When checking and adjusting the central gear, the following is done:
1. Preparatory work
Clean the transmission of dust and dirt. Drain transmission oil. Flush the inside of the housing with diesel fuel.
2. Checking and adjusting the clearance in the bearing 7205 of the drive bevel gear shaft.
Move the drive bevel gear with a crowbar, and at the same time, the normal axial movement should not exceed 0.1 mm (measured with an indicator) and, if necessary, adjust. Disconnect the main and additional gearboxes. Unscrew the lock nut on the front end of the drive bevel gear shaft (Fig.4-5). While tightening the adjusting nut, turn the drive bevel gear by hand until noticeable resistance is felt. Lock the nut.
3. Checking and adjusting the clearance in the bearings 7306 of the central gear shaft.
Rest the indicator leg against the end face of the crown of the driven bevel gear. Moving the driven bevel gear with a crowbar to the left and right, the redistribution of the arrow span is observed. Normal axial movement should not exceed 0.15mm and be adjusted if necessary. By turning the driven bevel gear, add or decrease the bearing shims 7306 installed on the two ends of the central gear shaft until noticeable resistance is felt (Fig. 4-6).
4. Checking the imprint of gear engagement.
When checking, pay special attention to
Table 4-1
4.3. Brake adjustment
4.3.1. Pedal free play adjustment.
Normal gap between brake shoe and the drum is 0.5-0.7mm, which corresponds to a pedal free play of 30-40mm (Fig.4-8).
When adjusting the free travel of the pedal, lower the lock nuts 2 (Fig.4-8,4-9) of the brake rod, screwing (if the pedal travel needs to be reduced) or unscrewing (if the pedal travel needs to be increased) the rod into the adjusting fork, sets the required pedal travel ( Fig.4-10). And tighten the lock nuts.
Fig.4-8 Brake pedal free travel adjustment:
1,4-levers; 2- locknuts; 3-sleeve.
4.3.2. Checking and adjusting the left and right brakes. The braking performance of both brakes must be the same. Otherwise, emergency braking during high-speed traffic may cause an accident due to uneven braking.
Slip track difference rear wheels should not exceed 400 mm during emergency braking of the tractor at high speed on a horizontal section of the road. Adjust if necessary.
When adjusting, it is expedient to achieve simultaneous braking by increasing the gap of the brake having better braking efficiency, rather than reducing the gap of the brake with poorer efficiency.
4.4 Adjusting the front axle and steering
4.4.1. Front axle adjustment
The most characteristic deviations from normal operation running system- wobbling and vibrations of the wheels. Possible reasons: Bearing misalignment due to worn tapered roller bearings. Therefore, it is necessary to periodically check and adjust the clearance in the bearings.
When adjusting from the raised front wheels, unscrew three bolts, remove the wheel hub cap, tighten the bearings, and then loosen the castellated nut by 1/16 - 1/8 of a turn so that the axial clearance of the bearings is within 0.1-0.2 mm. When the wheel is turned by hand, it turns easily and without noticeable wobbling. Fasten the slotted nut and replace the cap.
4.4.2. Adjustment of a convergence of forward wheels.
Toe-in is defined as a kind of distance between the wheels in front and behind at the level of their centers. The normal value of tractor convergence is 4~12mm.
During operation of the tractor, the amount of convergence of the front wheels changes. Untimely check and adjustment of toe-in can lead to wheel influence and oscillation, and consequently, difficulty in steering control and increased wear of tire treads.
Fig.4-11 Adjusting convergencea.
Rear wheel spacing b. Distance between wheels in front
Toe-in is adjusted by changing the length of the tie rod.
4.3. steering wheel free play adjustment.
Tractor free wheeling 15? -20? and should not exceed 30?.
If the free play of the relay wheel exceeds the allowable one, it is necessary to determine the malfunction of the mechanisms included in steering and adjust them.
4.4.3.1. Ball joint adjustment.
Replace the trunnion, or socket and cap, when the gap formed due to heavy wear is too large and cannot be compensated by the action of the springs.
4.4.3.2. Adjusting the axial clearance of the rotary shaft (Fig.4-12)
Fig.4-12 Steering:
1- steering wheel; 2- steering shaft; 3- top cover; 4- gasket; 5- steering housing; 6- worm rotary; 7- bottom cover; 8- bipod steering; 9- worm sector; 10- fastening bolt; 11- side cover; 12- lock gasket; 13 adjusting gaskets; 14-sleeve of the regulating core; 15 - dust cover.
5.1. The electrical equipment of the Xingtai-200/220 tractor consists of a battery, a generator, a starting motor, a relay-regulator, etc. The tractor has two headlights, one rear headlight, front pointer turn signal, two rear brake lights and a turn signal (Figure 5-1).
5.2. The electrical equipment of the Xingtai-120 tractor consists of a generator, two front and one rear lights (Fig. 5-2).
Fig.5-1 Electrical equipment diagram:
1- accumulator battery; 2- front headlight; 3- direction indicator; 4-generator; 5- starter; 6- fuse; 7- current indicator; 8- sound signal switch; 9 - switch; 10- relay-regulator; 11- rear headlight; 12- socket; 13- brake light rear; 14 - brake light switch; 15- sound signal switch; 16 - turn indicator switch; 17-switch; 18 flasher.
1-headlight rear; 2- switch; 3- generator; 4- headlight front right; 5- headlight front and left.
Applications
APPENDIX 1
Attachment scheme
The dimensions of the plunger lifting mechanism are given.
APPENDIX 2
Tightening torque of the main threaded connections.
Detailed technical descriptionFig.1 MOTOR CONTROL MECHANISM
1 ENGINE CONTROL MECHANISM
Name | Designation | Quantity |
|
Ball head assembly | |||
Welded handle assembly | |||
Bolt М8х16 | |||
Bolt М8х30 | |||
Clamp clamp | |||
Bracket welded assy | |||
clamping lever | |||
Cotter pin 2x10 | |||
Connecting plug | |||
Finger B5x25 | |||
NutM12x1.25 | |||
Spring bush guide | |||
Excelerator spring pressure | |||
Disk leading | |||
In addition to the ignition system devices, a number of other electrical devices are installed on diesel wheeled tractors, which make up tractor electrical system, which are needed for scrolling crankshaft engine at start-up, unit lighting during night operation and signaling. All these devices are made and interconnected according to a single-wire circuit, in which the metal parts (mass) of the tractor are used as a second wire.
Tractor electrical equipment Belarus - scheme
Scheme of electrical equipment of tractors "Belarus" shown in Figure 65. Alternator 1 through wires 2 through switch 7 supplies voltage to the headlights 3, taillight 5, shield lamp 4 and contact bolt 6. The ignition devices of the starting engine are independent of the lighting devices and are not shown in the diagram.
Rice. 65. Wiring diagram of the electrical equipment of the tractor "Belarus":
1-generator; 2 wires; 3-headlights; 4-shield lamp; 5-rear headlight; 6 pin bolt; 7-switch.
Electrical equipment of the tractor DT-14 - diagram
Scheme of electrical equipment of tractors DT-14 shown in Figure 66. Tractor lighting and start systems are equipped with direct current devices. On tractors of the first releases, an alternating current generator was used for lighting, which was connected to the headlights in the same way as the generator of the Belarus tractor.
Rice. 66. Schematic diagram of electrical equipment and instruments of the tractor DT-14:
1 electric lamp 12V, 21sv; 2-headlight; 3-remote water thermometer; 4-fusible insert PV-20A; 5-electric lamp 12V, Zsv; 6-control lamp; 7-DC ammeter (20-0-20 A); 8-oil pressure gauge; 9-sound signal; 10-battery, 12V;
11-candle; 12-light switch; 13-magneto; 14-relay-regulator; 15 generator.
The DT-24 tractor has the same circuit diagram of electrical equipment as the DT-14 tractor.
The electrical equipment of modern mini tractors compares favorably with those discussed above, so if you want to look at, for example, the Dong Feng mini tractor, which is now very popular, take a look at agromashtrade.ru
It is hard to imagine agriculture without the use of special equipment. But most private farmers cannot afford to buy a mini tractor. On small land plots, you can get by with hand tools, but on an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 1 hectare this will not be enough. A homemade tractor is not inferior in efficiency to most factory models.
The main types of homemade tractors
Due to the high fuel consumption, weight and dimensions, the use of large and powerful tractors in a small area is inconvenient and irrational. Their manufacture requires accurate calculations, which, without engineering skills, are difficult to perform at home.
A mini-tractor is considered a multifunctional technique and is capable of processing up to 10 hectares of land. This is enough for private farming. It should be suitable not only for gardening, but also for cleaning snow, transporting goods and removing garbage. When designing your design, you should take these features into account.
There are 2 approaches to building your own tractor:
- Re-equipment of finished agricultural machinery. In the vast majority, a walk-behind tractor is used as the basis, to which a frame with an additional pair of wheels and a driver's seat is attached. This method allows you to quickly and with minimal effort to build a simple and functional tractor.
- Complete production. It is used in the absence of a base or with specific requirements for equipment. In this case, the chassis is designed and manufactured independently, and components are selected based on financial capabilities and design features.
Some enthusiasts build steam tractors. A separate boiler allows the use of almost any type of combustible fuel. This type of energy conversion was common in the 1900s. Due to low efficiency, bulky design and short power reserve steam engines cannot compete with ICE. The use of outdated technologies in agriculture is costly and used for entertainment.
Tractor manufacturing features
Home-made equipment has the most simplified scheme, and in its manufacture, components and assemblies from other equipment are used. The goal is to obtain a cheap and reliable design. Assembly requires basic tool handling skills and minimal technical knowledge.
When designing your own structure, you should use parts with minimal modifications. Spare parts should be readily available and inexpensive. A large number of homemade elements in the design will increase the cost and duration of the repair.
Performing accurate calculations of strength and loads is almost impossible at home, so the frame and other load-bearing components of the structure are made with a large margin of safety.
If you have drawings and the necessary equipment, you can make a tractor yourself in 3 months.
Preparation of drawings
Before purchasing and preparing units, it is necessary to draw up a draft of the future tractor. As a basis, you can take drawings of finished models. The spare parts that you have may differ from those declared, and it will not be difficult to change the finished design scheme. There are ready-made solutions for any modifications.
If it is not possible to use the finished project, then you need to prepare rough sketches yourself. During the assembly process, the layout of the elements may change, but you must understand how the individual nodes will be located.
Electrical equipment of the tractor T-40 designed to start the engine and work safely at night when performing transport or agricultural work. The electrical equipment is implemented on a single-wire system, in which the metal parts of the tractor (“mass”) serve as a negative wire.
The rated voltage in the tractor electrical system is 12 V. The sources of electric current are connected by negative terminals to the ground.
Electrical equipment T-40 consists of the following units and devices:
1. DC generator equipped with a relay-regulator and batteries, which are a source of electric current.
2. Starter with relay and starter switch that performs the function starting device engine.
3. Direction indicators, dimensions, rear and front lights, a ceiling lamp, a brake light, a license plate light, a signal lamp for a broken fan belt, as well as a portable lamp are used for light signaling and lighting.
4. An ammeter that displays the strength of the discharge or charging current.
5. Sound signal equipped with a switch.
6. Connection panels and wires, ground switch and fuse.
Scheme of electrical equipment of the tractor T-40 with a starter:1 - lamp-indicator of turns and dimensions; 2 - headlight; 3 - connecting panel; 4 - sound signal; 5 — cockpit cover; 6 - switch for ceiling and fan; 7 - fan; 8 - wiper; 9 - oil temperature indicator sensor; 10 - generator; 11 - glow plug; 12 - switch "mass"; 13 - battery; 14 - starter; 15 - starter relay; sixteen - control lamp direction indicators; 17 - switch direction indicators; 18 - central light switch; 19 - headlight switch; 20 - high beam control lamp; 21 - signal switch; 22 — a control lamp of the switch of "weight"; 23 - oil temperature gauge; 24 - diesel start blocking switch with the gear engaged; 25 - control element; 26 - portable lamp; 27 - portable lamp socket; 28 - additional resistance; 29 - glow plug and starter switch; 30 - current indicator; 31 - switch "stop"; 32 - taillight switch; 33 - instrument panel lighting lamps; 34 - breaker direction indicators; 35 - fuse; 36 — lamp-indicator of turns, dimensions and brake signal; 37 - taillight; 38 - socket; 39 - license plate light. Designation of wire colors on the diagram: B - white; G - blue (blue); W - yellow; Z - green; K - red; Kch - brown; F - purple; H - black. Next to the designation of the coloring, the cross section of the wires is indicated by numbers. Wire sections not indicated in the diagram 0.75 mm².
Scheme of electrical equipment of the T-40 tractor with a starting unit: 1 - lamp-indicator of turns and dimensions; 2 - headlight; 3 - connecting panel; 4 - sound signal; 5 — cockpit cover; 6 - switch for ceiling and fan; 7 - fan; 8 - wiper; 9 - oil temperature indicator sensor; 10 - generator; 11 - spark plug; 12 - glow plug; 13 - switch "mass"; 14 - battery; 15 - starter starting unit; 16 - magneto; 17— control lamp of direction indicators; 18 - switch direction indicators; 19 - central light switch; 20 - headlight switch; 21 - high beam control lamp; 22 - signal switch; 23 — a control lamp of the switch of "weight"; 24 - oil temperature gauge; 25 - switch to stop the starting unit; 26 - diesel start blocking switch with the gear engaged; 27 - control element; 28 - portable lamp; 29 - portable lamp socket; 30 - glow plug switch; 31 - additional resistance; 32 - starter switch of the starting unit; 33 - current indicator; 34 - taillight switch; 35 — a lamp of illumination of a panel of devices; 36 - breaker direction indicators; 37 - fuse; 38 - switch "stop"; 39 — lamp-indicator of turns, dimensions and brake signal; 40 - taillight; 41 - socket; 42 - license plate light. The designation of the colors of the wires in the diagram above.
The central switch is required to turn on parking lights and tractor lighting. The front lights are used to indicate the dimensions of the tractor and give turn signals, the rear lights serve as indicators of dimensions, as well as turns and a brake signal.
The headlights, together with the lamps, are mounted on a single bracket, fixed on the front beam of the tractor. The wings of the rear wheels are equipped with rear lights and reflectors that reflect light from the headlights of the vehicle behind.
To start the engine, the T-40 tractor can be equipped with a starting unit, a starter switch and a button to turn it off. There is a switch in the gearbox housing that prevents the engine from starting when the gear is engaged.