Mankind has been trying to imagine what the Earth looks like for many millennia. For clarity, people created a variety of layouts, which can be safely attributed to the globe. So when did he show up?
Many believe that people until the Middle Ages believed that they were walking on a flat planet. However, this is misleading. Back in ancient times, progressive minds boldly put forward the theory that the Earth is a ball. So, for example, thought the great scientist Pythagoras. Therefore, we can conclude that the globe appeared several thousand years ago. More precisely, two thousand years ago. The invention of the globe is attributed to a certain resident of the city of Pergamon (the territory of modern Turkey) named Crates. This is mentioned by a number of ancient historians. Unfortunately, this model of the Earth did not survive to this day.
To date, the oldest globe is the same age as the great discovery of Columbus. It was created by Behaim, a geographer from Nuremberg, Germany in 1492
year. It is truly symbolic that this globe and the discovery of America belong to the same year. Although, it is worth noting that both Americas are absent on this model. Behaim's globe is medium in size. Its diameter is just over half a meter.
Gradually, globes began to spread throughout Europe and gained some popularity. The British even invented pocket globes, the size of a billiard ball. A characteristic feature of the English pocket globes was that they were both a model of the globe and the dome of the starry sky, the image of which was applied to their inside.
Over time, more complex design features began to appear in the globe model. Since the sixteenth century, they began to mount a clock mechanism in the "womb of the earth", which set the globe in motion. This helped determine the time at a particular geographic point. To some models, the Moon was added, which moved around the globe. So in their way it was not only a clock, but also a calendar.
Globes decorated the offices not only of scientists and travelers of that time, but also of monarchs and aristocrats. Such models were usually large in size and expensively inlaid with precious stones and metals.
Peter the Great also had a globe. He received it as a gift from the Duke of Schleswig-Holstein in 1713
year, during his German tour. The globe was huge, more than three meters in diameter, and was similar in design to English pocket ones. In other words, the starry sky was depicted on its inside. Authorship is attributed to Adam Olearius. The globe was in the Kunstkamera for a long time, but, unfortunately, burned down in a fire. A new globe was ordered to the then famous inventor A.K. Nartov. He developed the project, and the globe was made by Scott B. with his apprentice Tityurin. Work on the grandiose layout lasted for seven years. The globe was striking in its size. Inside was a bench for observing the heavenly bodies, which could accommodate up to twelve people. The geographic data on the globe was periodically updated.
But, nevertheless, it was a copy of the German globe. And the first purely Russian was created by a clerk from Pskov - Maksimov Karp. It was at the beginning of the nineteenth century. The globe was relatively small.
The great Russian scientist Mikhailo Lomonosov dreamed of a wide distribution of globes throughout Russia, which, in his opinion, would increase the level of education of the population.
Gradually, globes began to appear depicting not only the Earth, but also the Moon and the starry sky. Now it is impossible to imagine a school or a higher educational institution without a globe, which has firmly entered the life of all mankind.
Despite the huge number of versions of travelers and ancient thinkers about the shape and contents of our earth, the famous philosopher Aristotle was the first to provide evidence of its sphericity. Over time, science needed more detailed materials for further discoveries related to the earth.
Thus, a successful attempt was made to create such an object that would become a good example for obtaining all the necessary information about our land. This model was called a globe, which has the Latin name "globus" - a ball.
Using three-dimensional graphics, modern man has received a realistic three-dimensional image of the globe. A similar copy of the earth, which is millions of times smaller than it,
In fact, the ball is slightly flattened. Its color characteristic consists of blue (reflects the presence of water on the earth's surface), green (shows where the land is), white (this is the territory of ice), brown (designation of continents) and yellow. The globe reflects the tilt of the earth's axis. It is around an invisible axis that the earth rotates. The imaginary axis has two outputs. The first top point represents the North Pole. The lower one is the South Pole. In fact, on earth, these points do not have a designation. The entire globe is divided into two parts due to the encircling line, which is called the equator. So people got an idea of the northern and southern hemispheres. This line, like the axis, is not marked in reality. Meridians run from one pole to the other. Lines that run parallel to the equator are called parallels.
This invention has several types, the choice of which depends on the purpose of the research. You can learn about the borders of countries, settlements by considering a political globe. The physical reflects the continents, currents, meridians and parallels. The first acquaintance with a relief globe will interest you with a convex surface, which will visually help to remember the location of the mountains.
The creation of the globe was a great discovery in science, as scientists had the opportunity to explore the different patterns of all phenomena on earth. Thus, having in front of you the most important such invention - a globe, you can easily find out what and where exactly is on its surface, get acquainted with geographical patterns. This is an accessible location of geographical objects, which becomes a source of knowledge for everyone.
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Each of us at least once in our lives, in a store or in a school closet, has seen a globe. A globe, according to the dictionary of S.I. Ozhegov, is “a visual aid - a rotating model of the globe or other spherical celestial body.”
More precisely, a globe is an image of a map applied to a spherical surface that repeats the approximate shape of the Earth, preserving the similarity of contours and areas.
The globe has been created since ancient times. Among ancient writers, one can find references to Crates of Mallus, who around 150 BC. ago created the "globe of the earth."
But still, the oldest of the globes that have come down to our times is the “earth apple”, which was created by Martin Beheim in 1492, a German geographer from Nuremberg. It is he who is considered the creator of the globe. Martin Beheim was a prominent German scientist in the 15th century.
His knowledge is in sea expeditions and with the great astronomers of that time. When working on the "apple", Martin used the materials of the famous traveler Mark Polo and the Portuguese, with whom he sailed along the coast of West Africa in 1484.
Subsequently, he received the position of court cartographer and astronomer in Lisbon, and it was to him that Christopher Columbus came for advice before his main discovery.
In 1490, while in his native city of Nuremberg, Martin met Georg Holtzschuer, a lover of travel and geographical science, a member of the city council.
Georg was inspired by Beheim's stories about his African expedition and persuaded him to create a globe that would display all the knowledge of that modern cartography. For those times it was a truly great discovery.
Work on the globe or "Earth apple", as the scientist himself called it, dragged on for four whole years. The parchment-covered metal ball was painted by a local artist from maps Behaim gave him.
The globe was marked with the borders of states and seas, as well as the coats of arms and flags of many countries, as well as elements of the starry sky, the equator, meridians, the south and north poles.
But of course, the accuracy of this globe cannot be judged, since it was based on ancient Greek knowledge of the world. Therefore, all the locations of land objects on it are very approximate. America is also not depicted on this globe, since when the globe was completed, Columbus had not yet returned from his journey.
Subsequently, the globes were transformed, changed, more and more new knowledge brought from sea expeditions, simple travels or studies of great scientists was added to the images on it. But it was Martin Beheim's globe that became the main prototype for modern globes.
And yet, the "Earth Apple" is a unique exhibit, a landmark of the Nuremberg German National Museum. That is where it is still kept.
One of the greatest discoveries in geography is the invention of the globe, which makes it easier to remember the location of the oceans, seas, continents, islands, tropical forests, icy deserts, etc. Subsequently, this amazing subject was improved by numerous scientists around the world. It has its own ancient and rather fascinating history.
Who created the first globe? Around this invention, passions are still boiling.
What is a globe?
Globe is from the Latin word globus meaning ball.
This is an image of the map on the surface of the ball, preserving the similarity of the contours and the ratio of sizes (areas). There are geographic globes that display the surface of the Earth, the lunar surface, celestial globes, etc.
Before the concept of a spherical shape of the Earth appeared, the first celestial globes had already been created. These spherical images of the starry sky were already known in ancient Egypt.
The history of the globe
The first globe arose before our era (II century), and it was created by one inventor who was very fond of poetry. It was a learned philologist-philosopher named Krates Malossky. For days he could listen to the poem "Odyssey", and often after listening to it, he laid on the map all the routes that the main character walked. And at that time it was already known about the spherical shape of the earth, so he painted the ball.
Although this item corresponded to the level of knowledge of those times, it was a real globe. He was well appreciated by his contemporaries, but for several centuries, who was the author of the first globe was forgotten.
In 1492, another globe was created in Nuremberg (Germany) to visually depict the geographical discoveries of Portuguese sailors. Thus, the scientist Martin Beheim received the title of the first inventor of the globe.
That globe was called the "Earth Apple". It represented a ball made of metal, no larger than 50 cm in diameter. It should be noted that the continent America was still absent on it, due to its discovery by Columbus at a later time. Also, there were no latitudes and longitudes on the globe yet, but there were also tropics and meridians, and there was a short description of countries. Now the first globe (1492) is stored in the Nuremberg Museum.
From those ancient times to the present day, a large number of the most unique, even unexpected, globes have been created, which have stunning sizes, designs and materials. But two of these specimens cannot but be mentioned here: the largest and most unusual and oldest.
Who created the first globe - the largest in the world
The American company DeLorme has created a giant Eartha globe. This organization develops maps and GPS navigation systems.
The diameter of the globe is 12.6 meters, which is the height of a 4-storey building. Now this unique creation is located in the city of Yarmouth in America.
The giant globe consists of 792 map fragments, fastened together by hidden bolts on a large frame. The last element was built from 6,000 aluminum pipes. The peculiarity of this magnificent building is also that it is located in a glass building and is illuminated from the inside, which gives it an unusual look.
This masterpiece is included in the Guinness Book of Records.
American oldest globe
Scientists have established that it is made from ostrich egg halves glued together with shellac (a natural polymer). The card itself is carved into the shell.
But to the question of who created the first globe depicting America, one can answer that this is unknown. Why?
The huge ostrich egg globe is the first to depict America, and it has survived to this day. But it was not possible to establish the exact date and its creator, due to the absence of any signs and signatures on the subject.
Scientists have an assumption that this globe was created in the workshop of Leonardo da Vinci, as there are certain sketches characteristic of the works of the great artist. The continents signed in Latin, various animals, and even a man-sailor who was wrecked are depicted on this object.
Dr. Missine (philologist and map collector) believes that the find dates back to 1504.
sky globe
Who created the first celestial globe? Many versions exist. For example, in Naples there is a statue of Atlanta (marble), dated to the 3rd century BC. On his shoulders, the hero holds a sphere with the image of constellations. There is an opinion that he also has a prototype - the globe of Eudoxus of Cnidus (Greek astronomer).
However, the existing information about the existence of the Earth's globes in the ancient period is not entirely reliable. So, there are many more reasons to argue about this.
who created the first globe? and got the best answer
Answer from Ѝyvind Thunderstorm Fjords[guru]
Martin Beheim in the 15th century
Beheim, Martin
(October 6, 1459 - July 29, 1507) German geographer. In 1492 he created the first geographical globe. The original for B. served as a map of the world, based mainly on the data of Ptolemy. Globe B. is the greatest historical and geographical value (exhibited in the Nuremberg Museum).
"Earth apple" (German: Erdapfel) is the traditional name for a globe created by Martin Behaim in Nuremberg between 1490 and 1493. This globe is the oldest surviving to this day.
Answer from Vyacheslav Gordeev[guru]
Organizer and founder of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA)
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The Golden Globe Award has been an American award given by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association since 1944 for work in motion pictures and television. The Golden Globe Awards are presented each year in January, based on a vote by approximately 90 international journalists based in Hollywood.
Answer from [email protected]@ [email protected] stuFFFk@[newbie]
The first globe was made around 150 BC. BC e. Crates of Mallus.
Answer from N@wall@[guru]
When did the globe appear?
In the works of ancient writers, it is mentioned that a certain Crates of Malos, an ancient Greek philosopher, a follower of Aristotle and the keeper of the Pergamon Library, back in the 2nd century BC. e. made a model of the Earth in the form of a sphere.
Neither this model itself, nor any of its images have survived to this day, however, those who saw this globe said that "Crates painted a single land on the ball, dividing it into parts by intersecting rivers, which were called oceans ...". Therefore, the very first, at least the oldest of all surviving globes, is considered to be a spherical model of the Earth with a diameter of 54 cm, created by the German geographer, traveler and mathematician Martin Beheim in 1492, now in the museum of the city of Nuremberg.
On the "Earth Apple", this is how Behaim called his brainchild (globes, from the Latin globus - "ball", copies of the Earth began to be called later), geographical representations of the Earth's surface on the eve of the discovery of the New World, based on data taken from world maps the ancient Greek scientist Ptolemy, who lived in the II century. Soon, globes, giving the most accurate cartographic representations and in great demand among scientists and sailors, began to appear in the palaces of monarchs, ministerial offices and simply in the fashion houses of Europe, becoming a symbol of enlightenment.
Especially popular were the Dutch globes made by the Amsterdam craftsmen Blau. They also created that model of the Earth, which was presented to the Russian Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in 1672, the first in Russia. The most famous of all foreign models of the globe is the Gottorp globe with a diameter of 311 cm, made by the German scientist Adam Olschlegel in 1664, and donated to Peter I in 1713. Inside it contained a planetarium. Modern globes, on which, compared to the first ones, images of new lands discovered since then have appeared, have moved from the field of functional use mainly to the field of visual aids for schoolchildren.
Answer from Maria Nesterova[guru]
MARTIN BEHEIM
PETROVSKY GLOBE
Answer from Tanya Krasnoperova[newbie]
Globus (from Latin globus, "ball") - a three-dimensional model of the Earth or another planet, as well as a model of the celestial sphere (celestial globe). The first globe was created around 150 BC. e. Crates of Mallus.
Well, the globe in the form that we see was invented by Martin Beheim in the 15th century
Beheim, Martin (October 6, 1459 - July 29, 1507) German geographer. In 1492 he created the first geographical globe. The original for B. served as a map of the world, based mainly on the data of Ptolemy. Globe B. is the greatest historical and geographical value (exhibited in the Nuremberg Museum).
"Earth? I? Block" (German: Erdapfel) is the traditional name for the globe created by Martin Behaim in Nuremberg between 1490 and 1493. This globe is the oldest surviving to this day.
Behaim's globe is a metal ball 507 mm in diameter, covered with a geographical map reflecting the knowledge of Europeans about the surrounding world at the end of the 15th century, including the discoveries of the Portuguese in West Africa. The map does not show latitude and longitude according to the modern method, but there is an equator, meridians, tropics and images of the signs of the zodiac. Geographical errors found on the map repeat the inaccuracies of Paolo Toscanelli's maps. Brief descriptions of various countries and images of their inhabitants are also presented. The map of the "Earth's apple" does not take into account the results of the voyage of Columbus, since he returned to Europe no earlier than March 1493, and the existence of America as a separate continent was proved by Amerigo Vespucci about 20 years later. America appears already on the next globe known to us, created by Martin Waldseemüller.
"The Earth's Apple" is a unique achievement of cartography of the late Middle Ages, both in terms of the accuracy of the maps and the clarity of the image. The globe quickly became one of the city's attractions and until the 16th century it was exhibited in the reception hall of the Nuremberg City Hall. Then it passed into the possession of the Beheim family, and since 1907 it has been on display at the German National Museum in Nuremberg.
Answer from Nikolay Knyazev[active]
Martin Beheim
Answer from Syaji[newbie]
Beheim
Answer from Lera Garf[newbie]
beheim
Answer from Mimi mimi[newbie]
Al-Biruni
Answer from Maria Mikhailenko[newbie]
We usually believe that this happened in 1492, and it was about the lands already known.
And the Greek Crates from Malos made a globe back in 150 BC. e. , and the matter affected not only the known lands, but also only the alleged ones.
PLATE WITH A DRAWING OF THE GLOBE OF CARTES.
The oldest globe is located in Nuremberg and is called "BEHEIM"
In honor of the geographer and creator of the world's first globe, Martin Beheim He created his own globe in 1492, when he was the chief navigator of Portugal.
MARTIN BEHEIM
He managed to reflect with his help geographical ideas about the surface of the Earth just on the eve of the discovery of the New World. Beheim was assisted in the work on the globe by the artist Georg Glockendon. The masters called their creation "Earth Apple". The word "globe" from the Latin "ball" appeared later. On a ball with a diameter of 54 cm, Behaim depicted the surface of the Earth in accordance with Ptolemy's maps. About the discoveries of Columbus, who went to look for India in the same 1492, Behaim did not yet know. True, information has been preserved that in the 2nd century BC. e. the model of the globe was built by the philosopher Crates Malossky, who was a student of the disciples of Aristotle. But the globe of Crates, if it existed, has not been preserved, and Martin Behaim's "Earth Apple", declared the oldest globe. Alas, the globe was used by scientists thousands of years before Behaim.
Celestial globes made of wood, stone and metal represented a picture of the starry sky. They served to astronomers to explain the location of the stars, and to astrologers - to interpret horoscopes. One of the companions of the god Apollo, Urania, the muse of astronomy, was portrayed by the Hellenes with a star globe and a pointer in her hands ...
In the IV century BC. e. Greek astronomers made a round model of the Earth with parallels and meridians. Images of the earth globe were minted on coins - for example, Demetrius I Poliorket, the Macedonian king who ruled in the 4th - 3rd centuries. BC e.
In 1672, a large globe was sent to the Russian Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich as a gift by the Netherlands. .
The restoration of the Gottorp Globe Planetarium, which almost three centuries ago was the first exhibit of the Kunstkamera, has been completed at the Lomonosov Museum in St. Petersburg.
In the middle of the 17th century, in the Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein (Northern Germany), a planetarium globe with a diameter of over 3 meters was made. On the outer surface of the globe, a map of the Earth was plotted, and on the inner surface, the starry sky. The stars were depicted with gilded caps of copper nails. The ball had a fixed axis, on which a wooden round table and a bench for 12 people were fixed.
In 1713, during the Northern War, Peter the Great, while in the theater of operations in Holstein, received a planetarium globe as a gift. The globe became the first exhibit of the first Russian museum - the Kunstkamera.
PETROVSKY GLOBE
During the fire of 1747, it was badly damaged and was restored by masters Scott and Tiryutin. Later it was kept in a specially built room next to the Academy of Sciences, then in Tsarskoe Selo. During the Great Patriotic War, the globe was taken by the Germans to Germany. After the war, the exhibit was found in the German city of Lübeck and returned to Leningrad by sea via Murmansk. The globe was in a deplorable state.
The canvas, on which the earthly and heavenly maps were drawn, was torn in many places, the painting layer was damaged, holes from rifle shots were found. In the post-war period, the globe was restored twice. A comprehensive restoration of the globe was completed only this year.