Plan.
1. The concept of self-management and its main functions.
2. Career management.
3. Organization of personal labor.
1. To effectively manage people, a manager must first master the science and art of managing himself. Self-management (personal management) helps the leader: rationally organize his work and the work of his subordinates; to realize professional and life goals; avoid stressful situations; improve performance; get satisfaction from the work you do.
Reasonable self-organization gives the manager the following advantages:
- performance of work at lower cost;
- better organization of personal labor;
- less workload;
- fewer errors in the performance of their functions;
- pleasure from work, great work motivation;
- less haste and stress;
- growth of qualification;
- the best results of work;
- achieving professional and life goals in the shortest way.
There are different points of view on the concept of self-management. A narrow interpretation of self-management as an individual technology for using working time is quite common. L. Seivert, for example, gives the following definition: "Self-management is the consistent and purposeful use of proven practical methods of work in daily activities in order to optimally and meaningfully use your time."
In most sources, self-management is defined as self-government, the process of self-activity, the elevation of the personality.
Effective self-management is objectively connected both with human nature (biorhythms, genetic program), and with organization (things, people, ideas, relationships), social management.
Self-management is a science and an art by:
Effective use of the basic resources of the individual (such as time, activity, solvency, education);
Managing the life processes of a person (work of a manager, use of free time, career);
Managing the results of the manager's activity (level of qualification, personal qualities, image).
The main goal of personal management is to make the best use of one's own abilities, to consciously manage the course of one's life (to be able to self-determine), to overcome external circumstances both at work and in personal life.
The daily solution of various kinds of tasks and problems can be represented as a number of different functions that are in a certain interdependence with each other and, as a rule, are carried out in a certain sequence.
Such a process of self-management can be presented as a kind of “Circle of Rules”, which clearly demonstrates the connections between individual functions of self-management.
The following six functions are indicated in the outer circle;
1. Goal setting.
2. Analysis and formation of personal goals.
3. Planning. Development of plans and alternative options for their activities.
4. Decision making. Making decisions on future cases.
5. Implementation and organization. Scheduling the day and
organization of personal labor process in order to implement
assigned tasks.
6. Self-control and control of results (if necessary, adjustment of goals). In the inner circle there is a complementary function (information and communications). Other functions “revolve” around this function to a certain extent, since communications as an exchange of information are necessary in all phases of the self-management process.
Separate functions do not follow strictly one after another, as it is presented in this model, but are intertwined in many ways.
Certain working techniques and methods of managing oneself, one's time, career, image constitute the technique of self-management, which is presented in Table 1.
The system of personal management can be represented as a model of requirements for the qualities of a manager who is able to manage himself (Table 2). This model shows that the art of managing oneself consists of the main blocks of personal qualities:
- commitment to a systems approach;
- the ability to value and use time efficiently;
- the ability to focus on the main thing;
- the ability to do everything in order;
- the ability not to lose sight of the little things;
- ability to analyze time spent
Table 1.
self-management technique.
| Self-management functions | Working techniques, methods | Achieved result |
| 1. Goal setting | Definition of goals, situational analysis, target strategies and methods for achieving success, goal formulation. | Motivation. Elimination of weak sides. Recognition of advantages. Concentration of efforts on bottlenecks, fixing deadlines and next steps. |
| 2. Planning | Annual planning. Monthly planning. Decade planning. Day planning. Principles of temporary management. Alps method. Management with a time diary | Preparation for the realization of the goal. Optimal distribution and use of time. Reducing the terms of use |
| 3. Decision making | Setting priorities. Pareto principle (80:20 ratio), ABC analysis. Eisenhower principle. Delegation of affairs. | Organization of labor leading to success. The first solution to vital problems. Ordering cases according to their importance, getting rid of the "tyranny" of urgency, productivity of labor costs. |
Table 2.
The ability to manage yourself.
| The main blocks of qualities (first level) | Content of the criterion | Primary qualities (second level) | |
| 1. Self-discipline | The ability to control oneself, control one's behavior | 1. Obligation, the ability to keep one's word. 2. Punctuality, accuracy of performance. 3. Composure, the ability not to scatter. 4. Having a sense of responsibility. 5. The ability to refuse pleasures for the sake of the main thing | |
| 2. Knowledge of the technique of personal work | Knowledge of the rules and techniques of personal work and the ability to use them | 1. Organization of the workplace. 2. Ability to work with information. 3. Ability to make documents. 4. Ability to speak on the phone. 5. Ability to listen. 6. Ability to plan your affairs. 7. Knowledge of methods of rationalization of personal work. 8. Ability to use modern organizational and computer technology. 9. Ability to change activities. 10. Knowledge of communication technology. 11. Ability to delegate half-power. 12. Ability to prepare for a business trip. | |
| 3. Emotional-volitional potential | The ability to control one's will | 1. Volitional qualities. 2. Labor love. 3. Perseverance in work. 4. Purposefulness. 5. Decisiveness.6. assertiveness. 7. The ability to interest, motivate yourself. 8. Optimism and cheerfulness. 9. Enthusiasm for work. 10. Devotion to work and team.11. Family well-being. 12. Self-confidence.13. Psychological preparation for work. | |
| 4. Ability to make yourself healthy | Good health, mental health | 1. Physical activity. 2. Nutrition. 3. Sleep. 4. Breathing. 5. Water procedures. 6. Hardening. 7. Noise control. 8. Training of the nervous system. 9. The ability to relax. 10. Rejection bad habits. 11. Modes of work and rest | |
| 5. Ability to formulate and implement life goals | The ability to formulate and achieve the realization of life goals | 1. The ability to know oneself. 2. The ability to formulate your life goals. 3. Ability to make decisions. 4. Ability to plan a career. 5. The ability to find and get a good job. 6. Ability to adapt in a team. | |
| 6. Personal self-control | The ability to control the processes and results of their activities | 1. Process control. 2. Control of results. 3. Control of the day. 4. The ability to form and control your image. | |
2. Career - these are the subjectively conscious judgments of the employee about his labor future, the expected ways of self-expression and satisfaction with work, this is the progressive movement up the career ladder, the improvement of skills, abilities, qualification opportunities and the amount of remuneration associated with the employee's activities. A person's life outside of work also has a significant impact on a career.
To make a career means to achieve a prestigious position in society, greater powers, a higher status, power, money. This means prestige from the point of view of public opinion.A successful career does not in itself make a person happy. But the loser is even less likely to feel happy, so success is always desirable, especially in those areas that are key. However, it is very important at what cost this is achieved. Someone's broken life is too high a price for success.
What kind of people make a career? What kind of people are successful in achieving career goals? First, those who put them!
The value of goal setting is determined by the fact that people who know exactly what to do, self-determine, assert themselves much faster and are the most successful.
People who do not have clear personal goals are usually dominated by the demands of the moment.
Prominent manager Lee Iacocca noted: “To succeed in business, as in almost everything else, the most important thing is to focus and make good use of your time. And in order to use your time wisely, you need to firmly realize what exactly is the main thing in your work, and then give yourself entirely to the implementation of this main thing.
If you want to make a career, you should realize that the realization of your intentions will require you to give everything completely, give up something familiar to you and exert all your spiritual and physical strength, possibly for a long time.
One desire to work with full dedication is not enough, it is necessary to give clear answers to questions such as:
What goals need to be achieved?
Do they agree with each other?
Is there a so-called higher goal and certain intermediate goals on the way to the main one?
What needs to be done for this (strengths) and what else needs to be worked on (weaknesses) -
Such an analysis of personal qualities is a prerequisite for planning further steps and measures to achieve goals. It is very important to evaluate yourself correctly, which can be helped by special testing systems that make it possible to understand your strengths and weaknesses.
Table 3
My abilities
In the process of analysis (the means necessary to achieve the desired goals (personal, financial, time resources) are compared with the real situation. For example, select five most important goals and determine the means necessary for these goals (Table 3). Check what else you need to achieve or where to start to get closer to the relevant goal, indicate the qualifications necessary to achieve the goals, and set specific realistic practical goals for gaining experience and abilities that you still lack.
In the totality of the goals of each person, the main and intermediate goals are found, subordinate to the main ones, but without which it is impossible to achieve the final goal. For some goals, a person shows extreme interest and is ready to sacrifice the most expensive for their achievement; other goals are of little concern to him and do not affect his emotional sphere. Such a system of subordinate goals is called a tree of goals.
The French sociologist B. Gurney distinguishes four types of personal goals of a person who has joined a managerial organization.
1. Striving for security, for the exclusion of threats of risk for oneself personally.
2. The desire to improve living standards. To understand this goal, it should be borne in mind that the satisfaction of workers with their wages depends not only on the absolute value of remuneration, but also on the relative value of the wages of their colleagues.
3. The desire for power. This goal breaks down into a number of interrelated sub-goals: the desire to expand the circle of one's powers, to achieve autonomy, to move up the career ladder.
4. The desire to increase and strengthen the prestige. This goal is divided into two sub-goals: strengthening personal prestige and the prestige of the organization itself.
An important condition for achieving career goals is their correct setting. Personal goals must meet the following requirements:
The person feels personally interested in their achievement.
Perhaps a successful advance towards them in small steps.
Time limits have been set.
A specific end result is clearly established.
Along with general goals, it is important to set short-term sub-goals and achieve intermediate successes. The reality around us and we ourselves are constantly changing, so the goals must be systematically analyzed and, if necessary, revised, looking for the best available opportunities.
Mistakes in career choice and planning can lead to serious negative consequences.
When setting career goals (as, indeed, others), one should not overestimate one's capabilities; one must take into account one's personal qualities and natural data.
The classification of individual characteristics that are important in determining a career is as follows:
1. Character traits (self-confidence, sociability, ability to self-affirmation, balance, realism).
2. Professional inclinations (in 1988 there were 9333 of them in the international classifier of professions, in our country - about 7000). According to the method of academician E.A. Klimov, all types of professional activity are divided into five main groups: 1st - professions of the "man - nature" type; 2nd - professions of the type "man - technology"; 3rd - professions of the type "man - sign system"; 4th - professions of the type "man - an artistic image";5th - professions of the "man-man" type. Many professions are a combination of different activities.
3. Ability and experience.
4. Origin.
By making a career in the labor market, you act as a creator and seller of your own labor force. Therefore, you need to use the methods and techniques of marketing (self-marketing) in a job search.
In the first days at a new job, you should use the well-known management principle - “lay low”, for which:keep calm; listen to everything that is said to you; say as little as possible.
1. Learn to listen. Being a good listener is not just an art. By understanding the subtext and hints, you will be able to better and faster understand the situation in a new place.
2. Understand the informal structure.
3. Don't procrastinate.
4. Monitor progress.
In order to successfully establish yourself in a new job, necessary condition is the conscientious and professionally competent performance of their official duties. But if you want your job to be the next step on the career ladder, then just having a good job may not be enough. You need to be noticed and distinguished from other colleagues.
General factors contributing to the demand for a person:
It is very important to evaluate yourself correctly;
For a person who is going to make a successful career, today the basics of owning office equipment, primarily computer equipment, are necessary;
Useful, but sometimes just necessary knowledge foreign languages, the ability to drive a car, which is often directly indicated in the requirements for a candidate for a prestigious position. And knowledge in the field of business and law is necessary for every manager and entrepreneur.
A person striving to make a career can move up the hierarchical ladder almost limitlessly. The higher you go, the more effort is required. Every stop is a way down.
All the basic techniques and methods of career decisions that are relevant at any stage of it are becoming more sophisticated and subtle. For example, for a successful banker, an expensive and elegant, but moderately conservative suit is no longer just a wish, but an obligatory part of professional etiquette. Politeness and respect for etiquette is the duty of every well-mannered person, but for diplomats and statesmen of the highest rank it is also a responsibility.
3. In order to properly perform their functions and achieve their goals, the manager must properly plan and organize work. Planning is a project of labor processes for the coming time period.
Whatever specifically the leader does, the range of his duties is much wider than the narrow professional framework. Hundreds of small, important, insignificant, momentary, urgent matters are constantly in his field of vision. What increases the efficiency of labor, turns the flow of chaotic operations and affairs into a more or less harmonious system? There are four such important components:
1. Planning. It is the basis of any production activity. It includes a whole set of operations and actions, namely: various kinds of research, analysis of results, testing, comparison, consultations, development of the plan itself and bringing it to the performers.
2. Implementation of the plan. It is at this stage that decisions are made. All specific tasks fall into two categories. The first is the tasks of the individual level, the solution of which is associated with the personal freedom of the leader. The second is tasks, the implementation of which is associated with a number of operations and the involvement of other people. Their solution gives an important overall end result with their increasing complexity. In any case, the tasks in each of the categories are somehow intertwined with each other and interconnected with planning.
3. Monitoring and control. Any work must be checked both in terms of performance and in terms of obtaining optimal results. Verification can be very simple or very complex, involving many additional operations.
4. Interaction with other people. Managers spend 50 to 90% of their time on communication, because the leader needs to realize his role in interpersonal relations, participate in decision-making and perform managerial functions of planning, organizing, motivating, coordinating, regulating and controlling.
General practical experience indicates that an increase in the time spent on planning leads to a reduction in the time to use and, ultimately, to saving time in general.
Saving time - takes time "Taylor's Rule".
The manager must be able to analyze his working time, draw up a personal work plan, while taking into account all the work he performs, be able to arrange them in order of importance.
When planning, you need to answer the following questions:
a) what has been achieved?
b) what needs to be achieved?
c) how to achieve this?
The first question requires an assessment of the situation, the second one involves setting goals, the third question requires a plan of action in time.
To avoid wasting time, you can create a daily time plan that will help you keep track of where most of your time is spent. By analyzing the time plan, you can determine the things that you can spend less time on, and those that are simply not worth doing. It is necessary to make a time plan for the whole day, and not just for working hours. Having compiled such a list, it is necessary to revise and re-plan the sequence of cases.
An irrationally planned working day has the following signs:
It is not known what the time is spent on;
It is not known how long it takes to complete certain tasks;
It is not known what factors motivate or limit performance.
If the leader intends to seriously approach the planning of personal work, then it is advisable to adhere to a system that is performed in the following sequence:
Time budget analysis;
Determining the content of planned cases;
Determining the time required to complete these cases;
Comparison of the necessary time spent on planned activities with your personal time budget and your personal capabilities;
Making a to-do list for the year;
Drawing up a thematic to-do list for a month;
Drawing up a plan of action for the week;
Recording current affairs and drawing up work plans for the day.
At the end of the corresponding planning period, by means of a “plan-actual” comparison, the results of the period are determined, which can be taken into account to adjust plans for the subsequent period.
Work plans drawn up in advance by the manager discipline his work and exclude the failure to carry out important activities. Without a plan, the manager's working day is usually filled with current affairs and there is no time left for solving promising issues, improving one's qualifications, realizing spiritual interests and rest.
The more efficiently the working time is distributed, the more time will be left for personal and professional interests. Planning daily work, medium and long-term actions and results also means saving time, achieving success and greater self-confidence. Getting more done in less time requires only two things: organization and self-discipline.
After the time budget has been determined and its costs for the planned cases have been clarified, it is necessary to compare these data. First of all, their total relationship is evaluated. It can immediately reveal the discrepancy between the volume of planned cases and the real possibilities of their implementation. It is clear that if they do not match, then it is necessary to revise the list of planned cases. If they correspond to each other, then such a comparison for verification can be continued and find out how much time is actually allocated for work in certain specific periods. When drawing up a plan for the day, along with the usual moments, it is necessary to take into account the location of time zones so that, for example, the planning of secondary work does not fall into “first class” time zones, i.e., into zones that are least prone to interference.
The manager must independently, every day, completing the next day, check whether the plan for this day has been fulfilled, draw up a new plan, preparing for the upcoming working day.
The real work plan for the day consists of certain time blocks filled with A cases, the execution of which should not be interfered with by anyone and nothing. What is not foreseen, and therefore not planned, but nevertheless inevitably falls on the manager, should be contained in those time blocks in which execution is planned B and C affairs. Then these B and above all IN the manager may not do the job.
Don't let anyone interrupt A class. If the leader has achieved success, and, moreover, a great one, no one will ask him why he did not fulfill certain B And IN affairs. He will be respected, appreciated and will not want to lose.
If the leader has done some work B And IN, but barely started A affairs, as a result of which only insignificant successes will be revealed, no one will praise him for doing B And IN affairs. He will not be highly valued.
How many hours per day can be scheduled for this or that work? It depends on the planned work. If the daily routine is mostly "free" from various surprises, the manager can easily allocate 6 hours. If surprises are not only not excluded, but even possible, you should limit yourself to 3 or 4 hours.
Those who believe that their daily routine does not allow for such planning at all may resort to wedge planning. Planning should start from one hour a day. Everyone can afford it. When you get experience in this, you can go to 2 hours, etc.
The following method has proven itself well: time should be planned in such a way that every hour 15 minutes remain free, which could be used to prepare for certain matters, make phone calls, approve documents, unforeseen work and even rest.
To facilitate the work of planning and allocating time, it is advisable to use certain technical means.
More convenient to write the form in the form calendar-weekly-nickname, i.e., a loose-leaf flip calendar in the form of a convenient notepad. You can take it with you to meetings, to commanders. The weekly planner makes it possible to plan the working week and each day, monitor the implementation of recorded activities, and analyze the time spent. Each task is put on the clock grid according to the deadline for its completion.
In addition to the usual notebooks and notebooks, where cases are arranged without any system, we can recommend a special form, which is a sheet of thick paper, lined up in accordance with the main areas of work. Entries on the sheet are made in pencil, and after completion they are erased or neatly crossed out. This form gives a clear picture of all current affairs, and it is easy to make a selection from it when drawing up a daily plan.
To draw up a daily plan using the Alps method, it takes an average of no more than 10 minutes. The method includes five stages:
1. Drawing up tasks.
2. Evaluation of the duration of the shares.
3. Reservation of time (in the ratio of 60: 40).
4. Decision making on priorities and reassignment.
5. Control (accounting for what has not been done).
The main arguments in favor of this method are given below.
1. The best mood for the upcoming working day.
2. A clear idea of the tasks of the day.
3. Overcoming forgetfulness.
4. Concentration on the most essential.
5. Reducing the amount of "paper work".
6. Achieve the goals of the day.
7. Highlighting more important and less important cases.
8. Making decisions about prioritization and reassignment.
9. Reduce interference and unwanted interruptions.
10. Reducing stress and nervous tension.
11. Feeling successful at the end of the day.
12. Increase satisfaction and motivation.
13. Growth of personal results.
14. Gain in time due to the methodical organization of work.
With the successful use of time planning techniques and methods of scientific organization of labor, one can save from 10 to 20% of working time every day.
For greater rationalization of the plan, along with letter abbreviations, other abbreviations and graphic symbols can be used to designate the most important elements, the so-called bureaugraphy.
For example, to mark certain actions, you can use the following symbols:
T Urgent.
Important.
To figure out.
Mission accomplished.
O Postponed.
x Impossible or self-resolved case.
Since there is not enough space for daily plans in ordinary memo calendars, and individual sheets have the disadvantage that they are lost general review, it is recommended to work regularly and consistently with a special time diary. It may be suitable for daytime and other time plans. With the help of bureaugraphy, you can increase the effective use of your time diary.
time diary is a personal working card file in which separate sheets are sewn and which, thanks to a rational subdivision, should be convenient for its visibility. The time diary is simultaneously a desk calendar, notebook, personal diary, planning tool, address list, reference book, idea file, and control tool.
This is a constant companion "written memory", which is always and everywhere at hand. The time diary is, moreover, a practical constituent part a consistent time planning system, namely a working storage of all daily plans, forms and sheets used in everyday practice.
There are other forms of time planning.
It is necessary to choose the time planning tool that is most suitable. Often they do this: they take something that is most acceptable, but add additions to it, taking into account their problems.
Recently, the personal computer has taken over part of the duties of the diary and began to rapidly displace it from the manager's desk. Computer systems of labor organization allow solving the following tasks:
. "calendar planning" of events for the year, quarter, month, week, day with control over the achievement of results;
. "document flow" - automated production, recording, search and printing of input and output information, and the search for information is organized according to a whole set of details (name, date, surname, enterprise, etc.);
. "directory" containing addresses and telephone numbers of legal entities and individuals with the possibility of their automated search;
. "calculator" that provides arithmetic and logarithmic operations in the process.
At the same time, changes are saved on disk, information is printed on the printer and protected by a password.
For details see: 1-7, 9-12, 14-18, 23.
Conclusion
"Theory of Management", as a discipline, includes: analysis of the most important typical forms of managerial relations (interaction between managers and managed); determination of the main trends in the development of management processes; construction of the most probable directions and scenarios for the development of management activities; formulation of evidence-based recommendations for improving the management system - in the field of state and municipal government, as well as the activities of public authorities.
Therefore, knowledge of the system of basic concepts and categories of the present training course, the study of management theories related to the activities of state and municipal authorities, are of particular importance in the conditions of state-political transformations taking place in our country.
Introduction
To be organized, whether it is in the space around you or your time, is to be prepared. It means feeling focused, in control of the situation, ready to take advantage of every opportunity and handle whatever surprises and surprises life throws your way. We live in a complex, fast-paced world full of endless possibilities.
The relevance of the topic "Self-management as a way to improve the efficiency of the leader's work" is determined by the fact that many managers, managing certain subjects, do not show enough organization, commitment, do not know how to rationally use working time, etc. This is especially true for young managers and managers. From what kind of self-organization they have, career success will largely depend.
Self-management, first of all, is self-organization, the ability to manage oneself, to manage the management process in the broadest sense of the word - in time, in space, in communication, in the business world. The leader must be able to do his job in such a way that the efficiency is maximum.
Mastering this science is not so easy, and a young leader still needs to start with self-education, and it’s not enough just to acquire knowledge, you also need practical implementation. Self-management is a very hard job, so you need to be ready for self-improvement.
You need a serious approach when developing your program. First of all, develop a program taking into account those issues that have to be addressed in the process of professional activity. When choosing a program, one must take into account the changes taking place in life - in economics, science, modern management methods, etc. It is necessary to take into account aspects of the practical implementation of the acquired knowledge.
The concept of self-management
Definition, goals and functions of self-management
Self-management is the consistent and purposeful use of proven methods of work in daily practice in order to make optimal and meaningful use of one's time.
The main goal of self-management is to make the most of your own capabilities, consciously manage the course of your life (self-determination) and overcome external circumstances both at work and in your personal life.
Every person in general, and in particular those who are preparing themselves for the work of an organizer-manager or are already such, first of all, need to be able to turn a situation, which is characterized by disorderly actions due to external circumstances, into a situation of directed and feasible tasks. Even when various tasks fall on you from all sides and the work is downright overwhelmed, thanks to consistent time planning and the use of methods of scientific organization of labor, it is possible to better carry out your activities, every day allocating a reserve of time (including for leisure) for really leadership functions.
Many managers are too process oriented rather than results oriented. With this approach, they prefer:
Doing things right instead of doing right things;
Solve problems instead of creating creative alternatives;
Fulfill duty instead of achieving results;
Reduce costs instead of increasing profits.
L. Seivert quite rightly recalls that it is necessary to improve your life from yourself. "Change yourself and you will change the world around you." Instead of changing the circumstances that we are already unable to change, we need to change our attitude towards them.
L. Seivert gives practical recommendations for those who want to improve their direct performance of managerial functions, spending less time at work, more effectively performing assigned tasks with less time, preventing stress, and improving their skills. He proposes to control what we all often lack - time - by drawing up work plans, where each type of activity needs to be given a place, indicating the time interval, that is, determining what proportion of free time with which you can learn to control yourself and control performance everyday tasks.
The daily solution of various kinds of tasks and problems can be represented as various functions that are in a certain interdependence with each other and, as a rule, are carried out in a certain sequence. The process of self-management in terms of the sequence of performance of specific functions covers six phases:
Goal setting - analysis and formation of personal goals;
Planning - development of plans and alternative options for their activities;
Making decisions on specific cases;
Organization and implementation - drawing up a daily routine and organizing a personal labor process in order to implement the tasks;
Control - self-control and total control (if necessary - adjustment of goals);
Information and communication is a phase inherent to a certain extent to all functions, since both communication and information exchange are necessary in all phases of self-management.
Individual functions do not necessarily strictly follow one another, but may be intertwined.
To be organized, whether it refers to the surrounding space or to our time, means to be prepared. It means feeling focused, in control of the situation, ready to take advantage of every opportunity available, and to handle whatever surprises and surprises life throws our way. Unfortunately, many leaders, managing these or those teams, show little personal organization, commitment, and do not know how to rationally use working time. This indicates that they do not sufficiently use the opportunities for self-development that self-management provides them.
Self-management, first of all, is self-organization, the ability to manage oneself, to manage the management process in the broadest sense of the word - in time, in space, in communication, in the business world. The manager must be able to organize his work in such a way that the efficiency is maximum, while ensuring the prudent use of the most valuable resource - time, namely:
Or use the available time for fruitful and successful activities,
Or achieve your goals with as little time as possible.
Self-management is the consistent and purposeful use of proven methods of work in everyday practice in order to optimally and meaningfully use your time to achieve success. The main goal of self-management is to make the most of your own capabilities, consciously manage the course of your life (self-determination) and overcome external circumstances both at work and in your personal life.
First of all, we are talking about how to turn the situation of one's own disorderly work and external circumstances affecting its implementation into a situation of purposeful, systematically planned and implemented tasks. Improving one's own style of work should come directly from each individual; self-management means the ability to own your own time and work and not let time and work dominate you. To do this, first of all, it is necessary to own the situation yourself, that is, to actively influence the work process and manage it. Self-management allows you to increase the load and, through the methods and tools used, save time to increase personal achievements and obtain the required results.
However, many managers are too process oriented rather than results oriented. Professor Lothar Seivert, a leading European specialist in the problems of efficient use of time and meaningful organization of life, quite rightly recalls that it is necessary to improve your life, starting with yourself: "Change yourself - and you will change the world around you." Instead of changing circumstances that we cannot change, we need to change our attitude towards them.
L. Seivert gives practical recommendations for those who want to improve their direct performance of managerial functions, spending less time at work, performing assigned tasks more efficiently and with less time, preventing stress, and improving their skills. He proposes to control what we all often lack - time - by drawing up work plans, where each type of activity is given a certain place.
The daily solution of various kinds of tasks and problems can be represented as various functions that are in a certain interdependence with each other and, as a rule, are carried out in a certain order. The process of self-management in terms of the sequence of performance of specific functions covers six phases:
Goal setting - analysis and formation of personal goals;
Planning - development of plans and alternative options for their activities;
Making decisions on specific cases;
Implementation and organization - drawing up a daily routine and organizing a personal labor process in order to implement the tasks;
Control - self-control and control of results (if necessary - adjustment of goals);
Information and communication is a phase inherent to a certain extent to all functions, since both communication and information exchange are necessary at all stages of self-management.
Individual functions do not necessarily strictly follow one another, but may be intertwined.
Each function of self-management corresponds to certain working methods, work techniques, the use of which brings the appropriate results, not allowing you to get into a temporary time pressure, which inevitably leads to a stressful state. Short review methods of self-management are given in table. 1.
Table 1
Overview of self-management techniques
Untitled Document
| Functions |
Methods Work technique |
Successes. Results (time gain thanks to…) |
| 1. Goal setting |
Strategy of goals and methods for achieving success Finding and formulating goals situational analysis |
motivation Benefit Recognition Concentration of efforts on "bottlenecks" Elimination of weaknesses Fixing deadlines and successive actions |
| 2. Planning |
Principles of temporary management. Planning for specific periods of time ALPEN method Management with a time diary |
Preparation for the implementation of goals. Optimal distribution and use of available time Reducing the duration of events |
| 3. Making decisions on specific cases |
Setting Priorities The Pareto Principle (The 80:20 Rule) ABC analysis Eisenhower principle Delegation of powers |
Organization of work leading to success First-priority solution of vital problems Organize tasks according to their importance Overcoming the "tyranny" of urgency and urgent tasks |
| 4. Implementation and organization |
Schedule load curve Biorhythms Self-development Plan for the day |
Application of self-management principles. Concentration of attention and efforts on essential tasks Using peak performance. Taking into account periodic fluctuations in performance Development of an individual style of work |
| 5. Control |
Control of results (control of goals, final and intermediate control) Control during the day (comparison of planned and results) Review of the day (self-control) |
Ensuring the implementation of planned activities Positive living |
| 6. Information and communication (communication) |
Rational conversations, meetings, discussions. Rational dialogues (visit management) Rational telephone communication Rational correspondence management. Rational reading Using checklists and forms |
Better organization of meetings, time for negotiations Interference elimination Less breaks at work Faster reading speed Lesser "paper war" |
According to the development of the Russian specialist in the field of personal management S.D. Reznik, the art of self-management - managing one's own life consists of seven blocks of characteristics - a kind of model of requirements for the qualities of a manager (Table 2).
table 2
Model of qualities of a manager "The ability to manage oneself"
Untitled Document
Main groups of qualities |
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The practical usefulness of the proposed concept is beyond doubt, since it focuses on the self-assessment of the manager's potential in each of the functions, aims at individual management activities in each of the main constituent elements based on the theory of classical management, and recommends how to practically improve the result.
To achieve success is one of the basic human needs, extending both to the personal and professional spheres. However, answering the question of what constitutes personal success, everyone can express their own thoughts. Analyzing the main systems for achieving personal success, first of all, the following six success factors are distinguished:
Personal strategy and goals
Effective self-organization,
Optimum use of information
Use of skills
successful communication,
Orientation in the external environment.
How to achieve personal success? To do this, first of all, it is necessary to realize the need for personal development and sincerely strive for this goal. Therefore, the analysis of one's own personality is a prerequisite for its successful development. Only those who at the moment clearly understand their own level of development can determine what it should be in the future and how to achieve it.
The best way to know yourself is effective introspection. Such an analysis, however, has nothing to do with personal self-esteem. The purpose of the analysis is to help a person objectively determine his strengths and weaknesses, identify natural talent, and also give practical advice on the further successful development of personality strengths and overcoming weaknesses.
The ultimate goal of introspection is to become aware of your strengths and weaknesses; overcome their own boundaries, held by unconscious self-esteem; develop a positive attitude towards life, within which personal success will become a reality.
When implementing proposals for the successful development of a personality, which includes both professional and personal success, one can be guided by the following concept (Fig. 1), proposed by the German researcher Kurt Nagel.
Rice. 1. Three steps to personal success
1st step. Self-knowledge - awareness of one's strengths and weaknesses, giftedness, abilities and skills.
2nd step. Establishing a hierarchy of values - creating a personal value system.
3rd step. Self-development is the realization of the results of previous steps within the framework of one's own capabilities.
1. Successful self-management includes in particular:
Defining a personal life strategy and planning goals (success factor 1),
Self-organization using labor rationalization methods (success factor 2).
2. Successful application of abilities through
Optimal use of information and ongoing effective learning (success factor 3),
Positive self-motivation and use of abilities (success factor 4).
3. Successful orientation when working with partners and clients
Through effective communication and optimal negotiation (success factor 5),
Generating positive moments for others and focusing on partners and customers in the broadest sense of the word (success factor 6).
Success Factor 1: Personal Strategy
Numerous surveys of executives and top managers of firms lead to the conclusion that success most often accompanies people who have personal goals and strategies. Losers allow themselves to be manipulated, while winners take control. Those who are successful have a definite goal in mind; for them, it is the engine that gives momentum to their lives. All known success strategies note the value of goal setting. They explain the role of goals throughout life and a specific period. Lack of a plan is often one of the main reasons for failure. There is no doubt that both work in the narrow sense and life in general can be built harmoniously and successfully.
Common to various success systems, theoretical and practical conclusions, is the following: a successful person adheres to what brings him closer to the goal. At the same time, it is important that successful people want to achieve results not only in each individual episode, but also mentally imagine their entire path for a longer period.
Successful people are distinguished by the ability to be inspired by their tasks, optimism in solving complex problems and a constant internal readiness to act, closely related to the social component and ethical perception. The higher the requirements for tasks and the higher the level of their implementation, the more successful such people are usually in each specific life situation.
Success factor 2: effective self-organization
Successful people tend to manage their time successfully as well. They manage to organize their actions in such a way that there is enough time for everything, and overvoltage does not occur. Time is a blessing, and a strictly limited one at that. It represents the absolute frontier of human possibilities, and this valuable resource should be handled with particular care. However, the opposite often happens. It is impossible not to take into account the fact that most people do not have the opportunity to use their time in the way they would like. First of all, economic and social circumstances dictate clear limits to us. To this in many cases is added a high degree of external dependence of various kinds - from management, customers, suppliers, employees, family members. The form of external influence differs depending on the specific situation or type of activity.
However, we all have a chance to better manage our time within the given. Knowing that time is being used correctly has a positive effect on our lives. This thesis becomes important if we keep in mind time not in the short term, but in the long term. Then the thought of one of the authoritative specialists in the organization of working time from the USA, Alain Lakein, becomes clear: “He who slips time out of his hands misses life: he who holds his time in his hands holds his life in his hands.” From this, Lacaine concludes: “Time wasted is life wasted; used time is a fulfilling life.”
If we want to use self-management effectively in practice, then it is not enough just to learn the necessary rules for this and be guided by promising concepts of self-organization. First of all, it is necessary to self-critically analyze the models of one's own behavior. Certain attitudes and habits that have been formed over the years will have to be seriously rethought. Only those who are fundamentally ready to define their own behavior in a new way will be able to achieve effective self-organization with the help of techniques and methods of time planning.
Success Factor 3: Optimal Use of Information
The growing role of information and the expanding opportunities for its optimal use and generalization in all areas have fundamentally changed all activities in our society. Today, information on any field of knowledge can be obtained much faster and easier than ever before. Such easy access to the accumulated information and scientific data leads to a fundamental change in the entire learning process. The computer, with its enormous power and ever-improving software, opens up previously unknown horizons of new learning opportunities that should be taken advantage of.
Of particular importance is the ability of a person to learn. Studies show that learning is not limited to any particular age, and the brain is comparable to a muscle that needs constant exercise. It has been proven that older people who maintain "mental shape" have better brain function than their relatively younger counterparts who stopped mental training after graduation.
Developed thinking is valued more and more today. In one of the issues of Megatrends aktuelle, its publisher J. Nasbitt argues that in a dynamic professional world, the most important qualities are thinking skills and the ability to conduct a dialogue, and knowing how to learn will be useful to employees in the future much more than special knowledge . It is impossible not to recognize the validity of such a statement.
Success Factor 4: Positive Self-Motivation and Use of Ability
As a rule, we use only a tiny percentage of our mental capabilities. Knowledge remains unclaimed until someone creates the prerequisites for its use. It is necessary that each individual does not abandon attempts to realize his abilities and apply them in practice. To use your own abilities, you must first of all want it.
The ability to use one's own abilities involves an analysis of one's gifts and weaknesses. In doing so, special attention should be paid to strengths. Many people have solid knowledge and skills. However, due to the lack of internal motivation, readiness to act, these resources are not used, and in fact the personal attitude to the task, no less than knowledge, determines the final result.
The need for work inherent in all people can be considered the central motive and the main incentive for activity. Its very result depends on the individual, her abilities and the work situation in which she is. Achievement, as a result of efforts to receive fair pay, is an essential component of satisfaction. Only when ideas about values are balanced does a pronounced desire to work appear and effective use human abilities.
Success Factor 5: Effective Communication System
Successful people are specialists in effective communication. They seek contact, show initiative, motivate themselves and others. Effective communication is impossible if everything revolves around one's self. On the other hand, a positive attitude towards one's own personality is an important basis for creating relationships. It is often necessary to inspire determination in yourself and others. Encouraging, persuasive speech is an important component of such a positive attitude towards oneself. Communication takes place both in verbal and non-verbal areas, expressed through the language of the word and body language, in particular, gestures, facial expressions, glances, etc. During negotiations and meetings, it is especially important to pay attention to the signals given by our partner in the language body, since the external image of its behavior is of decisive importance for our perception.
Success factor 6: orientation in the external environment
The question here is primarily about how, striving for one's goal, to contribute to the good of others - for significant deeds are always performed in the name of others. In order to offer society the best possible results, you must yourself be in an optimal state of readiness. This refers to such success factors as contact, mastery of the art of negotiation, self-confidence. Success is guaranteed if we constantly think about how to offer our environment the greatest possible benefit. Consistently increasing the return for others, we automatically increase our own personal indicators as well.
The sphere of orientation in the external environment also includes human behavior, which has been tried to be analyzed and controlled since the late 1960s. Human behavior is the optimization of his life opportunities in a given environment. Through a precise study of social ties, many researchers have found common points among seemingly arbitrary patterns of human behavior and thereby created a clear and useful description analysis of human behavior in relation to others. The knowledge of one's own personality and the simultaneous penetration into the feelings and sensations of others can be facilitated by using knowledge of human behavior obtained by analyzing the ways of communication.
The systems for achieving personal success described in the literature and proposed for practical development deserve the most serious attention. In each case, it is recommended to choose those methods that correspond to the inner mood and are consistent with the personal perception of the world. Only in this way can internal identification be achieved as a prerequisite for the successful application of scientific findings. This is expressed by Edward de Bono in his bestseller "Success - by chance, intuition or planning?" He draws attention to the following:
1. To achieve success, there are a variety of manifestations of the working style. For those who have always felt that their personal work style is not a success style in the usual sense, this should be an incentive for self-development.
2. You should try to define your own working style as accurately as possible and use it as a guide when making decisions, making plans, having to make a choice. First of all, you need to think about whether this or that suits your style.
3. You should be aware of the shortcomings of your working style, but do not be embarrassed by them and do not allow yourself to use them as an excuse. It is better to try to develop the strengths and advantages of your working style instead of reworking it.
On the basis of numerous concepts dedicated to achieving success, everyone can develop their own strategy that suits their individual needs. Of course, the numerous methods and principles for achieving success cannot be mechanically generalized to everyone, but it is clear that there are a number of universal criteria that people who achieve success meet. You can learn a lot from other people's ideas, behaviors and knowledge, making them an integral part of your being. Some human aspects can be improved by going deeper into oneself without manipulating one's personality. You must always remember about your own qualities worthy of development and improvement.
How successful our life is, depends entirely and exclusively on us. It is not the circumstances, not the people around us, or any other factors that determine our life, but only ourselves with our thoughts and ideas about ourselves. Our life and its future are in our hands, and it is extremely important to realize that only we ourselves can influence our own success.
Crowded file cabinets, endless notes with notes about planned tasks, a diary cracked to the spine. Lots of demands, expectations and responsibilities and a minimum of pleasure and joy. Many people are familiar with this vicious circle of haste, stress and constant disappointment. Meanwhile, other things that are at least as important as those that we do most of our daily lives, and sometimes even our free time, are completely blocked.
Main areas of life
We can divide our life into four main areas: contacts - body - work - meaning (Fig. 2). For many people, one of the areas of life, such as work, is in the foreground. However, the chronic one-sided preference for any one area of life inevitably leads to problems in other areas, no less important. This, in turn, negatively affects the results of work: in the end, “more” turns into “less”. Preponderance in the sphere of "work" leads to psychosomatic disorders, conflicts in the family and in private relationships, and can develop up to a crisis of meaning. “When I was in intensive care after suffering a heart attack, it finally became clear to me that I had brought myself to complete exhaustion with my work,” (49-year-old head of sales).
What do most people aspire to and what do only a few achieve? The answer is obvious: balance and optimal life rhythm in accordance with the individual characteristics of each. You should not mathematically accurately calculate the life balance by dividing one hundred percent by the number of life spheres and getting four parts,
each of which is equal to 25%. A personal balance that satisfies a particular person and takes into account the four areas of life is perceived differently by each person. It doesn't matter how much time you personally devote to each area. In any case, time and energy must be calculated in such a way that it gives you a sense of satisfaction.
Fig.2. Balance of vital spheres
Satisfaction occurs when all four areas of life: work, relationships / family, health and the meaning of life are in reasonable harmony. If there is no such balance, then in some of the directions there is a tangible preponderance of forces and energy. In this case, the collapse of the harmonious state is practically programmed.
It is normal if the percentage ratio between the spheres reveals a clear preponderance in favor of any one sphere. In the “achievement/work” area, the mark often reaches 70%. This is understandable, since most of the people are in the phase of labor activity. The sphere "meaning" in most cases is in percentage terms lower than others (from five to ten percent, if not less). Let's think about how important this area is. It is known how much can be achieved in life if there is a certain meaning behind all actions.
Equal attitude to all your actions and equal planning, taking into account all areas of life, is the beginning of a healthy life balance. However, in practice, most of us are set up so that only professional tasks are considered the only ones that are important and worthy of being given time to them. Playing with children, time for deepening education or hobbies, an hour or two for oneself or for communication with a partner, friends or relatives sometimes do not find a place in our plans. In everyday life, we allocate for these important activities the time that remains from our professional activities. Thus, we misprioritize. And this is where the key lies: we must be willing to make room in our plan for all areas of life. Only in this case, good intentions that are often not realizable will enter into it. In everything we do, we must not forget to monitor the balance of all active factors involved in our activities. Only if our life is balanced can we calmly accept all the challenges of the outside world and steadily approach our goals.
All spheres of life should always be kept in view. Violation of the vital balance often proceeds gradually and imperceptibly. One should never lose sight of one's vital areas and inspect them regularly. Ask yourself more often what is really important to you, remember that maintaining the right balance directly affects your well-being. After all, the feeling of satisfaction is a consequence of inner balance.
Constantly keep an eye on the four areas of life and note which one has been particularly affected recently. What can you brag about? Make regular plans for each of the areas of life listed above. By doing this, you can not only bring harmony to certain areas of life, but also get closer to achieving a great life goal. After all, all other spheres at this time will be in a state of balance. Therefore, you should always try to maintain a holistic view of life. This is the only way to meaningfully and correctly plan the future.
Right balance and state of satisfaction
Life balance implies a state of satisfaction. All methods of effective time management and self-management, all recommendations are aimed at achieving the right life balance. We strive to ensure that all of our most important areas of life - work and achievements, family and connections, meaning and values, body and health are in a healthy balance.
Life balance is primarily a matter of the quality of our life. Whatever we strive for in our lives, all our aspirations are aimed at satisfying our inner needs. What are these needs, the satisfaction of which keeps our spirit healthy and brings us closer to achieving the desired balance of life? What fills us with happiness and satisfaction and, on the contrary, provokes stress if our actions deviate from the right path?
Many psychologists have thought about the nature and function of our inner needs. Thus, Abraham Maslow describes the five basic human needs. The pyramid of needs he built (Fig. 3), in which each next need begins to demand its satisfaction after the previous one is satisfied, is now very popular. It is undeniable that these five basic needs really motivate all our actions:
1) physiological needs,
2) reliability and stability,
3) security and love,
4) recognition and respect,
5) self-realization.
Rice. 3. Maslow's pyramid of needs
First you need to satisfy physiological needs. According to Maslow, the basic physiological needs are hunger and thirst (today this can include taking care of one's own health, playing sports and rest). The sins that a person commits in satisfying these needs can only be atoned for by considerable effort.
Next comes the need for reliability and stability. Nowadays, people often devote themselves completely to work in order to create a reliable material base for themselves and their families. Try to look at your professional career with an open mind, while keeping in mind the hierarchy of needs. On the one hand, the desire for professional growth is worthy of respect, but on the other hand, the condition for this growth is often the satisfaction of other needs.
Security and love should be sought in interpersonal relationships, regardless of their kind and nature. The decisive moment in our relationship with another person is our desire to be loved and to receive recognition. By communicating with other people, we, among other things, develop our own identity.
It is known what a motivating value recognition from other people has. At the heart of this need is our desire to receive respect for others. At the same time, we want to be respected for the qualities we already have, and not for what other people want from us. To do this, it is important for us to know our own strengths and weaknesses. Using respect and recognition from other people, we begin to respect and love ourselves. And this is what we need for a happy life.
Maslow places the need for self-actualization at the top of his pyramid. Anyone who feels this need in himself seeks to reveal his potential in various areas of his life. This motive contributes to the final achievement of life balance. The realization of our own capabilities allows us to live, remaining ourselves, and as a result leads to the establishment of the correct life balance.
Finding yourself is our main goal. Therefore, seek to better know the various aspects of your self: I-recognition (work), I-relationship (private contacts), I-relaxation (body and health) and I-spirituality (meaning and values).
FEDERAL STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
"SIBERIAN ACADEMY OF PUBLIC SERVICE"
INSTITUTE FOR RETRAINING SPECIALISTS
HR MANAGEMENT
(department)
SELF-MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY
(discipline)
Written control task
for students and trainees of distance learning
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Student |
__ Meskaya Ekaterina Vasilievna _______ |
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Group |
____№08428___________________________ |
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date |
____14.03.2010_________________________ |
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Signature |
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Teacher |
______________________________________ |
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date |
______________________________________ |
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Grade |
______________________________________ |
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Signature |
______________________________________ |
Novosibirsk 2010
Introduction
1 .Main part
1.1 Self-management from the standpoint of theoretical approaches
1.2.Functions, goals, tasks of self-management
1.4 Stages of mastering the technology of self-management
Conclusion
Bibliography
Introduction
Managing an organization in our dynamic time is a complex job that cannot be done successfully with simple, dry, memorized formulas. The leader must combine an understanding of general truths and the significance of the many variations that make situations different from one another. The manager must understand and take into account the critical factors or components of organizations (internal variables), as well as the forces affecting the organization from outside (external variables), and also take into account the impact of the organization on society.
The point of view has become widespread that there is a management process applicable to any organization, which consists in the implementation of the functions that each manager should perform.
The strength of modern management, its core, lies, on the one hand, in the fact that it originates from a person, his needs and goals, from the transformation of knowledge, experience and achievements of scientific and technological progress into a productive force. On the other hand, the driving force of modern management, both visible and invisible, lies in the creative application of information technology. A systematic approach in self-management helps to explain new results and emerging contradictions; reveal complex systemic foundations in their formation and development; transcend the limits of narrow psychological consideration. In a systematic approach, the essence of self-management is that, on the one hand, it is a function of a self-organized system, and on the other hand, it is a system-forming factor in mental and socio-psychological processes. With the help of self-management, through the phenomena of interaction and relationships, the interconnections of the main and socio-psychological phenomena, personality and team, personality and activity, team and activity are realized and revealed. A systems approach helps to identify the reasons for making ineffective decisions, it also provides tools and techniques for improving planning and control.
Self-management can also be viewed from the standpoint of self-regulation. Self-regulation aims to bring oneself back to normal, to a normal state, to maintain, including automatically, constancy or change in the required order, either at the initiative of the manager himself or of an adaptive type, which essentially boils down to a simple adaptation to the existing environment. Behavior and activity is a manifestation of consciously voluntary self-regulation. Mental self-regulation is included in almost any system related to the management of human capabilities and resources. This regulation of mental activity affects in a conscious and unconscious form all the processes and reactions of the body, including those that are beyond the control of consciousness. The peculiarity of personal self-regulation is that this process is carried out simultaneously with the social regulation of the individual by society. Management, regulation, and self-regulation are aimed at stabilizing, maintaining the system, and are ordering influences. Social processes are streamlined not only with the help of regulators from the outside, but also thanks to self-regulation, self-management.
1.Main part
1.1 Self-management from the standpoint of theoretical approaches
Management influence has a subject and an object of influence. The leader, mastering the psycho-technologies of self-management, influences the environment: energy, information, matter, changes time and space. The leader, managing himself, influences the systems that are in interaction with him. An employee with his complex motivation and behavior is a backbone resource element of an enterprise. An individual is a non-deterministic system with multidimensional parameters, structure complexity and complexity of the description language, multi-purpose orientation of behavior, non-linearity, in which everything is decided by the uncertainty factor. The uncertainty factor is characteristic of many leaders, civil servants, and it is associated not only with the parameter of the external environment, but also with the internal state of the system. The properties inherent in the leader, as a non-deterministic system, which are in development, do not lend themselves to full analysis. The openness of the anthropogenic system causes a state of non-equilibrium in it. The importance of a systems approach lies in the fact that managers can more easily align their specific work with the work of the organization and the whole if they understand the system and their role in it. This is especially important for the CEO, because the systems approach encourages him to maintain the necessary balance between the needs of individual departments and the goals of the entire organization. It makes him think about the flow of information going through the whole system and also emphasizes the importance of communications. Systems thinking not only contributed to the development of new ideas about the organization (in particular, special attention was paid to the integrated nature of the enterprise, as well as the paramount importance and importance of information systems), but also provided the development of useful mathematical tools and techniques that greatly facilitate managerial decision-making, the use of more advanced planning and control systems. Self-regulation of behavior provides immanent self-regulation of consciousness, the presence of self-consciousness.
1.2 Functions, goals, tasks of self-management
Self-management is the consistent and purposeful use of proven methods of work in daily practice in order to make optimal and meaningful use of one's time. Self-management, and more correctly self-management - independence and personal management of oneself. Effective self-government is connected both with human nature and organization, social management. Role, place in the structure, scale of participation, resource intensity of relations, etc. each entity is determined by self-management, temporarily provided and controlled. The task of self-management is the implementation of optimal activities, including professional ones, which include self-assessment, self-control, drawing up a program of actions, technologies, providing new characteristics of the manager’s personality, etc. The main goal of self-management is to maximize one’s own capabilities, consciously manage the course life (self-determination) and overcome external circumstances, both at work and in personal life. Every person in general, and in particular those who are preparing themselves for the work of an organizer-manager or are already such, first of all, need to be able to turn a situation, which is characterized by disorderly actions due to external circumstances, into a situation of directed and feasible tasks. Even when different tasks fall on you from all sides and the work is downright overwhelmed, thanks to consistent time planning and the use of methods of scientific organization of labor, it is possible to better carry out your activities every day, allocating a reserve of time (including for leisure) for really leadership roles. Many managers are too process oriented rather than results oriented.
1.3 Results of effective self-management
Mistakes of leaders who underestimate self-management:
Doing the right thing instead of doing the right thing;
Solve problems instead of offering creative alternatives;
Save money instead of optimizing its use;
Doing duty instead of achieving results;
Reduce costs instead of increasing profits.
Effective self-management will allow the manager to:
Perform work with less stress;
It is better to organize your personal work;
Get better results of work;
Be less busy with work;
To make fewer mistakes in the performance of their functions;
Get job satisfaction;
To allow less haste, reducing stress overload;
Improve your qualifications;
To achieve the best results of work;
Achieve professional and life goals in the shortest possible way.
1.4 Stages of mastering the technology of self-management
Self-management is an independent implementation of a figurative and conceptual program, a technology created by a leader. This is a process, the purpose of which is the formation of appropriate states, personality traits, attitudes towards the world around. There are several stages in this process. The first stage is self-knowledge. This process is the main one for self-development and self-realization of an individual. The main difficulty in the process of self-knowledge is the overcoming of subjectivity in the mental and social terms. Separating oneself into a subject and an object of knowledge requires an employee to have a high level of psychological culture, developed qualities of the psyche (will, thinking, emotions), the ability to introspection, self-esteem and possession of self-control and self-regulation techniques. The purpose of self-knowledge is to identify the possibilities of self-development and self-realization in accordance with reality. The tasks determine the inclusion of self-observation, self-diagnosis, and experiment in the process of self-knowledge. The study of the capabilities and individual psychological characteristics of employees is a necessary condition not only for the development and self-development of professionalism, but also for preparing employees for mastering self-management technologies. The second stage is self-development. In socio-psychological conditions, self-development is a conscious change, a conscious desire of a person to preserve individuality, and the direction and means of change are determined by him. Self-development is aimed at the reproduction and development of a person's ability to self-improve in the process of learning, self-learning and readiness for effective activity. Third stage - work over shortened time. Temporal parameters largely affect the real possibilities and potential reserves of a person's mental development as a subject of cognition, activity, and communication. The functional integrity of the leader largely depends on how effectively the processes of receiving and processing information proceed, with the help of which the leader displays the world and his own states. To implement the decision taken, the leader requires responsibility, a sense of duty, discipline, self-control, and will. Self-control should accompany all stages of self-management: from setting a goal to implementing the decision.
After passing the "Analysis of my limitations" test, he showed, according to the data, that the degree of development of my abilities and skills is average. Makes an approximate average score of 65-68. The "Are You Physically Healthy" test showed that I am quite active and have a reasonable approach to keeping fit. My score was 12 points. The Rational Nutrition test showed that I have a fairly strong will; that I can follow a healthy and balanced diet. My score was 70 points. Having passed the test “Does a person's health correspond to the profession of a manager”, he showed that my score is 15. Judging by the final test data, my main character traits are calmness and balance. I also need to not pay attention to the little things, and not to dramatize my failures. I think that I need to work on myself, since I have shortcomings, I need to be less nervous at work, teach myself to relax, sometimes relieve stress. And also I think that, since the work is sedentary, during breaks it is more often to walk around the office, but it is better to do a little gymnastics. Airing the office more often and drinking green tea is good for health and also increases mental alertness. I have a lot of disadvantages, I am very shy, and at work when I have some idea, I am afraid to say it, although maybe the management would like it. I read few books, I don't attend trainings at all. Sometimes I leave work for Monday when it could be done on Friday. We can draw the following conclusions: I need to be more self-confident, there was an internal motivation for professional activity; to form skills and qualities that I do not have, I need to develop the existing positive qualities, eliminate my shortcomings. 3.4 Personal growth program, ways and means of its implementation.
I made up the program of my personal growth on the basis of comparing my qualities, knowledge, skills, abilities with the requirements that are contained in my ideal.
Based on my immediate goals, I determined the tasks of self-improvement and the ways and means of their implementation.
1. Tasks Ways and means of self-improvement of implementation
A) To form willpower: Clearly and clearly realize the goal and strive to achieve it.
B) Learn to find ways to perform volitional actions, motivate them.
C) overcome internal obstacles.
D) Overcome external obstacles. More often rely on the facts of biographies, book characters, which are an example of patience, endurance, willpower.
2. Develop perseverance, keep a diary of personal growth; Learn to organize your organization. Work: plan your day, be able to control yourself, master the skills of working with literature, use your free time rationally.
3. Develop memory: take a close look at a familiar and attentive object, then close your eyes, figuratively, vividly, present it in all its details.
Try to get a good look at the thrown and falling object. Then, describe it as accurately as possible.
4. Develop tolerance
5. Learn to: observe yourself. Determine, control what emotional manifestations of emotions and feelings are typical for me; think about actions.
To allow emotions to splash out, not to drive it deep, but to react. This is a secular method that allows you to maintain your physical and mental health.
In the course of my practical work, I did exercises to develop attention, to develop visual memory. Indeed, if you try to do these exercises every day, then attention and visual memory increase, I really liked it. If I used to read, and sometimes I didn’t remember what I read, then after the exercises that I did repeatedly, my memory improved much, and attention became more developed. At work, I began to absorb new information much faster. I got 16 points on the “How well do you do your job” test. I try to master my time, but I'm not always consistent enough to be successful.
K1= 34*1760=59840; K2=34*660=22440; K3=34*1740=59160
K=141440 is my total time capital (in hours). Sometimes I postpone the decision of the problem until tomorrow, when it was possible to do it today. To avoid this problem, I just need to state the problem in writing, determine the purpose of the problem. Sometimes I want to do everything at once, and therefore I get nervous that I don’t have time, I think these are my 2 biggest minuses that need to be corrected.
Time Management Matrix.
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Critical situations (there are, but very rarely) Urgent problems (very often such problems arise: for example, at my job, I work in the courier service of the senior manager and when the client calls, he asks to urgently find out information about the delivery of the goods, since there are very urgent documents. I have to leave all the work I have started and request information or call all branches). Projects with a "burning" deadline (I don't have this at all, everything is done on time) |
Not urgent Preventive actions, maintenance of personal resources and funds (we hold events, seminars and small trainings to increase sales, expand knowledge and skills through reading, and continuous professional development) Building connections (I often hold important meetings with clients) Looking for new opportunities (rare) Planning (I set plans for the month, for example: we have sales plans at work, and we must fulfill them, respectively, we set ourselves a task and a goal) Recuperation (after work, rest) |
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Distractions, some phone calls(at my job you have to always pick up the phone, as customers are constantly calling about orders) Some correspondence, some messages (messages are also very important for me, especially by mail, they either send a full report on deliveries, or a request that you need to clarify the address of the recipient) Some meetings (does not happen) Upcoming urgent matters (very rare) Common activities (none) |
Little things that take time (very rare) Correspondence (they only bring letters from the post office, mainly an act of work performed, I spend a maximum of 1 minute) Calls (I answer constantly, depending on how many orders) Waste of time (it happens when there is no work, I sit playing on the computer) Idle pastime (very rare) |
In my opinion, I am more suited to Quadrant 2. I spend more time on work that belongs to this Quadrant. The main problem is that I try to do too much work at once and distribute my forces into separate, often insignificant, but seemingly necessary things. In my opinion, you need to plan the use of limited time to achieve your goals. I should strive to ensure that, having time to solve many different current issues during the working day, for a certain time to be engaged in only one single task, always to complete only one thing at a time, but consistently and purposefully. At the end of the working day, it is necessary to monitor and reflect not only the achievement of goals, but also the personal situation. Rules for the organization of the working day. I believe these are the main ones:
Rules for starting the working day: start the day in a good mood; start work at the same time whenever possible; rechecking the plan of the day drawn up the day before; first - key tasks; in the morning doing complex and important things; coordinating the plan of the day with the secretary.
Rules for the main part of the working day: good preparation for work; impact on fixing the deadlines for the completion of work; rejection of additional problems that arise; timely pauses, measured pace of work; rational completion of the work begun; maximum use of time; making time for yourself.
Rules for completing the working day: completion of the undone; control over results and self-control; making a plan for the next day; home - always in a good mood.
Conclusion
Getting along with people is management; getting along with time is self-management. Moreover, the quality of the latter determines the effectiveness of the former. Self-management is a way of organizing life. It cannot be perceived as an elementary set of certain rules, fixed by worldly wisdom in proverbs and sayings. It proceeds from the fact of the uniqueness of individual life. Built on pluralistic value systems, self-management is also closely related to the religious way of organizing life, especially in terms of finding new opportunities, strengthening the spirit and will, taming inadequate desires, and enriching life ideas. The development of the manager's personality in self-management is the most important problem of methodological significance. Self-management involves a leading reflection of reality. It is characterized by management by weak signals, orientation to strategic surprises. Self-management is not limited to internal processes, it includes the design of the external social environment in the interests of the subject of management. Self-management refers to the consistent and expedient use of proven methods of work in daily practice, in order to optimally and meaningfully use one's time. Time management is a very personal thing. From the dozens of suggested tips, we must select only those that are right for you and make them work for us. Learning to manage time is not a task for a weak person. The peculiarity of the modern view of the leader as the leader of the team is that he is seen as the bearer of an innovative organizational culture, as the main initiator of consistent changes in the organization. The most important features of a modern leader: professionalism, the ability to lead a team,
the desire to create and maintain a good psychological climate is impossible without work on oneself, without self-management. To implement the decision taken, the leader requires responsibility, a sense of duty, discipline, self-control, and will. Self-control should accompany all stages of self-management: from setting a goal to implementing the decision. In this case, the effective flow of its processes and the achievement of the initially set goals are possible. Every minute looking into your e-mail box, the paper press, which is of no use, ICQ, chats, various kinds of “classmates”, smoke breaks every half hour - this is not a complete list of bad habits in which we often “get bogged down”, forgetting about the goal, which we are striving for. By paying attention to all these “time wasters”, we simply exchange our own lives. Each of us has our own circle of constant communication, which we call friends. Very often this circle tries to influence us, especially if we have any successes or positive ideas. In 4 out of 5 such cases, the environment reacts unambiguously: “Who do you think you are?”, “You won’t succeed”, etc. To achieve your dreams, it is very important to surround yourself with positive people who are eager to act!!!
Bibliography
1. Maslow A. Motivation and personality. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2003. - 352 p.
2. Milner B.Z. Organization theory. M.: INFRA-M, 1999.- 336 p.
3. Human psychology from birth to death. St. Petersburg: Prime EUROZNAK,
4. Shipunov V.G., Kishkel E.N. Fundamentals of management activities. M.:
Meaning, 2000. - 359 p.
5. Udaltsova M.V. Sociology of management. M.: INFRA-M, Novosibirsk:
NGAEiU, 1998. - 144 p.
6. Khrolenko A.T. Self-management M.: "Economics", 1996. - 139 p.
7. Tsypkin.A., Lyukshinov A.N., Eriashvili N.D. Management: NT-DIANA,
2001. - 439 p.
self-management and the formation of the image of the head on the example of the Gymnasium of Foreign Languages
Abstract >> ManagementPurposes and functions self-management…………………. Concepts self-management……………………………………… The components of effective self-management…………………... 2. Analysis self-management and systems ... the implementation of which is formed block technologies self-management. Unlike them...
self-management manager (3)
Abstract >> ManagementTime. 1. self-management in the control system self-management, goals and functions self-management is ... invisible, lies in the creative application of information technologies. self-management, and more correctly self-management - ...
Content self-management leader
Abstract >> ManagementAnd the invisible lies in the creative application of information technologies. self-management, and more correctly self-management - ... entities are determined self-management, temporarily provided and controlled. aim self-management
Since no one knows your problems in terms of work organization better than you, you should start practicing active self-management right now. First of all, analyze in a thesis order your "sinkers" of time and find ways to eliminate them.
Supplement the list after working through individual chapters.
0.4. Self-management functions (“Circle of Rules”)
The daily solution of various kinds of tasks and problems can be represented as a number of different functions that are in a certain interdependence with each other and, as a rule, are carried out in a certain sequence.
Such a process of self-management can be presented as a kind of “Circle of Rules”, which clearly demonstrates the connections between individual functions of self-management.
The outer circle represents the following six functions:
1. Goal setting.
Analysis and formation of personal goals.
2. Planning.
Development of plans and alternative options for their activities.
3. Making decisions.
Making decisions on future cases.
4. Implementation and organization.
Drawing up a daily routine and organizing a personal labor process in order to implement the tasks.
5. Control.
Self-control and control of results (if necessary - adjustment of goals). The complementary function is located in the inner circle.
6. Information and communications.
To a certain extent, other functions “revolve” around this function, since communications as an exchange of information are necessary in all phases of the self-management process.
Self-management - Circle of rules.
Separate functions do not follow strictly one after the other, as it is presented in our model, but are intertwined in many ways. However, the didactic, chapter-by-chapter presentation of the material in this book reveals the working techniques and methods related to each of the functions of self-management, as well as the possibilities for their application.
Self-management technique
function-head | Working techniques, methods | Reachable | result |
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(savings in time due to...) |
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staging | Definition | Motivation, | elimination | |||||||
situational analysis, targeted | ||||||||||
strategies and methods to achieve | recognition | benefits |
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success, goal setting | concentration | |||||||||
places, fixing deadlines and |
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next steps | ||||||||||
planning, | Preparation | implementation | ||||||||
Planning | monthly | planning, | optimal | distribution | ||||||
ten-day | planning, | usage | ||||||||
planning | days, principles | reduction of execution time |
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temporary management, | ||||||||||
management | ||||||||||
time diary | ||||||||||
Adoption | Installation | priorities | Leading | |||||||
Pareto principle (ratio | organization | |||||||||
80:20), ABC -analysis, principle | priority | |||||||||
Eisenhower | delegation of affairs | vital | ||||||||
(reassignment) | streamlining | |||||||||
5. Control | control | process |
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work (comparison of design with |
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result), | control |
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(control |
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achievements | delivered |
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intermediate |
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results), | |||
elapsed day (self-control) |
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6. Information | Rational | ||
And rational meeting,
importance, getting rid of the "tyranny" of urgency, productivity of labor costs
Applying self-management, focusing on significant tasks, using peak performance, taking into account periodic fluctuations, developing an individual working style
Ensuring planned results, a positive impact on the course of life
Fast reading, better organization of meetings and conferences, setting aside time for interviews, blocking out possible interference, less “paper war”
0.5. Purpose of this book
Let's hope that you have done the "self-management test", familiarized yourself with the alternatives and problems of time inventory and, perhaps, "skimmed through" the 50 questions of the "Time Waste Analysis" questionnaire with your eyes. The result should be like this:
You can really improve your self-management if you want to!
Most of the techniques and methods we offer in this book are already familiar to you. New for you will surely be a compact and systematic presentation of them. However, the problem of all the described working methods is different - in their consistent and long-term implementation into practice.
What the author of this book would not want is for you to put the book aside after reading it, start working with one method or another and, after some time, have to admit that good intentions are bogged down in the daily bustle.
If so, then the author would be happy to conclude an agreement and a contract with you for the use - as a computer manufacturer, mastering the market for computer equipment and programs of its production. The computer manufacturer also does not want the equipment bought from it to stand idle.
If you do not want to enter into a contract while reading this book, then you are in danger of outwitting yourself again by not taking responsibility for changing (read: improving) your working methods and your way of doing business after reading this book and not trying to put into practice her advice, as well as receiving negative confirmation like this: “It doesn’t work (again) with these techniques and this self-management. I should have seen it right away!”
Then you can use this "inconvenient" book as you like, for example, as a decoration for your bookcase (the money paid for the book, unfortunately, is non-refundable).
This is not really a handy book to read, but a work book that requires you to be intensely collaborative and fully prepared to critically review and change your previous style of work and your time management technique. “But the sheepskin is worth the candle!”
Ask yourself again: What did I really want when I bought this book? What can I do to achieve this result?
What did I do in such cases (reading specialized literature, attending seminars, etc.) so that little or nothing came of the whole thing (for example, a new way of leadership)? How did I deceive myself?
How did I feel after that? What did I experience? What would I like to change this time to reach my goal?
1 . What would I really like to achieve? (to be as specific as possible)
2. What do I want to do for this? (time and willing to spend)
3. When do I want to start it?
4. How long am I willing to try?
5. How often am I willing to work on my daily self-management? (e.g. every day)
6. Who would I like to involve in this case if possible?
7. How can I possibly deceive myself so as not to fulfill the contract?
8. What external difficulties can be expected? (e.g. "race" in the service)
9. Date of the first examination for the fulfillment of the terms of the contract (via 1-2 weeks)
Ask yourself the following questions.