Knowing how the engine of the washing machine is connected is necessary to check the correct operation, or to use it for other purposes. Not all motors can be tested and used in household appliances. But most connect quite easily - the main thing is to know the principle of operation and the circuit.
Kinds
Three types of engines are used in modern washing machines:
- collector;
- asynchronous;
Collector
This is the most common motor. According to statistics, it costs 85% of washing machines.
Its advantages:
- inexpensive;
- high-torque;
- high-speed;
- easy to manage.
Do you wash shoes in the machine?
Oh yeah!Not
The main disadvantage of these motors is the brush assembly. With average use, it lasts for 8-10 years. Then a replacement is needed. In addition, the brushes are ground and coal dust settles on various parts in the machine.
Quite often, this leads to problems in operation. SMA - automatic washing machine.
"> CMA, which will be difficult to determine. Brush dust allows electricity to pass through, and because of it, current leakage occurs, which leads to failures. Recently, there has been a trend to move away from such motors. But for inexpensive models, brushed motors are indispensable.Asynchronous
Less common option. The advantages include - the absence of brushes, and the problems associated with them.
The disadvantages are the following:
- low speed;
- insufficiently high-torque;
- complex motor control.
As a result, they are not widely used. There are single- and three-phase asynchronous motors. To start the first, a starting capacitor of a certain capacity is used. For three-phase, a complex control system using an inverter is used.
direct drive
In fact, this is an innovative product that was developed by LG, and is very widely used on the models of washing machines that it produces. The main advantage of this engine is the absence drive belt. Since the motor is mounted directly on the drum shaft and rotates it.
Thanks to this, there are no friction losses, as well as additional vibration. The company claims that machines with direct drive engines are less noisy, and therefore more comfortable to use.
The disadvantage of this solution is complex and expensive management. It is carried out by converting alternating current to direct current. Because of this, such motors are called inverter. Electronic modules are very complex and not always repairable.
Connection
Since collector motors are the most common, we will consider connecting to them.
These devices have the following elements:
- stator;
- rotor;
- tachometric generator;
- thermal fuse (in some models);
- grounding.
It is necessary to determine all the contacts in the block.
First of all, we look at a couple of wires from Tachogenerator(from other Greek τάχος - “fast”, “speed” and lat. generator “producer”) - an electric micromachine, a measuring generator of direct or alternating current, designed to convert the instantaneous value of the frequency (angular velocity) of shaft rotation into a uniquely connected with the speed of an electrical signal.
"> tachometer - they are usually red in color, and the thinnest. The location is easy to establish visually.In the same way we define the rotor. From the motor brushes, wires go directly to the block.
If there is no temperature sensor, then the remaining two contacts are the stator. B (BEKO) is in the block. In the rest it is located separately.
The general connection diagram is shown in the figure below.
As you can see, you first need to make a jumper between the rotor and the stator. Then apply 220 volts to the remaining two. But if you do this, and the engine is not fixed at the same time, then it will simply “take off”, because it will immediately pick up maximum speed. The fact is that in the washing machine the speed is regulated using a tachometric generator.
With a direct connection, you need to add resistance between the phase and the contact. best suited for this Tubular electric heater (heating element) - an electric heater in the form of a metal tube filled with a heat-conducting electrical insulator. Exactly in the center of the insulator, a conductive thread (usually nichrome or fechral) of a certain resistance passes to transfer the required specific power to the surface of the heating element.
"> TEN, because it is at hand. The heater will limit the speed and the engine will start smoothly. Thus, you can check its serviceability or use it in various devices.To turn on an asynchronous motor, a starting capacitor is needed. But for verification, you can do without it. To do this, we follow the method:
- using a tester, we determine pairs of windings;
- through the heating element, we connect in series to each;
- fingers, briefly twist the shaft.
Do you wash by hand?
Oh yeah!Not
The second life of the motor
After buying a new washing machine, it is not necessary to throw away the old one. Serviceable elements can be used in everyday life. For example, the engine finds an interesting application.
Grinder
Designed for sharpening knives and tools. Basically, anyone can do it. The main difficulty lies in fastening the abrasive disc. The motor shaft of the washing machine is not intended for the installation of additional parts. It only has grooves for the drive belt.
In this case, two options are possible:
- Weld an extension to the end of the shaft, on which a grinding disc is already attached. Greater accuracy is needed here so that the alignment is preserved.
- Process the shaft on the machine so that it is possible to install the disk and strengthen it, for example, with a washer.
If this can be done, then the rest is a matter of technology. You will need to find a suitable place and secure the device.
vibrating table
A vibrating table may be needed for those who are engaged in the independent production of paving slabs or cinder blocks. There is also a question in the processing of the shaft, for fastening parts.
Do you use citric acid?
Oh yeah!Not
In addition, engines from washing machines are used for the manufacture of the following products:
- Concrete mixer. Quite often this is used, because it is convenient to use a washing tank for these purposes. Of course, some modifications need to be made. The power will be small, but quite sufficient for personal purposes.
- Mill for grinding. Rare use, but very convenient for rural residents who keep poultry.
Other, more exotic options are also possible. Much depends on personal needs and imagination.
Video on the manufacture of a do-it-yourself engine speed controller.
Read more
Good motors are in washing machines, even when the latter fails and is thrown away - the engines are left and later used on the farm (for example, for a mini-machine). Here we will consider a typical engine from an automatic washing machine (new and old types) and a diagram of its separate connection to 220 V. But first, let me lay out some boring theory, which you can skip by going to the second, practical, part of the article.
The theory of operation of an electric motor at 220 V
Asynchronous motors for a single-phase network are basically motors with two-phase windings and with an auxiliary phase taken from the capacitor. Such motors are used in household appliances. Such a motor is used, in particular, in the drive of a washing machine. In addition to two-phase wound motors, three-phase wound motors are sometimes used in some other household appliances.
The motor during direct start can receive from the network a current significantly higher than its rated value. This current is called the motor starting current and its value varies around Ir = 5-7In.
One way to reduce inrush current is to use a star-delta switch. The motor, designed to operate the stator in a delta connection at a given mains voltage, is included in the star system at the time of start:
Due to the reduced voltage supplied to the stator winding phase and the change in connections from delta to star, the current taken from the network will decrease by a factor of three compared to the starting current in a triangular circuit. However, when connected to a star, the motor has three times less starting torque, which makes it impossible to use this method during a heavy start (with a heavy load).
Capacitor for electric motor
For small engines (<1 кВт), значение пускового конденсатора может быть определено из соотношения:
C [µF] = (1800 x Pn) / U2
where Pn [W] is the rated motor power, U [V] is the supply voltage.
This formula is also suitable for calculating the starting capacitor value for single-phase motors with a starting phase.
For larger motors (>1kW) a capacitance of about 70uF/1kW is assumed. It is necessary to use starting capacitors with operating voltages of 400..630 V AC.
You can skip the calculations and simply connect a standard washer motor to 1 phase 220V through a 7 microfarad capacitor connected between the desired terminals. In the middle, connect the first wire of the mains, and the second, depending on the direction of rotation, to one of the capacitor wires. The power drop will be 30% - this is in theory.
The question of choosing a capacitor is easily solved. Here are examples of capacitance values for different motor powers.
PN[W] 90 120 180 250 370 550 750 1100
With[µF] 4 5 6 8 12 16 20 30
The power of rotation in the washing machine in both directions is the same. These are motors with a typical connection for a single-phase motor. The main winding is connected directly to 220 V and a phase winding is connected in parallel with it, together with a capacitor connected in series. If you flip the wires of the phase winding, the motor will rotate in the opposite direction, but the power will be slightly less. This circuit works during the spin cycle. The same for slow and fast rotations - the capacity switches inside the washer from 7 uF to 16 uF.
Motor connection from CMA
This motor contains two independent windings:
for synchronous speed 3000 rpm - two-phase winding.
for synchronous speed 500 rpm - symmetrical three-phase winding. The three-phase connection system allows you to change the rotation speed by switching the winding power.
An old type motor usually has 5 wires in black, blue, white, red and green. A series of measurements was carried out to determine the windings and the resistance between them turned out as follows:
- Blue-black 85 ohm
- Blue-green 85 ohm
- Black-green 80 Ohm
- White-blue 15 Ohm
- White-red 30 Ohm
Connecting an old electric motor requires finding the start winding with a multimeter.
- ON - initial winding. It is designed to start the engine only and starts at the very beginning until the engine starts to rotate.
- OB - excitation winding. This is a working winding that works constantly and constantly turns the motor.
- SB - button, with which voltage is applied to the starting coil and turns off when the engine starts.
Connecting an electric motor from a new washer
If you look at the terminal block with wires from the front, usually the first two left wires are tachometer wires, which measure and regulate the speed of the washing machine motor. We do not need them - they are crossed out with a cross.
In different models of washing machines, the wires differ in color, but the connection principle remains the same. You just need to find the necessary wires by calling them with a multimeter.
A working tachogenerator in a quiet state usually has a resistance of 50-100 ohms. You will immediately find these wires and disconnect them.
If you want to change the motor speed in the opposite direction, just drag the jumper to the other pins. Look at the diagrams to see what it looks like.
Two contacts go through the brushes to the rotor windings and the other two contacts go to the stator winding. The remaining contacts are a sensor for measuring the speed of rotation of the motor. The rotor and stator windings are connected in series and by changing the ends of one of the windings, you change the direction of rotation. Without an electronic regulator, the engine will accelerate to several thousand revolutions per minute (as with maximum spin).
Homemade products from the engine from the washing machine (video selection, photos, diagrams)
1. How to connect the motor from an old washing machine with or without a capacitor
Not all "washer" motors will work with a capacitor.
There are 2 main types of engines:
- with capacitor start (constantly switched on capacitor)
- with starting relay.
As a rule, "capacitor" motors have three winding outputs, power 100 -120 W and revolutions 2700 - 2850 (motors of centrifuges of washing machines).
And engines with a "start relay" have 4 outputs, a power of 180 W and a speed of 1370 - 1450 (washing machine activator drive)
Connecting a "capacitor" motor through the start button may result in loss of power.
And the use of a constantly on capacitor in a motor designed for a starting relay can lead to burnout of the windings!
2. Homemade emery from the engine of a washing machine
Today we will talk about the conversion of an asynchronous electric motor from a washing machine into a generator. In general, I have been interested in this issue for a long time, but there was no particular desire to remake the electric motor, since at that time I did not see the scope of the generator. Since the beginning of the year, work has been new model ski lift. Having your own lift is a good thing, but riding with music is much more fun, so I quickly got the idea to make such a generator so that I can use it on the slope in winter to charge the battery.
I had three electric motors from the washing machine in store, and two of them are absolutely serviceable. Here I decided to convert one of these asynchronous electric motors into a generator.
Looking ahead a little, I will say that the idea is not mine and not new. I will only describe the process of converting an induction motor into a generator.
The electric motor of a washing machine with a capacity of 180 watts, manufactured in China in the early 90s of the last century, was taken as a basis.
I ordered magnets from NPK Magnets and Systems LLC, before I had already bought magnets during the construction of a wind farm. Neodymium magnets, magnet size 20x10x5. The cost of 32 pieces of magnets with delivery is 1240 rubles.
Alteration of the rotor consisted in removing the core layer (deepening). Neodymium magnets will be installed in the resulting recess. At the beginning, 2 mm of the core was removed on a lathe - a protrusion above the side cheeks. Then a 5 mm recess was made for neodymium magnets. The result of the alteration of the rotor can be seen in the photo.
Having measured the circumference of the resulting rotor, the necessary calculations were made, after which a strip template was made from tin. Using a template, the rotor was divided into equal parts. Neodymium magnets will then be glued between the risks.
8 magnets were used per pole. In total, 4 poles turned out on the rotor. With the help of a compass and a marker, all the magnets were marked for convenience. Magnets were glued to the rotor with “Superglue”. Let me tell you, it's hard work. The magnets are very strong, I had to hold them tightly when gluing. There were moments when the magnets came off, pinched fingers, and glue flew into the eyes. Therefore, you need to glue magnets with the use of goggles.
I decided to fill the cavity between the magnets with epoxy resin. To do this, the rotor with magnets was wrapped in several layers of paper. The paper is secured with tape. End faces for additional sealing are smeared with plasticine. A hole has been cut into the shell. A neck is made of plasticine around the hole. Epoxy resin was poured into the hole in the shell.
After the epoxy cured, the casing was removed. The rotor is clamped into the drill chuck for further processing. Grinding was carried out with medium grit sandpaper.
There are 4 wires coming out of the motor. I found a working winding, and cut off the wires from the starting winding. I installed new bearings, because the old ones rotated a little tight. The bolts tightening the body are also new.
The rectifier is assembled on D242 diodes, the SOLAR controller, bought a few years ago on Ebay, is used as a charging controller.
Tests of the generator can be viewed on the video.
To charge the battery, 3-5 turns of the generator are enough. At the maximum speed of the drill, it was possible to squeeze out 273 Volts from the generator. Alas, sticking is decent, so it makes no sense to put such a generator on a windmill. Unless the windmill will be with a large propeller or gearbox.
The generator will stand on the ski lift. Field trials this winter.
Source www.konstantin.in
4. Connecting and adjusting the speed of the collector motor from the automatic washing machine
Regulator manufacturing:
Regulator setting:
Regulator test:
Regulator in Bulgarian:
Download:
5. Pottery wheel from the washing machine
6. Lathe from a washing machine
How to make a headstock lathe on wood from a motor from a washing machine. and a speed controller with power maintenance.
7. Wood splitter with a washing machine engine
The smallest single-phase, screw splitter with a 600 W washing machine motor. with speed stabilizer
Operating speed: 1000-8000 rpm.
8. Homemade concrete mixer
A simple home-made concrete mixer, consists of: a barrel of 200 liters, an engine from a washing machine, a disk from a classic Zhiguli, a gearbox made from a Cossack generator, a big driven pulley from a fairy washing machine, small self-pointing pulleys, a drum pulley made from the same disk.
Prepared and put together: Maximan
Before talking about connecting the washing machine motor, you need to understand what it is. Perhaps someone has long known the wiring diagram for the electric motor of a washing machine, but someone will hear it for the first time.
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An electric motor is a machine powered by electricity that serves as a drive for various mechanisms, i.e. setting them in motion. They produce asynchronous and synchronous units.
It has been known since school days that when magnets are brought close, they attract or repel. The first case occurs at opposite magnetic poles, the second - with the same name. We are talking about permanent magnets and the magnetic field that is constantly created by them.
In addition to those described, there are variable magnets. Everyone remembers an example from a physics textbook: the picture shows a magnet in the shape of a horseshoe. Between its poles there is a frame made in the form of a horseshoe and having half rings. A current was applied to a horizontally located frame.
Since the magnet repels like poles and attracts opposite poles, an electromagnetic field arises around this frame, which turns it vertically. As a result, it receives a current opposite to the first case in sign. The changing polarity rotates the frame and again returns it to the horizontal plane.
The operation of a synchronous motor is based on this principle.
In a real circuit, current is supplied to the windings of the rotor, which is a frame. The source that creates the electromagnetic field are the windings. The stator acts as a magnet.
It is also made from windings or from a set of permanent magnets.
The rotor speed of the described type of electric motor is the same as that of the current that is applied to the winding terminals, i.e. they work synchronously, which gave the name to the electric motor.
To understand the principle of its operation, we recall the same picture as in the previous example: a frame (but without half rings) is placed between the magnetic poles. The magnet is made in the form of a horseshoe, the ends of which are connected.
We begin to slowly rotate it around the frame, following what is happening: until a certain moment, the frame does not move. Then, at a certain angle of turn of the magnet, it begins to rotate behind it at a speed less than the speed of the latter. They work asynchronously, so the motors are called asynchronous.
In a real electric motor, a magnet is a winding placed in the grooves of the stator, to which current is supplied. The rotor is the frame. In its grooves are short-connected plates. That's what they call it - short-circuited.
Differences between synchronous and asynchronous motor
Externally, the engines are difficult to distinguish. Their main difference is the principle of operation. They also differ in their area of use: synchronous, more complex in design, are used to drive equipment such as pumps, compressors, etc., i.e. running at a constant speed.
In asynchronous, with an increase in load, the speed decreases. They are equipped with a huge number of devices.
Advantages of induction motors for washing machines
The electric motor that rotates the drum is the heart of the washing machine. The drive in the very first versions of the machines were belts that rotated the container with linen.
But, today, an asynchronous unit that converts electricity into mechanical energy has been noticeably improved.
More often in diagrams washing machines there are asynchronous electric motors, consisting of a stator that does not move and serves simultaneously as a magnetic circuit and a supporting structure, and a moving rotor that rotates the drum. The asynchronous motor works due to the interaction of the magnetic variable fields of these nodes.
Asynchronous motors are divided into two-phase, rare, and three-phase.
The advantages of asynchronous aggregates include:
- uncomplicated design;
- simple maintenance, including the replacement of worn bearings and
- periodic lubrication of the electric motor;
- silent operation;
- relative cheapness.
- Of course, there are also disadvantages:
- low efficiency;
- big sizes;
- little power.
Such motors, as a rule, are installed on inexpensive models.
Features that need to be considered in order to connect the electric motor fromwashing machine to a 220 V network:
- the connection diagram demonstrates that the motor operates without a starting winding;
- there is also no starting capacitor in the connection diagram - it is not required for starting. But it is necessary to connect the wires to the network strictly in accordance with the diagram.
This video will help you understand:
Video: How to connect the engine from the washing machine to 220
The main thing is to connect strictly in accordance with the wire connection diagram.
Not needed to connect wires (2 white) - engine speed meter. Others are red wire and brown (3 and 4) going to the stator, and gray and green (1 and 2) going to the brushes, as seen from the connection diagram and must be connected correctly.
In the motor connection diagram, the stator windings are connected in series.
220V is connected to the red wire of the winding, as indicated in the connection diagram. One brush is connected to the end of the next winding.
The other, as required by the connection diagram, is connected to 220 V. The engine is ready for operation, but it rotates in one direction. To include it in reverse side, you need to swap the brushes.
Everything is more serious here. You need to find 2 pairs of leads that match each other using a multimeter (toaster). To do this, fix the device on any of the terminals and look for a pair using a probe. The two remaining pins will be the second pair automatically.
Now determine the location of the working and starting windings, measuring the resistance. Starter (PO), which creates a starting torque, is found by a higher resistance. The perturbation winding (OV) creates a magnetic field.
Each of these motors is designed, as a rule, for 2 mains voltages: 220 V, 220 and 127 V, etc.
There are two connection schemes for it: you can connect the electric motor from the washing machine with a “triangle” (220V) and a “star” (380 V). By reconnecting the windings, they achieve a change in the value of one voltage to another.
If the motor has jumpers and a block with six terminals, you need to change the position of the jumpers.
For any connection scheme, the direction of the windings must match the direction of the windings. The zero point for the "star" can be both the beginning of the winding and the end, in contrast to the "triangle", where they are connected only in series. In other words, the end of the previous one with the beginning of the next one.
It is also allowed to operate the engine in a single-phase network, but not with full efficiency. For this, non-polar capacitors are used. With capacitors installed in the network, the maximum power will not exceed 70%.
Video: How to connect the motor from an old washing machine with or without a capacitor
I talked about how to connect and start a 380 Volt motor in a 220 V single-phase electrical network. Now I will talk about how to connect a single-phase electric motor from a broken washing machine, vacuum cleaner, etc. It can be successfully used for other purposes in household e.g. to drive a sharpener, polisher, lawn mower, etc.
Wiring diagram for a 220 Volt collector motor
In electric drills, rotary hammers, grinders and some models of automatic washing machines use a synchronous collector motor. It successfully starts and works in single-phase networks without unnecessary starting devices.
For, to connect the collector electric motor, it is necessary to connect with a jumper two ends No. 2 and No. 3, one coming from the armature, and the second from the stator. And connect the remaining 2 ends to a 220 volt power supply.
Remember that when connecting the collector electric motor without an electronics unit, it will only work at maximum speed, and at startup there will be a strong jerk, high starting current, sparking on the collector.
Can be motor and 2 speed, then the 3 end from half of its winding will come out of the stator. When connected to it, the speed of rotation of the shaft will decrease, but this increases the risk of breaking the insulation when starting the motor.
To change the direction of rotation it is necessary to swap the ends of the connection of the stator or armature.
Connection diagrams for single-phase asynchronous electric motors
If in single-phase electric motors there would be only one winding in the stator, then the electromagnetic field inside it would be pulsating, not rotating. And the launch would occur only after unwinding the shaft by hand. Therefore, to launch induction motors an auxiliary or starting winding is added, in which the phase is shifted by 90 degrees with the help of a capacitor or inductance. The starting winding pushes the rotor of the electric motor at the moment of switching on. The main switching circuits are shown in the figure.
The first two diagrams are designed to connect the starting winding for the duration of the motor start, but not more than 3 seconds in duration. For this, a relay or a start button is used, which must be pressed and held until the motor starts.
Start winding can be connected through a capacitor, or in very rare cases through a resistance. In the latter case, the winding must be wound using bifilar technology, i.e. the resistance is part of the winding. It increases in it due to the length of the wire, but the inductance of the coil does not change.
In the third most common scheme the capacitor is constantly connected to the network during the operation of the electric motor, and not only during its start.
To determine which wires go to each of the windings, first call them in pairs, and then measure the resistance of each by. The starting winding will always have more resistance (usually about 30 ohms) than the working winding (most often around 10-13 ohms).
Pick up a capacitor necessary for the current consumed by the motor, for example, for I \u003d 1.4 A, a 6 μF capacitor is required.
How to connect a washing machine motor
In modern washing machines either collector or three-phase motors can stand. The latter can only be started using an electronic start-control device, which will need to be removed from the washing machine and converted to manual start. But for this you need to be well versed in radio engineering.
The commutator motor is the same motor from the washing machine connecting is very easy. 
As a rule, 6-7 wires go to the connection block, not counting the housing ground.
Two wires come from the tachometer which will not be used. And a pair of wires comes out of the stator and armature (rotor). Also, sometimes another end can come out from half of the winding. 
We call pairs of windings and connect the jumper between the end of the rotor with the beginning of the stator winding. We connect one end of the power supply to the beginning of the rotary and the other to the end of the static one.
If a second speed connection is required, then we connect one end of the power supply to the output from half of the winding. She will have less resistance than the whole.
Sometimes an additional pair of contacts from thermal protection can still go to the connection block.
In the old Soviet-style washing machines, there were simple asynchronous electric motors with a starting winding. To start them, I recommend using the appropriate relay from the washing machine, which is installed only vertically according to the pointer on the case. The connection is made according to this scheme. 
And you can start it according to another scheme only with a working capacitor connected to the starting winding. 
Health check
For, to check the correctness of the assembled circuit it is necessary to turn on the electric motor and let it run first for one minute, and then for about 15. If the engine is hot, then the reasons may be:
- Worn, dirty or tight bearings.
- Large capacitance, turn it off and start the engine by hand, if it stops heating, reduce the capacitance of the capacitors.
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