Any complex mechanism requires preliminary preparation, and the outboard motor is no exception in this case. Pre-running a new outboard motor will take a little time, but these are necessary manipulations to ensure the correct further operation of the equipment.
If the power unit is not rolled back in time and correctly, its resource will be significantly reduced, and the first blow will fall on the piston group and engine cylinders. Problems will affect the gas distribution system, and bearings, and engine shafts. Before you break in the outboard motor, we will analyze in more detail why this is necessary and what rules you need to follow.
What is the benefit of the procedure
Since a 2 or 4 stroke engine is traditionally assembled on an assembly line, there are minor errors in them, for example, in matching the outer piston rings with the inner cylindrical element. It is also impossible to achieve full contact of the crankshaft bearings with the gear. In addition, the component parts may have a slight roughness or uneven surface.
If the outboard motor is not run in, the pistons will expand during operation, the friction force will increase accordingly, and with it the engine temperature. As a result, the piston element will not have enough force to overcome the resulting frictional resistance power. The power unit will shut down.
The equipment can be started after the engine temperature drops, but in bad case would need overhaul. Therefore, after acquiring the equipment, you need to figure out how to properly break in the outboard motor.
Preliminary actions
Naturally, before running in a two-stroke outboard motor, it must be taken out of the package and installed. It also requires an additional series of manipulations. Flush the piston unit. To do this, fix the engine in a vertical position and pour oil through a 120 ml syringe into the gearbox. The most optimal brand of oil can be found in the instructions for a two-stroke boat apparatus.
Run-in:
- Break-in period - 10 hours
|
Time |
0 minutes |
10 minutes |
1 hour |
2 hours |
10 hours |
|
Operating method |
Idling |
Throttle - no more than 0.5 (below 3500 rpm) |
Throttle - no more than ¾ (about 4000 rpm) |
Throttle - ¾ (about 4000 rpm) |
Normal operation |
|
Conditions |
Travel at no more than minimum speed |
Full stroke allowable for 1 minute every 10 minutes |
Full stroke allowable for 2 minutes every 10 minutes |
- Ratio fuel:oil break-in: 25:1 using high quality TC-W3 2-stroke oil
Prepare fuel for refueling in advance. Despite the manufacturer's recommendations, during the break-in process, experts add twice the amount of oil to the fuel - 25 liters will require 1 liter of oil consistency.
Place for a run-in
Most users may assume that you can prepare the motor in a barrel. In fact, this is an erroneous opinion. To break in the outboard motor, it is necessary to create difficult conditions. In addition, this is inconvenient, since the operator will have to regularly replace the spilled water for 10 hours and monitor its temperature so that the power unit does not overheat.
In this regard, the owner of new equipment should not have a question where to break in the outboard motor. The answer will be unanimous - at the boat dock.
VIDEO: First run of the outboard motor
Step-by-step instructions for running a two-stroke
Previously, before properly running in a 2-stroke unit, it is necessary to prepare for the fact that this work will take approximately 10 hours. In this case, it is necessary to prepare the required amount of fuel. Approximately, a 25-strong technique consumes about 10 liters of fuel per hour.
Pay attention to some nuances:
- Mercury 5 2 cycles, Sia Pro or other new model can smoke like old car, this is quite acceptable, since fuel with a high oil concentration is used for running-in;
- find the water hole of the cooling system; if it works properly, a stream of liquid should come out of it;
- be sure to start the speed on a weak gas, otherwise the equipment will stall, and the key on certain screws may be cut off.
No bucket, tub or barrel is suitable - you need a body of water for the first run
Break-in steps:
- start the engine;
- for 8-10 minutes, warm it up at low speed and idle;
- start moving, for 1-1.5 hours the equipment will operate only at low speeds;
- every subsequent 60 minutes for six hours, increase the gas supply to 70% of the force;
- regularly add and reduce speed by 15-20%;
- for the last three hours, move at a variable speed mode, including gas at full speed, but not longer than seven minutes, and so on with an interval of 5 minutes;
- before turning off the device, it must be idling for 10 minutes to produce all the fuel from the carburetor;
- turn off the fuel supply.
How to start a 4-stroke engine for the first time
Running in a four-stroke outboard motor is slightly different from the same manipulations, but with a two-stroke, although in general the steps will be exactly the same. So, let's look at it step by step:
- the first fuel tank is produced at idle or when turned on low speed;
- periodically it is necessary to change the number of rotations up to 2500 rpm, while not opening the throttle valve more than 50%;
- for the 2nd hour of operation, accelerate the power unit to 3000 rpm, and slightly open the damper to 70%, then to the full and so on alternately;
- at the 8th hour of operation, it is necessary to switch to a gentle mode of travel, regularly pressing the gas to the floor.
VIDEO: Running in the Suzuki DT9,9A engine
For any brand of outboard LM, first of all, open the manual and read what is written there, while paying attention to the following:
- Before the first start, draw oil into the syringe and spray into the cylinder, rotate the flywheel several times without a spark plug (be sure to disconnect the emergency stop cable).
- Started, leave for 10-12 minutes at idle, and then proceed to the manual according to the instructions. This will remove any remaining factory preservative that is added to the engine.
- Change the modes with frequency, but do not sharply increase the speed.
- Do not load the boat heavily when you break in.
Incorrect execution of the first start procedure and cooking errors fuel mixture can cause engine damage and/or reduce engine life.
What to do after breaking in the outboard motor?
After starting the 2-stroke power unit, it is necessary to cut off the flow of fuel without turning off the engine itself and work out the remnants. If you ignore this recommendation, the candles will remain wet. In addition, during transportation, fuel will flow out of the device.
It is very important not to forget to change the oil composition in the gearbox. Unscrew the 2 plugs, wait for the old product to drain completely and fill the container with a new one. Fuel with an increased oily content remains in the tank after running in, the consistency needs to be diluted.
In a 4-stroke unit, it is necessary to change the oil in the crankcase. At the same time, remember that the oily composition is replaced only when it is warmed up. power unit. If, after work, he managed to find a lower temperature, it needs to be restarted for a while and let it idle.
Stop the engine and remove the top cover. Check the oil by pulling out the dipstick. If there is enough left, the consistency must be drained. This process takes at least 5 minutes. Using a funnel, fill in new oil, replace the dipstick and turn on the engine for 2 minutes. Next, check the quality of the mixture and close the lid. Consistency can change structure for the same reason as in 2-stroke engines.
VIDEO: First launch of MIKATSU 9.9 hp
1. GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS.
1.1. Persons at least 18 years of age who have a tractor driver's (driver's) license, have passed a medical examination, a knowledge test, have an electrical safety qualification group of at least II, have passed introductory briefings, are allowed to run and test repaired machines and new machines after additional assembly and in the workplace.
1.2.-1.6. Turn on p.p. 1.3.-1.7.instructions.No.200.
1.7. Dangerous and harmful production factors:
Tension on the surfaces of machines;
the presence of gases in the air of the working area;
increased surface temperature; moving agricultural machinery;
increased noise level.
1.8 Employees are provided with the following personal protective equipment:
cotton semi-overalls (GOST 12.4.109);
combined mittens (GOST 12.4.010);
anti-noise headphones TU 1-01-0636.
1.9.-1.31. Turn on p.p. 1.12.-1.34 instructions. No. 200.
2 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS BEFORE STARTING WORK.
2.1.-2.2, Turn on p.p. 2.1.-2.2. instructions. No. 200.
Visually check that the test equipment, protective covers, transport trolleys, lifting equipment, mechanisms and tools are in good condition.
Make sure that the brake device and the coupling guard are securely fastened to the foundation plate, the piping system is connected; availability, serviceability and fastening of protective fences, grounding wires and insulation of electrical wires,
2.5. Make sure that there are no foreign objects and tools on the engine, in the brake device, leaks on the connectors and connections of the fuel, oil and water systems.
2.7. Check the quality of the electrolyte in the tank of the unloading rheostat and top it up if necessary; the electrolyte level should be at 100 mm from the top edge of the tank.
Check the uniformity of wear of the immersed contacts of the load rheostat; when they are simultaneously immersed in the electrolyte, there should be no sparking.
Make sure that the gas outlet pipes are in good condition and that their connections are tight (there are no holes, cracks, or notches).
2.10.Make sure that:
Supply and exhaust ventilation;
Ways of transporting engines on trolleys, wagons and electric hoists;
cables, contractions, other devices;
a foot wooden lattice near the stand;
lighting of the workplace, instruments, equipment and ways of moving machines and transporting engines;
portable lamps, wire insulation and protective mesh.
2.11 Securely fasten the test weight installed on the break-in stand.
2.12. When preparing for running in the header and thresher of the combine:
Fasten the harvester firmly on the stand and securely connect it to the drive mechanisms;
Securely connect the cardan drive of the break-in stand to the threshing drum shaft and protect the rotating parts of the header and thresher under test with special covers.
3 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS DURING WORK.
3.1. Lift the engine with an electric hoist or other lifting mechanisms in two steps:
first raise the engine to a height of 200-300 mm and make sure that the grips, cables and braking device are securely fastened;
carry out further lifting or moving, while it is forbidden to stand in front of the transported load.
Raise and lower the engine smoothly, without jerks, shocks and only vertically.
Do not troubleshoot components and engine mechanisms in a suspended position.
Before transporting the engine on a cart, make sure that it is firmly installed in its cradles and will not tip over during movement. The cart should be moved in front of you (pushing) and not pulled.
After removing the engine from the trolley and installing it on the stand, take the trolley to the designated place.
To align the holes in the support surfaces of the stand and the engine, use barbs with long handles. Be careful not to pinch your fingers.
3.7. Check the tightness of the connection of the high-pressure fuel lines of the tested engine to the fuel pump and injectors, as well as the fastening of the pump to the engine.
3.8. For a short stay in the room with test benches (with the engine running), use personal noise protection equipment.
When inspecting the engine, use portable lamps with a supply voltage not higher than 12 V.
Wear proper personal protective equipment.
Carry out assembly and disassembly work with the engine lowered or fixed on the stand.
Work only on serviceable equipment and with serviceable tools.
Do not walk or stand under a lifted load.
Stay away from the engine when it is initially started.
3.15. Only work with the exhaust manifold connected.
Start the engine with the ventilation running.
Turn if necessary crankshaft engine with the fuel turned off.
During the operation of the engine, always be at the control panel or the viewing window of the test cabin.
Troubleshooting, wiping and tightening of fasteners should be carried out with the engine not running.
Follow the indications of control and measuring devices, maintaining them within the specified limits.
3.21. Do not lean against the hot surfaces of collectors, branch pipes, pipelines, exhaust pipes.
When running in and testing the starting motor, connect and disconnect the lines only with the ignition wire grounded.
When running in the harvester, thresher of the combine, warn the maintenance personnel about turning on the electric stands.
When running the combine in the workshop, carefully monitor the condition of the working units. In case of malfunctions of the mechanisms, turn off the machine.
Carry out field testing of tractors, self-propelled chassis and other equipment to a strictly defined route, established by the head of the work gel.
When testing and running machines, start engine starter, starting motor or special tool. Brake the machine securely, put the gearshift lever in neutral position. Turn the engine crankshaft by hand only when making adjustments.
Do not start the engine by towing the machine.
Trial brake devices cars spend on special stands or platforms. Adjust the machine brakes only when the engine is not running.
3.29. Start the engine and move off only when the adjustment work is completed and the specialist who performs the adjustment gives the appropriate signal.
4. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS.
4.1. In case of violation of the test bench operation mode or an accident, the tester is obliged to take measures to take the equipment out of operation by turning off the test bench and shutting off the fuel supply. 42. Stop testing if:
detection of leaks in fuel and oil systems, dangerous in terms of fire;
a sharp increase in the temperature of the coolant, oil at the outlet of the tested units.
4.3. In the event of a fire, report it to the fire department and proceed with it. extinguishing with available means.
4.4. Report the incident to your supervisor.
4.5.-4.9. Turn on p.p. 4.3.-4.7. instructions. No. 200.
5. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS ON COMPLETION OF WORK.
At the end of the tests, turn off the power supply of the stand equipment, close the fuel and oil valves, dismantle the engine, and shut off all installation pipelines.
Tidy up the workplace. Remove tools and fixtures.
5.3.-5.5. Turn on p.p. 5.4.-5.6. instructions. No. 200.
AUTOMATED ELEVATOR CONTROL SYSTEM ESSAN UNION
Instructions for installation, start-up
Product regulation and running-in
ABRM.421400.005 IM
Novosibirsk 2008
| Introduction | 2 |
||
| General instructions | 3 |
||
| 1.1 | Organizational and technical measures | 3 |
|
| 1.2 | Technical documentation of the ESSAN SOYUZ control system | 3 |
|
| Security measures | 4 |
||
| 2.5 | Work on elevators | 4 |
|
| 2.6 | Work in underground structures. | 5 |
|
| 2.7 | Laying cables (wires) | 5 |
|
| 2.8 | Installation of overhead cable jumpers | 6 |
|
| Preparing the product for installation | 7 |
||
| System installation | 8 |
||
| System testing | 9 |
||
| 5.1 | Preparation for testing. | 9 |
|
| 5.2 | Tests | 10 |
|
| System run-in | 10 |
||
| Delivery of the system | 10 |
Introduction
This manual is intended for installation, start-up and regulation of the Automation
bathroom elevator control system ESSAN SOYUZ, which includes a set of equipment, materials and communication lines to ensure control and transmission of information from passenger, hospital, freight and passenger-and-freight elevators.
When using this manual, you should additionally be guided by the following
following documents:
Station Operation Manual ABRM.421400.005 RE;
Instructions for the installation of elevators JSC "Soyuzliftmontazh" 1992;
Rules for the Construction and Safe Operation of Elevators" (PUiBEL);
Rules for the installation of electrical installations "(PUE);
Construction norms and rules SNiP III-4-80 * "Safety in construction". (Sections 8 -18);
SNiP 12-03-99 "Labor safety in construction", part 1.
1. General instructions.
1.1. Organizational and technical measures.
1.1.1. Having received from the customer (the owner of the elevators) a notice of readiness to start installation work, the installation organization sends its representative to the facility to inspect and check the readiness of the facility for installation of the ESSAN SOYUZ control system.
1.1.2. The representative of the installation organization, arriving at the facility, checks, together with the representative of the organization servicing the elevators, the technical condition of the shaft, machine and (or) block room and cab; issues, if necessary, recommendations for troubleshooting (replacement of unusable sensors, etc.). Coordinates, if necessary, a joint schedule for the installation of the ESSAN SOYUZ control system with the organization that installs or maintains elevators.
Solves issues related to the laying of a communication line (if it is provided for in the Contract for the installation of the system).
1.1.3. If there are comments on the readiness of objects for installation, the parties draw up an Act
(Appendix 1), which lists the work to be performed) prior to installation.
1.1.4. After completing all the work specified in the Readiness Certificate (Appendix No. 1), representatives of the parties draw up Certificates (Appendix 2) of acceptance of elevators for connection to the control system (see the requirements of clauses 2.5.1 and 2.5.2).
1.2. Technical documentation of the ESSAN SOYUZ control system.
1.2.1 A set of technical documentation is supplied to the Customer along with the equipment. The following documents are required in the package:
- Program and test methodology ABRM.421400.005 PMManual ABRM.421400.005 RE
Instructions for installation, start-up, regulation and running-in of the product ABRM.421400.005 IM
Instructions for setting up the frequency converter ABRM.421400.005-600 IN
Mounting diagram of connections of control cabinet elements ABRM.421400.005-060 E4
- Wiring diagram for connecting DC-AC converters ABRM.421400.005-070 E4
- Cabin Controller Wiring Diagram ABRM.421400.005-100 E4
- Floor Controller Wiring Diagram ABRM.421400.005-200 E4
1.2.2 The customer of ESSAN SOYUZ equipment is supplied with one set of operational documentation (if there were no additional agreements with the Customer).
1.2.3. The representative of the organization that installs the system must receive from the Customer an executive diagram for laying the communication line. The representative of the installation organization must check the conformity of the scheme for laying the communication line directly with reference to this object.
2.1 Installation (connection) of the lift station and system sensors must be carried out directly on the elevators by specialized organizations licensed for repair (reconstruction, modernization and overhaul) or installation (installation and commissioning) of lifting structures.
2.2. During the performance of work, the labor protection rules given in SniPIII-4-80 * "Safety in construction", SNiP 12-03-99 "Labor safety in construction", part 1, Rules for the operation of consumer electrical installations (PEEP), Rules of technology safety during the operation of electrical installations of consumers (PTB at PEEP), instructions for labor protection for an electromechanic for elevators, carrying out Maintenance and repair of elevators, as well as this manual.
2.3. All work on the installation of the control system must be carried out by teams of workers consisting of 2 or more people, headed by a senior manager.
2.4. The organization of workplaces must ensure the safety of work. Workplaces, if necessary, must have fences, protective, safety equipment and devices.
2.5. Elevator work.
2.5.1. The admission of the link of installers to work on connecting the elevator to the control system is carried out by the person (foreman, foreman) who, according to the act, accepted the elevator for its connection to the control system. Simultaneously with the acceptance of the elevator, the senior installer in the link is obliged, together with the admitting one, to inspect and accept all the preparatory work.
2.5.2. The person accepting the elevator for connection to the control system is obliged: to accept with closed covers (casings) current-carrying parts, devices and shields in the machine (block) room, mine, cabin and in the pit of the elevator; make sure and accept:
Mine fencing;
Mine door locks;
Guardrail on the cabin roof (if any);
Fencing in the pit between twin lifts;
Fencing of the mechanical part of the existing paired elevator;
understand the location, purpose of all elements in the engine (block) room and security measures during your stay in it; make sure that the elevator is in good condition and works normally in all modes; get the KEY TO THE MACHINE ROOM.
2.5.3. If it is impossible to install fencing of the mechanical part of the operating elevator in the machine room of the paired elevators, both elevators must be stopped and simultaneously transferred (accepted) according to the act.
2.5.4. Work on connecting elevators to the control system should be carried out continuously until complete, with the exception of adjustment. It is prohibited to put an elevator (a group of elevators) into operation until it is handed over to the person responsible for the good condition of the elevator (operating organization).
2.6. Work in underground structures.
2.6.1. Installers who have undergone special training in labor protection are allowed to work in underground structures. The senior installer in the shift must have the skills to work with the gas analyzer.
2.6.2. During the work of one of the installers in wells and tunnels, the second installer must be inseparably close to the open hatch, having the end of the safety rope in his hands, carefully monitor its condition and signals and immediately follow them.
2.6.3. If gas is detected in the well (tunnel), work in it must be immediately stopped until it is completely cleaned (blowed) with clean air. Work in a well (tunnel) cleared of gas is allowed to be resumed only after checking the absence of gas in it with a gas analyzer.
2.6.4. When working in the tunnel, two hatches (two doors) must be opened, between which there are workers.
2.6.5. To illuminate workplaces in underground structures, it is allowed to use 12 V lamps or explosion-proof rechargeable lamps.
2.7. Laying of cables (wires).
2.7.1. Cables (wires) of the control system are laid in trenches, in collectors, in basements and attics, along building facades, in various kinds of technical rooms, as well as along air lines.
2.7.2. When laying a cable (wire) at a height, the following measures must be observed
security:
a) work at height only from serviceable special devices (scaffolding, scaffolding, etc.);
b) it is necessary to punch strobes and drill holes in walls with hidden wiring using dielectric gloves and goggles.
2.8. Installation of overhead cable jumpers.
2.8.1. The admission of workers to the roof is allowed by the work manager after inspecting the rafters, lathing (formwork), parapet and determining, if necessary, places and methods for securely fastening the safety ropes.
2.8.2. When performing work on the roof, workers must be provided with safety belts, safety ropes, and non-slip shoes.
2.8.3. The suspension of a cable with a cable (wire) between racks installed on different buildings should be done with a rope, for which it is necessary to lower the end of the rope from one roof, and the end of the cable on the other side. With the help of a rope, the cable rises to the roof and is fixed on the racks.
2.8.4. When hanging cables (wires) over electric lighting and radio broadcasting networks, over contact networks of trams and trolleybuses, when an underground cable passage is not possible, the cable and cable (wire) should be suspended on transition racks using a rope loop that is passed through blocks mounted on racks .
2.8.5. To form a loop, the ends of the ropes must be lowered from the roof and tied on the ground. The end of the cable must be tied to the knot of the rope loop, and then slowly pulled across the span from rack to rack. In order for the cable not to sag during pulling, it should be maintained in a somewhat taut state and, in addition, every two or three meters attached to the rope loop using wire rings. Pulling the cable and cable (wire) through the contact networks of the tram and trolleybus is allowed only after the voltage is removed from these networks.
2.8.6. It is forbidden to throw a cable (wire), cable or rope from one roof to another.
2.8.7. While working on the roof, it is prohibited:
Perform work during icy conditions, thick fog, wind force 6 or more, rain, thunderstorms and heavy snowfall;
Throw tools and materials off the roof.
2.8.8. When installing the system, it is prohibited:
Leave the machine rooms of elevators open if there are no installation personnel in them.
Leave open doors mines.
Connect an electric tool, lighting lamps or other electrical devices to the elevator control circuit, with the exception of measuring instruments.
Bypass the safety and interlock devices of the elevator.
Combine work in the mine with the work of construction or other organizations.
Leave the elevator on after the work on the site is stopped.
3. Preparation of the product for installation.
3.1. The equipment of the control station is transported in the container of the manufacturer.
3.2. Acceptance of equipment and documentation is carried out according to the packing list of the manufacturer. Upon acceptance of the equipment, the following is checked:
Integrity of packing boxes (places);
Completeness of mechanical and electrical equipment;
No equipment damage or defects.
3.3. The damages and other defects of the equipment found during acceptance must be reflected in the Statement of Inspection of the Condition and Acceptance of the Equipment for Installation.
3.4. Familiarization with technical documentation.
Before starting installation work and for their correct conduct, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with this Instruction, as well as with technical description floor controllers, cabin controller, power cabinet and control cabinet. When reading the technical documentation, special attention should be paid to various installation instructions, notes, explanations related to the installation and connection of equipment.
3.5. The list of wires and cables used when installing the control station is given in Table 005.IM.1. It is allowed to replace the wires and cables indicated in the table with similar ones in purpose and characteristics.
Table 005.IM.1 List of wires and cables used when installing the control station.
| № wires | Brand of wire, cable GOST, TU | Required number of conductors | Assignment in the control station |
| 1 | PV3-4 sq. mm (shielded) | 4 | Connecting the power contacts of the main drive |
| 2 | PV3-1.5 sq.mm | 2 | Connecting an electromagnetic brake |
| 3 | PV3-1.5 sq.mm | 2 | Connecting the braking resistor |
| 4 | PV3-0.75 sq.mm (shielded) | 4 | Connecting the power contacts of the cab door drive |
| 5 | PV3-0.35 sq.mm (shielded) | 4 | Communication with cabin controller via CAN bus |
| 6 | PV3-0.35 sq.mm (shielded) | 4 | Communication with floor controllers via CAN bus |
| 7 | PV3-0.35 sq.mm | 10 | Suspension cable from the control cabinet to the terminal block on the cab roof |
| 8 | PV3-0.75 sq.mm | 1 | Shaft door safety chain (CB5, CB6) |
| 9 | PV3-0.35 sq.mm | 4 | Connecting call stations to the floor controller |
| 10 | PV3-0.35 sq.mm | 4 | Connection of free contacts ЗШЛ, ЗШП, ЗДШ to the floor controller |
| 11 | PV3-2 sq. mm (yellow-green) | 1 | Control cabinet grounding |
4. System installation
System installation:
Table 005.IM.2 System installation sequence.
| Name of works | Previous number work | Place of work | Executor |
|
| 1. | Unpacking, checking completeness, delivery to workplaces. | An object | Integrated brigade. |
|
| 2. | Determining the coordinates of equipment installation, punching and drilling holes | Mine, MP cabin, pit | Same |
|
| 3. | Mounting: control cabinet; power cabinet; floor controllers; cabin controller; | 1-2 | Mine, MP Cabin, pit | Same |
| 4. | Preparation of wiring harnesses: power wires; communication lines; security sensors; positioning sensors; overhead cable; | 1-3 | Mine, MP Cabin, pit | Same |
| 5. | Installation and connection of electrical wiring between the power cabinet and the control cabinet | |||
| 6. | Installation and connection of electrical wiring | Shaft, cabin, pit | Same |
|
| 7. | Installation of an overhead communication cable | 1-3 | Mine | Same |
| 8. | Grounding device | 1-6 | MP, mine. | Same |
| 9. | Insulation resistance measurement | Mine, MP Cabin, pit | Same |
|
| 10. | Setting up the control system operating instructions (Appendix No. X) | 9 | MP | commissioning engineer |
| 11. | System testing | service engineer, set brigade |
||
| 12. | Putting the system into operation | 10 | Same | service engineer, commission. |
4.1.1 General instructions:
All wires are marked at both ends with segments of a PVC tube with a diameter of 4-5 mm, a length of 10-15 mm. The texts of the inscriptions are taken from the connection diagrams of the lift units
ICC 465.215.040 (Appendix No. X).
HB wire fastening under the control station terminal - loop or winding.
Screw connections are made with one washer - under the screw.
The fastening of cables and bundles to the walls is carried out on dowels with metal brackets. AT
the place of attachment of the cable or bundle is wrapped in a PVC tube. Staples
are spaced 300 mm apart.
All electrical wiring located at a distance below 1500 mm from the floor of the engine room must be laid in a metal hose or PVC tube.
5. Testing the system
5.1 Preparation for testing.
5.1.1 Make sure that the circuit breakers in the station are off.
5.1.2 Without connecting external connectors to the station boards, check the correctness of all external connections.
5.1.3 Verify that:
All mine doors are closed and locked;
Cabin doors are closed;
The safety circuit breakers are on;
Buffers and catchers are in good condition.
5.1.4 Set all safety devices of the elevator into working order. Set the operation mode switch to the "Control from the engine room" position.
5.1.5 Apply voltage to the station, for which turn on the input device and circuit breakers in the station.
5.2 Tests
Tests are carried out in accordance with the "Test Program and Method" ABRM.421400.005 PM, which is an integral part of this document.
The station is considered to have passed the test if during the tests on all points of this test procedure there were no deviations from the algorithm of operation of the elevator and PUBEL specified by the technical requirements.
6. Running in the system.
After testing, the system must be continuously run for 24 hours. At the end of the system run-in, a decision is made to put the system into operation.
Delivery of the system.
The control station is adopted as part of the elevator.
Safety
1. General requirements for labor protection
1.1. Work on running in and testing repaired machines and new machines after additional assembly is allowed for persons not younger than 18 years old who have a tractor driver-driver (driver) certificate, who have passed a medical examination, a knowledge test, who have an electrical safety qualification group of at least II, who have undergone briefings - introductory and at work.
1.2. All newly hired employees, regardless of the previous work experience and type of work, are allowed to work only after passing a medical examination, introductory and primary (at the workplace) briefings with a signature in the register of labor protection briefings. In the future, employees undergo repeated briefings and testing of knowledge on labor protection at least once every three months and periodic medical examinations in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.
1.3. Employees involved in the performance of work or maintenance of objects (installations, equipment) of increased danger, as well as objects controlled by state (federal) supervision, must undergo annual course training and testing knowledge on labor safety.
An employee who has successfully passed the knowledge test is issued a certificate for the right to work independently.
1.4. Employees who have a break in the work for which they are hired for more than 3 years, and with increased danger for more than 12 months, must undergo training and testing knowledge on labor safety before starting independent work.
1.5. When it changes technological process or modernization of equipment, fixtures, transfer to a new temporary or permanent job, violation of safety requirements by employees, which can lead to injury, accident or fire, as well as breaks in work for more than 30 calendar days, the employee must undergo an unscheduled briefing (with a corresponding entry in the instruction log).
1.6. Individuals who have become familiar with the features and methods of safe performance of work and have completed an internship for 2 to 14 shifts under the supervision of a foreman or foreman (depending on seniority, experience and nature of work) are allowed to work independently.
1.7. Permission to independently perform work (after checking the acquired knowledge and skills) is given by the head of work.
1.8. Dangerous and harmful production factors:
- stress on the surfaces of machines;
- the presence of gases in the air of the working area;
- elevated surface temperature;
- moving agricultural machinery;
- increased noise level.
1.9. Employees are provided with the following personal protective equipment:
- cotton semi-overalls (GOST 12.4.109);
- combined mittens (GOST 12.4.010);
- anti-noise headphones TU 1-01-0636.
1.10. Hazardous and harmful production factors are realized in injuries or diseases in the dangerous state of machines, equipment, tools, environment and the commission of dangerous actions by employees.
1.10.1. Dangerous state of machines, equipment:
- exposed rotating and moving parts of machinery and equipment;
- slippery surfaces;
- clutter of the workplace with foreign objects;
- pollution by chemicals, radiation and pesticides of machines, equipment, tools.
1.10.2. Typical dangerous actions of workers leading to injury:
- use of machines, equipment, tools for other purposes or in a faulty condition;
- rest in unspecified places;
- performing work while intoxicated;
- performance of work in violation of safety regulations, requirements of labor protection instructions and operating instructions
- equipment.
1.11. Maintenance and repair of machinery and equipment operating in the zone of radioactive, chemical contamination, contamination with pesticides or other agrochemicals is not allowed until decontamination, degassing and neutralization of contamination.
1.12. Personal protective equipment should be used for its intended purpose and the administration should be notified in a timely manner of the need to clean, wash, dry and repair them. They are not allowed to be taken outside the enterprise.
1.13. Know and follow the rules of personal hygiene. Do not smoke in the workplace, do not drink alcohol before and during work. Do not store food or eat in the workplace.
1.14. Perform only the work for which you have been trained, instructed in labor protection and for which the supervisor has approved.
1.15. On the workplace persons who are not related to the work performed are not allowed. Do not outsource your work to others.
1.16. Obey the safety signs.
1.17. Do not go behind electrical equipment fences.
1.18. Be attentive to warning signals lifting machines, cars, tractors and other types of moving vehicles.
1.19. Report to the manager about the noticed malfunctions of machines, mechanisms, equipment, violations of safety requirements and do not start work until appropriate measures are taken.
1.20. If the victim himself or with outside help cannot come to the medical institution (loss of consciousness, electric shock, severe injuries and fractures), inform the head of the household (employer), who is obliged to organize the delivery of the victim to the medical institution. Before arriving at a medical facility, provide the victim with first aid (first aid) and, if possible, calm him down, as excitement increases bleeding from wounds, worsens the protective functions of the body and complicates the treatment process.
1.21. Employees are required to know the fire warning signals, the location of fire extinguishing equipment and be able to use them. It is not allowed to use fire equipment for other purposes.
1.22. Keep aisles and access to fire fighting equipment clear.
1.23. Sand up spilled fuels and lubricants on the ground. Immediately remove the sand impregnated with oil products and take it to a place agreed with the sanitary and epidemiological station.
1.24. Dispose of used cleaning material in special metal boxes with lids.
1.25. Do not make fire in agricultural storage sectors. equipment on the territory of the machine yard and in the premises.
1.26. Do not store in the workplace flammable and combustible liquids, acids and alkalis in quantities exceeding the replacement need in a ready-to-use form.
1.27. In the event of a fire, immediately call the fire brigade and take measures to eliminate the source of ignition by means of fire extinguishing, and in the event of a fire at electrical installations, the first person who notices a fire must report this to the fire brigade responsible for electrical facilities, the head of the workshops.
1.28. In the event of a fire in the electrical installation itself or near it, first of all, before the arrival of firefighters, disconnect the electrical installation from the network. If this is not possible, then try to cut the wires (sequentially, one at a time) with a tool with insulated handles.
1.29. When extinguishing a fire, extinguish the source of ignition first. When using a foam fire extinguisher, direct the jet at an angle of 40 - 45 degrees to avoid splashing liquid. Start extinguishing from one edge, and then sequentially move to the other edge of the ignition source.
1.30. To extinguish small fires, flammable and combustible liquids, as well as solid combustible substances and materials, use foam fire extinguishers: manual types OHP-10, OP-M, OP-9MN; air-foam type OVP-5, OVP-10; mobile, transported on special carts, air-foam type OVP-100, OVP-250, OPG-100. In their absence, throw sand on the fire, cover it with felt or extinguish it in some other way.
1.31. To extinguish combustible substances and materials that cannot be extinguished with water or foam, as well as electrical installations under voltage, use carbon dioxide hand-held fire extinguishers of the type OU-2, OU-5, UP-2M, OU-8, OUB-3A, OUB-7A ; mobile carbon dioxide fire extinguishers such as OU-25, OU-80, OU-100, OSU-5; powder fire extinguishers of the type: manual - OP-1, OP-2, OP-5, OP-10, OPS-6, OPS-10; mobile - OP-100, OP-250, SI-2, SI-120, SZHB-50, SZHB-150, OP-50, OP-100. It is allowed to use dry, without impurities, sand. When using powder fire extinguishers, do not direct the powder jet at hot surfaces - an explosion is possible.
1.32. Do not use chemical foam or chemical foam fire extinguishers to extinguish a fire in an electrical installation that is energized.
1.33. A worker who has committed a violation of the requirements of labor protection instructions may be subject to disciplinary liability in accordance with the internal regulations of the enterprise, and if these violations are associated with causing material damage to the enterprise, the worker also bears financial responsibility in the prescribed manner.
2. Labor protection requirements before starting work
2.1. Put on overalls and other personal protective equipment established for this type of work. Clothing should be buttoned up and tucked in, trousers should be over shoes, cuffs fastened, hair tucked under a tight-fitting headdress. Protect the skin from the action of solvents and oils with protective ointments (PM-1 or HIOT-6), pastes (IER-1, IER-2, Airo).
2.2. Check that the tools and devices used during work are in good condition, not worn out and meet safe working conditions.
Non-mechanized tool
2.2.1. Wooden handles of tools must be made of seasoned hard and tough wood, smoothly processed, their surface must not have potholes, chips and other defects. The tool must be properly fitted and securely fastened. Percussion tools (hammers, sledgehammers, etc.) must have oval handles with a thickened free end. The console on which the instrument is mounted must be wedged with a completed mild steel wedge. On the wooden handles of pressure tools (files, chisels, etc.) in the places of interface with the tool, metal (bandage) rings must be mounted.
2.2.2. Percussion instruments (chisels, cross-cuts, barbs) should not have cracks, burrs, work hardening; the occipital part of them should be smooth, free of cracks, burrs and bevels. The length of the manual chisel is at least 150 mm, their drawn part is 60 - 70 mm; blade sharpening angle - in accordance with the hardness of the processed materials.
2.2.3. Forging tongs and other devices for holding forgings being machined should be made of mild steel and match the dimensions of the forgings. To hold the forging without constant hand pressure, the tongs must have rings (thongs), and to protect the worker's fingers from injury, there should be a gap (in the working position) between the tong handles of 45 mm, for which stops should be made.
2.2.4. Wrenches must match the dimensions of the nuts and bolt heads. The jaws of the keys must be parallel and free of cracks and nicks, and the handles must be free of burrs. Sliding keys must not have play in moving parts.
2.2.5. The ends of hand tools used for threading into holes during installation (crowbars for assembly, etc.) must not be knocked down.
2.2.6. Crowbars must be of circular cross section and have one end in the form of a spatula, and the other in the form of a tetrahedral pyramid. Scrap weight within 4 - 5 kg, length 1.3 - 1.5 m.
2.2.7. Pullers must have serviceable paws, screws, rods and stops.
2.2.8. The vise must be securely fastened to the workbench. Sponges must have a good notch.
2.2.9. The screwdriver should be with a straight shaft, firmly fixed on the handle. The screwdriver must have straight sides.
2.2.10. Needle-nose pliers and pliers should not have chipped handles. The jaws of the needle-nose pliers are sharp, not chipped or broken, the pliers are with a good notch.
2.2.11. Hand scoops for collecting garbage should be made of roofing iron and should not have sharp ends and torn places.
2.2.12. Before using jacks, check:
- their serviceability, test periods according to technical passport;
- for hydraulic and pneumatic jacks, the tightness of the connections. In addition, they must be equipped with devices that fix the rise, ensuring a slow and calm lowering of the stem or its stop;
- screw and rack jacks must have a locking device that excludes the complete exit of the screw or rack;
- manual lever-rack jacks must have devices that prevent spontaneous lowering of the load when the force is removed from the lever or handle.
electrified tool
2.2.13. All power tools and electrical appliances must have closed and insulated inputs (contacts) of the supply wires. In order to protect against mechanical damage and moisture, the wires of power tools and electrical appliances must be protected by rubber hoses and terminated with a special plug.
2.3. Check by external inspection the serviceability of the test equipment, protective covers, transport trolleys, lifting equipment, mechanisms and tools.
2.4. Make sure that the brake device and the coupling guard are securely fastened to the foundation plate, the piping system is connected; availability, serviceability and fastening of protective fences, grounding wires and insulation of electrical wires.
2.5. Make sure that there are no foreign objects and tools on the engine, in the brake device, leaks in the connectors and connections of the fuel, oil and water systems.
2.7. Check the quality of the electrolyte in the tank of the unloading rheostat and top up if necessary; the electrolyte level should be at 100 mm from the top edge of the tank.
2.8. Check the uniformity of wear of the immersed contacts of the load rheostat; when they are simultaneously immersed in the electrolyte, there should be no sparking.
2.9. Make sure that the gas outlet pipes are in good condition and that their connections are tight (there are no holes, cracks, or notches).
2.10. Make sure it's correct:
- supply and exhaust ventilation;
- ways of transporting engines on carts, trolleys and electric hoists;
- cables, contractions, other devices;
- a foot wooden lattice near the stand;
- lighting of the workplace, instruments, equipment and ways of moving machines and transporting engines;
- portable lamps, wire insulation and protective mesh.
2.11. Securely attach the test weight installed on the break-in stand.
2.12. When preparing for running in the header and thresher of the combine:
- firmly fix the header on the stand and securely connect it to the drive mechanisms;
- securely connect the cardan drive of the break-in stand to the threshing drum shaft and protect the rotating parts of the header and thresher under test with special covers.
3.1. Lifting the engine with an electric hoist or other lifting mechanisms should be done in two steps:
- first raise the engine to a height of 200 - 300 mm and make sure that the grips, cables and braking device are securely fastened;
- carry out further lifting or moving, while it is forbidden to stand in front of the transported load.
3.2. Raise and lower the engine smoothly, without jerks, shocks and only vertically.
3.3. Do not eliminate malfunctions in the units and mechanisms of the engine, which is in a suspended position.
3.4. Before transporting the engine on a cart, make sure that it is firmly installed in its cradles and will not tip over during movement. The cart should be moved in front of you (pushing) and not pulled.
3.5. After removing the engine from the trolley and installing it on the stand, take the trolley to the designated place.
3.6. To align the holes in the support surfaces of the stand and the engine, use barbs with elongated handles. Beware of pinching fingers.
3.7. Check the tightness of the connection of the high pressure fuel lines of the tested engine to the fuel pump and injectors, as well as the fastening of the pump to the engine.
3.8. For a short stay in the room with test benches (with the engine running), use personal noise protection equipment.
3.9. When inspecting the engine, use portable lamps with a supply voltage not higher than 12 V.
3.10. Wear proper personal protective equipment.
3.11. Carry out assembly and disassembly work with the engine lowered or fixed on the stand.
3.12. Work only for serviceable equipment and with the right tool.
3.13. Do not walk or stand under a lifted load.
3.14. Stay away from the engine when it is initially started.
3.15. Only work with the exhaust manifold connected.
3.16. Start the engine with the ventilation running.
3.17. If necessary, turn the engine crankshaft with the fuel off.
3.18. While the engine is running, always be at the control panel or viewing window of the test cabin.
3.19. Troubleshooting, wiping and tightening of fasteners should be carried out with the engine not running.
3.20. Follow the indications of instrumentation, maintaining them within the specified limits.
3.21. Do not lean against hot surfaces of collectors, branch pipes, pipelines, exhaust pipes.
3.22. When running in and testing the starting motor, connect and disconnect the lines only with the ignition wire grounded.
3.23. When running in the harvester, thresher of the combine, warn the maintenance personnel about turning on the electric stands.
3.24. When running the combine in the workshop, carefully monitor the condition of the working units. In case of malfunctions of the mechanisms, turn off the machine.
3.25. Carry out field testing of tractors, self-propelled chassis and other equipment along a strictly defined route established by the work manager.
3.26. When testing and running machines, start the engine with a starter, starting motor or a special device. Brake the machine securely and put the gearshift lever in neutral position. Turn the engine crankshaft by hand only when making adjustments.
3.27. Do not start the engine by towing the machine.
3.28. Carry out testing of the braking devices of machines on special stands or sites. Adjust the brakes of the machines only when the engine is not running.
3.29. Start the engine and move off only when the adjustment work is completed and the adjustment specialist gives the appropriate signal.
4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations
4.1. In case of violation of the test bench operation mode or an accident, the tester is obliged to take measures to take the equipment out of operation by turning off the test bench and shutting off the fuel supply.
4.2. Stop testing if:
- detection of leaks in fuel and oil systems that are dangerous in terms of fire;
- a sharp increase in the temperature of the coolant, oil at the outlet of the tested units.
4.3. In the event of a fire, report it to the fire department and proceed to extinguish it with the available means.
4.4. Report the incident to your supervisor.
2.4. Check the presence and serviceability of the warning signal equipment, fences, safety and blocking devices.
2.5. Check that the ground and neutral wires are securely connected to the equipment.
2.6. Turn on, if necessary, local lighting and check the ventilation.
2.7. Check the availability of fire fighting equipment and access to it.
3. Labor protection requirements during work
3.1. Constantly monitor the health of the equipment and do not leave it unattended. When leaving the workplace, stop the equipment and turn off the power.
3.2. Work in the presence and serviceability of fences, interlocks and other devices that ensure labor safety, and with sufficient illumination of the workplace.
3.3. Do not touch moving mechanisms and rotating parts of machines, as well as energized live parts of equipment.
3.4. Keep your work area tidy and clean.
3.5. Passages, driveways and workplaces must be free.
3.6. Be careful not to get distracted or distract others.
3.7. Keep foreign objects and tools away from moving mechanisms.
3.8. When starting a machine, unit, machine tool, personally make sure that there are no workers in the area of work of the machines.
3.9. If you feel unwell, stop work, bring the workplace to a safe condition, seek medical attention, notify the work manager.
4. Labor protection requirements during work
4.1. In case of noticed malfunctions of production equipment and tools, as well as if, when touching a machine, machine tool, unit, an electric current is felt, or there is a strong heating of electrical wires, electric motors, electrical equipment, sparking or wire breakage, etc., warn workers about hazard, immediately notify the head of the unit and take measures to eliminate the emergency.
4.2. If smoke is detected and a fire occurs, immediately declare a fire alarm, take measures to extinguish the fire using the available primary fire extinguishing equipment according to the source of the fire, notify the work manager.
If necessary, organize the evacuation of people from the danger zone.
In conditions of smoke and the presence of fire in the room, move along the walls, bending over or crawling; to facilitate breathing, cover your mouth and nose with a handkerchief (cloth) moistened with water; move through the flames, covering your head with outer clothing or a blanket, if possible, douse yourself with water, tear off or extinguish the burning clothes, and when most of the clothes are covered with fire, roll the worker tightly into a cloth (blanket, felt mat), but do not cover with your head.
4.3. In case of accidents with people, give them first aid, immediately notify the work manager, maintain the situation in which the accident occurred, if it does not threaten the life and health of others and does not violate the technological process, until the arrival of persons investigating the causes of the accident.
4.4. In case of electric shock, release the victim from the current as soon as possible, because. the duration of its action determines the severity of the injury. To do this, quickly turn off the part of the electrical installation that the victim touches with a knife switch or other disconnecting device.
4.5. If it is impossible to quickly turn off the electrical installation, it is necessary to separate the victim from live parts:
4.5.1. When releasing the victim from live parts or wires with voltage up to 1000 V, use a rope, stick, board or other dry object that does not conduct electric current, or pull the victim by the clothes (if it is dry and lags behind the body), for example, by the skirts of a jacket or coat, behind the collar, while avoiding touching the surrounding metal objects and parts of the body of the victim, not covered by clothing.
4.5.2. If the victim touches the wire that lies on the ground, then before approaching him, put a dry board, a bundle of dry clothes or some kind of dry, non-conductive stand under your feet and separate the wire from the victim with a dry stick, board. It is recommended to operate with one hand if possible.
4.5.3. If the victim convulsively squeezes one current-carrying element (for example, a wire) in his hand, separate the victim from the ground by slipping a dry board under him, pulling his legs off the ground with a rope or pulling him by his clothes, while observing the safety measures described above.
4.5.4. When pulling the victim by the legs, do not touch his shoes or clothing unless your hands are insulated or poorly insulated, because. shoes and clothes may be damp and conduct electricity. To isolate hands, especially if it is necessary to touch the body of the victim, not covered by clothing, put on dielectric gloves, if they are not available, wrap your hands with a scarf or use any other dry clothing.
4.5.5. If it is not possible to separate the victim from live parts or disconnect the electrical installation from the power source, then chop or cut the wires with an ax with a dry wooden handle or bite them with a tool with insulated handles (pliers, wire cutters). Cut and cut the wires phase by phase, i.e. each wire separately. You can also use an uninsulated tool, but you need to wrap its handle with a dry woolen or rubberized cloth.
4.5.6. When separating the victim from live parts with voltages above 1000 V, do not approach the victim closer than 4 - 5 m indoors and 8 - 10 m outdoors.
To release the victim, put on insulating gloves and insulating boots and operate only with an insulated rod or tongs rated for the appropriate voltage.
4.6. If the victim is conscious, but frightened, confused and does not know that in order to get rid of the current, he needs to get off the ground, with a sharp shout "jump" make him act correctly.
Providing first aid
4.7. Electric shock. After releasing the victim from the action of electric current, lay him on a bed and cover it warmly, quickly determine the nature of the required first aid within 15-20 seconds. medical care, arrange a doctor's call and take the following measures:
4.7.1. If the victim is breathing and conscious, put him in a comfortable position, unfasten his clothes. Before the doctor arrives, provide the victim with complete rest and access to fresh air, while monitoring his pulse and breathing. Do not allow the victim to get up and move before the arrival of the doctor, and even more so continue to work;
4.7.2. If the victim is unconscious, but his breathing and pulse are stable, keep an eye on them, let him smell ammonia and spray his face with water, ensuring complete rest until the doctor arrives;
4.7.3. In the absence of breathing, as well as infrequent and spasmodic breathing, or cardiac arrest (no pulse), immediately perform artificial respiration or chest compressions.
Begin artificial respiration and heart massage no later than 4-6 minutes from the moment of cessation of cardiac activity and breathing, because. after this period, clinical death occurs.
Never bury the victim in the ground.
4.8. Perform artificial respiration "from mouth to mouth" or "from mouth to nose" as follows. Lay the victim on his back, unfasten clothing that restricts breathing, place a roller of clothing under the shoulder blades. Ensure that the airway is clear, which may be obstructed by a sunken tongue or foreign material. To do this, tilt the head of the victim as much as possible, placing one hand under the neck and pressing the other on the forehead. In this position, the mouth usually opens, and the root of the tongue moves to the back of the larynx, providing airway patency. If there is foreign matter in the mouth, turn the victim's shoulders and head to the side and clean the mouth and throat with a bandage, handkerchief, or shirt edge wrapped around the index finger. If the mouth does not open, then carefully insert a metal plate, tablet, etc. between the back teeth, open your mouth and, if necessary, clean your mouth and throat.
After that, kneel on either side of the victim’s head and, holding the head back, take a deep breath and, pressing your mouth tightly (through a handkerchief or gauze) to the victim’s open mouth, blow air into him strongly. At the same time, cover the nose of the victim with the cheek or fingers of the hand on the forehead. Make sure that the air enters the lungs and not the stomach, this is revealed by the distention of the abdomen and the lack of expansion of the chest. If air has entered the stomach, remove it from there quickly by briefly pressing the area of \u200b\u200bthe stomach between the sternum and navel.
Take measures to free the airways and repeat the blowing of air into the lungs of the victim. After blowing in, release the mouth and nose of the victim for free exit of air from the lungs. For a deeper exhalation, lightly press on chest. Perform each air injection after 5 seconds, which corresponds to the rhythm of your own breathing.
If the jaws of the victim are compressed so tightly that it is not possible to open the mouth, then perform artificial respiration according to the mouth-to-nose method, i.e. blow air into the victim's nose.
When the first spontaneous breaths appear, time the artificial breath to coincide with the beginning of the spontaneous breath.
Perform artificial respiration until the victim's deep and rhythmic (own) breathing is restored.
4.9. Perform an external heart massage in case of cardiac arrest, which is determined by the absence of a pulse, dilated pupils and cyanosis of the skin and mucous membranes.
When performing an external massage of the victim's heart, lay the victim on his back on a hard surface or place a board under him, free the chest from clothes and raise his legs by about 0.5 m. Position yourself on the side of the victim and determine the place of pressure, for this, feel the lower soft end of the sternum, and 3 - 4 cm above this place along it is determined by the point of pressure. Place the part of the palm adjacent to the wrist joint on the place of pressure, while the fingers should not touch the chest, place the palm of the second hand at a right angle on the back of the palm of the first hand. Make a quick (push) and strong pressure on the sternum and fix it in this position for about 0.5 s, then quickly release it, relaxing your hands, but do not take them away from the sternum. Apply pressure approximately 60 - 80 times per minute. Massage the heart until your own (not supported by massage) regular pulse appears.
4.10. If it is necessary to simultaneously perform artificial respiration and heart massage, the procedure for conducting them and the ratio of the number of injections to the number of pressures on the sternum is determined by the number of persons providing assistance:
4.10.1. If one person is helping, then perform artificial respiration and heart massage in the following order: after two deep breaths, do 15 chest compressions, then again two deep breaths and 15 chest compressions, etc.;
4.10.2. If you provide assistance together, then one makes one blow, and the second after 2 s produces 5-6 pressures on the sternum, etc.
4.11. Perform artificial respiration and heart massage until the body's vital functions are fully restored or until a doctor arrives.
4.12. Injuries. Lubricate abrasions, injections, minor wounds with iodine or brilliant green and apply a sterile bandage or seal with a strip of adhesive plaster. For a large wound, apply a tourniquet, lubricate the skin around the wound with iodine and bandage it with a clean gauze bandage or a sterile bandage from an individual package.
If there is no bandage or bag, take a clean handkerchief or cloth and drop iodine on the place that will lie on the wound to make a stain larger than the wound, and apply the stain on the wound.
Apply the bandage so that the blood vessels are not squeezed, and the bandage is kept on the wound. In case of injury, give a tetanus toxoid injection in a medical institution.
4.13. Stop bleeding. When bleeding stops, lift the injured limb up or position the injured part of the body (head, torso, etc.) so that they are elevated and apply a tight pressure bandage. If during arterial bleeding (scarlet blood flows in a pulsating stream) the blood does not stop, apply a tourniquet or twist. Tighten the tourniquet (twist) only until the bleeding stops. Mark the time of applying the tourniquet on a tag, piece of paper, etc. and fasten it to the harness. The tourniquet is allowed to be kept tightened for no more than 1.5 - 2 hours. In case of arterial bleeding, take the victim to a doctor as soon as possible. Transport it conveniently and as quickly as possible. vehicle necessarily with an escort.
4.14. bruises. For bruises, apply a tight bandage and apply cold soaks. In case of significant bruises of the torso and lower extremities, take the victim to a medical facility.
Bruises in the abdomen lead to ruptures of internal organs. Immediately take the victim to a medical facility at the slightest suspicion of this. Do not let such patients drink and eat.
4.15. Bone fractures. For a closed fracture, place the limb in a comfortable position, while handling it carefully, avoid sudden movements, and apply splints. Put splints on both sides, while putting cotton under the splints so that the splints do not touch the skin of the limbs, and be sure to capture the joints above and below the fracture sites. Tires can be worn over clothing. In case of an open fracture, stop the bleeding, lubricate the edges of the wound with iodine, bandage the wound and apply splints, bandage the broken leg to the healthy leg, and the arm to the chest.
In case of a fracture of the collarbone and scapula, put a tight cotton roll into the axillary region of the injured side, and hang your hand on a scarf. If your ribs are broken, wrap your chest tightly or pull it off with a towel as you exhale.
If the spine is fractured, carefully place the victim on an ambulance stretcher, boards or plywood, make sure that the torso does not bend (to avoid damage to the spinal cord). In case of broken bones, take urgent measures to deliver the victim to the nearest medical facility.
4.16. Dislocations.
In case of dislocation, ensure the immobility of the injured limb, apply splints without changing the angle that formed in the joint during dislocation. Dislocations should be set only by doctors. When transporting the victim to a medical facility, place the victim on a stretcher or in the back of a car, and cover the limb with rollers from clothes or pillows.
4.17. Burns. In case of a thermal burn, remove clothing from the burned area, cover it with sterile material, put a layer of cotton wool on top and bandage it. Do not touch burns, puncture blisters, or tear off pieces of clothing stuck to burns while treating. Do not lubricate the burnt surface with ointments and do not cover with powders. In case of severe burns, take the victim to the hospital immediately.
4.17.1. In case of an acid burn, remove clothing and thoroughly for 15 minutes. rinse the burned area with a stream of water, then rinse with a 5% solution of potassium permanganate or a 10% solution of baking soda (a teaspoon in a glass of water). After that, cover the affected areas of the body with gauze soaked in a mixture of vegetable oil and lime water, and bandage it.
4.17.2. In case of alkali burns, the affected areas within 10-15 minutes. rinse with a stream of water, and then with a 3 - 6% solution of acetic acid or a solution of boric acid (a teaspoon of acid in a glass of water). After that, cover the affected areas with gauze soaked in 5% acetic acid solution and bandage.
4.18. Frostbite. In case of frostbite of the 1st degree (skin is edematous, pale, cyanotic, loses sensitivity), bring the victim into a cool room and rub the skin with a dry, clean cloth until redness or a feeling of warmth, lubricate with fat (oil, lard, boric ointment) and apply an insulated bandage. Then drink hot tea to the victim and transfer to a warm room.
With frostbite II - IV degree (bubbles with bloody fluid appear on the skin, and it acquires a purple-bluish color - II degree; layers of the skin and underlying tissues become dead, the skin becomes black - III degree; complete necrosis of the skin and tissues - IV degree) apply a dry bandage on the affected skin, let the victim drink hot tea or coffee and immediately send to the nearest medical facility.
4.19. Heat and sunstroke. At the first signs of indisposition (headache, tinnitus, nausea, rapid breathing, intense thirst, sometimes vomiting), lay the victim in the shade or bring it into a cool room, free the neck and chest from tight clothing; if the victim is conscious, give cold water to drink; moisten the head, chest and neck periodically with cold water, let's sniff ammonia. If the victim is not breathing, perform artificial respiration according to paragraph 4.10 of this instruction.
4.20. pesticide poisoning, mineral fertilizers, preservatives and their degradation products.
First of all, remove the victim from the contaminated area and free from clothing that restricts breathing and respiratory protection.
Take first aid measures aimed at stopping the entry of poison into the body:
- through the respiratory tract - remove the victim from the danger zone to fresh air;
- through the skin - thoroughly rinse the drug with a stream of water, preferably with soap or, without smearing it on the skin and without rubbing it, remove it with a piece of cloth, then wash it with cold water or a slightly alkaline solution; if poison gets into the eyes, rinse them with plenty of water, a 2% solution of baking soda or boric acid;
- through the gastrointestinal tract - let you drink a few glasses of water (preferably warm) or a slightly pink solution of potassium permanganate and induce vomiting by irritation of the back of the throat. Repeat this procedure 1 - 3 times. Vomiting can also be induced with mustard (1/2 - 1 teaspoon of dry powder in a glass of warm water), salt (2 tablespoons in a glass of warm water), or a glass of soapy water. Do not induce vomiting in an unconscious or convulsive patient. After vomiting, give half a glass of water with two to three tablespoons of activated charcoal to drink, followed by a saline laxative (20 g of bitter salt in half a glass of water); in case of acid poisoning, give a solution of baking soda (1 teaspoon per glass of water), milk or water to drink; in case of alkali poisoning, give milk, lemon juice or vinegar water to drink.
Do not give castor oil as a laxative. The victim, if possible, bring in warm room. When unconscious, use heating pads, but with great care, in case of poisoning with DNOC, nitrafen, sodium pentachlorophenol and sodium pentachlorophenolate, heat is contraindicated, perform cold procedures: cool baths, wet rubdowns, cold compresses, ice packs.
If breathing is weakened, let's smell ammonia, in case of cessation of breathing or cardiac activity, perform artificial respiration or closed heart massage.
In the presence of convulsions, exclude any irritation, give the patient complete rest.
If irritating substances, such as formalin, enter the body, give the victim an enveloping agent (starch solution) to drink. Do not give milk, fats, alcoholic drinks.
For skin bleeding - apply tampons moistened with hydrogen peroxide, for nosebleeds - lay the victim down, lift and tilt his head slightly, apply cold compresses to the bridge of the nose and the back of the head, insert tampons moistened with hydrogen peroxide into the nose.
In case of poisoning with organophosphorus compounds, accompanied by salivation, lacrimation, constriction of the pupils, slowing of breathing, slowing of the pulse, muscle twitches, drink belladonna preparations: 3-4 tablets of besalol (becarbon) or 1-3 tablets of bellalgin.
In all cases of poisoning (even mild), immediately refer the patient to a doctor or paramedic.
4.21. Poisoning with poisonous gases. If signs of poisoning appear (headache, tinnitus, dizziness, dilated pupils, nausea and vomiting, loss of consciousness), remove the victim immediately to fresh air and organize the supply of oxygen for breathing using a rubber cushion or an oxygen cylinder. In the absence of oxygen, lay down the victim, raise his legs, let him drink cold water and let's sniff cotton wool moistened with ammonia. If breathing is weak or stops, perform artificial respiration until a doctor arrives or breathing is restored. If possible and the victim is conscious, give him plenty of milk to drink.
4.22. Eye damage. In case of clogging of the eyes, rinse them with a 1% solution of boric acid, a stream of clean water or a damp cotton (gauze) swab. To do this, lay the head of the victim so that you can direct the jet from the outer corner of the eye (from the temple) to the inner. Don't rub your clogged eye.
If splashes of acid and alkali get into the eye, rinse it for 5 minutes. clean water. After washing the eye, apply a bandage and send the victim to a doctor.
5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work
5.1. At the end of the tests, turn off the power supply of the stand equipment, close the fuel and oil valves, dismantle the engine, and shut off all installation pipelines.
5.2. Tidy up your workspace. Remove tools and fixtures.
5.3. De-energize equipment, turn off ventilation and local lighting.
5.4. Remove overalls and other personal protective equipment, put them in a closed cabinet; if your overalls need to be washed or repaired, put them in the pantry.
5.5. Notify the work manager about the condition of the equipment.
5.6. Follow the rules of personal hygiene.