Future Perfect Tense is another tense form of the English language that expresses a completed action, but in the future tense. At first glance, this topic should cause a lot of difficulties for a Russian-speaking person. But it's actually quite simple. Future Perfect Tense simply specifies a future action. Future Perfect Tense Meaning
What is Future Perfect Tense?
Future Perfect Tense expresses an action or event that will be completed before a specified point in the future tense. The action expressed in the Future Perfect can be called “pre-future”, because it will already end by the specified moment.
As a rule, Future Perfect Tense is translated into Russian by a verb of the future perfect tense. Often during translation the adverb “already” is added.
The future perfect tense of the English language is extremely rarely used both in spoken language and in writing. It is usually replaced by a simpler tense form - Future Simple Tense. The tense form of the Future Perfect is used only when it is necessary to emphasize that the action will be completed at a specified moment in the future.
Future Perfect Tense Education Rules
Future Perfect Tense is formed using the auxiliary verb to have in the Future Simple Tense (will have/shall have) and the past participle of the semantic verb (Past Participle).
Past Participle is formed by adding the ending -ed to regular verbs. In the case of irregular verbs, you need to refer to the III form in the table of irregular verbs.
Mean + will have/shall have + Past Participle …
To form an interrogative sentence, it is necessary to place the auxiliary verb will / shall in first place before the subject, and leave the rest of the tense form (have and Past Participle) after the subject.
Will/ Shall + Mean + have + Past Participle …
Negative sentences are formed using the negative particle not, which is placed after the first auxiliary verb Will/ Shall. In colloquial speech they merge into one whole:
- will not - won't
- shall not - shan’t
Mean + will/shall + not + have + Past Participle …
Conjugation table for the verb to develop in Future Perfect Tense
| Number | Face | Affirmative form | Interrogative form | Negative form |
| Unit h. | 1
2 3 | I shall/ will (I"ll) have developed He/ She/ It will (he"ll/ she’ll) have developed | Shall/ Will I have developed? Will you have developed? Will he/ she/ it have developed? | I shall/ will not (shan"t/ won’t) have developed He/ She/ It will not (won"t) have developed |
| Mn. h. | 1
2 3 | We shall/ will (we"ll) have developed You will (you"ll) have developed They will (they"ll) have developed | Shall/ Will we have developed? Will you have developed? Will they have developed? | We shall/ will not (shan"t/ won’t) have developed You will not (won't) have developed They will not (won't) have developed |
Future Perfect Tense is used:
I. To express a future action that will be completed before a certain point in the future. This point can be indicated:
1. With such adverbial words that indicate the time by which the action will be completed:
- by 2020 — by 2020
- by that time - by that time
- by the end of the week − by the end of the week
- by Monday - by Monday
- By the end of the week I shall have given up smoking - By the end of the week I will quit smoking
- We will have left this countryside by the end of the year - We will leave the village by the end of this year
- By Saturday she’ll have finished her project - By Saturday she will have finished her project
Example of using Future Perfect Tense 2. Another future action in the subordinate clause of time and condition expressed by a verb in the Present Simple Tense. It is assumed that by the time this action begins, the action in the main clause (expressed by a verb in the Future Perfect Tense) will have already ended. As a rule, with such unions as:
- before − before
- when - when
- I’ll have seen you before you leave - I’ll see you before you leave
- He’ll have left before I arrive at the station - He will leave before I arrive at the station
- We’ll have repaired this refrigerator before you return - We will fix this refrigerator before you return
But in the subordinate clauses themselves, the Present Perfect Tense is used instead of the Future Perfect Tense. Example:
- I’ll buy you an ice-cream if you have done your lessons − I’ll buy you ice cream if you do your homework
3. This point may be clear from the context. Example:
- 2 years! Everyone will have forgotten us! - 2 years! Everyone will already forget us!
II. To express a past intended action. In this case, the use of Future Perfect Tense is not associated with the future tense, it replaces the construction must + Perfect Infinitive. Such sentences are translated into Russian using the past tense with the words “probably” or “should be.” Examples:
- They’ll have heard the news about my father’s new invention - They must have heard about my father’s new invention
- The viewer will have noticed their positive attitude to any form of democracy - The viewer probably noticed their positive attitude towards any form of democracy
Although the Future Perfect Tense is very rare in English, don't neglect to learn it. Who knows, you may have to encounter him more than once.
Watch the following video lessons on the topic:
"Future Perfect Tense - Future Perfect Tense"
This article is dedicated to those who have reached a certain point. The Future Perfect is rarely used, but it adds zest to the speaker’s speech and makes it clear to the interlocutor that his knowledge of English grammar is simply excellent. This grammatical tense belongs to the category of complex future tenses and is used only in certain cases. The main condition for use is the end of the action by a specified date in the future.
Use of the Future Perfect
In English grammar, this aspectual-temporal form refers to perfect (perfect) tenses. The Future Perfect form is a tense identical to the Past Perfect, only for the future. The Future Perfect tense speaks of any action that will begin in the future and end by a certain date. future perfect examples
Indicators of the future perfect tense are certain indicator words. As mentioned above, if we want to express the completion of an action and situation at a certain moment, we use the Future Perfect. Examples of indicators for this time:
- by (to a certain point in the future);
- by the time (by a certain time);
- by then (until that time);
- by tomorrow (until tomorrow);
- before (before), until/till (before/before).
Untill and till are used exclusively in negatives. When is also a pointer.
Future Perfect: example sentences and usage
Let's look at the cases where this tense is used.
He plans to resign from work in a year. He will have worked for 6 years for this organization by then. - He plans to quit his job in a year. By then he will have worked in this organization for six years.
It should be remembered that after using the conjunctions when, before, until/till, the present tense is used, even if the situation itself in the Russian translation is described in the future tense. This is a feature of the Future perfect. Examples with translation into Russian are presented below.
She won't have stopped quarelling until we agree with her. “She won’t stop quarreling until we agree with her.”
Sam will have sold an old lorry before his mother returns from a trip to Alaska. - Sam will sell the old truck before his mother returns from her trip to Alaska.
Future Perfect Education Formula
The formula for forming the future perfect tense is quite simple: subject + verb will have + verb with (if it is regular) or the third type of irregular verb.
I/You/He/She/We/They + will have + semantic verb in the third form (which carries a semantic load).
This is the general scheme of Future perfect education. Examples of sentence construction:
- I will have redone this work by the time he arrives. I'll have this job done by the time he arrives.
- Zak will have visited his granny by the end of spring. Zack will visit his grandmother before the end of spring.
Comparative analysis of Future Perfect and Future Perfect Continuous: examples of use
Often, students of English are faced with the question: which tense to choose, Future Perfect or Future Perfect Continuous?
The future perfect continuous tense is the rarest tense in the language. It has one single function and is practically not used in the speech of native speakers. English and Americans usually use the future simple or continuous tense and other constructions to express future actions, which English abounds in. However, in one exceptional case it is necessary to use the Future Perfect Continuous. Let's consider it in detail.
This aspect-temporal form describes a situation that will begin earlier than another action in the future and will last at that moment. Using this tense, the emphasis is placed on the fact that the action will continue at some point.
- We will have been studying maths for 5 years next month. - We will start studying mathematics for 5 years next month.
- By the first of April we will have been preparing for an exam for a year. - On the first of April it will be a year since we are preparing for the exam.
It should be remembered that after by, when and some other conjunctions the future tense is not used. It is replaced by the present time. In the affirmative form of the perfect continuous tense, to be is used in the aspect-temporal form of the Future Perfect and a basic semantic verb, to which the so-called “ing” ending is added. Thus, unlike the future perfect tense, the emphasis here is on the duration of the action. Also, the second distinctive feature of a long time is that one situation occurs before another and will occur in some time period or moment.
Many people think that Future Perfect(complete tense) belongs to the most difficult group of English tenses (Perfect), so it is not easy to master.
But this is not so, and now you will see everything for yourself.
This tense is used when you want to say that you will do something by a certain time in the future. For example: “I will lose weight by summer. She will have finished her report by Wednesday. We'll fix the car before dad comes."
As you can see, we say that in the future we will get a certain result in the future, so this is perfect - perfect tense.
Knowing this tense will significantly diversify your speech and make it richer.
In this article I will explain to you when to use the Future Perfect and how to correctly construct sentences in this tense.
From the article you will learn:
If you are not familiar with the times of the Perfect group, then I advise you to start with the following articles:
Rules for using the Future Perfect tense in English
When we use Future Perfect
1. We use the Future Perfect tense (future perfect/finished) when we say that we will finish something (get a result) by a certain point in time in the future.
For example: I will read this book by the weekend.
2. This tense can also be used to say that one action will end before another occurs.
For example: They will clean the apartment before their parents arrive.
As you can see, understanding the use of this time is very simple. Let's look at a clear example again.
For example, today you are thinking about writing a book, or maybe you have already started writing one. And you tell your friends that by the end of the year (a month, a week, etc.) you will write it. That is, you will have a finished result - a written book.
So that you do not confuse the Future Perfect tense with other future tenses, let's look at their differences.
Difference between Future Perfect, Future Simple and Future Continuous
All these 3 times are very easy to distinguish. Let's see how they differ.
Difference between Future Simple and Future Perfect
Future Simple is translated as "future simple".
We use it when we talk about an action that will happen in the future. Read more about this time.
Let's look at an example:
I will fly to New York.
I'll fly to New York.
In this sentence we are talking about action as fact that will happen in the future.
Now let's look at the sentence in the Future Perfect:
In this sentence you are saying that by a certain time in the future (Friday), the action will have ended and you will receive result- you will be in New York City.
Difference between Future Continuous and Future Perfect
Future Continuous is translated as "future continuous".
We use this tense when we want to emphasize duration of action. That is, the action will begin in the future and will last for some time. You can find out more about this time in this article.
Let's look at an example:
I will be flying to New York this time.
I will be flying to America at this time.
That is, we say that in the future we will board a plane and will be in the process of flying for some time.
Let's go back to our sentence in Future Perfect:
I will have flown to New York by Friday.
I'll be in New York by Friday.
You don’t care how long you will be in flight, that is, the duration/process of the action. Is important to you result- your landing and location in New York.
Tenses comparison table: Future Perfect, Future Simple and Future Continuous
| Time | Example | What do we focus on? | |
| Future Simple |
I will clean my room. |
We talk about an action as a fact that will happen in the future. |
|
| Future Continuous |
I will be cleaning my room for 2 hours. |
We emphasize the duration of an action that will occur in the future. That is, the action will begin in the future and will continue for some time. |
|
| Future Perfect | I will have cleaned my room by evening. I will clean my room by evening. |
We say that the action will end at a certain point in the future, and we will get the result. | |
Formation of the Future Perfect tense in English
Sentences in the completed future tense are formed using:
- of the auxiliary verb have, which we putin the future tense, adding will to it. It turns out will have;
- verb in the past tense.
Verbs in the past tense
We put verbs in the Future Perfect in the past tense. There are regular and irregular verbs in English. Depending on the verb, this form is formed as follows:
- if the verb is correct, then we add the ending -ed to it: cook - cooked, finish - finished.
- if the verb is irregular, then we put it in the 3rd form: do - done, eat - eaten
There is no rule by which we can determine the correct or irregular verb in front of us. You can only find out by looking it up in a dictionary or memorizing it.
The same is true with forms of irregular verbs. You need to memorize them or look them up in the dictionary.
Scheme for forming an affirmative sentence in the Future Perfect (future perfect tense):
Actor + will have + regular verb ending -ed or 3rd form of irregular verb
| I | ||
| You | ||
| We | read | |
| They | will have | finished |
| She | cooked | |
| He | ||
| It |
I will have cleaned our home by the time you come.
I'll clean our house by the time you come.
She will have passed her exams by the end of summer.
She will take her exams by the end of the summer.
Complex sentences in the Future Perfect
If you are talking about an action that will be completed before some other action occurs in the future, then:
- in the first part we use the Future Perfect (future complete) - we are talking about an action that we will complete in the future
- in the second part of the sentence we use the present tense ( Present Simple) - we are talking about an action that will happen after.
Wherein the verb (action) in the part where we use the Present Simple will be in the initial form.
For example:
I will have read this article before you return.
I'll read this article before you come back.
If in the second part the character is he she it, we add ending -s to our verb (action):
They will have cooked dinner by the time she come s.
They will have dinner ready by the time she arrives.
Abbreviations
We can shorten will in such a sentence
will = "ll
For example:
They "ll have built a house by the winter.
They will build a house for winter.
Words used in the future completed tense
Very often in the Future Perfect tense we use the following expressions:
by…- To…
by the end of…- by the end…
by the time...- by the time when…
by then- by that time
before- before
when- When
She will have finished it by the end of month.
She will finish it by the end of the month.
They will have built this house by then.
They will have built this house by then.
We will have fixed it by Monday.
We'll have it fixed by Monday.
Negative sentences in the Future Perfect in English
To say that you will not complete an action by a certain point, we use negation.
To form a negative sentence in the future completed tense, we add the negative particle not to the auxiliary verb will.
Scheme of a negative sentence in the Future Perfect:
Actor + will + not + have + regular verb ending -ed or 3rd form of irregular verb
| I | |||
| You | |||
| We | read | ||
| They | will not | have | finished |
| She | cooked | ||
| He | |||
| It |
He will not have repaired a car by then.
He won't fix the car by then.
We will not have read an article by the time she calls.
We won't have read the article by the time she calls.
Reduction
We can shorten will and not like this:
will + not = won't
For example:
They won't have finished his work by evening.
He won't finish his work by evening.
Interrogative sentences in the Future Perfect in English
To ask whether something will be finished by a certain time, we put will first in the sentence.
Scheme of an interrogative sentence in the Future Perfect:
Will + actor + have + regular verb ending -ed or 3rd form of irregular verb
| I | |||
| you | |||
| we | read? | ||
| Will | they | have | finished? |
| she | cooked? | ||
| he | |||
| it |
Will they have painted the walls before we return?
Will they paint the walls before we get back?
Will she have watched the movie by then?
Will they have seen the film by then?
Answers to the question in Future Perfect
The answer to the question can be positive or negative.
We can also give:
- short answer
- full answer
Short positive answer in the future perfect tense contains the word yes, the actor and the auxiliary verb will have:
Will will have.
Will they do it by Friday? Yes.
Short negative answer starts with no, and to will we add the particle not.
Will won't have.
Will they do it by Friday? No.
Complete positive answer looks like an affirmative sentence, only at the very beginning we put yes.
Will they have done it by Friday? Yes, they will have done it by Friday .
Will they do it by Friday? Yes, they will do it by Friday.
Complete negative answer looks like a negative sentence, only at the very beginning we put no.
Will they have done it by Friday? No, they won't have done it by Friday .
Will they do it by Friday? No, they won't do it by Friday.
So, we have analyzed the Future Perfect tense. Let's practice making sentences in this tense.
Reinforcement task
Translate the following sentences into English:
1. He will buy a new car by then.
2. She won't prepare dinner before we arrive.
3. Will they finish this project by the end of the year?
4. He will paint this picture by Friday.
5. We will not translate the article by 5 o'clock.
6. Will you be back by the time we leave?
One of the most difficult tenses in English for a Russian-speaking person is the Future Perfect Continuous Tense. This is due to the fact that there is simply no analogue of the future perfect continuous in Russian. In the Future Perfect Continuous we are always talking about two actions in the future, one of which will begin earlier, but will continue at the time the other occurs. In Russian, this time corresponds to phrases like: “I will have been working on this project for three hours by the time my colleague returns” or “At night I will have already been asleep for two hours when your plane lands.” Of course, Russian people sometimes think in this way, but in general it is not very common for us to compare two actions in the future. However, native English speakers do not refer to this time too often.
In fact, making friends with the Future Perfect Continuous is not at all difficult. After all, there are very few cases of using this tense in English. All you have to do is remember the scheme for constructing sentences with the future perfect continuous. A, which are quite easily recognizable and often intuitive, will help to accurately determine that we are talking about exactly this tense.
In what cases is the Future Perfect Continuous used?
As we have already said, there are very few situations in which we turn to the Future Perfect Continuous, and to be precise, only two:
- If we are talking about continuous actions, the duration of which is indicated at a certain point in the future. For example, By the time of his birthday they have been dating for 5 years. - By his birthday they will have been dating for 5 years.
- If a long-term action that began earlier will cause a subsequent action in the future. For example, She will be tired when she gets home because she will have been traveling for over 24 hours. - She will be tired when she returns home, because by that time she will have been on the road for more than 24 hours.
It is also important to understand here that if in a subordinate clause in a statement with the Future Perfect Continuous there is a conjunction when (when), then we are turning not to the Future Simple, but to the Present Simple:
When I finish(not I"ll finish) my work she will have been sleeping for over an hour. - When I finish my work, she will have been sleeping for over an hour.
How are sentences constructed in the future perfect continuous tense?
Future Perfect Continuous from the point of view of grammar is a fusion of three tenses: future simple (Future Simple), perfect (Perfect) and simple continuous (Continuous). Therefore, elements of all three of the above English times will participate in the formation of this temporary structure. From the future Future Perfect Continuous takes the auxiliary verb will, from the perfect - have been, and from the continuous - the ing form of the semantic verb. We can also say that we obtain the future perfect continuous tense by adding the auxiliary verb to be in the form Future Perfect (will have been) to the semantic verb ending in ing. From here we derive a simple formula for constructing an affirmative sentence in the Future Perfect Continuous:
Subject + will have been + semantic verb ending in ing.
Johnny will have been studying for 3 hours by the time she arrives. - Johnny will have been studying for 3 hours by the time she arrives.
By the end of the year Jane will have been teaching us for 5 years. - By the end of the year, Jane will have been teaching us for 5 years.
By the time she gets here, we will have been working for 12 hours. - By the time she gets here, we will have been working for 12 hours.
At the same time, in most often act as adverbs of time and are placed both at the beginning and at the end of a sentence.
The question is constructed by rearranging the subject and the auxiliary verb will:
Question word (if present) + will + subject + have been + Ving?
Will they have been eating cake for 15 minutes by the time you bring them coffee? - Will they have been eating the cake for 15 minutes by the time you bring them coffee?
Will I have been feeling better by the time the exams start? - Will I feel better by the time the exams start?
Will I have been working for 5 hours when he finds us? - I will have been working for 5 hours, when will he find us?
In order to express any negative thought, you will need to place the negative particle not (in the abbreviated version won"t) between will and have been:
Subject + will + not + have been + Ving.
By the end of the year Kate will not have been studying Spanish for 3 years. - By the end of this year, Kate will not have studied Spanish for three years.
By the time you bring them coffee they will not have been eating cake for 15 minutes. - By the time you bring them coffee, they won’t eat the cake for 15 minutes.
We won't have been living here for 5 years by next June. - We will not have lived here for 5 years by next June.
Future Perfect Continuous: markers
Future Perfect Continuous markers- these are most often whole phrases, that is, quite cumbersome constructions, although there are also individual words. It is not difficult to remember the indicators of the future perfect continuous tense. In fact, the list of markers of this time includes a couple of words and several similar constructions.
Time indicators Future Perfect Continuous. List
- Till and until (not yet).I will have been watching TV until you come. - I'll watch TV until you come.
- for 2 (3, 4, 5...) hours (for/already 2, 3, 4, 5... hours).When you arrive, Julia will have been working for 5 hours. - When you arrive, Julia will have been working for 5 hours.
- for 2 (3, 4, 5...) weeks (for/already 2, 3, 4, 5... weeks).By the end of the summer the workers will have been constructing this swimming pool for 3 weeks. - By the end of summer, workers will have been building the pool for 3 weeks.
- for a year (2, 3, 4... years) - during the year (2, 3, 4 years).By the end of the year they will not have been dating for 2 years. By the end of the year, they will not have dated for 2 years.
- by the end of the hour (by the end of the hour).By the end of the hour she will have been waiting for him for 30 minutes. - By the end of the hour she will have been waiting for him for 30 minutes.
- by the end of the morning/evening (by the end of the morning/evening).By the end of the morning I will have been waiting for more than 3 hours. - By the end of the morning I will have been waiting for more than 3 hours.
- by the end of the day (by the end of the day).By the end of the day my mother will have been cooking for 5 hours. - By the end of the day, my mother will have been cooking for 5 hours.
- by the end of the month (by the end of the month).By the end of the month I will have been studying English for 10 days. - By the end of the month I will be learning English for 10 days.
- by the end of the year (by the end of the year).By the end of the year John will have been working there for 10 month. - By the end of the year, John will have been working there for 10 months.
It turns out that identifying Future Perfect Continuous is helped by indicator words till/until and phrases starting with the prepositions for and by. That is, if the statement says that by the end of a certain period or/and during a certain time interval actions will take place, then most likely we are talking about the future perfect continuous tense.
Examples with Future Perfect Continuous
In order to get used to the peculiarities of this time, it is recommended to read as much as possible and compose sentences on your own. To begin with, you can take ready-made examples, adapting them to your life situations. When buildingFuture Perfect Continuous indicator wordsextremely important. Without them, the sentence of the future perfect continuous will be incomplete. We can turn to this time to describe both ordinary situations related to work, study, leisure, and to predict some important events from the world of science and art that will happen in the future. Here are some more example sentences with the Future Perfect Continuous:
- Betsy won't have been living in London for five years next summer. - By next summer, Betsy won't have lived in London for five years.
- By 10 o"clock Jacky will have been writing the article for 3 hours non-stop. - By 10 o'clock Jacky will have been writing the article for three hours non-stop.
- They won't have been waiting for more than 3 hours when their train finally arrives. - They won't wait more than 3 hours when their train finally arrives.
- By the end of the month my aunt will have been living with her husband for 10 years. - By the end of the month, my aunt will have been living with her husband for 10 years.
- Next week this American scientist will have been studying the human brain for 5 years. - Next week it will be 5 years since this American scientist has been studying the human brain.
- For how many years will James have been taking part in the Film Festival in Moscow by that time? - How many years will James take part in the film festival in Moscow by then?
- When my parents come home my brother will have been talking to his friend for 3 hours. - When my parents come home, my brother will talk to his friend for 3 hours.
- How long will you have been talking to your friend when the film starts? - How long will you talk to your friend when the movie starts?
- She won"t have been listening to music for 2 hours when you come. - She will not listen to music for 2 hours when you come.
- By the end of the year people will not have been living on the moon for a year. - By the end of the year, people will not live on the moon for a year.
- By July I will have been studying English for five months. - By July I will have been studying English for five months.
- He will have been working at that company for 5 years when it finally closes. - He will work for this company for 5 years when it finally closes.
In addition to the above-mentioned time markers starting with the words by the end, the preposition for, as well as the conjunction when (when), in the presented examples you can also notice the followingFuture Perfect Continuous tense indicators, such as the adjective next, which is generally characteristic of the future.
It is important to understand that some sentences in the Future Perfect Continuous may sound ridiculous when translated literally into Russian. A Russian-speaking person is unlikely to say that by the end of this month his aunt will have been married to his uncle for 10 years. After all, this same idea can be formulated much more simply by saying that at the end of the month it is the relatives’ wedding anniversary. This is why translating phrases with the Future Perfect Continuous can sometimes cause some difficulties. To avoid this, it is important to understand in what cases this tense is used.
Method of formation Future Perfect
shall / will + have + past participle
For example:
You will have perfected
You improve
Will you have perfected your English by the time you comeback from the U.S.?
You improve your English by the time you return from the USA?
You will not have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.
You you can't improve your English by the time you return from the USA.
Verb conjugation in the Future Perfect
| Number | Face | Positive form | Negative form | Interrogative form |
| unit | 1 | I shall / will have stopped. | I. | Shall/will I have stopped? |
| 2 | You will have stopped. | You will not have stopped. | Will you have stopped? | |
| 3 | He will have stopped. She will have stopped. It will have stopped. |
He will not have stopped. She will not have stopped. It will not have stopped. |
Will he have stopped? Will she have stopped? Will it have stopped? |
|
| plural | 1 | You will have stopped. | You will not have stopped. | Will you have stopped? |
| 2 | We shall / will have stopped. | We shall/will not have stopped. | Will/shall we have stopped? | |
| 3 | They will have stopped. | They will not have stopped. | Will they have stopped? |
Using the Future Perfect
An action that will be completed before a specific moment or another action in the future
The Future Perfect describes an action that will already be completed before a certain point in the future, or before another action begins, and expressions of time such as, for example, can often be used: by the time...- to that moment, time when...; by that time, by then- by this time, by that time; before- before; after- after; and so on.
For example:
By next November, I will have received my promotion.
By next November I I'll get it increase.
By the time he gets
home, she will have cleaned the entire house.
By the time he comes home, she will clean up throughout the house.
I will not have finished this test by 3 o"clock.
I I won't finish this test by 3 o'clock.
Will she have learned enough Chinese to communicate before she moves
to Beijing?
She is already will be able communicate in Chinese before moving to Beijing?
Sam will probably have completed the proposal by the time he leaves
this afternoon.
Most likely Sam will finish plan before he leaves in the afternoon.
By the time I finish
this course, I will have taken ten tests.
By the time I finish this course, I will I'll pass ten tests.
How many countries will you have visited by the time you turn
50?
How many countries are you will you visit by the time you are fifty years old?
Please note that actions in subordinate clauses (such actions in italics) are expressed in the Simple Present, not the Simple Future. This is because these actions are in subordinate clauses that do not use the future tense (see explanation below).
A long-term action that will be completed before a specific moment or another action in the future
The Future Perfect is used with non-continuous verbs and with mixed verbs that cannot be used in the continuous tense, to denote a continuous action that will be completed before a certain moment or another action in the future. This action could begin in the past, and can continue until a specified moment in the future, or it can begin only in the future, and end until another moment in the future.
For example:
I will have been in London for six months by the time I leave.
I I'll be there in London six months by the time I leave it.
By Monday, Susan will have had my book for a week.
By Monday Susan will keep I've had my book for a week now.
Although the use of the Future Perfect in this sense is limited to non-continuous verbs and mixed verbs that cannot be used in the continuous tense, the verbs live, work, teach and study can also sometimes be used in this way, although they are not verbs of the non-continuous group.
The future tense is not used in subordinate clauses
The Future Perfect, like all future tenses, is not used in subordinate clauses beginning with adverbs of time, such as: when- When; while– when, while; before- before; after- after; by the time- by the time when; as soon as- as soon as; if- If; unless- if not; and so on. Instead of the Future Perfect, in this case the Present Perfect is used.
For example:
will have finished my homework. ( Wrong.)
I am going to see a movie when I have finished my homework. ( Right.)
I'll watch the movie when I'll finish your homework.