V. Ksenia Ivanovna Romanova. – Maria Khlopova
The death of Marina Mniszech ends the cycle of Russian historical female figures brought forward into the historical field by the Time of Troubles.
But from this time there remains one person who, having survived the terrible time of “hard times”, moves on to another era of the state life of the Russian land, when, having survived the troubled times, she found within herself the strength for her salvation and, as it were, was renewed for a different, better life.
This person is Ksenia Ivanovna Romanova, the mother of the king of the new dynasty of sovereigns of the Russian land, who took this land under their care at the moment of its moral awakening.
About Ksenia Ivanovna Romanova, as well as about many of the historical female personalities we previously mentioned, very little can be said, and then only in relation to them in relation to other historical personalities and to the general course of events in which these individuals took the most insignificant share of participation,
The name of Ksenia Ivanovna appears even before the Time of Troubles. As the wife of the beloved and respected boyar Fyodor Nikitich Romanov, Ksenia, along with the entire house of the Romanovs, was subjected to Godunov’s disgrace, which befell all those who stood in the way of this ambitious man, whom he suspected of being disliked towards himself, or, finally, whom he considered them dangerous due to the discovery of people's love for them.
Godunov saw the people’s love for the Romanovs, and this was enough to accuse them of some crime, treason, malice against the authorities, or witchcraft. The Romanovs were accused of witchcraft, and in order to make them as safe opponents as possible, they were sent to monasteries.
Fyodor Nikitich was tonsured under the name Philaret - the name under which he became famous both in troubled times and throughout the history of the Russian land, and was imprisoned in the Antoniev-Siysky Monastery, and his wife Ksenia Ivanovna or Aksinya, as she was then called, was tonsured under the name of Martha and exiled to one of the Zaonezh churchyards.
With Ksenia were small children, among whom was the future Tsar of the Russian Land, Mikhail Fedorovich.
We find mention of this difficult time in Ksenia Ivanovna’s life only in the reports of the bailiff Voeikov, who was assigned as a vigilant guard to Filaret Nikitich, imprisoned in the monastery, and was obliged to report every action, every word of his to Godunov.
Thus, in one of his reports, Voeikov says that Elder Philaret grieves especially strongly when he remembers his wife, and therefore he even conveys to Godunov the words of the prisoner with which he expressed his longing for his wife and children.
These are these curious words: “my dear children! the little poor remained; who will feed and water them? Will it be the same for them now as it was for me? And my poor wife! is she already alive? tea was brought there, where no rumor would go? I really need it! The trouble is my wife and children: as soon as you remember them, it’s like a spear in your heart. They bother me a lot: God grant that God would tidy them up earlier, I would be glad about that. And my wife, tea, is glad that God would give them death, and they would no longer interfere with me, I would begin to provide with my soul alone; and the brothers are all already, God willing, on their own feet.”
The prisoner did not know, wishing the death of his wife and children, that such a high appointment awaited them ahead, and one - the Moscow crown.
Then came a time of troubles, and it brought many changes with it to the Russian land, and these changes were equally reflected in the fate of people; those who stood above fell very low; those previously overthrown from a height rose even higher: some died from Tsar Godunov, others from Shuisky, others from the Poles, and others in a battle with their own compatriots, when, under several impostors at once, “shakyness” began in the Russian land; and in this moral vacillation they killed their own, sparing neither blood nor community of religion and origin.
The husband of Xenia, or already Elder Martha, Elder Philaret, is a very prominent person among the figures in the last act of the troubled drama of the “hard times.” But he is again in captivity, in collateral with the Poles.
The Russian people, who then woke up from the moral nightmare of impostor, expel the Poles and all their enemies from their land, and look for a king for themselves.
The Russian people find this king in the son of Ksenia Ivanovna Romanova, Elder Martha, who saved and nurtured this son during the terrible time of “hard times”, raised him until he was 16 years old and lived with him in the Ipatiev Monastery, near Kostroma.
This is where Elder Martha again appears in the historical light, before whom all the names, events and figures of the Time of Troubles passed - Godunov, and the unknown Dimitri Tsarevich, and Marina Mnishek, and the Tushinsky thief, and Tsar Shuisky, and the Polish prince: she saw it all or heard about it all.
On March 14, in the famous year 1612, a solemn embassy from Moscow came to the Ipatiev Monastery to invite the son of Elder Martha, young Mikhail Fedorovich, to the kingdom, at a time when his father was still languishing in Polish captivity for the Russian land.
At this great moment, Elder Martha shows all the independence of her character and a deep understanding of what happened on Russian soil at the time when she, in her distant solitude, took refuge with her children from the horrors of the nation's instability.
Elected people of the Russian land came to Elder Martha and her son with icons. She and her son came out to meet this great embassy, as if led by holy icons, and asked: why did they come to them? The elected people announced to them the will and petition of all. Russian land - to be young Mikhail Fedorovich in the kingdom.
The child tsar began to cry at this news, he cried out of grief and fear at such a great and terrible matter as “industry” over the entire Russian land, which, apparently, had not yet calmed down from the general shock. “With great anger and weeping,” the chosen tsar answered that he did not want to be sovereign over the Russian land, and his mother, Martha, announced that “she did not bless her son for this great feat.”
The elected people came to the church. There they submitted their letters of election.
Elder Martha said to the ambassadors:
“My son has no idea of being a sovereign in such great, glorious states; he is not at the age of perfection, and in the Moscow state, people of all ranks were exhausted by their sins; they gave their souls to the former sovereigns and did not serve directly.
Elder Martha remembered everything to them - their betrayal of Godunov, whom they themselves had chosen to rule, and the murder of the one whom they recognized as Tsarevich Dimitri, and the removal from the throne of Shuisky, whom they themselves kissed the cross to serve faithfully.
“Seeing,” Martha continued, “such oath-breaking, disgrace, murder and desecration of former sovereigns, how can a born sovereign be a sovereign in the Moscow state?” And that’s why it’s still impossible: the Moscow state was completely ruined by the Polish and Lithuanian people and the fickleness of the Russian people; the former royal treasures, collected from long ago, were taken away by the Lithuanian people; palace villages, black volosts, suburbs and suburbs were distributed as estates to nobles and boyar children and all kinds of service people, and they were desolate, and the service people were poor.
To sit on the Moscow throne, Ksenia Ivanovna further said, is to go to obvious “death.” She finally reminded the electors that her husband was in Lithuania, in full, and that, having learned about the election of his son to the kingdom, the king would not spare Elder Philaret in revenge for his failures in the Russian land.
The ambassadors feel and understand all the harshness and truth of Elder Martha’s words - and they cry, but continue to tirelessly pray to her to bless her son for the kingdom: they prayed from the third hour to the ninth!
Nothing helped. Then they began to threaten Martha with the wrath of God, punishment for allowing the Russian land to perish to the end.
Only then did Elder Martha bless her son for the kingdom.
Then Elder Martha again fades into the background, although her influential hand is visible due to the initial orders of her son-king.
So, before leaving for Moscow, the newly elected tsar writes to the Moscow boyars to prepare for his quarters “the golden chamber of Queen Irina with workshop chambers and vestibules,” and for his mother, Elder Martha, “the wooden mansions of Tsar Shuisky’s wife.” The boyars from Moscow respond that “a mansion has been prepared for Elder Martha in the Ascension Monastery, where Queen Martha lived.” The young tsar, of course, not without guidance from his mother, responds to Moscow: “It is not suitable to live in these mansions of our mother.”
But even here a new obstacle appears for the Tsar and his mother to enter Moscow: while still at Trinity, on the road to Moscow, the old woman Martha and the Tsar tell the boyars and cry that there are still many thieves on Russian soil, that there is still trouble in the state, then how the boyars and elected people who called Michael to the throne said that the Russian land had calmed down, had fallen behind its instability, that there were no more thieves and traitors left in the Russian land. In view of all these troubles in the state, the tsar and his mother do not dare to go to Moscow.
They were reassured, and on May 2, 1612, the ceremonial entry into Moscow of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich and his mother Ksenia Ivanovna, Elder Martha, took place.
From this time on, the presence of Elder Martha again becomes invisible. Her husband Filaret Nikitich returns from Lithuania and is elevated to the high rank of Patriarch of the Russian Land. Father and son rule the Russian land together, and there is no longer any mention of Elder Martha.
True, her strong influence comes out one more time - on the issue of the marriage of the Tsar’s son to the maiden Marya Khlopova; but we will talk about this in its own place.
Inseparably with the name of Ksenia Ivanovna Romanova, or Elder Martha, the name of the hawthorn Marya Ivanovna Khlopova, whose fate was decided completely differently than this young girl wanted and hoped, should be placed, only because Ksenia Ivanovna in the Khlopova case made a decision not in favor of this girls.
In 1616, when the young Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich was already about twenty years old, his father, Filaret Nikitich, caring about consolidating the throne for his family, decided to marry his son, and for this purpose, following the example of Ivan Vasilyevich the Terrible, who raised for his son , Fedora, a bride from childhood, having taken seven-year-old Irina Godunova to the palace for this purpose, decided to take a young maiden, hawthorn Marya Ivanovna Khlopova, to the court.
The noblewoman Khlopova, according to the custom of that time, was renamed Nastasya in the palace from Marya, probably in honor of her grandmother, the famous Anastasia Romanovna Zakharyina-Koshkina, the first wife of Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich the Terrible, and began to be called the princess.
Suddenly the king is informed that his bride, Hawthorn Marya, or Princess Nastasya, is dangerously and incurably ill. This disease manifested itself in the fact that the hawthorn princess once vomited.
Without investigating the case, the unfortunate princess-bride is immediately exiled to Tobolsk, along with her relatives, of course, for why they did not warn that the hawthorn was sick and unworthy to be the royal bride.
Filaret Nikitich, apparently, suspected that there was an intrigue here, and therefore gradually began to soften the severity of the exile of Khlopova and her relatives from Tobolsk in 1619, bringing them closer to Verkhoturye, and in 20, moving them even closer - to Nizhny.
But meanwhile, the young king was left without a bride, and Filaret decided to marry him to a foreign princess.
For this purpose, at the same time, in 1621, an embassy was sent to Denmark, to King Christian, consisting of Prince Alexei Mikhailovich Lvov and clerk Shipov.
At the same time, it was written to King Christian from Moscow:
“By the grace of God, the great sovereign Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich comes to the age of manhood and the time has come for him to marry the sovereign; and His Royal Majesty knows that the Royal Majesty has two maidens, his own nieces, and for this the Great Sovereign lovingly announces to His Royal Majesty: if the Royal Majesty wants to be with the great Sovereign Tsar in brotherhood, friendship, love, union and friendship forever, then his royal majesty would give his niece, who is fit for that great task, for the great sovereign.”
The ambassadors were given the following order:
“If they say that the royal niece will enter the Russian faith for the love of her husband, but it is not suitable for her to be baptized another time, because she is already of the Christian faith and was baptized according to her own law, then the answer is: the royal niece cannot be baptized another time.” it is impossible, because we have considerable discord with all faiths: in other faiths, instead of baptism, they pour over and do not anoint with myrrh; so the king would induce his niece to do this, and let her go so that she could receive holy baptism.”
If the king and his entourage say: “how will she follow the great sovereign, then let the great sovereign himself lead her to this, and they do not take away her will, or let the ambassadors themselves talk about this with the royal niece” - then answer that they It is not suitable for them to talk about this with a high-born royal niece, because their maiden affairs are shameful, and it is not suitable for them to talk to her a lot to guard their high-born honor.
The ambassadors had to hunt, speak to the bride's relatives and close people in every possible way, praise the Orthodox faith and bring the bride for this purpose, so that she would want to be with the sovereign of the same faith and accept holy baptism; to the people who will make a living out of this, to be affectionate and friendly, and, if necessary, then, depending on the measure, to give and reassure them in advance with the state salary.
If the king asks: will his niece have special cities and incomes, then answer: “if, according to divine scripture, they both become one flesh, then what should they, the sovereigns, be divided into? everything that belongs to the state will be common; whatever she, the empress, wants, everything will not be forbidden to her; whoever she wants, according to the advice and command of her husband, will be favored, and those Danish people who will be with her will not be in bondage and need, and it is expected that not many people will be with her: many people have nothing to be with, In the court of the great sovereign there are many honest and old noblewomen and maidens - fatherly daughters.
If consent is received for all this, then the ambassadors are asked to hit their nieces with their foreheads, and when they come to them, hit them with their foreheads, according to custom, politely on their hands, and offer the queen and the maidens the funeral service forty sables each, or whatever is more suitable, and watch the maidens from afar carefully, which is which is age, face, whiteness, eyes, hair and all beauty, and whether there is any injury, but look from afar and notice politely. If the queen calls them to the hand, then go; kiss the queen and the girls on the hand, and not hang around with them (do not take them by the hand), and, having looked at the girls, go out, and then visit the one who is fit for great work, so that she is healthy, good in appearance, not crippled and good in mind , and which one they choose, make an agreement with the king about it, ask how much land and treasury they will give for the bride.
But nothing came of this from the embassy. The king did not even speak to Prince Lvov, ordering him to be told that he was ill, and the ambassadors, as a result of this, did not want to talk to his closest dignitaries about such a great matter as the king’s matchmaking.
Then, in January 1628, an embassy was sent to the Swedish king Gustav Adolf in order to woo Princess Catherine, the sister of the Elector of Brandenburg George, Gustav Adolf's brother-in-law.
But here too there was failure. Gustav Adolf replied that Princess Catherine would not give up her faith for the sake of the kingdom.
After these failures with foreign matchmaking, Filaret again raised the case of the unfortunate Marya Khlopova, who lived with her relatives in Nizhny, and - as the news came from there - was completely healthy.
Doctor Valentin Bils and doctor Baltser, who, on behalf of the kravchiy Mikhail Mikhailovich Saltykov, nephew of the Tsarina-Mother Ksenia Ivanovna, took care of the Tsar's bride when she fell ill in the palace, announced in response to a request made by him that the hawthorn princess had an empty stomach illness, easily curable.
Then they took Saltykov for interrogation. Saltykov, apparently, dodged, got confused, showed that he had not said that Khlopova’s hawthorn was incurable, and generally discovered that he had lied then.
Not content with this, the Tsar and Filaret sent for Khlopova’s father, and then for her uncle Gavrila Khlopov. The hawthorn's father testified that his daughter Marya was completely healthy until she was brought to the palace; She vomited in the palace, but the vomiting soon went away, but in exile this never happened to her. They asked the confessor of the hawthorn tree - he showed the same thing.
They also brought the bride’s uncle, Gavrila Khlopov, and the matter was explained as follows:
One day the tsar and his boyars went to look at things in the armory. They brought him a Turkish saber of remarkable workmanship, and everyone praised this work.
Mikhailo Saltykov remarked:
- This is incredible! And in Moscow the sovereign craftsmen will make such a saber.
The Tsar, turning to Gavrila Khlopov, who was also there with the other boyars, asked:
– Will they make such a saber in Moscow?
“They’ll do something, but not like that,” answered Khlopov. Saltykov snatched the saber from his hands and said with annoyance that Khlopov didn’t understand anything about this. After that they “talked a lot,” that is, they had a big quarrel, and from that moment the Saltykovs disliked the Khlopovs. Unfortunately, the hawthorn princess fell ill, and the king was informed that she was terminally ill.
But, not being satisfied with this explanation, Filaret and the tsar sent boyar Fyodor Ivanovich Sheremetev and Miracle Archimandrite Joseph with doctors to Nizhny to truly find out whether the boyar Marya Ivanovna was healthy. They found that she was healthy.
The unfortunate girl, in response to Sheremetev’s question: why did she fall ill, out of her superstitious naivety, answered:
- My illness happened from an adversary.
Her father, no less superstitious and angry at the Saltykovs for his daughter’s misfortune, testified that the Saltykovs poisoned her: “they gave her some vodka from a pharmacy for her appetite.”
Only Hawthorn’s uncle, Gavrila Khlopov, explained this circumstance more intelligently than anyone else: he said that Hawthorn’s niece fell ill from excessive consumption of sweet foods.
This is understandable. The young, pretty hawthorn, taken to the palace, the betrothed bride of the king and the future queen, of course, was, as they say, carried in their arms, fed with sweets - and this ruined her whole life.
The intrigue of the Saltykovs was thus completely revealed, and they were sent to the villages. Their mother was sent to a monastery. The estates and estates were taken to the treasury, explaining this severe disgrace by the fact that the Saltykovs “caused a hindrance to the sovereign’s joy and marriage.”
“You did this,” Saltykov said in the royal decree, “by treason, forgetting the sovereign’s kiss on the cross and the sovereign’s great mercy; and the sovereign’s mercy was not according to your measure to you and to your mother; You were bestowed with honor and closeness more than all your brothers, and you made no difference, you didn’t go after the sovereign’s health, you did nothing but enrich yourself, fill your houses and tribe, stole lands, and did lies in all your affairs, They intended for you, with the sovereign’s favor, not to see anyone but yourself, and not to show goodwill and service to the sovereign.”
But still, the tsar no longer took the unfortunate Khlopova for himself. The reason for this was that the Tsar's mother, Ksenia Ivanovna, did not want this for anything, because the injured Saltykovs were her nephews. It may also be that during the seven years of exile, the hawthorn Marya Ivanovna managed to grow old and look ugly.
Khlopova was left in Nizhny, but because she was the Tsar’s bride and ruined her happiness with an immoderate addiction to sweet dishes, she was ordered to “give food twice as much as before.”
After this, the tsar married Marya Vladimirovna Dolgorukaya, who, however, died that same year. Chroniclers say, as usual, that she was poisoned - she was spoiled.
The next year, Mikhail Fedorovich married Evdokia Lukyanovna Streshneva, the daughter of an insignificant nobleman.
There is nothing positive to say about these two individuals, because they did not show themselves in any way, either directly or indirectly, in relation to other persons and events.
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The review of the brides, according to the results of which the king chose Maria, took place in 1616. At the beginning of the next year, Maria, with a new name Anastasia was placed “in the palace above.” She was ordered to be honored as a queen, the courtyard people kissed her cross, and throughout the entire Moscow state it was ordered to remember her name in litanies. Khlopova and her relatives aroused the envy of the Saltykovs, who turned the Tsar's mother against the bride. When the bride fell ill (stomach upset), she was denounced as infertile, and the boyar Duma declared that “the tsar’s bride is not durable for the sovereign’s joy.”
Maria, along with her grandmother, aunt and two uncles, was exiled to Tobolsk. Her father and mother were sent to the voivodeship in Vologda. Her future fate:
1619: Maria was transferred to Verkhoturye.
1621: Maria was transferred to Nizhny Novgorod, where she was settled in the escheat court of Kuzma Minin.
All this time, Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich maintained a tender feeling for the girl and refused to marry. After his father, Patriarch Philaret, arrived at court and was able to resist the wishes of the royal mother, nun Martha, who was opposed to Mary, a new inquiry was conducted into Khlopova’s illness. The doctors who were confronted testified that they provided the Saltykovs with information that was completely different from what they gave to the tsar, and the girl was quite healthy. At the end of 1623, 7 years after the tragic event, investigators headed by boyar F.I. arrived in Nizhny Novgorod. Sheremetev, who found her quite healthy. They were already preparing to deliver the girl to Moscow. But the tsar’s mother still insisted on her own, and Mikhail Fedorovich realized that he would never marry Khlopova.
In September 1624, the 29-year-old tsar finally married Maria Dolgorukova, remaining a bachelor until he was quite mature for his era.
Khlopova, better settled than before, continued to remain in Nizhny Novgorod until her death, which followed no later than March 1633.
Literature
P. Melnikov. “Maria Ivanovna Khlopova, bride of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich” (Nizhny Novgorod Provincial Gazette, 1845, No. 7 et seq.)
D. Mordovtsev. “Russian women of pre-Petrine Rus'”;
I. E. Zabelin. “Home life of Russian queens” (Chapter 3).
Source: http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khlopova,_Maria_Ivanovna
When Mikhail Fedorovich was elected to the throne, he was only 16 years old. However, “only” is according to modern estimates. And according to the norms of that time, at that age the king should have gotten married and entered adulthood. Otherwise, what kind of ruler is he if he is not even the head of his family?
However, the search for the newly-made sovereign did not begin immediately - three years after his accession to the throne. This process was slowed down on all sides: by the way, one of those who put a spoke in the wheels was Mikhail Fedorovich’s own mother, nun Martha, in the world Ksenia Ivanovna Romanova. She was afraid that the appearance of another woman in the family would affect the balance of political forces, so she was wary of her son’s possible marriage. For the same reasons, the Saltykov boyars, in whose hands considerable power was concentrated, did not support this idea. At the same time, everyone understood perfectly well that it was impossible to postpone the wedding indefinitely. The people will not remain silent for long: an unmarried king will soon certainly bring upon himself a storm of anger.
In 1616—Mikhail Fedorovich’s age at that time was approaching twenty years—it was decided to organize a show. Those close to the young sovereign, in a sense, turned out to be democrats and even allowed him to choose the bride he liked. The Tsar took a liking to Maria Khlopova, the daughter of a Kolomna nobleman. The girl was immediately placed in the queens' chambers, and her name - the royal bride was named Anastasia in honor of the first wife of Ivan the Terrible - began to be mentioned during services. It seemed that things were moving towards the wedding by leaps and bounds. But that was not the case: although the girl belonged to a noble family, her parents could hardly be considered wealthy and influential people. But the Saltykovs saw excessive ambition in the Khlopov family, which, of course, could not please the powerful boyars.
Maria Khlopova. Drawing by Nikolai Nevrev. (wikipedia.org)
Given such a set of circumstances, it does not seem strange that Maria, aka Anastasia, suddenly fell ill. For several days she was tormented by bouts of vomiting, and no one could find out the cause. The doctor solved the problem ingeniously: a version was voiced that the royal bride had overindulged in sweets, and that would make anyone feel bad. Khlopova’s illness was considered insignificant: “there is no harm to the fruit and childbirth from this.” However, Mikhail Saltykov hastened to inform the tsar that, according to another doctor, nothing good would come of this situation. Like, the same disease struck down one girl in Uglich, and she died suddenly.
After consulting, the Boyar Duma recognized Khlopova as an unworthy candidate for the role of the sovereign's bride. “To the royal joy it is fragile,” was the verdict. Maria was separated from her parents and sent to Tobolsk. Mikhail Fedorovich did not forget about his betrothed bride and for a long time did not want to hear about other girls.
Mikhail Fedorovich at a meeting of the Boyar Duma. (wikipedia.org)
The question of marriage arose again after the return of Patriarch Filaret, father of Mikhail Fedorovich, from Polish captivity. It was then that it turned out that Khlopova had been slandered: the girl was healthy and quite “strong.” It was decided to exile the Saltykovs, but this did not affect the general state of affairs. It was too late to return everything to normal. Khlopova at that time was already well over twenty - not the most suitable age for a bride.
In 1624, the king finally got married. He himself did not want this, but his mother insisted. His wife was Princess Maria Vladimirovna Dolgorukaya. However, a few days later it turned out that the queen was sick. And this time everything turned out to be serious: within a few months the girl died. The chronicler was convinced that it was God who punished the royal family for the atrocities committed against the innocent Maria Khlopova.
Evdokia Lukyanovna Streshneva. (wikipedia.org)
And only in 1626, the thirty-year-old tsar’s attempts to start a family were finally crowned with success: Evdokia Lukyanovna Streshneva became his wife, with whom he spent the rest of his life.
KHLOPOVA MARIA IVANOVNA
Khlopova (Maria Ivanovna) is the daughter of a Moscow nobleman, the bride of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich. In 1616, when the tsar was in his 20th year, it was decided to marry him; his choice fell on Kh., who, at the beginning of the next year, with the new name “Anastasia”, was placed “in the palace above.” Together with her, her closest relatives also approached the tsar, of whom her uncle, Gavriil Vasilyevich Kh., aroused envy in the tsar’s relative, M.M., with his closeness. Saltykov. One day H. fell ill. Despite the assurances of the court doctors and Kh.’s rapid recovery, Saltykov managed to assure the tsar that her illness was incurable; The boyar Duma declared that “the tsar’s bride is not long-lasting for the sovereign’s joy.” After that, she, along with her grandmother, aunt and two uncles, was exiled to Tobolsk, separated from her mother and father, who was sent to the voivodeship in Vologda. In the fall of 1619, Kh. was transferred to Verkhoturye, and in 1621 - to Nizhny Novgorod. Patriarch Filaret advised a new inquiry into X’s illness. “Investigators” were sent to Nizhny Novgorod, led by boyar F.I. Sheremetev. Arriving there at the end of 1623, they found Kh. quite healthy and were preparing to take her to Moscow, when suddenly news came from there that they themselves were immediately recalled; the reluctance of Mikhail Fedorovich's mother and the beauty of Prince Dolgorukov's daughter took precedence over the tsar's former passion. Kh., arranged better than before, continued to remain in Nizhny Novgorod until her death, which followed no later than March 1633. Wed. article by P. Melnikov “M.I.Kh., the bride of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich” (“Nizhny Novgorod Provincial Gazette”, 1845, ¦ 7 et seq.); D. Mordovtsev "Russian women of pre-Petrine Rus'"; AND I. Zabelin "Home life of Russian queens" (Chapter 3).
Brief biographical encyclopedia.
2012See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what KHLOPOVA MARIA IVANOVNA is in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:
- MARIA in the Dictionary of meanings of Gypsy names:
(borrowed, feminine) - associated with the name... - MARIA in the Directory of Characters and Cult Objects of Greek Mythology:
Queen of Sicily from the dynasty of Aragonese kings in 1377-1402. Daughter of Frederick III. Married since 1390 to Infante Martin, son of... - MARIA in biographies of Monarchs:
Queen of Sicily from the dynasty of the Aragonese kings in 1377-1402. Daughter of Frederick III. Married since 1390 to Infante Martin, son of... - MARIA in the Lexicon of Sex:
(Mother of God, Mother of God, Virgin Mary, Madonna), in Christian mythology, the mother of Jesus Christ, who immaculately conceived him (cf. parthenogenesis). Image … - MARIA in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
(Theotokos Mother of God, Virgin Mary, Madonna), in Christianity, the mother of Jesus Christ, who immaculately conceived him. Mary's parents are righteous Joachim and Anna... - KHLOPOVA
(Marya Ivanovna) - daughter of a Moscow nobleman, bride of Tsar Mikhail Feodorovich. In 1616, when the tsar was in his 20th year, it was decided... - MARY SISTER OF LAZARUS in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
see Martha and... - MARIA ST. in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
the name of several saints: 1) a martyr who suffered in the 3rd century; memory June 6: 2) reverend, niece of Rev. Abrahamia the recluse, lived in... - MARIA NAME in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
(from the Hebrew Mariam - “high”, “excellent”, “glorious”) - a name of many. saints, empresses and princesses, common among all Christians... - MARY DAUGHTER OF PHILIP I in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
Queen of Hungary (1505-1558), daughter of Philip I the Fair and Joanna the Mad, married Louis II of Hungary in 1522, widowed... - MARY DAUGHTER OF LOUIS I in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
Queen of Hungary (1370-1395), daughter of King Louis I (see corresponding... - MARIA in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
I Tudor - English queen (1553 - 58), daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, b. in 1515 From the age of 2... - MARIA in the Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- MARIA in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
(Theotokos, Mother of God, Virgin Mary, Madonna), in Christianity the mother of Jesus Christ, who immaculately conceived him. Mary's parents are righteous Joachim and Anna... - MARIA
MARIA FYODOROVNA NAKED (?-1612), seventh wife of Ivan IV (from 1581). In 1584 she was exiled with her son Dmitry to Uglich, after his... - MARIA in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
MARIA FYODOROVNA (Sofia-Dorothea-Augusta-Louise) (1759-1828), Princess of Württemberg, wife (from 1776) grew up. imp. Paul I. Created a number of charities. and educate. (Ch. ed.... - MARIA in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
MARY I TUDOR (Mary I Tudor) (1516-58), English. queen since 1553. Having restored Catholicism, she brutally persecuted supporters of the Reformation (nicknames - Mary ... - MARIA in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
MARY THERESIA (1717-80), Austrian. Archduchess since 1740, from the Habsburg dynasty. She asserted her rights to the Habsburg possessions in the war... - MARIA in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
MARY STEWART (1542-87), Scottish. queen in 1542 (actually from 1561) - 1567; also applied for English. throne. Restore ... - MARIA in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
MARY MAGDALENE, a repentant sinner in Christianity, one of the myrrh-bearing women, a devoted follower of Jesus Christ, honored to be the first to see him risen. Christian included. ... - MARIA in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
MARIA Cristina (Maria Cristina) Elder (1806-78), wife of the Spanish. King Ferdinand VII, regent of Spain in 1833-40 (under Isabella... - MARIA in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
MARY OF EGYPT (6th century), Christ. holy. According to legend, in her youth she was a harlot; Having joined the pilgrims who were going to Jerusalem, she turned... - MARIA in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
MARIE ANTOINETTE (Marie-Antoinette) (1755-93), French. queen, wife (from 1770) of Louis XVI. Daughter of an Austrian Emperor. From the beginning Franz. revolution, the inspirer of the counter-revolution. ... - MARIA in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
MARIA II da Gloria (1819-53), Queen of Portugal in 1826-28 and from 1834, from the Braganza dynasty. Governing body … - MARIA in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
MARY I (Maria I) (1734-1816), Queen of Portugal from 1777, from the Braganza dynasty; from 1792, in connection with mental illness. disease M.... - MARIA in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
MARY (Theotokos, Mother of God, Virgin Mary, Madonna), in Christianity the mother of Jesus Christ, who immaculately conceived him. M.'s parents are righteous Joachim and Anna... - KHLOPOVA in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia:
(Marya Ivanovna)? daughter of a Moscow nobleman, bride of Tsar Mikhail Feodorovich. In 1616, when the tsar was in his 20th year, it was decided... - MARIA in Collier's Dictionary:
I (Mary) (1867-1953), Queen of England, wife of the English King George V. Born on May 26, 1867 in London. Daughter of the Duke of Teck, she... - MARIA in the Dictionary for solving and composing scanwords:
Mother of Jesus... - MARIA in the Russian Synonyms dictionary:
Our Lady, Mother of God, Virgin Mary, name, Madonna, Maroussia, ... - MARIA in the Complete Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language.
- MARIA in the Modern Explanatory Dictionary, TSB:
(Theotokos, Mother of God, Virgin Mary, Madonna), in Christianity the mother of Jesus Christ, who immaculately conceived him. Mary's parents are the righteous Joachim and... - FLOROVSKAYA KSENIA IVANOVNA
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "THREE". Florovskaya Ksenia Ivanovna (nee Simonova) (+ 1977), wife of Archpriest. G. Florovsky. Born in Russia... - FIGURINA NATALIA IVANOVNA in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "THREE". Figurina Natalya Ivanovna (1879 - 1938), ktitor. Born in 1879 in the village... - OSTROGLAZOVA ANNA IVANOVNA in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "THREE". Ostroglazova Anna Ivanovna (1900 - after 1937), martyr. Memory November 10, at... - ORZHEVSKAYA NATALIA IVANOVNA in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "THREE". Orzhevskaya Natalya Ivanovna (1859 - not earlier (1935). Born in 1859 in Tsarskoe Selo ... - MASLANOVA ANISIYA IVANOVNA in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "THREE". Maslanova Anisiya Ivanovna (1878 - 1937), church elder, martyr. Memory of November 20 and... - LOSEVA VARVARA IVANOVNA in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "THREE". Loseva Varvara Ivanovna (1894 - 1938), martyr. Memory 22 February, in the Cathedral... - KUVSHINOVA MILICA IVANOVNA in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "THREE". Kuvshinova Militsa Ivanovna (1891 - 1938), martyr. Memory January 23, in the Cathedral... - ZERTSALOVA ANNA IVANOVNA in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "THREE". Zertsalova Anna Ivanovna (1870 - 1937), spiritual writer, martyr. Memory November 14, ... - GOROKHOVA ANNA IVANOVNA in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "THREE". Gorokhova Anna Ivanovna (1896 - 1938), novice, martyr. Memory March 7,... - YAKOVLEVA YULIA IVANOVNA (YULIA BEZRODNAYA)
Yakovleva (Yulia Ivanovna) - writer. Known under the pseudonym Yulia Bezrodnaya. Born in 1859, in the family of an official. In 1875... - SCHMIDT-MOSKVITINOVA OLGA IVANOVNA in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia:
Schmidt-Moskvitinova (Olga Ivanovna) - writer for children, born in 1851. Published: “Fairytale World”, “Lily of the Valley”, “Tales of European Nations” and ... - SHESTAKOVA LYUDMILA IVANOVNA (GLINKA) in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia:
Shestakova (Lyudmila Ivanovna, born Glinka) - publisher of operas and other works of her brother M.G. Glinka; born in 1816... - FIGNER MEDEA IVANOVNA in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia:
Figner Medea Ivanovna - his wife, Medea Ivanovna (former surname - May) - also a famous soprano singer; born in 1860, ... - MARFA IVANOVNA in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia:
Marfa Ivanovna - the great "nun" - queen, mother of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich (died in 1631). Daughter of the one elected to the “thousand” of Grozny... - KSENIA IVANOVNA ROMANOVA in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia:
Ksenia Ivanovna Romanova - mother of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich: see Marfa (Ivanovna) ... - EZHOVA EKATERINA IVANOVNA in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia:
Ezhova Ekaterina Ivanovna - actress of the St. Petersburg dramatic stage (1787 - 1837), lifelong friend of the playwright Prince A.A. Shakhovsky; completed the course...
The founder of the Romanov royal dynasty, Mikhail Fedorovich, was preparing for his first marriage when his age was approaching twenty years. How old the royal bride Maria Ivanovna Khlopova was is unknown. Mikhail Fedorovich, who tried in everything not to give in to “how it happened under previous natural-born sovereigns,” deviated from tradition when concluding his own marriage. Information about the viewing of the royal brides, as was done under Ivan the Terrible, has not been preserved in the sources.
Historians only assume that the bride was pretty and young. In the first half of the 17th century people got married early - at the age of 16-17, or even earlier. But even the most meticulous scientists cannot answer what is the reason for the king’s affection for this girl. The area of feelings is too delicate, and, as luck would have it, there is practically no information in this case. Just assumptions. Perhaps the future autocrat knew his chosen one from childhood.
“It is known that the Khlopovs belonged to the ordinary nobility,” writes historian Vyacheslav Kozlyakov in the biography of Mikhail Fedorovich. “Consequently, the tsar acted as a private person, without any political calculations in mind. Otherwise, he would have chosen the daughter of some “something prince or boyar, not to mention a foreigner, which is rare, but happened in the practice of Moscow sovereigns.”
There is no doubt that Maria Ivanovna Khlopova was named the royal bride and taken to the royal palace in 1616. In the royal chambers she was given a new name - Anastasia. In honor of the first Russian queen and first wife of Ivan the Terrible, great-aunt of the sovereign Anastasia Romanovna. She was the sister of Mikhail Fedorovich’s grandfather. The bride's relatives were appointed courtiers, and she herself began to be mentioned at church services. Together with her fiancé, she visited the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. However, the wedding never took place.
The reason, as revealed by the investigation carried out on the orders of Patriarch Filaret (father of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich), was one insignificant incident. The incident took place in the Armory, which Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, like his predecessors, loved to show to his guests. They brought a Turkish saber to the monarch and those present unanimously began to praise the quality of foreign work, and the king asked his mother’s cousin Mikhail Saltykov if Russian gunsmiths could make the same magnificent weapon.
The gunsmith Mikhail Mikhailovich, as the head of the Armory Chamber, replied: “This is unprecedented, and in Moscow the sovereign’s craftsmen will make such a saber.” The bride's uncle Gavrila Vasilyevich Khlopov, not experienced in palace diplomacy, when the tsar addressed him with the same question, blurted out: “They will do something, but not like that.” The offended Saltykov snatched the saber from Khlopov’s hands, accusing him of ignorance of bladed weapons. Both had a big quarrel or, as they wrote then, “talked much more casually.”
Soon after Maria Anastasia arrived at the Kremlin Palace, she began to experience attacks of nausea and vomiting. Mikhail and his brother Boris Saltykov, who headed the Pharmacy Department and, therefore, was responsible for the health of the royal bride, declared that her illness was incurable. To resolve a complex issue, a Zemsky Sobor was convened, which removed the bride from the courtyard. The illness quickly passed, but Maria Khlopova was irrevocably deleted from the list of royal brides. Seven years later, Dr. Valentin Biltz and doctor Baltser announced the cause of her illness - a simple stomach upset. According to Gavrila Khlopov, the niece gorged herself on unprecedented sweets.
Patriarch Filaret achieved the deportation of the Saltykov brothers from Moscow to distant cities. A commission was sent to Maria Khlopova, who lived in Nizhny Novgorod, to examine her state of health. The girl was recognized as completely healthy and fit to bear children, however, in 1623 she was officially denied the title of royal bride. They suspect that Mikhail Fedorovich’s mother insisted on this decision, wanting to see a wife from a noble family next to her son.
In 1621, ambassadors Prince Lvov and clerk Shipov were sent to the court of King Christian of Denmark. The Royal Majesty had maidens of marriageable age, his own nieces. However, things didn't work out. They remembered how they sent “Prince Egan” (John) to Muscovy to take Ksenia Borisovna Godunova as his wife, but upon arrival in Russia he unexpectedly fell ill and died. The Danes were also confused by the indispensable requirement for the bride to change her faith.
They were also looking for a bride in Scandinavia. The matchmaking with Catherine, the sister of the Brandenburg Elector Georg Wilhelm and at the same time the sister of the wife of the Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus, encountered an insurmountable obstacle in 1623 - the change of religion of the Protestant bride.
The king made his choice when he turned 28 years old. The daughter of the boyar Prince Vladimir Timofeevich Dolgorukov, one of the representatives of the younger branch of the Obolensky princes, was called Marya. There were no special merits for Prince Dolgorukov. Quite the contrary. He was captured by enemies several times. Vladimir Timofeevich’s biggest failure was the loss of Marina Mnishek, whom the Tushino detachment took from him and took to False Dmitry II, creating a problem that existed even at the beginning of the reign of Mikhail Fedorovich.