Above the middle part of the house was a mezzanine with a dome-lantern and a spire for a flagpole, on which a flag with the family coat of arms was raised. From the side of the park, a ramp adjoined the balcony-terrace. F. Tyutchev, in a letter to his mother dated August 31, 1846, wrote: "... As for the new house, it is really very good, and the view from the garden is very beautiful ...".
In 1949, in the Parisian magazine Vozrozhdenie (1949-1974), the Russian writer and translator Boris Konstantinovich Zaitsev (1881-1972), one of the last representatives of the literature of the Silver Age, published an essay "Tyutchev: life and fate: (on the 75th anniversary of his death )". He wonderfully and somehow penetratingly wrote about the fate of F.I. Tyutchev, including his childhood years spent in Ovstug:
"...Like clear stars in the night." These are Tyutchev's poems. Yes, stars. "Admire them - and be silent." But poetry is born of life. Tyutchev's poems and especially came out of his life and fate. Perhaps this life itself is a kind of work of art?
Its beginning is illuminated almost magically; a luxurious house of the Ovstug estate (Bryansk district, Oryol province). Graceful, affectionate boy, very gifted, mother's favorite. The house has a mixture of the Orthodox spirit with French influences. - So it has always been in the Russian nobility. The family spoke French, and in her room, Ekaterina Lvovna, the poet's mother (nee Countess Tolstaya), read Church Slavonic hours, prayer books, and psalters.
The "young prince" grew freely. He studied, but it cannot be said that he was tormented by labor - a broad, free attitude to work has always remained.
In 1821 he graduated from the University, on February 22 he was already in St. Petersburg, serving in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs, and in June Count Osterman-Tolstoy, a relative of his mother, took him abroad in his carriage. Satisfied with a supernumerary officer of our mission in Munich.
Now, as before, in the manor house, the rooms are arranged around a narrow central room with a staircase leading to the mezzanine and the basement floor. The rooms are interconnected enfilade, in the mezzanine they have exits to the balconies. The furnishings of the memorial rooms were purchased from collectors in accordance with the inventory of the property. The exposition contains a number of authentic items of F.I. Tyutchev and his relatives.
The internal layout of the halls on the first floor only partially corresponds to that which was during the lifetime of the poet. Through the main entrance on the south side we get into the lobby of the house-museum.
On the opposite walls of this room are paintings illustrating Tyutchev's St. Petersburg and provincial life. On the left on the wall next to the picture, in which Fyodor Ivanovich is surrounded by the inhabitants of the estate against the background of all the estate buildings, there is a portrait of the first teacher and educator F.I. Tyutchev Semyon Yegorych Raich - teacher, poet, connoisseur and translator of ancient and Italian poetry. He was also the teacher of Mikhail Lermontov.
On the other wall is a painting by the artist S. Litvinov "Tyutchev in St. Petersburg".
The next hall of the museum is dedicated to the childhood and youth in the life of Tyutchev. In this hall there are portraits of parents, views of Ovstug and Moscow, books from the Tyutchev library, and antique furniture.
In the center of the hall there is a museum exhibit of special value - a Velenius piano presented by F. Tyutchev to his first teacher S.E. Raic.
Fyodor Tyutchev's father, Lieutenant Ivan Nikolaevich of the Guards, in 1798 married a Moscow noblewoman Ekaterina Lvovna Tolstaya. The young family was happy in the family estate, which was famous for its hospitality.
Ekaterina Lvovna was the daughter of Leo Vasilyevich Tolstoy and Ekaterina Mikhailovna Rimskaya-Korsakova. Her father's sister, Anna Vasilievna Osterman, and her husband F.A. Osterman played a big role in the fate of her niece and her family.
Panorama of 19th century Bryansk by artist G. Khludov.
In the office there is a desk-desk presented to F. Tyutchev by his elder brother. On the table is an inkwell, a quill, and above the table a German-made barometer, made in 1843. It shows the change in atmospheric pressure today.
One of the museum halls is dedicated to Tyutchev's foreign years. Tyutchev spent more than 20 years in Europe. Service in the State Collegium of Foreign Affairs did not bring Tyutchev ranks and awards, but allowed him to travel all over Europe, join the basics of German poetry, meet his first love and know the first pain of irreparable loss. The portraits on the walls of this hall introduce us to F. Tyutchev's relatives and friends.
Baroness Amalia von Krüdener is a well-known beauty of the high society of the 19th century, the poet's first love, the addressee of his famous poem "I met you and all the past ..." and others called the "Munich cycle".
Again we turn to the text of Boris Zaitsev:
The affair with Amalia Lerkhenfeld, from which a jewel remained in literature, did not make a big impact in Tyutchev's life, neither Amalia Maximilianovna (who was sixteen years old) nor broke him. It was all very young and innocent. Nothing decisive happened, everything melted and evaporated by itself, but good relations remained forever. Amalia Maksimilianovna married, first Baron Krüdner, then Count Adlerberg. She lived in Russia, always Tyutchev was an allied power. It was she who brought his poems to St. Petersburg in 1936, and she later petitioned for him before the government through Benckendorff. And quite late, three years before his death, having met her in Carlsbad as a middle-aged woman, Tyutchev wrote her tender, not as famous as her earlier, but still good poems. (“... And the same charm in you, and the same love in my soul”).
In 1826 he married in Munich Mrs. Peterson, nee Countess Bothmer, "representative of the oldest Bavarian aristocracy". This is already fate - twelve years of life together, three daughters, joy and sorrow, drama and jealousy (Tyutchev was always jealous, it was him, not him - the fate in this is different than Pushkin). Like Amalia Maximilianovna, Emilia Eleonora was a beauty, apparently, and in general a charming woman, of an ardent character and strong feelings. He, besides her, was attracted by others. In general, by his nature, he could not be faithful - in various guises, the “eternally feminine” appeared to him and seduced him. This led in Munich life to the fact that one day Emilia Eleonora tried to stab herself with a dagger in the street. (He himself admitted that she loves him as “no man was loved by another.”)
Portraits of Eleanor, the poet's first wife, and three daughters from this marriage hang in the same room. In the person of Eleonora Tyutchev found a loving wife, a devoted friend and unfailing support in difficult moments of life.
Portrait of Ekaterina Fedorovna Tyutcheva by artist I.K. Makarova - Tyutchev's daughter from his first marriage. She was brought up at the Smolny Institute, was a maid of honor to Empress Maria Alexandrovna, a writer and translator.
There is also a graphic portrait of Tyutchev's second wife, Ernestina, a woman of remarkable beauty and intelligence, as the writer I.S. wrote about her. Aksakov.
And again - the text of Boris Zaitsev:
The power of feeling and experience is also amazing in Tyutchev himself, despite the scattered, as if fan-shaped eros: when Emilia Eleonora died in 1838, he turned gray in one night from shock. But at the same time he loved another, his future second wife, also a difficult and dramatic love.
This other was also of German origin, also an aristocrat, also a widow and also four years older than him - Baroness Ernestine Feodorovna Dörnberg-Pfeffel. In 1837, Tyutchev received a promotion - he was appointed to Turin, senior secretary of our embassy at the Sardinian court. His wife, Emilia Eleonora, was leaving for Russia, he was left alone. In the spring of 1838, she was returning from St. Petersburg on the same "Nicholas I" on which the young Turgenev sailed. Near Lübeck, a fire started on the ship at night, and it sank not far from the coast. Emilia Tyutcheva with three children behaved courageously on deck, reassured the children, standing at the gangway, where a flame was raging below, on the side - they were waiting for their turn to go down into the boat. In this she showed herself much higher than Turgenev. But she was already broken by her health, she was returning home to new hardships with her husband, the nervous shock at the sea was still great - this mowed her down. That same autumn, Zhukovsky, who was then accompanying the heir, met Tyutchev in Como (later on the Genoese Riviera, in Chiavari). He spoke of him like this: “an unusually brilliant and very good-natured person, to my heart” - their paths always converged, - but he was surprised that he was killed like that for the deceased, “but they say he loves another.” Not only "they say", but Ernestina Fedorovna Dernberg Tyutchev quite soon married. It cost him dearly in his career.
He then lived in Turin. We had to get married in Switzerland. The envoy was absent, there was no business in summer time, for a certain reason, marriage had to be rushed - Tyutchev acted decisively: without waiting for a vacation, he locked the embassy and left for Switzerland without permission.
Got married safely and on time. But he lost his service. He just got fired.
In summer, from the living room one could go out to the terrace and the ramp, go down to the park, walk along the alleys. Only the old piano in the corner and the secretary closet against the wall remind of the former splendor of this room. In the center, another portrait of Tyutchev's second wife, Baroness Ernestine von Pfeffel, hangs on the wall. From his first marriage, the poet already had three daughters, whom Ernestine actually adopted. She was a rich woman, and Tyutchev made no secret of the fact that for a long time he lived on her money.
One should not think that his Munich life consisted only of deeds of love. This brilliant, highly educated young man, in the portrait something like the young Goethe, in the then cut frock coat, high collars and tie, with a huge forehead, beautiful eyes and correctly curly curls, gave a lot of energy to something else: literature, philosophy. His communication is with people of a high brand. Schelling considered him a "worthy interlocutor" ("...etn sehr ausgezeichneter Mensch, ein sehr unterrichteter Mensch, mit dem man sich immer gerne unterhalt") - Schelling was then a professor at the University of Munich and Tyutchev, well-versed in German philosophy, not only with he talked to him, but also argued - possessing, obviously, equivalent weapons - he attacked especially along the Orthodox line.
In poetry, Goethe and Schiller were close to him, he personally got along with Heine - along the line of romanticism that brings them together. And not only met, but also translated from it - the first translations of Heine into Russian belong to Tyutchev. (Tyutchev is more mature and Heine is a bit later, of course, they are not compatible, but in Munich times this is not surprising.)
Most importantly, he began to write himself, and as it should.
His artistic destiny is mysterious.
Be silent, hide and hide
Feelings and dreams...
Here is a commandment from which he did not deviate a single step. So to hide, so to conceal all your most precious things, I don’t know who could. Looking at his life, you are amazed: how did he himself relate to his work? Yes, he wrote, in great spontaneity, almost somnambulistic, always in the breath of poetry, magically transforming feelings, thoughts ... There is no doubt that high creativity is here. But why such an extreme isolation from everyone? Yourself and God? The artist knows this feeling:
You, the Almighty, are my judge. In Your eternity, my weak voice, Your creation, will enter, perhaps, as a kind of spark into the incorruptible world and remain, although I wrote it for myself.
It's clear. But not all of it. The artist is a person. He lives among his brothers, his own, and with his other side, turned to people, seeks to introduce his creation into them. What writer does not want his word to be spread? How many dramas, because of the difficulty of reaching the reader! There is more than one vanity here: everyone who has given his life to literature considers his work important, and, therefore, waiting for a response.
Did a poet of Tyutchev's size really not realize that his work, although quiet and solitary, was of the greatest importance? Watching his days, one gets the impression: a diplomat, a philosopher, even a politician, a subtly quivering person who responds to the world, to nature, to female charm, a brilliant witty interlocutor ... - and, among other things, writes poetry ... So, as if for fun, and does not attach importance to them. Where is Pushkin, where is the profession, the work invisible, but stubborn?
Here he is returning home, on a rainy evening, all wet. The daughter takes off his coat. He says casually: “J” ai fait quelques rimes” - and reads them. She writes them down. These are the famous “Tears of people, oh tears of people ...” God knows if Anna Fedorovna would not have written down, maybe they would not have been preserved?
Until 1836, almost no one had any idea that there was such a poet Tyutchev. Little things appeared in little-known almanacs (Urania, Galatea) and magazines (like Rumors). Chamberlain Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev wrote poems. But for the service it is not important, for life too. It was necessary that a colleague, Prince Ivan Gagarin, became interested in writing it. Amalia Maksimilianovna took his poems to St. Petersburg - through Zhukovsky and Vyazemsky they got to Pushkin, who then published Sovremennik. He published them in his magazine. Signed: F. T. - "Poems sent from Germany."
Why give your full name? Let there be some F.T. "from Germany." And so it went on. The author paid no attention to his offspring. It lived underground, on its own, and was little known until the time. Some people appreciated it. But over the years - not a single printed review.
Then comes something quite strange: from 1840 to 1854, for fourteen years, not a single verse was in print at all. And now he wrote just the most and almost the best.
The museum hall tells about the 50-70s of the life of F. Tyutchev. The first volume of the poet's poems, published in 1854, a mass of portraits of friends and contemporaries, views of St. Petersburg and Moscow fill this hall today. On the wall, among the many portraits, there is a portrait of Elena Alexandrovna Denisyeva.
But in his own destiny, at the beginning of the fifties, as in the sound of his writings connected with love, not everything was finished. Even, perhaps, the strongest came. Two daughters of Tyutchev (from his first marriage) Daria and Ekaterina studied at the Smolny Institute. Tyutchev was there. At the institute's inspector, Anna Dmitrievna Denisyeva, he met her niece and ward, Elena Alexandrovna, a twenty-four-year-old girl.
So far, in the list of Tyutchev's wanderings, the names of foreign women are warm: Amalia, Emilia-Eleanor, Ernestina - now the Russian Elena appears. It also brings in another world. There used to be magnificent countesses in diamond necklines, with smooth curls over their ears. Elena Alexandrovna Denisyeva, although a noblewoman, was from a small one, her father even served in the provinces as a police chief. It is enough to look at the photograph of Elena Alexandrovna: modestly dressed, in a cape, combed, as our mothers combed their hair in the sixties, an intellectual with a heavy, nervous look, sickly, flashing, charming in her excitability and already carrying drama in herself.
Tyutchev met with the world of Dostoevsky. This is how Nastasya Filippovna, or Dostoyevsky's first wife, could feel and act. Her gaze matched fate. This love brought her grief, which quickly turned into a relationship. Woe to Ernestina Feodorovna, the lawful wife with whom he continued to live - a coldish, self-possessed and strong woman who carried her cross with dignity. Woe to his adult daughters from his first marriage, woe to the girl Lele, daughter of Elena Alexandrovna. Himself too. But it's rock, nothing can be done. His fate included the slaughter of a young life, his sin, which gave rise to the high sounds of poetry. This poetry has been paid for with blood.
Society did not forgive Tyutchev, and especially Elena Alexandrovna, the "illegality" of their connection. And she also had children! Many simply got to know her, contempt and alienation hung over her. And at the Institute, she was familiar with the daughters of Tyutchev - so I had to meet, for example, when distributing ciphers. How did she feel about it!
She understood little of his poetry. Most of all I wanted everything in the new edition to be openly dedicated to her. He did not agree to this, a terrible scene came out, completely from Dostoevsky.
She was tuberculosis. A turbulent life, suffering of the heart accelerated everything, and in July 1864, after fourteen years of association with him, she died.
All day she lay in oblivion,
And shadows covered her all -
Lil warm summer rain - its jets
The leaves sounded merry.
And slowly she came to her senses -
And I started listening to the noise
And I listened for a long time, - passionate,
Immersed in conscious thought.
And so, as if talking to myself,
Consciously she said:
(I was with her, killed, but alive)
“Oh, how I loved all this!”
You loved, and the way you love -
No, nobody has succeeded yet.
Oh Lord! .. and survive this ...
And my heart was not torn to shreds.
If she had seen from the grave how he accepted her death, perhaps she would have believed more in his love - although she generally needed infinity: all or nothing. Here is what Anna Fedorovna Tyutcheva, his daughter, who then lived in Germany, says about her father and his position at that time. “I took communion in Schwalbach. On the day of communion, I woke up at six o'clock and got up to pray. I felt the need to pray with particular zeal for my father and for Helen D. During mass, also, the thought of them again came to me with great vivacity. A few weeks later, I learned that on that very day and at that hour, Elena D. had died. I saw my father again in Germany. He was in a state close to insanity ... "And further:" He was chained with all the forces of his soul to that earthly passion, the subject of which was gone.
She herself reached the sad, terrible thought that God would not come to the aid of his soul, "whose life was wasted in earthly and illicit passion." And the tragedy continued: another lamb was sacrificed. Lelya, the daughter of Tyutchev and Denisyeva, a girl of about fifteen, studied at the well-known St. Petersburg boarding school Truba (she bore the name Tyutchev, he legalized her). Once a lady, the mother of Lelya's fellow boarding school, asked her how her mother was doing - meaning Ernestina Fedorovna. Lelya did not understand and answered about her mother. The misunderstanding was immediately cleared up. This made such an impression on the girl that she ran away from the boarding house and told Anna Dmitrievna that she would never return there again. She became ill with a nervous breakdown. And after him transient consumption, and she died - on the same day with her one and a half year old brother Kolya.
It has passed literature. The death of the mother is glorified in poetry. There is nothing about the death of her daughter.
This is how the amazing man Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev ended his life, the once young prince of Ovstuga, his mother's darling, a dreamer who did not fit into any framework, a musician of verse, violating his contemporary canons, anticipating the future, young diplomat and great winner of women's hearts. Silentium and seething passions, a contemplative of the greatness of the world and an unreconciled soul, the soul of Purgatory, a believer, but possessed by passions, a great artist, as if reluctantly scattering his wealth.
But glory came - late and posthumous, noble, real golden glory. In art, to which he seemed to be so indifferently careless, he turned out to be the winner - late, but lasting. Life, which seemed to smile magically at him from early childhood, carried success after success, after one woman’s heart another, and a third ... - and we still don’t know which one! - and she brought defeat. It seems to be like a law: the lyrics are conquered by life. They are too lunatic and somnambulistic. Too exposed to the elements, being their faithful harps. Tyutchev's life can be regarded as a work of art: his name is drama.
Nikitenko wrote in his diary in June 1873: “A week passed in the struggle with death. Tyutchev himself remembered the priest, but he could not confess - his tongue did not obey him. He was dying in the arms of Ernestina Fedorovna, realizing all the burden and difficulty of what he had lived, all the responsibility of his soul, “painfully sinful”, and in the most terrible moments, already paralyzed, seeing death, he held on to his old girlfriend - the last consolation.
The executing God has taken everything from me:
Health, willpower, air, sleep,
He left you alone with me,
So that I can still pray to Him
Autograph F.I. Tyutchev:
Russia cannot be understood with the mind,
Do not measure with a common yardstick:
She has a special become -
One can only believe in Russia.
References: Zaitsev B.K. Tyutchev. Life and fate (To the 75th anniversary of death) // Zaitsev B.K. Collected Works: Vol. 9 (additional). - M.: Russian book, 2000. - S. 256-269.
Our homeland is full of numerous historical monuments that remind us of past times. Such attractions, of course, include numerous palaces and religious buildings that have come down to our times.
However, lesser-known buildings, such as family estates or estates, also have considerable charm and historical value. This article will be devoted to the message about the estate of F.I. Tyutchev in Ovstug. In it you will find interesting facts about its creation and restructuring. Photos of Tyutchev's estate in Ovstug will also be presented.
However, before you get to know the building itself and its architectural ensemble, you should get brief information about its famous owner.
The childhood of the poet-thinker
So, we will begin the message about Tyutchev's estate in Ovstug with an acquaintance with Fedor Ivanovich himself. The future writer was born in the parental estate, at the end of 1803. The boy spent all his childhood at home, where he received the best education, studying languages and other sciences.
Therefore, all his life Tyutchev fondly recalled the family estate in Ovstug. She was for him a sign of a happy and serene time, a symbol of unlimited freedom and merging with nature. It was here that the young poet first wrote his rhyming lines. It was here that he first realized the beauty of the surrounding world, which he began to sing.
Parents did little to this boy, who had a subtle soul and thoughtful character. For a long time he was left to himself, to his thoughts and judgments. And this self-education had a huge impact on the entire future life of the poet, as well as on his creative path.
At the age of fourteen, young Tyutchev began attending lectures at Moscow University, after which he received an honorary position in the public service.
mature years
Having barely received an education, the young man went abroad with a Russian diplomatic mission, where he stayed for more than twenty years. Then he moved to Russia, received many honorary ranks and titles, prizes and awards.
However, even being in the rank of Privy Councilor, Fyodor Ivanovich did not forget about his only vocation - literature. He wrote a lot. His publicistic articles and lyrical works enjoyed great success.
Died at the age of 69 from a stroke.
What is the history of Tyutchev's estate in Ovstug?
The history of the foundation of the estate
It all started in the seventies of the eighteenth century, when the great-grandfather of the poet received huge land holdings as a dowry for his wife. On them he decided to build his estate.
At first it was an ordinary wooden structure two stories high. In it, little Fedya was born.
The poet's father, more than sixty years after the foundation of the manor house, decided to rebuild it and hired a fashionable architect for this. We will talk in more detail about the architectural ensemble of the new building.
Alteration of the estate
Tyutchev's estate in Ovstuga, built in the classical Empire style, is a vivid embodiment of the architectural features of that time. The basement floor was intended for auxiliary (utility) premises. The ground floor featured grandiose high ceilings and enfilade-style rooms. The entrance to the manor house was decorated with a graceful colonnade.
The graceful completion of the house was the mezzanine, located in the middle of the architectural object and topped with a dome with a lantern and a spire, on which a flag with the family coat of arms was raised.
Interior description of the house
Tyutchev's museum-estate, opened not so long ago, amazes with the beauty and good quality of its interior decoration. The interior of the manor house was recreated according to written documents that have come down to our days through the depths of centuries.
Here you can see the strong desk of the owner, and the elegant boudoir of a secular lady, and massive sofas, woven carpets, and so on. It is noteworthy that some of the furniture was recreated according to old sketches, and some was brought from the capital's museums.
Each room of the manor house has its own purpose. There is also a reception room for close guests, and the bedroom of the mistress of the house, and a spacious hall for secular evenings.
adjoining outbuilding
However, the master's house is not the only building in Tyutchev's estate in Ovstug. In close proximity to it rests a one-story outbuilding, as it was called in the time of the poet - a house for guests.
This building immediately catches the eye of visitors to Tyutchev's estate museum in Ovstug. A high-set foundation, a terraced porch and a small colonnade at the entrance give the building an elegant, even festive look.
The guest rooms are very cozy and warm. It can be seen that the owners of the estate took into account all the necessary points before building the extension.
lonely gazebo
The manor's house, framed by a densely planted park, is buried in the shade of brightly burning greenery. It was among the natural plantations that an island surrounded by an artificially created reservoir was dug out by decree of the poet's grandfather (Nikolai Andreevich Tyutchev).
In the center of the islet, a small pavilion was set up, the strict but elegant style of which still excites the imagination of all visitors.
The islet and the main part of the park are connected by an elegant white bridge, which is especially loved by visitors as a good place for taking pictures.
daughter's school
On the territory of Tyutchev's estate in Ovstuga there is another building, the value of which is justified by time. This is a one-story school, which was rebuilt at her own expense by the daughter of Fyodor Ivanovich - Maria Birileva. The woman was very much in favor of spreading literacy among ordinary people. Over time, the building was converted into an exemplary school, which provided five-year training for young students.
The school had a teacher who was given his own room. Now the building houses a museum exposition, revealing the life of pedagogical figures of that time.
iconic building
One of the oldest buildings of the manor is the Orthodox Church. Its distinctive features are wooden arched decorations, a high metal spire and massive brick vaults.
mills
Since the bed of a small river, a tributary of the Desna, lies around the village of Ovstug, water mills were built here at the very beginning of the foundation of the estate. And although they did not bring much income to the master, they still regularly grind the grain into flour.
Now several mills have been erected on the territory of the museum - exact copies of former structures that amaze modern travelers with their enormity. So, the windmill, built according to old sketches and erected on the most elevated place near the village, has a height of more than sixty meters.
The fate of the estate
During the October Revolution, the estate lost its former face, and eventually fell into disrepair and was dismantled for building materials.
However, already in 1957, it was decided to open the Tyutchev Museum within the walls of the former school. Much later, at the beginning of the 20th century, numerous reconstructions of the estate took place, thanks to which the museum complex was enriched with a manor house, a gazebo, a church and many other architectural exhibits mentioned above.
Museum today
Nowadays, Tyutchev's estate museum has rich expositions and luxurious exhibits. They amaze visitors not only with the characteristic architectural style of that time, but also with remarkable interior items of the manor house. Things, as well as the interior design of the building, largely correspond to the true realities of the past. According to the assurances of museum leaders, among the exhibits you can find items that belonged directly to the Tyutchev family.
The construction of the excursion program itself is also impressive. Each of the halls is dedicated to one or another cycle from the life of the famous poet. It tells a lot about his stay abroad, about love impressions and adventures, family members and so on.
The walls of the front rooms are decorated with ancient portraits depicting the poet himself and the people he met throughout his life. Much attention is paid to his two wives, as well as daughters from his first marriage and the most famous mistresses.
Among the exhibits you can see Tyutchev's poems, written by his hand, on faded paper, as well as his letters and personal belongings.
How to get to Tyutchev's estate in Ovstug?
This question interests many connoisseurs of antiquity, as well as all those who are not indifferent to Russian poetry. Tyutchev's estate in Ovstuga (the address of which will be indicated below) attracts the attention of not only lovers of ancient architectural buildings, but also those who admire the work of the remarkable poet. By visiting the museum, you can not only increase your knowledge of the architectural or historical features of that time, but also get to know Fyodor Ivanovich's personal life, his creative and social activities.
So, where is Tyutchev's estate located? Ovstug village is located in the Zhukovsky district. To get to the settlement, you need to use the Bryansk-Novoselki regular bus (leaving the bus station of the regional center according to the established schedule) and get to the Ovstug Village stop.
The specific address of the museum is Tyutcheva street, 30.
How the museum works
According to the opening hours of the Tyutchev estate in Ovstug, you can visit the museum on all days except Monday. On Sunday, as well as from Tuesday to Friday, the doors are open to numerous guides, starting from nine in the morning and ending at five in the evening. On Saturday, the estate receives guests for an hour longer: from nine in the morning to six in the evening.
A little about the price
The cost of visiting the museum depends on the purpose of your visit. If you just want to see the park, then such a walk will cost a hundred rubles. If you also want to see the manor house, you will need to pay 150 rubles for a ticket. For students (upon presentation of the required document), a visit to the museum and the park will cost seventy rubles.
If you want to visit the estate with a guide, then such a visit will cost 150 rubles for an adult and 100 rubles for a schoolchild or student.
Photographing and video filming on the territory of the museum is allowed only for a fee - seventy and two hundred rubles, respectively.
However, there are some nice perks as well. Children under the age of sixteen, disabled people of the first group (with one of the accompanying persons), military personnel, participants in the Great Patriotic War, Afghan and Chechen wars can visit the estate free of charge.
As we can see, there are many sights associated with Tyutchev in Ovstug, and every building on the estate and beyond is worthy of attention. However, the main among them is the poet's house, built in the late Empire style. The mezzanine, porticos, ramp and balconies give it a special charm.
Poet's house
Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev wrote about the house: “It is really very good, and its view from the garden is very beautiful. I will be extremely happy, I assure you, to see everyone here next summer.”
The restoration of the interiors of the house was greatly helped by an interesting document of 1874 - “The Protective Inventory of Movable Property ...” by Privy Councilor F.I. Tyutchev. The document recorded the decoration of each room, which today allows us to talk about a detailed memorialization of the halls of the poet's house-museum.
Residential interiors are always the focus, the place of action of everyday life. They reflect both the personal tastes of the owners and the high-ranking attitudes of the era, for example, the concept of comfort. A walk around the poet's house allows you to get in touch with the rules and traditions of bygone days.
Showroom
An enfilade of real rooms, carefully recreated in the style of the first half of the 19th century, will lead us from the vestibule to the ballroom, allow us to look into the poet's office and cozy living room, see the main rooms and the hostess's boudoir. There are paintings, drawings on the walls, books on the tables, things that the poet could use. Numerous family portraits hanging on the walls create the effect of the constant presence of the former owners of the estate. With the help of such an obvious design technique, the continuous connection of generations is visibly embodied. The departed continue to live not only in memories, but also in family albums, correspondence, relics, memorabilia, embroideries, herbariums. Diverse things coexist in a friendly way in the manor house: large portraits and chamber works, first-class works by professional artists, and right there - which is impossible in an art gallery, but acceptable in a residential building - amateur things, gravitating towards the primitive, which creates the effect of completeness and diversity of a residential building.
Slavic corner. Literary exposition
Upon entering the house, visitors enter showroom, where they are met by a new exposition - "Poets - diplomats of Russia". Here are portraits of Kantemir, Fonvizin, Griboyedov, Polonsky, Batyushkov, Maikov, Tyutchev, Perovsky, Tolstoy, Chicherin, Lavrov and others, sheets of diplomatic dispatches, personal belongings and lifetime editions of books of diplomats of the 18th-19th centuries. Over the following centuries, the continuity of the close unity of diplomacy and poetry has been preserved: among modern diplomats there are poets who write "for themselves" and laureates of national and international poetry competitions; poets-diplomats write poems in a foreign language and translate poems of foreign poets into Russian. The strict bureaucratic profession of a diplomat, which requires strict self-control, and freedom-loving poetry, recognizing only the impulses of the soul and mood, unexpectedly found a point of contact - a balanced, accurate, informative Word.
General view of the second hall
« Decorating the hall, we tried to present the history of the development of diplomacy from Zakhary Tyutchev (XIV) to the present day,- tell the museum staff. - The exposition presents a map of Russia of the 19th century, copies of the most important documents, portraits and lifetime editions of books by poets-diplomats of Russia. In the center of the museum complex there is a strict, official table of a state official with all the attributes».
Next room - lobby house-museum of F.I. Tyutchev. Opposite the main entrance there is a sculptural image of F.I. Tyutchev by G.N. Yastrebenetsky. On both sides of it, on the wall, there are copies of portraits of Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich and his heir Alexander the Liberator, who ruled during the government service of F.I. Tyutchev.
Lobby
The side walls of the hall are decorated with large paintings by Moscow artists B.M. Beltyukova and V. A. Litvinov, representing Tyutchev with his family against the backdrop of the Ovstug estate and with fellow writers in the Summer Garden of St. Petersburg. Further, guests can go to the hall, which tells about the childhood years of the life of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev. Here are portraits of parents: the kindest Ivan Nikolaevich and the emotional Ekaterina Lvovna; portraits of older brother Nikolai and sister Daria; portraits of contemporaries who determined the cultural and historical background of that time: Zhukovsky, Karamzin, Osterman, Vyazemsky, Merzlyakov. The Velenius grand piano presented by a grateful student F.I. Tyutchev to the first teacher S.E. Raic. The heirs of the teacher carefully kept the family heirloom and transferred the instrument to the museum in the 1990s.
Turning right, the guests enter the so-called munich hall Museum, telling about the foreign period in the life of Tyutchev. In 1822, the novice diplomat Fyodor Ivanovich left Russia for the capital of the Bavarian principality - Munich, he returned in 1844 with the rank of state councilor. For Tyutchev, these were the years of a rich cultural life, meeting talented people, comprehending the depths of philosophical and diplomatic sciences, joining the school of romantic German poetry ...
munich hall
Munich corner. Literary exposition
The hall is decorated with portraits of German beauties: Amalia Lerchenfeld (the poet's first love), Eleonora Bothmer (Tyutchev's first wife), Ernestine Dernberg (the poet's second wife). Rococo furniture made it possible to recreate the "blue corner" of the Munich living room in the Tyutchevs' house. This hall begins the front suite of the poet's house, which, as expected, ends with a large window, a kind of exit to infinity.
The next hall allows you to see study, decorated with family portraits of ancestors. Of particular interest here is the desk, donated to the museum by the poet's heirs. There is an Empire-style grandfather clock against the wall, which, according to a family legend, was chosen and purchased for the house by the poet's father, Ivan Nikolayevich Tyutchev.
Memorial office. Fragment of the exposition
The first thing we pay attention to when entering the office is the poet's desk, next to which is a slightly set aside chair, in it are casually thrown gloves and a blanket. On the wall near the window, there is an old icon “Satisfy pains” (heal from illnesses). There are books, manuscripts, a writing set, a pen in disorder on the table, there is a candle in a candlestick. A scattering of household trifles - it is she who satisfies such a thirst for authenticity, which is characteristic of our days. With such an arrangement, the museum staff wanted to show a piece of the world that the poet saw, to see this environment through his eyes, hear it with his ears and help visitors to travel back in bygone years, plunge into the past, look at the world around us from the outside. After visiting the office of Fyodor Ivanovich, there is a need for the Tyutchev word, for his poetry.
memorial cabinet
In the interior of the office, our attention is attracted by an open window, a door ajar, behind them - bent branches of a birch, thickets of lilacs, a breath of breeze ... The world outside the window fascinates, is perceived as a poetic metaphor.
Not what you think, nature:
Not a cast, not a soulless face -
It has a soul, it has freedom,
It has love, it has a language...
Office F.I. Tyutchev
According to family legend, it was in the office on December 31, 1852 that Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev wrote a poem:
Enchantress Winter
Bewitched, the forest stands -
And under the snowy fringe,
Motionless, dumb
He shines with a wonderful life ...
The next enfilade room - green living room. It contains portraits of all the children of Tyutchev and a lovely portrait of the 1840s of the poet's second wife, Ernestine, by the artist Durk. From the living room you can go out to the balcony, from where you can see the park and where the Tyutchev family held tea parties on summer evenings. The front suite of rooms ends with the Scarlet Drawing Room - a large hall for holding receptions, receptions and musical evenings. The room is decorated in that unique shade that Ernestine Tyutcheva, the owner of the house, liked. This made it possible to create a special atmosphere of comfort, warmth and goodwill, undoubtedly inherent in her character. Ernestine's desk, sofa, bookcase with favorite books, lamp and other authentic items fit well into the recreated interior.
green living room
green living room
Green living room with a portrait and drawings of Ya.P. Polonsky
Green living room with a portrait of E.F. Tyutcheva
Leaving this hall, we find ourselves in a small corridor and face a choice: turn left and go through all the rooms of the house in a circle, or go straight to the stairs leading to the rooms on the second floor. We choose the latter option and continue our journey around the house.
At the level of the second floor in the Tyutchev years there were five rooms, however, the repair and restoration activities carried out in the museum have not been completed, and so far only three rooms are open to guests: the daughters' room, the hostess's boudoir and the museum hall, which combined the library, nursery and guest room.
IN daughters room the decoration is made up of objects of different eras and styles: a chest of drawers with a mirror, soft, comfortable chairs, a table for needlework donated by F.I. Tyutchev, a bed under a handmade bedspread... The furniture is arranged freely, as if casually, forming "corners", creating ease, comfort and warmth. Of particular value in this exposition is a tablecloth embroidered by the poet's youngest daughter, Maria Fedorovna, and a box for stationery, a gift from F.I. Tyutchev.
The room of the youngest daughter of the poet M.F. Tyutcheva
Memorial table and tablecloth embroidered by M.F. Tyutcheva
From the daughters' room you can go to boudoir of the hostess - Ernestina Feodorovna.
General view of the room of Ernestina, wife of F.I. Tyutchev
E.F.'s room Tyutcheva with a memorial sofa and books
There was always a cupboard with favorite books, low, comfortable armchairs, a bed covered from indiscreet eyes by a high screen, a desk and a bureau with a supply of ink, quills and paper. Particularly interesting is the furniture set, which, according to the heirs, Ernestina saw in a Moscow store, purchased and immediately sent to Ovstug. The set includes perfectly preserved items: an elegant bookcase, a card table, a bedside table and a comfortable sofa.
From Ernestine's boudoir, you can return to the landing and from there go to the hall, conventionally called "The Heirs of the Poet". The story about the life of the village, the family estate after the death of the poet, about the fate of relatives and friends helps to keep things and documents transferred to the museum by the heirs of F.I. Tyutchev.
Of particular interest are the documents of F.F. Tyutchev - the illegitimate son of the poet from E.A. Denisieva: photographs, albums, books, cigarette case and stationery.
The exposition in the Scarlet Living Room is dedicated to
Petersburg period of F.I. Tyutchev
The exposition dedicated to M.F. and N.A. Birilev
The poet's great-niece, Irina Vyacheslavovna Kalitaeva, donated to the museum a unique collection of ceramics: panels, vases, tiles.
Censor's Office.
Fragment of a literary exposition in the "Red Hall"
Grand piano firm "Velenius" - a gift from F.I. Tyutchev to his teacher S.E. Raichu
Having examined the exposition and having received real pleasure from touching the beauty, visitors descend the stairs to the first floor, go out into the lobby and leave the poet's house-museum.
Leave for a while the hail, immersed in worries,
Lean under the shade of oak forests; peace awaits you here.
Under the roof of the rural Penate,
Where everything flaunts, everything breathes simplicity,
Where cold shine and purple and gold are alien, -
There's a sweet round cup!
A brow wrinkled with thought,
Loses here its gloomy look;
In the abode of the fathers, everything pours joy for us!
F. I. Tyutchev
Ovstug is a village in the Zhukovsky district of the Bryansk region. The village is spread over eight hills that descend in steps to the Desna.
The first documentary references to the village are found in the "Lithuanian metric" - a document of the 15th century. The village becomes Tyutchevskoy from the 18th century, when a native of the lands of the Yaroslavl province - second-major Nikolai Andreevich Tyutchev married the Oryol noblewoman Pelageya Denisovna Panyutina, who owned part of the Ovstug lands.
On a picturesque hill near the river. Ovstuzhenka, the new owner built a house, laid the foundations for a park and a garden, and a lake appeared in the natural depression of the estate being created. In 1778, the young owner erected a stone manor church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
The estate was changed, completed, corrected by the next generation of owners. The son of Nikolai Andreevich, guard lieutenant Ivan Nikolaevich, in 1798 married a Moscow noblewoman Ekaterina Lvovna Tolstaya. The young family is happy in the family estate, famous for its hospitality. During these years, the estate has 38 acres of land. In the neighborhood of the manor house there is an outbuilding, barns, a glacier, two greenhouses, in the distance - a carriage house, a laundry, a barnyard, etc. A picturesque linden alley leads to the manor house through the park.
The park is decorated in the spirit of fashion trends; a bulk "Island of Love" appears with a gazebo in the center of the pond, the "Grotto of Contemplation" near the spring and flower beds of various shapes. Actually, the park beckons for walks, revealing itself in all its diversity. The owner carefully and lovingly arranged his estate, thought through every detail in it for convenience and beauty. Everything mattered, even the design of the park fence.
The specificity of the provincial estate was an inextricable connection with the outside world, where the beauty of nature was combined with chores, crowded holidays with close family communication. Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev inherited from his parents not only a certain economic complex of lands and buildings. For a man of high spiritual culture, a "Russian European" like Tyutchev, this was also a certain cultural heritage. Through the efforts of Tyutchev and his daughter, in 1871 a school for peasant children was created in Ovstug. The village of Ovstug with its landscape, manor house, outbuildings, garden and park became a source of new strength and inspiration in the life and work of the poet and was reflected in poems created even far from their native places.
During the period of ownership of the descendants of F.I. Tyutchev, the fate of the Ovstug estate coincided with the fate of most Russian estates. End of the 19th century in Russia - the beginning of the decline of the manor noble culture, the ruin of the "noble nests". Some of the manor buildings are being dismantled, the park is falling into disrepair, all things are gradually being taken out of the house, the walls of the house are decaying, crumbling ...
Time did not spare Tyutchev's places in Ovstug. In 1913, the manor house was dismantled into bricks, in 1941 the grandfather's church was blown up and centuries-old alleys in the park were cut down.
The heirs took out some of the things, some were sold into the wrong hands. The poet's house falls into disrepair, decays and is dismantled. The brick of the manor house was used in the construction of the volost government building, which has survived to this day.
With the care and efforts of the chairman of the collective farm "Ovstug" B.M. Kopyrnov, the people's artists of Russia, the Tkachev brothers, and the director of the Tyutchev Museum of that time, Gamolina V.D. at the expense of collective farm funds, an art and local history museum of the village of Ovstug was created in the old building. On June 11, 1989, the first visitors saw the museum exposition.
All information is taken from the official website of the F.I. Tyutchev Museum-Reserve.
Original message ValeZ_PersonalThank you. Great place, photos and storyI’m cutting the trip around the Bryansk region into parts, let’s remember, let’s try the Tyutchev part of the trip (I’m writing in Moscow, I don’t have any materials with me that I collected there, so from memory).
1. We don’t injure ourselves anymore with recent snows, it’s already summer, the month of May, we arrived from Bryansk to the Ovstug estate - the residence of the wonderful poet F.I. Tyutchev. According to Leo Tolstoy, if I'm not mistaken, we had three brilliant poets then (and still have them?) - Pushkin, Lermontov and Tyutchev. Here is an alley, preserved houses, a fence
Leave for a while the hail, immersed in worries,
Lean under the shade of oak forests; peace awaits you here.
Under the roof of the rural Penate,
Where everything flaunts, everything breathes simplicity,
Where cold shine and purple and gold are alien, -
There's a sweet round cup!
A brow wrinkled with thought,
Loses here its gloomy look;
In the abode of the fathers, everything pours joy for us!F. I. Tyutchev
2. Plan of the estate. All the houses have been restored, in varying degrees of completeness, the temple is also like new, well, or like an old one.
F. I. Tyutchev's early childhood was spent in Ovstug. His parents encouraged his thirst for knowledge. He studied at home history, geography, arithmetic, Russian and foreign languages - French, Latin and German. In the tenth year of his life, the young poet S. B. Amfiteatrov, known in literature under the name of Raich, was the teacher of the Russian language, who at the same time supervised the general upbringing of the boy. Speaking in his autobiography about his gifted student, Raich later wrote: "... by the thirteenth year, he was already translating Horace's odes with remarkable success."
3. And this is one of the first schools for peasant children, founded by the daughter of Fyodor Ivanovich - Maria Tyutcheva. It was from this house, by the works of the enthusiast Gamolin V.D. the Tyutchev Museum began - then the restoration of the completely destroyed estate was only in the idea of \u200b\u200bthis man, no one believed in it except him.
4. Bust of the poet.
Tyutchev, Fedor Ivanovich - poet, diplomat, philosopher, publicist.
Born in with. Ovstug of the Bryansk district of the Oryol province on November 23 (December 5), 1803.
The poet died on July 15/27, 1873 in Tsarskoye Selo, and was buried in St. Petersburg.
His wife lived in Ovstuga with children, whom he visited for 25 years a number of times ...5. Church of the Assumption of the Virgin in the village. Ovstug was created at the end of the 18th century, the Tyutchevs were baptized, married and buried here. During the Great Patriotic War it was completely destroyed, according to the saved plans with the money of the German company "Knauf" it was restored in 2000-2003 in the same form as it was.
6. Well, if it’s May, then everywhere there are huge May beetles in large quantities
7. We are in the manor house (it is in the picture in the upper right corner) and we look how the gentlemen went for a walk, the peasants with them. Tyutchev and his family - he has three children from his first marriage (eldest daughters are future ladies-in-waiting), three from his second marriage (two sons and a daughter) and then, in St. Petersburg, three more from his mistress.
8. And here is Petersburg, where Tyutchev lived longer than in Ovstug, and there he was in the thick of things as a politician, writer, diplomat, and only then, in his own opinion, as a poet.
9. I don’t remember how to interpret the coat of arms. The title, as I understand it, was not generic.
10. But this was Bryansk, pay attention to the hills - the former settlements :)
11. The restored interiors of the house, the rooms were named after colors, this is a green dining room, apparently
12. And this is the blue living room, apparently
13. This is a portrait of Tyutchev's first, unhappy love, Amalia, whom he met in Germany, whom he was denied marriage to and he, unhappy for life, writes the lines:
Your sweet gaze, full of innocent passion,
Golden dawn of your heavenly feelings
I couldn't, alas! appease them -
He serves them as a silent reproach.And their meeting was later described to him as follows:
I remember the golden time
I remember a dear edge to my heart.
The day was evening; we were two;
Below, in the shadows, the Danube rustled.And on the hill, where, whitening,
The ruin of the castle looks into the distance,
You stood, young fairy,
Leaning on mossy granite.14. Autographs, that is, the famous poems of the poet written with his own hand
15. And this is Tyutchev's aunt - abbess, founder of the Boriso-Glebsky Anosin convent. Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol called her "my spiritual mother" and it was to her that he went for advice in difficult situations.
16. This, judging by the color, is a white living room
17. And this is red
18. This is all the same Tyutchev's first love, Amalia, but she is already over 60 years old, she is the wife of Tyutchev's colleague, Baron Krudener. It was at this age (and just as beautiful) that she visits the seriously ill Tyutchev, who is already 67 years old and the famous poems are born:
I met you - and all the past
In the obsolete heart came to life;
I remembered the golden time -
And my heart felt so warm...Like late autumn sometimes
There are days, there are hours
When it suddenly blows in the spring
And something stirs in us, -So, the whole is covered with a breath
Those years of spiritual fullness
With a long forgotten rapture
Looking at cute features...Like after a century of separation
I look at you, as if in a dream, -
And now the sounds become more audible,
Not silenced in me...There's not just one memory
Then life spoke again,
And the same charm in you,
And the same love in my soul!19. Once again we pass by a wonderful temple
20. And here are the Ovstug swans.
21. Tyutchev also has a lot of poems about swans
22. And here is a monument to a poet who looks at the pediment of his house
July light Ovstug full
Ravines, hillocks and woods.
The high day is almost silent.
And suddenly - from thunder to pieces.
And suddenly a bright downpour hits
Short, warm and cool.
And again the clarity of smooth lines,
For depth and height24. But the swan's nest, there are small swans
26. And these are the interiors of a rural school
27. This is the teacher's room
28. We are driving from Ovstug to the ancient city of Vshchizh, which Tyutchev also liked to visit. On the hill of memory of the soldiers who died here, of course, seven birches grew, like a menorah in the altar of the temple ...
29. Such a miracle of nature
30. Tyutchev’s poems are also dedicated to this place, but they are about three oaks that have faded, withered and gave way to seven birches
31. But, I think you have already learned, the settlement of Vshchizha
32. On the site of ancient churches that were once here, there are crosses
33. View of the river from the high bank of the settlement
34. Here you can see the remains of ramparts and fortifications
35. There are a couple of houses on the settlement, there are beautiful gardens, on the right there are some Chinese ones, as we determined, the plants are planted
36. And here is the local Vshchizh Museum, this is a reconstruction of the beauty that once stood here. It was known as a specific center within the Chernihiv Principality since the 11th century. After the Mongol devastation in the spring of 1238, Vshchizh was destroyed to the ground and ceased to exist.
37. And this is the reconstruction of temples based on excavations in the 20th century
38. We are moving on - this is the most unusual temple in our plans. Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord in Tvorishichi. It was created by the landowner Bezobrazova in the middle of the 19th century as a kind of temple in the monastery of Bethany near the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. The appearance of the temple is also unique, pay attention to the small cupola and oval shape. The local mother explained to us that this was due to the fact that all the men, her beloved son, died at the organizer of the temple in the war, and therefore the temple, on which all her funds went, was "headless". But, I must say, the original temple in Bethany was the same.
39. Inside, the interior, near the temple, is unique. There is Mount Tabor, and the royal gates are on the top of the mountain, stairs lead to it from two sides, we climb and there, at the top, we partake of the Holy Mysteries. And inside, in the mountain, the second altar, as in a cave. Batiushka "did not bless" us to take pictures of all this, I took pictures, but then obediently deleted the frames. But you can search them in Google for the query "Tvorishichi"
40. On both sides of the temple are white statues in niches - Moses and Elijah. Let us pay attention once again that the temple is oval in plan!
41. Ecological disaster, as my companions appreciated, May beetles eat all the trees.
42. And here is another unusual temple - the Mother of God of Akhtyrka in the village of Chernetovo. It is round in plan.
43. Exits from three sides, except for the altar. Unfortunately, we didn't get inside.
44. And here is a remarkably restored church in the village of Novoselki, the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, 2nd floor. 18th century, at the expense of the landowner V.A. Nebolsina
45. All photographers are looking for the opportunity to take a photo with a reflection.
46. This is the end of this part of the trip, tomorrow there will be Oryol woodland, a little Orel and then back to Moscow :)