions of the organization, it is mandatory for execution within a specific management function and structural unit. Orders are usually issued on behalf of the deputy heads of the organization in the areas.

Directions and instructions are a local type of administrative influence, aim at the operational regulation of the management process and are aimed at a limited number of employees.

briefing and coordination of work are considered as management methods based on teaching subordinates the rules for performing labor operations.

Disciplinary responsibility and penalties. Discipline is obligatory obedience for all employees to the rules of conduct determined in accordance with the Labor Code, other laws, collective agreements, agreements, labor contracts and local regulations of the organization. The employer is obliged to create the conditions necessary for employees to comply with labor discipline. The labor schedule of the organization is determined by the internal labor regulations.

For committing a disciplinary offense, i.e. non-performance or improper performance by the employee due to his fault of the labor duties assigned to him, the employer has the right to apply the following disciplinary sanctions: reprimand, reprimand, dismissal on appropriate grounds.

The legitimacy, validity and expediency of applying disciplinary measures are ensured by compliance with the following legislative requirements:

disciplinary liability is applied only upon the commission of a disciplinary offense in accordance with the list of disciplinary sanctions, which is exhaustive and not subject to extended interpretation;

only officials vested with disciplinary power by law can impose disciplinary sanctions;

the imposition of a penalty must be preceded by a written explanation of the offender, and in case of refusal of a written explanation, an appropriate act must be drawn up;

disciplinary sanction is applied immediately after the discovery of the act, but no later than one month from the date of discovery, not counting the time of illness or stay of the offender on vacation, and also no later than six months from the day the misconduct was committed, and based on the results of an audit, audit of financial and economic activities or an audit checks - no later than two years from the date of its commission;

for each violation of labor discipline, only one disciplinary sanction may be imposed;

a disciplinary sanction is announced in the order, brought to the attention of the employee against receipt within three days and, if necessary, brought to the attention of all personnel of the organization;

the disciplinary sanction is terminated after a year from the date of its imposition, if the employee has not been subjected to a new sanction during this time, and can also be removed ahead of schedule if the employee behaves positively.

Disciplinary sanctions are imposed by the head of the organization, as well as officials of the organization, who, in statutory appropriate rights are delegated.

Socio-psychological methods of management

Psychological management methods play an important role in working with personnel, they are aimed at a specific person and, as a rule, are individual. The main feature of these methods is that they are aimed at the inner world of a person, his personality, intellect, feelings, images, behavior and allow you to focus the internal potential of an employee on solving specific production problems.

Methods of psychological influence are the most important components of psychological management methods. They summarize the necessary and legally permitted methods of psychological impact on personnel to coordinate the actions of employees in the process of joint production activities. The permitted methods of psychological influence include: suggestion, persuasion, imitation, involvement, inducement, coercion, condemnation, demand, prohibition, censure, command, deceiving expectations, hint, compliment, praise, request, advice, etc.

Suggestion is a purposeful psychological impact on the personality of a subordinate by the leader by referring to group expectations and motives for inducing work.

Belief based on a reasoned and logical impact on the psyche of the employee to achieve the goals, remove psychological barriers, eliminate conflicts in the team.

Imitation is a way of influencing an individual employee or social group through a personal example of a leader or other leader, whose behavior patterns are an example for others.

Involvement is a psychological technique by which employees become accomplices in the labor or social process (making agreed decisions, competition, etc.).

Motivation is a positive form of moral influence on the employee, increasing the social significance of the employee in the team, when emphasized positive traits employee, his experience and qualifications, motivation for the successful completion of the assigned work.

Compulsion- this is an extreme form of psychological influence in the absence of the results of other forms of influence, when an employee is forced to perform certain work against his will and desire.

condemnation is a technique of psychological influence on an employee who allows large deviations from the moral norms of the team or whose work results are extremely unsatisfactory. Such a technique cannot be applied to employees with a weak psyche and is practically useless for influencing the backward part of the team.

Requirement has the force of command and can be effective only when the leader has great power or enjoys unquestioned authority. In many respects, a categorical requirement is analogous to a prohibition, acting as a mild form of coercion.

Prohibition provides an inhibitory effect on the personality and is essentially a variant of suggestion, as well as restrictions on unlawful behavior (inactivity, attempts at theft, etc.).

censure has persuasive power only in those conditions when the employee considers himself a follower and is psychologically inextricably linked with the leader, otherwise the censure is perceived as a mentor's edification.

Command is used when accurate and fast execution of instructions is required without discussion and criticism.

Deception expectations is effective in a situation of intense expectation, when previous events have formed a strictly directed train of thought in the employee, which has revealed its inconsistency and allows him to accept a new idea without objection.

Hint- this is a method of indirect persuasion through a joke, an ironic remark and an analogy. In fact, the allusion does not refer to consciousness and logical reasoning, but to emotions. Since the hint is a potential insult to the person, it should be used taking into account the specific emotional state of the employee.

Compliment should not be confused with flattery, he should not offend, but elevate the employee, suggest reflections. The subject of a compliment should be things, deeds, ideas, etc., indirectly related to a particular employee.

Praise is a positive psychological method of influencing a person and has a stronger effect than condemnation.

Request is a very common form of informal communication and is effective method leadership, as it is perceived by the subordinate as a benevolent order and demonstrates a respectful attitude towards his personality.

Advice is a psychological method based on a combination of request and persuasion. In operational work requiring quick decisions, the use of advice should be limited.

self-management

Self-management is the consistent and purposeful use of working methods in everyday practice in order to make optimal and meaningful use of one's time.

The main purpose of self-management is to make the most of your own resources. Consciously manage the course of your life (self-determination) and overcome external circumstances both at work and in your personal life.

It is impossible to effectively manage other people if you have not learned to manage yourself. With their time, their resources - monetary, energy, physical, spiritual. Therefore, effective self-management is the first condition for effective management in general. In this regard, creating conditions for the harmonious development of the leader's personality is the most important task of business owners.

The process of personal management of the head as a whole consists of the following stages:

Planning goals and objectives of management;

Making decisions on the organization of the implementation of the tasks;

Organization of activities to fulfill tasks and achieve goals;

Self-control and control of results.

The personal plan of the head should be closely connected with the long-term and comprehensive plans of the company. It includes the following items:

Planning your management work;

Planning your working time;

Planning work on self-improvement;

Planning for the quality of your life.

When planning his work, the manager must determine the goals and objectives both for the near future and in the strategic aspect. TO typical problems The activities of both middle and top managers include the fact that they devote too little time to the development of the enterprise, planning innovations and various transformations. Also, insufficient attention is paid to issues of coordination and a strategic approach; too much time is spent on routine work that can be delegated to others. Therefore, the manager should think about what tasks can be delegated (transferred to subordinates and removed from the scope of the leader). Simultaneously with the work task, functional responsibility should also be delegated.

Any goal makes sense only when the deadlines for its implementation are set and the desired results are formulated. Therefore, after determining the goal, the manager draws up an individual program of events for himself. Choosing a goal is a mental activity aimed at obtaining a result, and activities are practical actions.

To make a good plan for the use of working time, it is important to know exactly your time budget and the set of planned tasks. It is necessary to prioritize tasks and strictly follow them even when less important tasks are performed much easier and faster than more important ones. When compiling individual plan it is necessary to provide the time necessary for holding various meetings, conversations with colleagues and subordinates, for receiving visitors, for business trips, etc.

Strictly defined hours and days of the week should be allocated for performing regularly recurring work (meetings, parsing mail, receiving visitors, working on the Internet, etc.). This will make it possible to establish such a rhythm of work that will save a significant amount of time. Depending on the nature of the work, it is advisable to plan their implementation, taking into account the well-known in psychology period of “zero fatigue”, which shows changes in working capacity during the working day. Accordingly, problems whose resolution requires an intense expenditure of mental energy and deep analysis should be dealt with in the pre-dinner hours. The least productive time can be devoted to simple and minor issues.

The personal plan must be realistic and uncluttered. An appropriate amount of time should be allocated for unforeseen, random work (one hour a day or half a day a week). The time of meetings, conferences, meetings should be minimal, but at the same time sufficient for the exchange of information. This is facilitated by careful preparation of the event. It is necessary to reserve part of the time for creative work and advanced training. In addition, the manager should constantly monitor the implementation of the personal plan, which makes it possible to identify reserves for further improvement and rational use of working time.

German professor, head of the Institute for Strategy and Efficient Use of Time Lothar Seivert offers the following ten “golden” rules, the implementation of which will help the manager achieve time savings.

1. Form work blocks into which you will include the execution of large or similar tasks.

2. Deliberately retire and set non-working hours.

3. When negotiating, set the rules, as well as determine the necessary time spent to complete certain tasks.

4. Adhere to the principle of setting priorities in the performance of all types of work.

5. If possible, do only really important things (Pareto principle: 20% of things bring 80% of the results).

6. Take full advantage of delegation as a paid service.

7. Do large tasks in small parts (tactics of “slicing salami”).

8. Set deadlines for yourself.

9. Do your main tasks early in the morning (feeling successful).

10. Consciously account for fluctuations in performance levels in your work plans.

We must not forget that the initial condition, objective basis and constructive tool for the formation of a professional manager is the potential of his self-organization. But no matter how significant the role of the individual and the model of self-organization being implemented, the success of the manager's activity depends on real knowledge and the possibility of their effective application in practice. The accumulation, systematization and development of this knowledge determine the content of the science of management. Self-education and self-development are, in fact, continuous and accompany a successful manager throughout his life.

The logical model of knowledge (theories) necessary for a manager for professional activities is built “from the particular to the general”. In this regard, the planning and implementation of self-improvement work is the most important component self-management. If earlier it was believed that personal qualities are given to a person at birth, then at present a different point of view prevails. According to her, the necessary qualities can be developed through training and individual training. So, it would be nice for a successful manager to have special charisma, leadership inclinations, success in communications, discipline, determination, love for people, etc. In any case, the essence of the work of a leader is to use power over people in one form or another to achieve the planned results. . The manager must be aware of what specific levers he uses to do this, and continuously improve his methods of influence.

A certain result of self-management is the quality of life of the manager as a whole. For a successful leader, the characteristic indicators of this quality are creativity, integrity, material and spiritual wealth, comfort, high quality of communication with the management team and other people, continuous self-education and expansion of the manager’s consciousness, etc. In a certain sense, for a manager, work becomes a hobby, and hobbies make work. Spiritual searches, searches for the meaning of life for oneself and subordinates are closely intertwined with the search for development directions and future strategies for the company's behavior. Rest and work also mutually flow into each other. So, the brain sometimes works clearly at odd times (for example, at night), and sometimes during the working day it is simply necessary to be distracted from business thoughts over a cup of coffee (because the most effective decisions come against the backdrop of a relaxed mind).

Thus, self-management is a very extraordinary and creative thing. It grows out of the essence of the manager as a person, out of his awareness of the external and internal world. Successful self-management is the key to the success of management as a whole.

orthobiosis

orthobiosis- rational way of life;

The system-forming condition of long-term human performance.

I.I. Mechnikov

The right way of life the famous Russian medical scientist I.I. Mechnikov called orthobiosis (“ortho” - direct, correct, “bio” - associated with life). Consider what, from the point of view of modern science, are the most important conditions for orthobiosis, the eight commandments of a proper lifestyle.

1. The most important condition for physiological well-being is work. Only by actively working can a person maintain vigor and strength. It is known that L.N. Tolstoy performed daily gymnastic exercises, rode a horse along20 km or more. In winter, despite the frost, he went skating. L.N. Tolstoy said many times that physical labor should be mandatory for people engaged in mental activity: “With increased mental work without movement and bodily labor, there is real grief. I don’t walk around, don’t work with both my legs and my hands for at least one day, in the evening I’m no longer fit: neither to read, nor write, nor even listen carefully to others, my head is spinning, and in the eyes of the stars some kind of night is spent without sleep."

2. The most important condition for orthobiosis is normal sleep. The state of sleep serves as a means of recuperating a person, the correct use of this tool is absolutely necessary.

3. The next condition is “good mood service”, positive emotions. They are provided with a friendly attitude, humor, optimism. Goodwill is a necessary element of the culture of our behavior. It is especially important where a person, on duty, enters into wide communications, communicates with many other people. The French have a worldly wisdom that speaks of how to live: "Laugh together, cry alone." Optimism, which is the most important source of a good mood, can be nurtured and strengthened in oneself. To do this, you need to fix your attention on the good and be able to rejoice in it.

4. Among the conditions for a proper lifestyle, rational nutrition is essential. It should be rational in terms of quality, quantity and mode. Scientists noted that animals in their natural habitat find food very difficult, and a powerful instinct makes them look for it all the time. Experiments show that eating too much is harmful. A rat that is fed to the full lives 2-2.5 years, and a rat that is fed within the required diet (half as much) lives 4 years. The harm of overeating is that, firstly, the excess is deposited in the form of fat deposits under the skin, secondly, more metabolic waste products are formed that have a toxic effect, and thirdly, harmful microbes grow in the large intestine. during the life of a person it is necessary to meet his needs for energy consumption. So, according to researchers, for seventy years a person consumes: water - 50 tons; proteins - 2.5 tons; carbohydrates - 10 tons; table salt - 300 kg; fat - 2.3 tons.

Most of the energy (50-60%) is spent on ensuring human life (the work of the brain, internal organs, cardiovascular and respiratory systems), 10-15% of the energy is spent on the assimilation of food itself, 30-40% is spent on ensuring human physical activity including his work. In life, it is necessary to follow the expression: "I eat in order to live, and I do not live in order to eat."

5. Elimination of bad habits - smoking, alcohol abuse and drug addiction - is an integral part of orthobiosis. Smoking and alcoholism, these so-called minor drug addictions, bring great harm. People have understood this since ancient times. So in ancient Sparta, where they tried to raise only healthy and full-fledged people, there was even a custom: babies born 9-10 months after the grape harvest period (when people drank a lot of grape wines) were thrown off the cliff without regret. It was believed that neither a good warrior nor a good mother from such a baby, conceived in a drunken state, would work. The liver is severely affected by alcohol: its cells gradually die and are replaced by scar tissue; the so-called cirrhosis of the liver develops, and it ceases to properly fulfill its barrier protective role. Nicotine is a neurovascular poison. He "beats" a modern person in the most painful place: it increases atherosclerosis. If smokers die from myocardial infarction at 11, then from lung cancer 13 times more often than non-smokers. According to scientists, smokers live 10 years less.

6. Compliance with the regime, i.e. the performance of a certain activity of the body at a certain time leads to the formation of conditioned reflexes in the brain for a while. As a result, the usual time for eating sets the body to take and digest food, and the usual time for work - to the appropriate form of activity. The brain does not have to “swing” every time, tuning in to a new activity. Because of this, firstly, the brain saves resources, and secondly, the work proceeds better. Observations confirm that many outstanding scientists are distinguished by enviable longevity. One of the reasons for this, according to scientists, is the strict observance of the regime.

7. Hardening of the body is an important condition for orthobiosis. Under hardening understand the process of adapting the body to adverse external influences, mainly to the cold factor, and this adaptation is achieved by using the natural forces of nature: sunlight, air, water.

8. Physical exercise, a sufficient amount of physical activity is the most important element of physical culture and a proper lifestyle. Modern technical progress brings to humanity the danger of hypokinesis, immobility. It immobilizes us in the full sense of the word, displacing intensive muscular work from the sphere of production, and from the sphere of everyday life, and from the sphere of movement. The resulting deficit of muscle activity is a huge danger. In mature years, age reduces the body's capabilities, and physical exercises increase them, they qualitatively give a different result than the age trend, counteract aging.

From the book of M.M. Vilenchik Biological bases of aging and longevity.

V.M.'s survival formula Shepel

The survival formula of Professor V.M. Shepel: for every 6 hours of wakefulness, there should be 1 hour dedicated to yourself, your rest, and health.

The initial considerations for its derivation were that the daily time of a person's life should be reasonably used in order to ensure his physical, mental and moral health. Conditions are defined for each health indicator.

As such, three groups are distinguished: physical strengthening - recreation, mental relaxation and liberation from negative emotions - relaxation, moral purification and exaltation - catharsis.

In orthobiosis, recreation, relaxation and catharsis are singled out as specific measures that allow maintaining health and increasing efficiency.

The above three groups are components of the model of a reasonable lifestyle. On its basis, an individual model of orthobiosis is being developed. The more harmoniously recreation, relaxation and catharsis are represented in it, the more preferable are the chances of a particular person in the effective performance of his work, in self-expression of his best personal and business qualities. Hence the increased interest of a person in knowing the survival rate and strict observance of the parameters of the "survival formula".

The survival rate derived from this formula is presented as a fraction: in the denominator - time of day minus sleep time; in the numerator - the amount of time used for recreation, relaxation and catharsis.

When numerically determining the survival rate, the physiological norm of sleep, according to IP Pavlov, - six hours - was taken as a constant unit in the temporary mode of life. If you subtract sleep time from the time of day, it turns out that there are 18 hours of vigorous activity or a three-time six-hour cycle. This confirms the existence of a three-time six-hour cycle in the functioning of our body, that is, for every six hours we need a one-time or hourly recharge in the form of recreation, relaxation and catharsis.

When translating formulas into a numerical expression, we get:

It can be concluded that in order to maintain productive working capacity and vitality, it is useful to allocate one hour for recreation, relaxation, catharsis for every six hours (except for sleep). The specific distribution of time for each component of orthobiosis should be carried out based on thespecific indicators of the state of health, the nature of work, the ecology of the conditions in which human life takes place. It is important to harmoniously correlate the time of sleep and the time of physical and spiritual activity. In no case should one neglect the physiological norm of sleep, during which the brain receives rest and restores its vitality, failure or deviations insleep duration can lead to disruption nervous system and negative impact on the physical condition of a person.

The coefficient of "survival" is determined by how reasonably planned and used working and free time in order to maintain physical, mental and moral condition. First of all, every day

learn to set aside at least three hours for recreation, relaxation and catharsis activities. It can be: physical activity (morning jogging or playing sports); visiting the office of psychological relief; auto-training during working hours.

When creating your model of a smart lifestyle, use the following recommendations developed by doctors, psychologists and nutritionists:

Stick to a rational and balanced diet - at least 1500 kcal

in a day;

The structure of nutrition should be appropriate for your age;

Find the right job for you;

Love and tenderness are the best anti-aging drugs;

Have your own point of view;

Charge with physical energy;

Try to sleep only in a ventilated room;

Treat yourself from time to time;

Don't suppress your anger;

Train your thinking (memory, attention).

It is impossible for a leader to achieve success in business without internal self-discipline. The rational organization of personal and working time means the highest degree of preparedness for solving any professional problems. Self-management is a set of measures to mobilize internal opportunities for self-development. Its result is emotional and mental stability, personal smartness and composure.

Self-management: what is meant by this term

For little to know the technological features of production. It is also not enough to master the methodology of competent and managerial skills. The leader must, above all, have the ability to self-organize.

The ability to organize your working day in such a way that it is as efficient as possible means mastering the art of self-management. On this path, the leader treats work and personal time as the highest value.

He uses it only for fruitful activities and is afraid to squander it on insignificant or secondary moments. A once-set goal in business is achieved only with careful respect for every working hour.

It is organized time that leads the leader to success in the profession. Within the framework of this concept, a systematic and methodical use of the methods of organizing one's work and the work of subordinates is assumed.

The main task of self-management is to develop conscious control over the entire course of one's own life.

If in production or in an institution the manager has learned to rationally distribute his and his staff's working hours so that not a single minute is wasted, then this will certainly affect his personal life. The habit of self-organization is the best and most useful habit. It makes life manageable and enjoyable.

Self-Management: Benefits

Systematization in planning upcoming tasks will not be difficult if it is carried out regularly. All efficiency lies precisely in the regular use of self-organization techniques.

Self-management of the head optimizes the image component of the company. When a leader develops his own unique style, this will certainly affect the authority of the entire production. Having mastered the techniques of self-regulation, the manager of any link will not allow circumstances to prevail over him. He himself forms the circumstances and directs them in the direction he needs.

Moreover, self-management as a way of organizing working personal time will provide an opportunity to increase the workload. A person manages to do more in the same period of time, which again affects the final result of the work of the entire company.

The ancient wisdom voiced by Cornelius is fully applicable to the modern concept of self-management: "The most difficult victory is the victory over yourself." A leader who has managed to eradicate the irrational, thoughtless, unplanned use of time resources is able to control all the processes around him.

Such a person does not seek to change events, but he develops a certain attitude towards these events - both in himself and in his subordinate personalities.

Thus, to gain control over time is possible only through the scheduling of work, which provides for each type of activity. At the same time, each labor function should be assigned a strictly defined time and place.

Self-management as a set of specific functions

Everyday work in production is nothing more than a variety of functions that are in a certain relationship with each other. Some of them stem from one another. At the same time, some are more important, and some can be attributed to secondary ones.

Self-management includes several steps that are overcome by the leader in the process of performing any task:

Formation of goals. It is necessary not only to formulate the set goal, but to analyze it and clearly find out its final result.
Systematization of actions to achieve the goal. This stage requires the development of schedules and plans. In addition, the manager should always have several spare options for solving a professional problem. This will give him the opportunity to choose the most optimal of them.
Making decisions on a specific professional task. Decisions should be made taking into account the interests of the company, and not the personal preferences of the head.
Ways to achieve the goal. This refers to the formation of a rigid daily routine. It should reflect all stages of the manager's work day.
Self-control and adjustment of goals. Achieving the goal will be more effective with a self-critical attitude to each decision and action taken. Constant internal control is the best way to adjust your goals and ways to achieve them.

Self-management of the leader requires constant intense analytical work. When making any decisions, the manager must be able to highlight the vital problems for production, which are addressed first.

The common phrase “solve problems as they come” is not appropriate for self-management. It involves passive movement with the flow. If the leader has learned to streamline tasks, then he simply will not allow problems to pile on top of each other. A competent organization of labor automatically means a systematic flow of working days.

The role of communications in the issue of self-management

At each stage of existence, within the framework of self-management, communications and informativeness play an important role. Without the exchange of information, no efforts of the leader are relevant. The decision to be made must be immediately communicated to the staff.

For this purpose, meetings, planning meetings and negotiations are held. But even the most ordinary meeting, with an irrational attitude to time resources, can be stretched out for several hours.

The organization of planning meetings requires a lot of preparatory work. In order for the current meetings on production issues to be held with maximum efficiency and with minimal time costs, it is necessary to prepare for them. And for this, the leader, again, must take an analytical approach in isolating the main tasks that he intends to voice at the workshop.

Good results in this regard are brought by the algorithmization of meetings between departments. If the planning meeting is held in a predetermined order, it will be more organized.

The rational organization of meetings involves the use of demonstrative and visual materials that can replace monotonous reading from a sheet of profile information. The manager will only have to switch the attention of colleagues from one informative stand or from the image on the screen to another.

At the same time, the use of technical informative means simplifies the perception of the necessary information by colleagues. However, to conduct such an express meeting, the leader must have the skills to rationally present the material. And when this principle becomes a habit, meetings are easy and fruitful. They leave with a sense of a job well done.

In a survey of the rational organization of intra-corporate meetings, great importance should be given to rational dialogues.

As part of the management of visits, the manager receives the following benefits:

sees a production problem in place;
has the opportunity to listen to the person responsible for the problem area;
on the spot voices a solution to eliminate this problem.

Rational dialogues within visit management should not be spontaneous. Any exit to the workshop or production site should have a specific purpose. When the workers know that the leader wants to see this and that, they, accordingly, tune in to a purely narrow dialogue. This saves both the time of workers and the time of the manager.

Telephone intracorporate communication as an integral part of self-management

Self-management includes active telephone communication. It should be as rational as possible, concise and very specific. Corporate jokes, which are customary to accompany communication on the phone during the working day, in no case should come from the head.

Rational use of telephony involves preparing for a conversation. In this regard, the voice menu helps a lot, which distributes incoming calls to different departments to specific specialists. This saves working time as much as possible and makes communication more substantive.

In this regard, the role of the leader should be manifested in providing a technical component. For example, virtual telephony, which is gaining popularity, is also convenient because it organizes telephone communication as substantively as possible. If a leader values time resources, then he will definitely pay attention to modern methods of communication.

Checklist as a way to streamline actions within the framework of self-management

The informative part of communications also includes the use of intracorporate forms and checklists. If they are drawn up in detail, but without water and verbosity, they can replace a good meeting with tedious voicing of results or standards.

The checklist is extremely effective way control. It contains a list of upcoming inspections in any type of activity.

Thus, the manager is given the opportunity to plan his professional tasks so that he is always ready to report on each item on the list. For the manager, the list of actions that need to be performed by himself or subordinate personnel is another way to organize the workflow.

At the same time, it does not take much time and practically does not require budget costs. In fact, this is a fundamental testing tool, the task of which is not to let you forget about the most important professional matters.

The manager's self-management must necessarily include the preparation of checklists. This is the best way to determine the sequence of actions and improve the reliability of the conclusions that are obtained from the output.

Self-management: the end justifies the means

The main motive that determines the activity of a manager in the profession should be the goal that he sets for himself. It is precisely the clearly formulated goal that forms the result of the work. The manager's professional goal may be focused on increasing sales or expanding production capacity.

But in any case, it must meet the following criteria:

Be real. It is unreasonable to overestimate the professional or personal bar. Failure to achieve the goal can not only lower self-esteem, but also lead to the collapse of the entire production.
Correlate with time. Every goal has measurability. It makes no sense to set goals that do not have a specific time frame.
Compatibility with secondary targets. A set of directions in the work goals should complement each other. However, the main direction should stand out from them.

It is desirable if the manager himself differentiates the goals into long-term, medium-term and short-term. Their distribution is nothing but work planning. It helps to highlight the main professional guidelines and thereby increase labor motivation.

Self-Management: Personal Resources

If a leader wants to achieve the heights of excellence in his profession, he must objectively assess his own capabilities. Self-criticism is the best way of self-education.

The definition of personal resources involves:

Finally, every manager or leader should be aware that the formation of goals is a permanent process. The goal cannot be static. Once it is reached, it is necessary to move on. Self-management includes continuous self-improvement and development.

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