GLINSKY, Russian-Lithuanian princely family, whose representatives served in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) and in Russia in the 15th-17th centuries. The ancestor is Prince Ivan, recorded for commemoration in the so-called Lyubets Synodik of the early 15th century. Thanks to this, it can be assumed that the Glinskys were descendants of the Olgovichs (a branch of the Rurik dynasty) - the rulers of the Chernigov principality in the 11th-14th centuries. The hereditary possessions of the Glinskys - Glinesk, Glinitsa and Poltava, located on the Vorskla River, were on the southern borders of the former Pereyaslavl principality. According to one version of the genealogical legend, the ancestor of the Glinskys, the father of Prince Ivan Alex, who was baptized into Orthodoxy in Kiev under the name Alexander, for moving with the “patrimony” to serve the Grand Duke of Lithuania Vitovt received from him the volost of Stanko, as well as the city of Khozorov, as a patrimony. Serekov and Gladkovichi. In the genealogical version, compiled in the 1st third of the 16th century and received in Russia the name “Genuine genealogy of the Glinsky princes,” it was stated that not only Alexander, but also his son Ivan went to serve Vitovt. Genealogists claim that Vitovt married Ivan Alexandrovich to Anastasia, the daughter of Prince D. F. Ostrozhsky. Later, Alexander and his son Ivan took part in the battle on the Vorskla River (12.8.1399), in which, thanks to their actions, Vitovt escaped captivity and death and returned to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The description of the campaign and battle, with the exception of the advice of Alexander and Ivan Glinsky, completely coincides with the texts of ancient Russian chronicles, which reveals its literary basis. The genealogical legend, which claimed that Alexander’s father was the Horde backlerbek Mamai (? -1380), was preserved only in private genealogies. Obviously, the attitude towards this artificial version of the origin of the Glinskys was so critical that, despite the Glinskys’ close relationship with Tsar Ivan IV Vasilyevich the Terrible, it was not included in the “Sovereign’s Genealogy” (mid-1550s).
Coat of arms of the Glinsky family.
The sons of I. A. Glinsky are known: Boris Ivanovich (? - after 1446), the founder of the eldest branch of the family, in the 1430-40s he was known for his service at the court of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania Svidrigailo and Sigismund, was a member of the council of the first of them, later joined to the Grand Duke Casimir Jagiellonchik, received a number of land grants, was married to the widow of Prince Ivan Koributovich, who came from the family of the Vorotynsky princes; Fyodor Ivanovich (years of birth and death unknown), his descendants ended with his childless son Mikhail, to whom the descendants of Bogdan Fedorovich Putimsky were mistakenly assigned in Russian genealogies of the 16th and 17th centuries; Semyon Ivanovich (? - after 1481/82), founder of the younger (Cherkasy-Smolensk) branch of the Glinsky family.
From the senior branch of the family, the sons of B.I. Glinsky are known: Lev Borisovich (? - after 1496), served in the appanage court of Mstislav Prince Ivan Yuryevich, grandson of Semyon-Lugven Olgerdovich; Ivan Borisovich the Great (? - until 1496), in 1474, 1479-80, 1492 and 1496 traveled on diplomatic missions to the Crimean Khanate, governor in Chernigov (1492-96); Grigory Borisovich (? - autumn 1503), governor in Ovruch (1496-1503), died in the battle with the Crimean Tatars; Dashko Borisovich (? - until 1496). The sons of L. B. Glinsky are known: Ivan Lvovich Mamai (about 1460 - between 1511 and 1522), governor of Ozha and Perelomsky (1495), marshal of the Gospodar (1501-07), cornet of the zemsky (from 1501), voivode of Kiev (1505) and Novogrudok (1507-08); Vasily Lvovich Blind (about 1465-1515), governor of Vasilizh (1501-05), Slonim (1505-06), headman of Berestey (1506-07), Lithuanian sub-city (1501-1507), was married to the daughter of the Serbian voivode Anna Jakšić ( ? - 1553); M. L. Glinsky (Dorodny). Their sister Fedka married Martin Khrebtovich, the brother of the outstanding statesman of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania - Pan Ivan (Jan) Litavor Bogdanovich Khrebtovich. Thanks to this relationship, the Glinskys managed to regain a prominent position at the Lithuanian grand ducal court. However, after the death of the Grand Duke of Lithuania and Poland, King Alexander (1506), the situation changed. In 1508, the Glinskys, led by M. L. Glinsky, raised an uprising and, after its failure, went into the service of Grand Duke Vasily III Ivanovich. For this departure, Ivan Mamai and Vasily Slepoy received Medyn as their patrimony, and their cousins Dmitry Ivanovich and Ivan Ivanovich Menshoy received estates and feeding. In Moscow they received the status of serving princes.
Sons of D. B. Glinsky: Ivan Dashkovich (? - after 1499), apparently, was involved in the 1481 conspiracy of the princes M. Slutsky-Olelkovich, F. I. Belsky and I. Yu. Golshansky-Dubrovitsky, who were going to kill the great Prince of Lithuania and Poland King Casimir IV and left the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with his estates to serve the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III Vasilyevich, in 1482 he fled to the Russian state (the first case of the Glinskys leaving to serve in Moscow), but by 1486 he returned to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, in 1495 received royal privileges over the city of Gostoml, in 1496 he achieved the transfer of abbotship in the Ovruch monastery in the name of Saints Joachim and Anna to his mother, and in 1499 - confirmation of his rights to Gostoml, Stavki and other estates in the Kiev voivodeship; Vasily Dashkovich (?1506), governor in Cherkassy (1504-06), the estates of his brother Ivan inherited from him after the death of Vasily went to the sons of L. B. Glinsky.
The children of V. L. Glinsky are known: Yuri Vasilyevich (? - 26.6.1547), boyar (early 1547), killed during the Moscow uprising of 1547; Mikhail Vasilyevich (? - 1559), boyar (beginning 1547), 1st governor in Nizhny Novgorod (1542-1543), 2nd governor in Tula (1544), governor in Rzhev Pustoy (1547), 1st governor in Vasilgorod (1548), in Pronsk (1550), participant in the campaign and capture of Kazan (1552), 1st governor in Kazan (1554-55), governor in Novgorod (1556), 2nd governor of a large regiment (1558); E. V. Glinskaya. Son of M. L. Glinsky - Vasily Mikhailovich (? - 1564), boyar (late 1561 or early 1562), 1st governor in Dedilov (1559), participant in the Livonian War 1558-83: 1st governor of a large regiment on a campaign from Yuryev of Livonian to Tarvas (1562), participant in the Polotsk campaign of 1563-64; 1st governor of a large regiment in Kaluga on coastal service (1564). The son of M.V. Glinsky is Ivan Mikhailovich [? - 12(22).4.1601], boyar (1585). He was married to Ekaterina Grigorievna, daughter of G.L. Skuratov-Velsky, thanks to this marriage he became related to Boris Fedorovich Godunov and Prince D.I. Shuisky, married to his wife’s sisters, occupied an important place in the “special court” of Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible and in the Boyar Duma, but did not play an independent role, being a supporter of Boris Godunov. Participant in the Livonian War 1558-83, 1st governor “with the sovereign” in the campaign against Livonia (1578), in 1587 a boyar under the tsar during his campaign with troops in Mozhaisk against the threat from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 1st governor of a large regiment (summer - autumn 1587), participant in the Russian-Swedish war of 1590-92: 8th boyar during the sieges of Rugodiv and Ivangorod; 1st governor of a large regiment in Serpukhov on coastal service (1592). With his death, the senior branch of the Glinskys who served in the Russian state was cut short.
From the younger branch of the family, the sons of S.I. Glinsky are known: Fedor Semenovich (? - after 1503), in the mid-15th century he served the Kiev princes Alexander Olelk Vladimirovich and Ivan Vladimirovich, according to the acquired possession (the village of Borovoe), his descendants are often mentioned in sources as Borovsky -Glinsky. The descendants of F. S. Glinsky's son, Vasily Fedorovich - Mikhail Alexandrovich and his son Semyon Mikhailovich went into Russian service after 1654. On 4(14).3.1686 they submitted the Glinskys’ signature to the Discharge Order, where the legend of their Horde origin was noted, but no mention was made of their alleged ancestor, Mamai. The younger brother of V.F. Glinsky - Bogdan Fedorovich Putimsky (? - after 1522), governor of Putivl (1495-1500; hence the nickname), was repeatedly captured by Russians. At the Russian-Lithuanian negotiations in 1512, it was stated that he went into the service of Grand Duke Vasily III Ivanovich, but representatives of the Lithuanian side did not believe in the reliability of this information and in 1522 again raised the issue of exchanging him for prisoners.
Lit.: Boniecki A. Poczet rodow w Wielkiem Ksiçstwie Litewskiem w XV and XVI wieku. Warsz., 1887; Lyubavsky M.K. Regional division and local government of the Lithuanian-Russian state at the time of publication of the 1st Lithuanian statute. M., 1892; Wolff J. Kniaziowie litewsko-ruscy od konca czternastego wieku. Warsz., 1895. Warsz., 1994; Kiczyпsky S. M. Ziemie czernihowsko-siewierskie pod rzqdami Litwy. Warsz., 1936; Zimin A. A. Russia on the threshold of a new time. M., 1972; aka. Formation of the boyar aristocracy in Russia in the 2nd half of the 15th - 1st third of the 16th century. M., 1988; Bychkova M.E. Genealogy of the Glinskys from the Rumyantsev Collection // Zap. Department of Manuscripts of the Lenin State Library. M., 1977. Issue. 38; she is the same. Composition of the feudal class of Russia in the 16th century M., 1986; she is the same. Belarusian ancestors of Ivan the Terrible // Our Radar. Grodno, 1991. Book. 3. Part 3; she is the same. Genealogy of the Glinsky princes // Historical genealogy. 1994. Vol. 3; Pavlov A.P. Sovereign's court and political struggle under Boris Godunov (1584-1605). St. Petersburg, 1992; Yakovenko N. M. Ukrainian gentry from the end of the 14th to the middle of the 17th century. (Wolin and Central Ukraine). Kiev, 1993; Krom M. M. Between Russia and Lithuania. M., 1995.
Glinsky, princely family of the XV-XVIII centuries. Legendary news of genealogies produce the Glinskys from one of the sons of Mamai, who owned the city of Glinsky in the Dnieper region (which gave the name to the family) and the neighboring Poltava and Glinnitsa. The first Glinsky princes Ivan and Boris are mentioned in a charter of 1437. The Glinsky brothers Mikhail, Ivan and Vasily Lvovich achieved special power in Lithuania in the 15th century. XVI century, led. book Alexandra Kazimirovich. 1. Mikhail Lvovich (“Dorodny”) (born September 1534), statesman. He was brought up at the court of the German emperor. Maximilian, then served Albrecht of Saxony; While in Italy, he converted to Catholicism. Returning to Lithuania in the 1490s, he gradually became the largest nobleman and had a great influence on the leaders. book Alexandra. Glinsky sought to form a separate state from the Russian, Little Russian and Belarusian lands that were part of Lithuania, which caused discontent among the large Lithuanian feudal lords. The new king Sigismund deprived Glinsky of all positions, except for the post of governor of Utena. Mikhail, together with his brothers Ivan (“Mamai”; early 1522) and Vasily Lvovich (“Dark” or “Blind”; early 1522) rebelled against the king. Having failed, they fled to Moscow (1508) and went into the service of Vel. book Vasily III, for which they received estates. Their Lithuanian possessions were confiscated. Mikhail, although he received lands from Vasily III (Maloyaroslavets, Borovsk, villages near Moscow), sought to return his estates in Lithuania, proving the need for a Russian-Lithuanian war. The annexation of Smolensk to Russia (1514) did not live up to the hopes of Mikhail, who wanted him to lead. book Vasily III gave him Smolensk to reign, and led him to an agreement with Sigismund. For this he was imprisoned and released only after his marriage. book Vasily III on Elena Glinskaya, Michael's niece (1526). He enjoyed great influence in the last years of Vasily III's life and at the beginning of Helen's regency. In 1534 he organized a conspiracy and spoke out against Elena’s favorite, Prince. I. F. Ovchina-Obolensky-Telepnev, whose increased importance diminished the power of Mikhail; in August he was captured and died in captivity. 2. Anna Glinskaya (sk. c. 1553), eldest daughter of the Serbian governor Stefan Jakšić, wife of Prince. Vasily Lvovich, mother of Elena Glinskaya, grandmother of Tsar Ivan IV. During the Moscow Uprising of 1547, the wrath of the people fell on the hated Glinsky rulers. The boyars, in order to overthrow the power of the Glinskys, spread rumors that they had set Moscow on fire. On June 26, 1547, voices were heard in the crowd of rebels accusing Anna Glinskaya of “magic”, which allegedly burned Moscow. On June 29, the people came to the king in the village. Vorobyovo, demanding the extradition of Anna and her son Mikhail Glinsky, but they were in Rzhev. After the uprising, Anna took monastic vows as a nun with the name Anisya. 3. Elena Vasilievna (born April 4, 1538), daughter of Prince. Vasily Lvovich and Prince. Anna Glinskikh, 2nd wife of the leader. book Vasily III Ivanovich and led. princess (since 1526). In 1533-38 she was regent of the Russian state with her young son, Vel. book Ivan IV. During Elena's reign, her favorite I.F. Ovchina-Obolensky-Telepnev and Metropolitan played a large role in state affairs. Daniel. Glinskaya's regency was marked by a successful fight against the separatism of appanage princes and boyars (the appanages of Yuri Dmitrovsky, Andrei Staritsky in 1537, and the conspiracies of Andrei Shuisky (see: Shuisky) and Mikhail Lvovich Glinsky in 1533-34 were liquidated). The Glinsky government continued to fight against the growth of monastic land ownership. In 1535, a monetary reform was carried out, as a result of which a unified monetary system was introduced in the state. At the same time, cities were fortified, especially on the western borders. In the field of foreign policy, as a result of a series of victories, the Glinsky government achieved a truce with Lithuania (1536) while neutralizing Sweden. It is believed that Elena Glinskaya was poisoned. 4. Yuri Vasilyevich (born June 26, 1547), statesman, son of Vasily Lvovich, uncle of Ivan IV. In 1536 he was listed as a kravchi, in 1540 he became a boyar. Together with his brother Mikhail, he played an important role in government; was the initiator and participant in the crowning of Ivan IV (1547). In 1547 Yu. V. Glinsky was killed by rebels in Moscow in the Assumption Cathedral. 5. Mikhail Vasilyevich (born 1559), statesman, son of Vasily Lvovich, brother of Yuri Vasilyevich Glinsky, uncle of Ivan IV, from 1541 - equerry. He was a participant in the crowning of Ivan IV (1547). During the Moscow uprising of 1547, Mikhail and his mother managed to escape in Rzhev. On Nov. 1547 made an unsuccessful escape to Lithuania. Ivan IV deprived him of the title of equerry and confiscated his property. In 1552-55, Glinsky served as a governor on the Kama and in Kazan, suppressed the uprising of the “Meadow Cheremis” (Mari), and in 1556 he participated in the Kolomna campaign against the Crimean Tatars and in the Livonian campaign. In 1556-57 he served as governor of Novgorod and concluded a truce with Sweden.
The Glinsky family in Russia died out in the present day. XVII century Another branch of the Glinsky princes existed in Poland. From her, according to genealogies, came the noble family of the Glinskys, who lost their princely title in the 17th-18th centuries.
Materials used from the site Great Encyclopedia of the Russian People - http://www.rusinst.ru
Read here:
Glinskaya Elena Vasilievna(d. 1538), Grand Duchess.
Glinsky Vasily Lvovich(“Dark”, “Blind”) (ca. 1522), the prince, together with his brothers M. L. Glinsky and I. L. Glinsky (“Maly”), raised a rebellion against Sigismund I; Having failed, he fled to Moscow (1508) and went into the service of Vel. book Vasily III.
Glinsky Ivan Mikhailovich(?-1602), prince, boyar and governor.
Glinsky Mikhail Vasilievich(d. 1559)
Glinsky Mikhail Lvovich(d. 1534), prince, son of lit. nobles.
Abbreviations(including a brief explanation of abbreviations).
Glinsky - princes; so called from Glinsk, the city of the Seversky principality. The family descended from the Tatar Murza, who left the Horde to join the Grand Duke of Lithuania Vitovt. The chronicles call him Lexad; in baptism he was named Alexander and received the cities of Glinsk and Poltava as an inheritance from Vitovt. Of his descendants, the following are known: Prince Bogdan Glinsky, who was taken prisoner by the Russians near Putivl in 1500; sons of Prince Lev Glinsky - Vasily and Mikhail; sons of Prince Vasily Yuri and Mikhail (see below). The line of the Glinsky princes was extinguished.
View value Glinsky (princes) in other dictionaries
Glinsky- Lithuanian and Russian princes of the 15th-18th centuries. In 1508, after an unsuccessful uprising in Lithuania, Prince Mikhail Lvovich (?-1534) and his brothers left for Russia. From 1526 he became close to Vasily III. His........
Imperial Princes- in the "Holy Roman Empire" the class of direct vassals of the emperor; enjoyed many privileges. The most influential imperial princes formed the college of electors.
Large encyclopedic dictionary
Baryatinsky, Princes- (Boryatinsky) - princes, descendants of Rurik, descend from the holy prince. Mikhail Chernigovsky. The most remarkable military figures among them are Danila Afanasyevich,........
Belevsky, Princes- - branch of the family of princes Odoevsky: Prince Mikhail Vasilyevich, son of Prince Vasily Romanovich Odoevsky, grandson of Prince Roman Semenovich Novosilsky and Odoevsky, was a prince........
Large biographical encyclopedia
Belozersky, Princes- - princes. Gleb Vasilkovich - son of Vasilko Konstantinovich, grandson of Vsevolod III Big Nest, b. in 1237, d. December 13, 1278 in Rostov. Under 1238 it is noted in the chronicles........
Large biographical encyclopedia
Belsky, Princes- - princes who came from the appanage princes of Belarus, which was at one time under the leadership of Lithuania (Belsk is a town in the former Grodno province). Ch. arr., religious differences.......
Large biographical encyclopedia
Bolkhovsky, Princes- - a family that died out by the beginning of the 18th century. Its origin cannot be determined; The genealogy of the Bolkhovskys dates back only to the half of the 14th century, although their surname is found earlier........
Large biographical encyclopedia
Borovsky Appanage Princes— Andrey Ivanovich, b. 1327 July 4, June 6, 1353; XIV century, father of the next; Vladimir Andreevich, nicknamed Brave, hero of Kulikovsk. battle (Sept. 8, 1380), b. May 15, 1355, † 1410 August 12, XV........
Large biographical encyclopedia
Borovsky, Princes- - genealogies, and behind them many historians incorrectly call the first Borovsky prince Andrei Ivanovich, the son of Ivan Kalita: the first Borovsky and together the Serpukhov prince.......
Large biographical encyclopedia
Bryansk Appanage Princes- Vasily Alexandrovich, † 1314; Mikhail Romanovich, 13th grade; Oleg Romanovich, 13th grade; Roman Mikhailovich, XII Col., † 1275
Large biographical encyclopedia
Bryansk, Appanage Princes— - appanage princes. The first of them the chronicles mention is Prince. Roman, son of Prince. Mikhail Vsevolodovich Chernigovsky. In 1263, he married his daughter Olga to the prince. Vladimir Vasilkovich........
Large biographical encyclopedia
Volyn Appanage Princes- (Vladimir in Volyn and other cities of the Volyn appanage) 1036-1320: Alexander Vsevolodovich, Belzsky and Vlad., † 1234; Andrey Yurievich (great-grandson of King Daniel), † 1324; Boris........
Large biographical encyclopedia
Vyazemsky Appanage Princes— Alexander Ivanovich (17th tribe from Rurik), XV century; Alexander Mikhailovich (17th generation), 15th century; Andrey Afanasyevich (15th grade). pack 1300; Andrey Vladimirovich, grandson led. book Kyiv Rurik........
Large biographical encyclopedia
Glinsky, Princely Family- - princes; so called from Glinsk, the city of the Seversky principality. The family descended from the Tatar Murza, who left the horde to join the Grand Duke of Lithuania Vitovt. Chronicles........
Large biographical encyclopedia
Glinsky, Princes- - were called so from the city of Glinsk, which lay in the Seversky principality (in the current Poltava province). The family of princes Glinsky is descended from Mamai. According to one pedigree........
Large biographical encyclopedia
Glinsky, Princes George and Mikhail- Georgy (Yuri) and Mikhail Vasilyevich are the sons of G.-Temny. Since 1543, after the fall of the Shuiskys caused by them, they played a major role in governing the state (see John IV).......
Large biographical encyclopedia
Dadian, Princes- (Dadiani) - the general name of the ruling princes of Mingrelia since 1323. From this time to 1867 there were two Dadiani dynasties in Mingrelia. The first ruled Mingrelia from 1323........
Large biographical encyclopedia
Dadyanovs, Princes- - the beginning of the family of princes. The Dadyanovs go back to a time even earlier than the era of the Georgian Queen Tamara, i.e. even before the 12th century. Serving the Georgian sovereigns faithfully, one of Dadiani,........
Large biographical encyclopedia
Dashkovs, Princes- - princes, descendants of Rurik. Prince Alexander Svyatoslavovich Smolensky, nicknamed Dashek, a descendant of Rurik in the seventeenth generation, had a son, Prince Mikhail Alexandrovich.......
Large biographical encyclopedia
Demidovs, Princes of San Donato- - come from Pavel Pavlovich Demidov. The only son of Pavel Nikolaevich Demidov, Pavel Pavlovich inherited after the death of his uncle Anatoly Nikolaevich, who wore the princely......
Large biographical encyclopedia
Glinsky- prince. born 15th-18th centuries Legendary news of genealogies produce G. from one of the sons of Mamai, who owned the city of Glinsky in the Dnieper region (which gave the name to the family) and neighboring .......
Imperial Princes- (Reichsfürsten) - in the “Holy Roman Empire” (until 1806) - the class of large feudal lords, which took shape in the 2nd half. 12th century from among the dukes, palatines, margraves, counts and other secular........
Soviet historical encyclopedia
Dolgoruky, Princes- the same as the Dolgorukovs - see about the family of princes
Large biographical encyclopedia
Dolgorukovs, Princes— - the family of princes Dolgorukov descends in a direct line from Prince St. Mikhail of Chernigov, and therefore from Rurik. St. Michael of Chernigov, martyred in 1246 by the Tatars........
Large biographical encyclopedia
Dorogobuzh Appanage Princes- 1) Andrei Dimitrievich, the son of Prince Dimitri Ieremeevich, the fifth prince of Dorogobuzh, is mentioned in the chronicles only once, namely in 1418 it is said that he traveled......
Large biographical encyclopedia
Drutsky-Sokolnitsky Princes- Andrei Dmitrievich, Bogdan Dmitrievich, Vasily Dmitrievich, Dmitry Yurievich, accepted Russian citizenship in 1508, Alexander Vasilyevich, 1543 was governor in Gorokhovets; Dmitriy........
Large biographical encyclopedia
Dubrovitsky Appanage Princes— Alexander Vsevolodovich, XIII century; Andrey Georgievich, XIII century; Gleb Georgievich, XIII century.
Large biographical encyclopedia
Yelets Princes- a) specific (branch of the Peremyshlskys) - Ivan Yurievich XVIII count. from Rurik, † in the 15th century; Ivan Fedorovich, XVI century, lived in the XIV and XV centuries; Semyon Yuryevich, XVIII century, contemporary of Ivan III; Yuri.......
Large biographical encyclopedia
Zaozersky Appanage Princes— Andrey Dmitrievich, XV century; Dmitry Vasilyevich, fourth son of Prince. Yaroslavsky Vasily Vasilyevich Terrible Eyes, the first prince by inheritance, who received the nickname of Zaozersky,......
Large biographical encyclopedia
Golden, Princes- cm.
Large biographical encyclopedia
Manuscript of a genealogy book from the late 16th century. from the Rumyantsev Collection of the Manuscripts Department of the GBL No. 349 has long been known from descriptions and individual publications.
Of the entire set of genealogical books that have survived to this day, this is one of the earliest and most interesting lists. Thanks to its composition, it is a standard that allows one to determine with great certainty the relationship between the other genealogical books of the entire edition to which it belongs.
In the Rumyantsev list we find a unique genealogical document - a “memory” of the Glinsky family, not known in its entirety to other genealogical books. Genealogical books are more complete than other sources of the 16th century. preserved information about the composition and family ties of the top of the ruling class of the Russian state, but contain a relatively small number of biographical records about these individuals. As a rule, this is news about participation in campaigns, service at court, marriages, etc. “Memory” of the Rumyantsev list stands out among these records. It not only contains unique information about the Glinskys’ service in Lithuania, their family ties with the Lithuanian boyars, biographical information about Mikhail Lvovich Glinsky, unknown from Russian sources, but a selection of facts from the life of the Glinskys, the characteristics of persons, the very manner of presentation have a rather bright polemical connotation, allowing us to connect this document with the political struggle of the ruling boyar groups in Russia in the second quarter of the 16th century.
This work is devoted to the analysis of this rare genealogical document. In addition to the existing descriptions of the manuscript, we need to provide some additional information, without knowledge of which the analysis of the published document is impossible.
The Rumyantsev list is a manuscript of the late 16th century, in quartet, 303 pages, of which f. 296 a-297 and 298-303 are clean. Manuscript watermarks - 6 variants of the jug. Of these, two variants with the letters HA and IH are close to those indicated by N.P. Likhachev and Briquet (Briquet, No. 12741 and 12751-1589, 1594-1597; N.P. Likhachev, No. 1954 and 4006-1594, 1581 .). Another variant with the letters M and a strongly deformed G is close to the sign indicated by A. A. Heraclitov, although Heraclitov has the letters MD (A. A. Heraclitov, No. 425-1600). The fourth option with the letters M and a deformed one, which can be read as S, E or P, is similar to that reproduced by N.P. Likhachev (N.P. Likhachev. Paper... No. 629, 630-1589, 1595). Two options - a small jug without letters with a crown and rosette and an elongated one with a richly decorated top and the letters GP: I have no analogies in reference books. The binding is modern leather, before the restoration in 1968 it was soft, like a bag. The manuscript is written in several cursive handwritings of the late 16th century, with many insertions in the margins and between the lines, made in different handwritings and inks. On l. 43 rev. on the top margin there is a note partially cut off during binding: “Behold, Vasily Fedorov’s son...”, the last half-cut word can be read as “Ignatya”, on l. 128 rev. in the same handwriting on the top margin there is a note: “Have mercy on me, O God.” After chapter 52 (“The Family of Solkhmirov”) on fol. 268 rev. — 270 rpm “in memory” of Fyodor Saburov, Pyotr Konstantinovich, Gennady Buturlin are placed, boyars are inscribed from the spiritual letters of the great. book Dmitry Ivanovich, Vasily Dmitrievich and Vasily Vasilyevich and a list of boyars from the charter of 1483. A number of insertions into the text were made almost simultaneously with the compilation of the manuscript itself. Some of them can be attributed to the reign of Boris Godunov, as evidenced by the entry on the margin of l. 299: “Summer 7092 (the second number is illegible, obviously there is an error in the date. - M.B.) Tsar and Grand Duke Boris Fedorovich of All Rus' and Tsarevich Fedor Borisovich of All Rus',” made in handwriting and ink found among other inserts. Common to the lists of the entire edition, to which Rumyantsevsky belongs, are the first 56 chapters of the manuscript, ending with the Volkonsky family, indicated in the table of contents and placed on the first 38 notebooks (fol. 1-277).
With l. 278 there are paintings that are not recorded in the table of contents: the genealogy of the Nagai princes, without interruption turning into the genealogy of the Glinskys, a list of European kings, the genealogies of the princes of Chernigov, Murom and Ryazan, the Mikulinskys and the Elizarovs (Morozovs), and in the titles of the last two it is written: “In other chroniclers writes." This entire text is written in two handwritings, each of which appears in the first 38 notebooks. Therefore, we can assume that the entire manuscript was compiled at the same time.
The protograph of the list was compiled during the reign of Ivan IV, as can be judged by the title to the genealogy of the great princes: “The Ladder of Our Sovereign Tsar Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich” (fol. 5 vol.); in the painting of this and the following chapters, the last one recorded is Fyodor Ivanovich, called “the current tsar” (fol. 7 vol., 12 vol.).
On l. 9 rev. when listing the Moscow Grand Dukes and Tsars from Rurik, Fyodor Ivanovich is inscribed between the lines with the 21st “knee” in handwriting and ink very similar to the handwriting of the main text. In the listing of generations of the Grand Dukes placed after this chapter in reverse order from the 21st to the 1st generation (fol. 9 vol.-10), in accordance with the addition of the name Feodor, the generation count is changed - all of them are increased by one; next to the numbers 18, 15, 7 half-blurred numbers 17, 14, 6 are visible, which would correspond to the countdown if Ivan IV was recorded last in the 20th “knee”. The numbers 21 and 11 obviously contain units, the ink color is the same, but the style of the letter “a” is slightly different from the main text.
Postscript on l. 45 vol., written in black ink and handwriting not found anywhere else, speaks of the death of Feodor in 1598. These changes to the text suggest that the basis of the Rumyantsev list is a genealogy compiled during the reign of Ivan IV, and the manuscript in question was written during during the reign of Fyodor Ivanovich (1584-1598).
In this work, we will be interested in the genealogical paintings of the Glinsky princes from the Rumyantsev list. But first it is necessary to briefly dwell on the editions of these genealogies, compiled in the 16th century, which we find in Russian genealogical books.
One of them, which we will further call “generational painting,” begins with the departure to Lithuania of the Tatar Alexa (in separate lists Lexa) to Grand Duke Vytautas, his baptism, and the granting of lands to him by Vytautas. Further, the painting lists five to seven generations of Alexa’s descendants (approximately up to the figures of the second half of the 16th century), the last ones recorded here are the descendants of Lev Borisovich, who left for Rus' in 1508 (see table on p. 120).
Another edition, entitled in separate lists “The Genuine Genealogy of the Glinsky Princes,” details the “nomadic” period of life of the Glinsky ancestors, their relationship with Genghis Khan, then talks about Alexa’s departure to Vytautas, lists all the awards he received in Lithuania, the marriage of his son on Princess Ostrogozhskaya and ends with the departure of Lev Borisovich’s children to Rus' in 1508. The “Genuine Genealogy” is distinguished by an extensive legend about the origin of the Glinskys and a brief painting.
“Genuine genealogy” and “generation list” were compiled independently of each other. They record a different number of persons and give a different set of biographical information, but the basis of the genealogical legend - the departure of the Tatar Alexa to Lithuania - and the pattern of kinship of persons common to both genealogies are the same (see table on p. 120).
“Generation painting” is similar to most of the paintings included in the genealogical books of the 16th century, and has an inherent scheme - Legend of the Departure - painting, where the first three generations are recorded according to the scheme from father to son, and from the fourth the descendants of Boris Ivanovich and his brothers Fedor and Semyon. “Generation painting” has two types of genealogical painting and three types of legend, the history of which is connected with the existence in the 16th century. certain editions of genealogical books.
The first type—the complete painting—records seven generations of Alexa’s descendants. The last named here are the son of Mikhail Lvovich Vasily, the children of Mikhail's brother Vasily Lvovich - Yuri, Ivan, Mikhail and Elena and the grandson of Vasily Lvovich Ivan Mikhailovich; Elena is named the wife of Grand Duke Vasily Ivanovich. The second type of painting is more concise; Compared to the first, the sixth and seventh generations are missing here (the son of Mikhail Lvovich and the children and grandson of Vasily Lvovich). The remaining differences between the painting texts in different genealogical lists (lack of nicknames, changes in the degree of relationship, etc.) are associated with the features and defects of the lists themselves in which they are placed.
Seven generations of Alexa's descendants (first type) are in the lists of only one edition of the second edition of the genealogical books. floor. XVI century, to which the Rumyantsev list belongs, the remaining editions contain a shorter (second) type of painting.
In the lists of the first edition of the second edition. floor. XVI century The legend to the Glinsky genealogy is written as follows: “The Tatar Prince Oleksa came to the Grand Duke of Lithuania Vitovt Kestutievich, grandson Gedimanov, and at baptism he was named Prince Oleksandra, and his patrimony was Glinesk and Glinetsa, and Podova.” In the manuscripts of the second edition of the same edition, where in addition to the “generational list” there is a “genuine genealogy”, under his influence the legend is expanded, it includes news about Alexa’s marriage to Princess Nastasya Ostrogozhskaya and about land grants made by Vytautas, coinciding with the “genuine genealogy."
In this way, it is possible to establish a connection between the genealogical legend and the genealogical painting of the Glinskys: the shortest list always corresponds to the shortest legend, the full list corresponds to two legends - complete and expanded under the influence of the “true genealogy”, and the latter is found only in those manuscripts where there is "Genealogy".
The composition of the complete type of painting can be dated quite accurately based on the information recorded in it. Here Ivan and Yuri Vasilyevich and Vasily Mikhailovich are named as deceased without issue, and Elena Vasilievna is named the wife of Grand Duke Vasily III. Based on the latest date - the death of Vasily Mikhailovich (1564) - the full type of painting can be dated to the 60s. XVI century This corresponds to the time when the editorial protograph was compiled. In the 80s, when the second edition of the edition was compiled, the Glinsky legend was expanded in it, without changing the painting.
To date a short type of painting, one must turn to the history of those editions of the genealogical books that contain it, since there is no dating information in the manuscript. The earliest edition containing such a list is an edition of 43 chapters with attributions, compiled, as N.P. Likhachev established, on the basis of the Sovereign's genealogy of 1555. In the lists of genealogies going back to the Sovereign's genealogy (edition of 43 chapters), there is no text paintings by the Glinskys, but there is only a title to the chapter. For N.P. Likhachev, this was one of the grounds for the conclusion that the Glinsky painting was absent from the Sovereign’s genealogy.
A study of the entire complex of surviving lists of genealogical books shows that this situation contradicts their history. In not a single edition did we encounter a case where in the table of contents of the lists or in the headings among the chapters, paintings that were not in the editorial protograph were named. In this case, the absence of the text of the chapter is due either to a defect in the list itself, or to a defect in the manuscript from which it was copied, and in the second case, such an omission is often specified in the text. The table of contents for the genealogical book was written not as a program of its composition, but as a statement of it. Therefore, in our opinion, it is more correct to assume that the Glinsky genealogy was in the Sovereign’s genealogy, and was lost during later processing of its text.
This situation is indirectly confirmed by the composition of the lists of the edition that arose on the basis of the Sovereign's genealogy in 43 chapters with added ones. Three manuscripts of this edition, which make up a special edition, after chapter 43 (the Adashev family), which ended the Sovereign's genealogy, have the entry “To this day it is written in the Sovereign in the large genealogy Elizarov book.” This is the only evidence in the genealogical books about the Sovereign's genealogy, compiled by clerk Elizar Tsyplyatyev, which was an important argument for N.P. Likhachev in substantiating his hypothesis. In these three lists, after the title of Ch. 14 follows the painting of the Glinsky princes, which is missing in the editor’s lists of 43 chapters and corresponds to the brief type of painting and genealogy of the legend.
The service of the Glinsky princes at the Moscow court also confirms the likelihood of their painting being included in the Sovereign's genealogy. In the historical literature, the opinion has already been expressed that from the non-princely families, those whose representatives were members of the Duma were included in the Sovereign's genealogy, and from the princely families, even those among whom there were no Duma members were recorded. The Glinsky princes constantly had their own representative in the Duma. After the death of Yuri Vasilyevich in 1547, he was his brother Mikhail; from 1556, the ranks mentioned the steward Vasily Mikhailovich Glinsky, a boyar from 1561. Therefore, it is more likely to assume that the Glinsky painting was included in the genealogical books back in the 50s. , and later, in the 60s-70s, during the years of the oprichnina, the painting fell out during the processing of already existing editions of genealogies.
It is more difficult to establish what type of painting - short or complete - was the original one. A short type of painting survived as part of earlier editions; it records the same number of generations in all branches of the genus, which may also indicate its primacy. The complete type came as part of the second edition. floor. XVI century and as we have it, was composed or processed after 1564.
We can imagine two options for the existence of the Glinsky generational paintings in the genealogical books of the 16th century, based on their location in different editions. According to the first assumption, a shorter type was first compiled, which was probably in the Sovereign's genealogy, and then this chapter fell out of the main text and became one of the “attributed” chapters. In the edition of 43 chapters with added notes, this painting is found systematically.
When creating the edition of the second. floor. XVI century the painting was supplemented by new generations before Ivan Mikhailovich, who began his service at that time, and its legend was expanded.
In this case, it must be stated that neither the mother of Ivan IV Elena Glinskaya, nor the Tsar’s uncle, boyar Mikhail Vasilyevich, who was serving at the time of drawing up the painting, nor Vasily Mikhailovich, who was still alive, were included in the early genealogy. And a later painting recorded not only these persons, of whom Vasily Mikhailovich had already died childless, but also Yuri and Ivan Vasilyevich, who also died childless before him, and named Elena the Grand Duchess.
We consider another scheme for the existence of this painting to be more probable, although we do not have additional arguments to prove it. The Glinsky pedigree in its full type, where Elena Vasilievna and everyone alive in the 50s were recorded. Glinsky, was in the Sovereign's genealogy. Later she fell out of there. On the basis of this painting, at some point, when the influence of the Glinskys fell, a shorter type was compiled, known from the edition in 43 chapters with appendices.
When created in the 60s. In the new edition, the original full type was used, where the news of the death of Vasily Mikhailovich was added. In this case, it seems more natural to include Grand Duchess Elena and the childless boyars Yuri and Ivan Vasilyevich in the painting.
The second edition of the Glinsky genealogy - the “true genealogy” is only available in the second edition of the genealogical books. floor. XVI century The bulk of its text consists of a genealogical legend; the family painting ends with persons who left for Moscow in 1508. This is unusual for princely and boyar paintings of the second. floor. XVI century The “Genuine Genealogy” finds analogies only among the grand-ducal genealogies of this time, and by turning to the tradition of their compilation, we can find out the time and reasons for its appearance.
The "True Genealogy" has many similarities with the "Tale of the Moldavian Princes" and is partly comparable to the genealogy of the Lithuanian princes. All of them are characterized by a lengthy legend that traces the ancestor back to ancient times, where many biographical details about distant ancestors are recorded, and a short genealogy.
According to the “true genealogy”, the princes Ubo Kiyat, the ancestors of the Glinskys, wandered until the Tatar-Mongol invasion, during which they became related to Genghis Khan. The departure of the Glinsky ancestor to Lithuania and his baptism are described in detail here, which finds analogies in comparable places in the genealogy of the Lithuanian princes. As in “The Tale of the Moldavian Princes,” where the painting was brought to the father of Elena Stefanovna, the wife of Ivan Ivanovich the Young, in the Glinsky genealogy the last to be recorded were Vasily Lvovich, the father of Grand Duchess Elena Glinskaya, and his brothers.
We cannot find either a textual coincidence of the “true genealogy” with the indicated monuments, or constructive borrowings, but there is no doubt that it belongs to the same tradition as them.
Research in recent years has shown that the genealogy of the Moldavian princes was compiled in connection with the marriage of Elena Stefanovna. By analogy, it can be assumed that the “true genealogy of the Glinsky princes” was compiled in connection with the marriage of Vasily III to Elena Vasilyevna Glinskaya and was supposed to confirm her descent from the ruling house of Chinggisids. Based on this, as well as the absence of any mention in it of the marriage of Vasily III to Elena Glinskaya and any news about their children, we can date the “geneasology” to the first. floor. 20s XVI century
“Genuine Genealogy” has two editions. One of them, published from a 17th-century manuscript. , is in the lists of the second edition of the edition of the genealogical books of the second. floor. XVI century An independent edition of the “genuine genealogy” is placed in the Rumyantsev list, among additional articles on fol. 280-286. All lists of genealogical books of this edition contain a complete generational list of the Glinskys (chap. 14 or 16), and after it in the lists of the second edition there follows the entry: “But he truly writes about the Glinskys, where they came from and how they led, and he writes in this same book after all births"; the second painting placed in these lists is entitled “The authentic genealogy of the Glinsky princes.” This “Genuine Genealogy” was included in the protograph of the second edition, regardless of the Rumyantsev list, since, in addition to the differences that will be discussed below, the Rumyantsev copy contains the omission of a significant piece of text that is missing in the other lists of the edition. The text of the “true genealogy”, common to all editorial lists, ends with the words: “... and Prince Boris died in all those cities,” then in the lists of the second edition there is a continuation of the painting, and in Rumyantsevsky there is a text beginning with the words: “Memory. Prince Ivan Yuryevich Mstislovskovo had boyars...”, end “... and the Glinsky knini Anna and knin Nastasya sat at the end of the table.” This “memory,” which is the subject of this study, does not find any analogies among the genealogical documents of the 16th century, and therefore, first of all, the question arises about its possible source and the reliability of the facts recorded in it.
In addition to the Rumyantsev list, “memory” is placed in four more manuscripts of genealogies. Of these, Titovsky is one of the most defective lists of the same edition of genealogical books as Rumyantsevsky, and the remaining three manuscripts belong to a different edition of genealogical books. The list of A. I. Vadbalsky, at one time highly appreciated by S. B. Veselovsky, and Pustoroslevsky, according to which N. P. Likhachev published a “memory”, go back to the general protograph.
All lists, except Rumyantsevsky, contain the text of “memory” with significant distortions. In Pustoroslevsky and the list of A.I. Vadbalsky, a significant passage in the text is omitted (see Appendix 1), in the Library list the omission is smaller, but begins with the same word as in the other two. The fact that in three manuscripts of genealogical books belonging to the same edition, the omission begins with the same word, and in two of them ends on the same word, may indicate that this omission goes back to a common protograph. In the Titov list, the “memory” was preserved without omissions, but with some defects and text corrections.
“Memory” can be divided into two parts according to its content. The first is dedicated to the life of Lev Borisovich Glinsky and his sons in Lithuania and their departure to Moscow, the second presents a list of noblewomen. book Elena Vasilievna. Logically, they are connected by the marriage of Elena Glinskaya and the mention in the second part of the service at the Moscow court of those Glinsky princesses whose husbands are named in the first part.
First, the boyars are listed in “memory”. Ivan Yuryevich Mstislavsky: Svetitel, Potsolt, Olgish, Stepan Esmanozich, father of Ivan Raevsky; Lev Glinsky’s place “was in the table for the boyars, but he did not rise to the rank of boyars.” After the death of Prince Ivan Yuryevich while serving in Kyiv, Glinsky married the widow of Gavrila Meleshkovich, the aunt (“uncle”) of Ivan Raevsky, and went with his wife to Lithuania, where they had four sons. Next, the biography of Mikhail Lvovich Glinsky is written down in detail. Here the text of “memory” is comparable to the “genuine genealogy” and this comparison shows that “memory”, repeating the text of the “genealogy”, makes its own editorial insertions into it.
|
And the Glinsky princes served in Lithuania; and when the king sent Alekhsandro Litovar as ambassador to Nemtsy, Prince Mikhail Lvovich Glinsky and Litovar went to Nemtsy and learned the German language and German literacy in Nemtsy. And Prince Mikhail learned to read and write and speak German in the Germans and came to Lithuania to serve. And King Alexandro took Prince Mikhail Glinsky Lvovich to his courtyard and made him a courtier. |
And that prince Lev Glinskoy served as master of Lithuania and with his children. And how King Alexander sent Litovar as an ambassador to Nemtsy, and Litovar, Prince Mikhail Glinskovo took him with him to Nemtsy and gave him to teach the local German language and letters in Nemtsy. And there, in the Germans, Prince Mikhailo Glinskaya abandoned his Russian faith and, in the Germans, Prince Mikhailo Glinskaya learned the German language and letters and came to Lithuania as a minister. And King Alexander took Prince Mikhail Glinskovo to serve in his courtyard, and Prince Mikhail served in King Alexander’s courtyard, and interpreted letters and letters to the king for the German ambassadors, and rose to the rank of court marshal for the king. If King Alexander goes to the church or from the church, and Prince Mikhail Glinskaya beats up the boyars' children in front of the king. And Prince Vasily and Prince Ivan Mamai and Prince Fyodor Glinsky x Corel Alexander ordered his brothers. |
The activities of Mikhail Lvovich after the death of Alexander are described briefly: he killed Sigismund’s boyar Jan Berezinsky, “caught the whole treasury” and fled with his brothers to Moscow. “But we don’t know a better way for the Glinskys.”
A comparison shows that the source of the biography of Mikhail Lvovich Glinsky in Lithuania could be a “genuine genealogy”. Compared to him, we do not find fundamentally new information about Mikhail in the “memory”. Rather, one should pay attention to the direction of the facts of “memory” against the book. Mikhail. The author clearly disapproves of the change of religion (“faith... retreated”), and Glinsky led the role at court. book Alexandra is clearly humiliated. All contemporaries talk about his great influence on the Grand Duke, about the large awards that Mikhail Lvovich received. And although contemporaries unanimously considered Mikhail Lvovich Glinsky an outstanding person, we do not see anything similar to this characteristic in the genealogy.
The “memory” records the circle of people with whom the Glinskys were associated in Lithuania. First of all, these are the boyars of the prince. Ivan Yuryevich Mstislavsky. Ivan Yuryevich, a descendant of Gediminas, is mentioned in sources from 1458/59 to 1486-1489. Of the boyars recorded in the “memory” acts, Vasily Olgish, a boyar of the Mstislav prince, and Potsolt, who served in Mstislavl, are known. The descendants of Ivan Raevsky, who left for Rus' in 1526 together with F. M. Mstislavsky, are known from Russian sources. The Meleshkovichs were patrimonial owners of the Gorodensky povet, apparently from the middle of the 15th century, the children of Gavrila Meleshkovich are mentioned from 1496 to 1522. In the court case of 1507, Ivan Esmanovich is mentioned, possibly a relative of Stepan Esmanovich recorded in memory.
Ivan (Jan) Litavor Bogdanovich Khrebtovich, with whom Mikhail Glinsky left Lithuania, is a famous figure of the late 15th - early 16th centuries. True, nothing is known about his embassy “to the Germans,” but he traveled with embassies to Poland and Rus'. If we consider that Mikhail Lvovich’s sister was married to Litavor’s brother Martin Bogdanovich, then the testimony of the “memory” of Mikhail’s departure in Litavor’s retinue becomes more convincing.
The most difficult fact to verify is the move of Lev Borisovich Glinsky to Lithuania, where “memory” unites several events of the 15th century. “And how Prince Ivan Yuryevich Mstislovskoy died while serving in Kyiv, and that Prince Lev Glinsky understood Uncle Ivanova Raevskovo Gavrilov’s wife Meleshkovich, after Prince Ivanova’s death Yuryevich went from Mstislovl to Lithuania to serve. And in Lithuania four sons lived with her...”
As we see, the death of Ivan Yuryevich Mstislavsky is mentioned here twice, once he was recorded as deceased in Kyiv. We know neither about his service in Kyiv nor the exact date of his death from other sources. Perhaps there is a vague reference here to the so-called “Kiev conspiracy” of 1480-1481, in which Orthodox Lithuanian princes associated with Novgorod took part. Ivan Yuryevich's father Yuri Lugvenevich in the 40s. XV century repeatedly went to Novgorod, and although Ivan Yuryevich is not mentioned in other sources in connection with the Kyiv conspiracy, by his origin he could have been a participant in it.
The same passage reports the marriage of Lev Borisovich. Since the descendants of Ivan Raevsky, relatives of his wife, in the first place. floor. XVI century lived in Rus', we can consider this news quite reliable, especially since this is the only case in “memory” when the relationship of four people is indicated, generally unrelated to the Glinsky genealogy: “Stepan Esmanovich Ivan Roevskovo father”, “Lev Glinsky I understood Uncle Ivanova Raevskovo, Gavrilov’s wife Meleshkovich.” But the date of the marriage, which according to the text is connected either with the alleged conspiracy of 1480, or with the departure of Lev Glinsky to Lithuania after the death of Ivan Yuryevich, will have to be rejected, since the sons of Lev Borisovich have been mentioned as active figures in sources since the 80s. XV century
It is possible that Lev Glinsky married the widow of Gavrila Meleshkovich, which made him related to the Mstislav boyars, without intending to leave for Lithuania, but after the events of 1480, if Ivan Yuryevich was involved in them, he left. In any case, “memory” is so far the only document that names the grandmother. book Helena on her father's side.
Another entry connects Lev Glinsky with Lithuania. “And the estate behind him was in Mstislovl, the village of Khodosovo, which is now the boyar of Prince Mikhailov, behind Mikhail, behind Sukhodolsky.” The village of Khodosovo is located near Mstislavl and in the 16th century. was part of Lithuania. Obviously, under the book. Mikhail here means Mikhail Ivanovich Mstislavsky.
The second part of the “memory” is a list of noblewomen. book Elena Vasilievna - in terms of the composition of the recorded persons, it almost completely coincides with the wedding categories of 1526 and 1533. The list mentions the boyars Maria, wife of Grigory Fedorovich Davydov, Olena, wife of Ivan Andreevich Chelyadnin, Ogrofena, wife of Vasily Andreevich Chelyadnin, Irina, wife of Yuri Zakharyevich, recorded in “memory”, found only in the wedding category of 1533.
In “memory” we also find Anna Glinskaya, the wife of Prince. Vasily Lvovich, Elena's mother; Nastasya Mamaev, Elena’s aunt, wife of Prince. Ivan Lvovich Mamai; book Ogrofena Volynskaya, wife of Ivan Mikhailovich Volynsky, Ovdotya Ivanova Tretyakov, wife of printer Ivan Ivanovich Tretyakov. It is not possible to identify the last of the recorded noblewomen - Ogrofena “Nechozheva Princess”, since her husband’s name is spoiled.
The value of this part of the genealogy is that genealogical sources generally rarely name the names of women, but here are three names of the noblewomen. princesses, never met before - the names of the wives of I. L. Glinsky, I. I. Tretyakov and some prince with a distorted name.
“Memory” was preserved in the list of the late 16th century, but it was obviously compiled much earlier. It mentions the birth of Vasily III's son Yuri, so the earliest date of composition should be considered October 30. 1532 Since the document is mainly dedicated to Mikhail Lvovich Glinsky, but at the same time does not talk about his death, the appearance of the “memory” can most likely be dated no later than August 1534, when Prince. Mikhail was sent to prison, where he soon died. In this dating, two periods can be distinguished: October 1532 - December 1533 (the death of Vasily III) and 1534. In the first period, the compilation of the “memory” can be associated with the desire of a group of boyars to prevent Mikhail Glinsky from coming to power in the event of the death of Vasily III , in the second - with the desire to remove Mikhail from power.
In our opinion, the “memory” was most likely compiled before the death of Vasily III and is associated with the desire to remove the prince. Michael from participation in the regency council. This is suggested by the text of the “memory” itself, which does not name events later than October - November 1532, but about the book. Vasily III and his brothers are spoken of as living (“And if he brings you to stand on the holiday, and the great prince or the metropolitan or appanage princes will come in...”; “And if they sit for customs, and the great prince Vasily will come in...”; “And if Prince Yuri Vasilyevich was born... and there was a large outfit...").
However, in the 40s. XVI century The Glinskys became odious figures, and the Moscow uprising of 1547 was largely directed against them. This circumstance raises the question of whether the editing of the “memory” or the change in its individual parts is connected with dissatisfaction with the Glinskys at this time. After all, we can distinguish two parts in our monument - one is dedicated to Mikhail Lvovich, and the other - a list of boyars - repeatedly emphasizes the low place among the nobles of Anna Glinskaya.
It seems to us that this question, with all its temptingness, must be answered in the negative. Firstly, we repeat, no events later than the birth of the prince. Yuri (1532) are not mentioned in the document, and later alterations are not visible in the first part of the “memory”. The appearance of the list of noblewomen led. book Helena was possible only before her death (April 3, 1538), and if it was compiled or edited in the second. floor. 30s-40s XVI century, there should have been changes in it: in 1538, the wife of V. A. Chelyadnin, whom we find among the boyars, was tonsured a nun, and from about 1536, the first place at court was occupied by the wife of the prince. Fyodor Mikhailovich Mstislavsky Anastasia. It is not recorded in “memory”.
These circumstances lead us to the opinion that the “memory” was compiled as a single document in 1532-1534, but perhaps the attention to the Glinskys that arose in the 40s. XVI century, was, along with others, one of the reasons for copying and preserving a document directed against this family.
“Memory” could have been written down by people who were well acquainted with the “Lithuanian” period of Mikhail Glinsky’s life, which is almost not reflected in Russian sources. Her very first words are associated with the name of the Mstislav princes. It is possible that the entire compilation of this edition of the “true genealogy” is to some extent connected with their activities. In this case, it should be monitored whether such editing was reflected in the painting of the Mstislavskys themselves, placed in the Rumyantsev list, although if we assume that the genealogy of the Glinskys got into the manuscript not from the editorial protograph, but as additional material from some other source (about such possibility is indicated by the very location of the article), then checking the Mstislavskys’ painting may not yield anything.
The genealogy of the Lithuanian princes, from whom the Mstislav princes originated, is the same for all editorial lists, and in all lists the prince’s departure to Rus' is recorded twice. Fyodor Mikhailovich - the first time after his name “came to serve the Grand Duke Vasily Ivanovich of All Russia in the summer of 7034, June” (1526), and the second time - at the end of the painting, where it is recorded that Fyodor was married to Nastasya, daughter of Tsarevich Peter , and the lists of the first edition of the editors, to which Rumyantsevsky belongs, give here an ascending list of four generations of Nastasya’s ancestors. This is so far the only known record where the husband’s genealogy includes his wife’s ancestors.
The etiquette of placing noblewomen was conducted. book Helena, which we meet in “memory”, may also be associated with Princess Nastasya Mstislavskaya, who occupied one of the first places at this court. All this allows us to connect the compilation of “memory” with the activities of Fyodor Mikhailovich Mstislavsky.
Fyodor Mikhailovich Mstislavsky was born between 1499 and 1507. , rather at the beginning of the century; as a young man he came to serve in Moscow. Little is known about his life in Lithuania. According to the letter dated August 3. 1525, it is clear that he had long-term troubles in relations with his father, who did not allocate Fyodor, who after the death of his mother became the heir of Mstislavl, an independent possession, and Fyodor’s younger brother Vasily Mikhailovich supported his father. Perhaps these troubles, the lack of his own estate, were the reason for Fedor’s departure.
At the Moscow court he occupied a position similar to that of the other Gediminovichs. F. M. Mstislavsky became a serving prince and was higher in rank than all members of the Boyar Duma. Thanks to his marriage, he was closely related to Vasily III. He was a relative and led. book Elena. In his service, Fyodor Mikhailovich was not particularly distinguished; fought against the Tatars in the early 30s. has not been mentioned in categories for a long time. It is possible that after Mstislavl passed to Sigismund in 1529, he made an attempt to return to Lithuania.
The political orientation of Fyodor Mstislavsky and his affiliation with any boyar group are little known. As I. I. Smirnov drew attention, after the death of Vasily III, F. M. Mstislavsky was actually removed from government, which is why the author considers him, along with I. F. Ovchina-Obolensky and D. F. Velsky, an active participant in the overthrow of Mikhail Glinsky. “Memory” allows us to clarify some aspects of the activities of F. M. Mstislavsky at this time.
By origin and family ties, F. M. Mstislavsky was one of the first contenders for the role of regent under the young Ivan IV. By compromising Mikhail Glinsky, also a possible member of the regency council, he thereby nominated himself. However, his participation in the struggle for power (if the “memory” was compiled during the life of Vasily III) did not produce results. Perhaps this was prevented by the position of F.M. Mstislavsky as a serving prince. According to the observations of S. M. Kashtanov, F. M. Mstislavsky intensified his appanage policy in the second. floor. 1533, but after the death of Vasily III, the government of Helena, which included Mikhail Glinsky, began to limit his appanage rights, and he himself was sent to an honorable service far from Moscow. Therefore, if we connect the “memory” with the activities of the government of Elena Glinskaya (which, in our opinion, is less likely), then it once again confirms that F. M. Mstislavsky was an active political opponent of Mikhail Glinsky.
Thus, the “memory” compiled in 1532-1534, using the text of the “genuine genealogy”, once again confirms that this edition of the Glinsky painting was compiled before 1532 and, possibly, in the 20-30s. was the only edition of the Glinsky genealogy. It was not possible to establish any influence of “memory”, as opposed to the “genuine genealogy”, on the “generational record”.
The reason for the appearance of the “memory” list during the reign of Fyodor Ivanovich must obviously be sought in the relationship between the Glinsky and Mstislavsky princes.
The son and grandson of Fyodor Mikhailovich Mstislavsky, who left for Rus', Ivan Fedorovich and Fyodor Ivanovich, were major political figures of the mid-second. floor. XVI century The daughter of Ivan Fedorovich was the bride of Tsarevich Fyodor Ivanovich, but in 1585 Ivan Mstislavsky was tonsured a monk.
Since 1571, the last prince Glinsky, Ivan Mikhailovich, cousin of Ivan IV, appears in the ranks as a bell market. From 1586 to 1590, as a boyar, he constantly accompanied Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich. It is possible that this rise, which followed shortly after the disgrace of Ivan Fedorovich, caused a secondary return to the “memory” of either supporters of the Mstislavskys or opponents of Ivan Glinsky. Let us recall that the compilation of the Rumyantsev list dates back to this time. However, there are no traces of editing at the end of the 16th century. "memory" does not.
The study of the “memory” of the Glinsky family allows us to draw a number of conclusions, on the one hand, concerning the history of the compilation of genealogical lists of the 16th century, and on the other, the significance of genealogies as a document reflecting the struggle of political factions.
We see that all editions of genealogical books of the 16th century. two Glinsky paintings were used, and the same edition of the painting is found in closely related editions of the genealogies. The only tendentious “private” genealogy of the Glinskys was found only once, and the list was compiled in the 30s. XVI century, existed unchanged until the end of the century and did not in any way affect the later editing of the Glinsky paintings. This once again confirms that the paintings of the 16th century. had an official origin and a “private” element, their “private” editing was insignificant.
On the other hand, the “memory” of the Glinsky family shows us that genealogical documents in the 16th century. not only recorded the kinship of persons, but could also sometimes be used as a political document. Russian sources of the 16th century. contain scant information about the political struggle of the 30s. XVI century, although it contained the origins of the reforms of the 50s, it had a great influence on the course of events in the second. floor. XVI century The role of the Mstislav prince in the events of the 30s. practically not reflected in the sources.
The “memory” of the Glinsky family, which came either from the Mstislavskys or from circles close to them, allows us to trace the participation of the Mstislavskys in the political struggle of the 16th century. and shows that throughout the century the Glinskys and Mstislavskys belonged to different political groups.
The text is published according to the rules adopted in the “Notes of the Department of Manuscripts of the GBL.” The original spelling is preserved, letters that have fallen out of use are transferred to the corresponding modern ones; The Ъ at the end of the word is omitted, the title is expanded, and superscript letters are added to the line. With superscript letters b, b and z, they are entered in accordance with the spelling in similar cases in the line and are enclosed in angle brackets. Punctuation corresponds to modern rules. The text is divided into paragraphs by the publisher.
The text of the Rumyantsev list contains discrepancies according to the lists Bibliotechny (B), A.I. Vadbalsky (V), Pustoroslevsky (P) and Titovsky (T).
History of the village of Ptichnoye
The former noble estate of Voskresenskoye or Voskresenki (formerly Podolsk district) was located on the land of the current village of Ptichnoye. Local historians claim that Voskresenskoye “was first mentioned in scribe books in 1627.” Voskresenskoye (Voskresenki) at the beginning of the 18th century was the patrimony of the steward P. M. Bestuzhev-Ryumin (until 1763). Then Lieutenant General Prince Ivan Romanovich Gorchakov becomes the owner of the estate. He began his military service in 1731 as a lieutenant general and took part in the Seven Years' War. He retired with the rank of lieutenant general, settling in Moscow. He was married to Anna Vasilievna Suvorova (1744-1813), sister of Generalissimo A. V. Suvorov. After the Gorchakovs, the estate was owned by Colonel of the Guards Artillery Vasily Aleksandrovich Sukhovo-Kobylin. Under Vasily Alexandrovich (1782-1873), the same house in Voskresensky (and outbuildings) was built, which has survived to this day. The beautiful manor house in the Ptichnoye State Nature Reserve is still a model of architecture. It was built in 1875. Of the outbuildings, only one has survived; the church was destroyed in 1938. Here you can also see the manager’s house and two barns (brick and wooden. In Voskresensky, the Sukhovo-Kobylin family spent the summer months. The most famous representative of the family is Alexander Vasilyevich Sukhovo-Kobylin (1817 -1903) - a famous playwright, philosopher, mathematician and engineer. In addition to economic activities, Alexander Vasilyevich was seriously involved in literature. His talented plays “Krechinsky’s Wedding”, “The Death of Tarelkin”, “The Case” were successfully performed in Moscow theaters. And “Krechinsky’s Wedding "is still running at the Maly Theater in the capital.
In 1904, the owner of the house where the board of the state farm is now located was Maria Petrovna Glinskaya, the wife of the honorary hereditary citizen Vasily Petrovich Glinsky. Their family had children: sons Boris, Peter, Sergei and daughter Nastya. One of the sons, Sergei Vasilyevich Glinsky, inherited the manor house, which he owned until 1917. It must be said that the Glinsky family tree is famous and goes deep into history. The Glinskys, two brothers Mikhail and Vasily, were major Ukrainian magnates of the late 15th and early 16th centuries. At first they were subject to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, after 1508 - to the Moscow boyars. The brothers owned the cities of Glinsk, Poltava, Turov and the vast lands adjacent to them. Prince Mikhail Glinsky was a prominent commander who led the uprising against the rule of Lithuania. After the defeat, the Glinskys fled to Moscow, where they received extensive land and took the best places in the ranks of the boyars. Vasily Glinsky's daughter Elena became the wife of the Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily III and the mother of Ivan IV the Terrible. Heading the government (1533-1538), she vigorously resisted the attempts of the boyars to seize power and was, as they suspected, poisoned by them. But let's go back to the beginning of the twentieth century. The last of the Glinsky family, Sergei Vasilyevich Glinsky, had more than 300 acres of forest land and more than 200 acres of cultivated land.
The forest area, owned by the landowner, was located in the south between the villages of Kukshevo, Polyany and Puchkovo. He lived mainly in France, and came to the estate on fine summer days to relax, pay visits to eminent neighbors, and receive guests.
The history of the Ptichnoye gas processing plant is in many ways similar to the history of the Pervomaiskoye gas processing plant. After the October Revolution of 1917, all movable and immovable property of the landowners was confiscated, and the volost executive committee of the council of deputies became the owner. The land, buildings and other valuables of the landowner were subsequently transferred to the organized state farm "Red Field", which began to specialize in growing vegetables and medicinal herbs. The first manager of the state farm was Pyotr Ivanovich Tsaune (former manager of the landowner S.V. Glinsky). In 1925-1927 he was replaced by Ippolit Kazemirovich Rodewald.
In order to create an exemplary demonstration poultry farm, the Ptitsevodsoyuz in March 1928 rented the Krasnoye Pole state farm from the Ministry of Defense, which was later renamed the Ptichnoye breeding farm in the Krasno-Pakhorskaya volost, Podolsk district, Moscow province. Construction was decided to begin in June 1928 and finish on July 1, 1929. By the decision of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Board of the Poultry Farming Union, July 26, 1928 was considered the birthday of the Ptichnoye state farm. In 1928, the Ptichnoye state farm became a source of personnel for the country's poultry industry. Courses named after Tsyurupa of the Ptitsevodsoyuz trust were organized here. In March 1931, by the decision of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, the hatchery plant "Ptitsevodsoyuz", as it was called, was separated from the state farm "Ptichnoye" into an independent organization. The plant was allocated eight hectares of land. In the same 1931, the Ptichnoye state farm was transformed into the Ptichnoye breeding state farm.
Period from 1930 to 1936 The country is characterized by a rapid rise in agriculture and especially poultry farming.
The Great Patriotic War disrupted the usual way of life. The poultry and animals were evacuated to the Pioneer state farm in the Vladimir region. But the barnyards and other premises were not empty. Those evacuated from the Smolensk region arrived here with all the livestock, equipment and equipment. During the war, the Ptichnoye state farm experienced all the hardships of wartime. All men subject to conscription went to the front to fight the hated enemy. Their places in the field, on the farm, and in the workshops were taken by women and teenagers. Suffice it to say that on three of the four tractors on the state farm, the tractor drivers were women, paired with teenagers.
The volleys of guns died down. The Great Patriotic War ended. The workers of the Ptichnoye state farm also made their contribution to the overall victory over the enemy, working in the rear. But it is difficult to even imagine the deplorable state in which the equipment worn out during the war years, the depleted fields, and all the poultry farms of the state farm were. The entire team of the farm, from the worker to the director, all the workers understood that they had to overcome the devastation and work with full effort in order to simply survive. The number of workers reached 137 people, but there were not enough workers. Therefore, teenagers also worked side by side with adults in the fields.
In the post-war period, the breeding state farm "Ptichnoye" solved a difficult problem - it increased the number of parent flocks of chickens and ducks, and developed technological methods for raising poultry. The production of poultry meat and chicken eggs increased. In 1951, the state farm "Ptichnoe" was a farm of different production areas: chickens, ducks, cows, horses, pigs and even 60 families of bees. Despite obvious successes in selection, the farm remained unprofitable until 1964. Only in 1964 were the losses eliminated and the business year ended with 35,000 rubles in profit. Year by year the farm grew and gained strength. In 1970, the State Poultry Plant became a “millionaire”; a net profit of 1,552 thousand rubles was received. Quality indicators in livestock and poultry farming have also increased.
