Integrated lesson “Pottery Profession” (cognition, modeling)
Target:
Tasks:
Educational:
Introduce children to the potter's profession
Form an active dictionary in accordance with the lexical topic “Professions”
Expand children's understanding of adult work. Show the meaning and importance of the potter's profession for other people
Educational:
Develop children's coherent speech, teach children to answer questions in complete sentences.
Development of fine motor skills through working with clay
Educational:
Fostering a respectful attitude towards work
Provoke an emotional response, think about whether they would like to become potters
Educational areas: cognition, modeling
Equipment:
Projector
Multimedia presentation
Prepared clay
Modeling boards
Artificial grass for meadow with mushrooms
Preliminary preparation: Learn with children S. Mikhalkov’s poem about labor
Progress of the lesson (35 minutes)
Organizational moment (1 minute)
Setting goals, motivation for activity (5 minutes)
Three children recite a poem by S. Mikhalkov
Who is the most important in the world?
The kindest, the most glorious?
What's his name?
Well, of course,
This is work!
Who is the smartest in the world?
Oldest, youngest?
What's his name?
Well, of course,
This is work!
For all centuries and years
Real
King of nature?
King of the fields
What's his name?
Well, of course,
This is work!
What do you guys think, what will we talk about in our lesson today?
(children's answers: - about work)
That's right, guys. We will talk about work and get acquainted with a new interesting profession.
Main part (15 minutes)
Do your parents work? Where do they go after they drop you off at kindergarten?
(children's answers: - to work)
Questioning several kids about what their parents do?
(doctor, teacher, accountant, salesman, cook, driver, builder, policeman, etc.)
What other professions do you know?
(firefighter, teacher, nurse, architect, plumber, janitor, secretary, president, lumberjack)
You already know a lot of professions! And today we will get acquainted with another profession. This is the profession of a potter. Let's repeat its name together - potter.
What does a potter do? Now we will take a tour of the potter’s workshop, pay attention to the screen.
Multimedia presentation “The work of a potter”
There will be a file here: /data/edu/files/e1448146531.pptx (profession potter presentation)
Well, guys, did you like the potter's workshop? (Yes)
Do you want to be potters yourself? (Yes)
Well, then put on your aprons and go to the tables. (children sit down)
Physical education lesson “Potters” (1 minute)
Let's rub our hands well,
Grind them until warm.
Let's wash it clean first,
so that the clay doesn't get angry.
Let's stroke them gently
Let's say these words:
“Handles, help hands,
make us a little craft.”
The potter from the workshop is a true professional. This means that he knows his work well, he is very skilled and makes very complex and beautiful works from clay. We are just learning to work with clay, so let's start with something simple. Today we will make mushrooms.
Children's work (10 minutes)
Lesson summary (1 minute)
What wonderful mushrooms we got. Now they need to dry thoroughly, this will take a whole week! Then we will paint them and decorate our clearing with them.
Cleaning workplaces (2 minutes)
Pottery art initially developed as a craft that was used for making containers for meals or vessels in which bulk and liquid materials were stored. Today, it involves processing by molding on a specially designed pottery wheel, after which glaze is applied to the dried product, followed by the obligatory process. In this way, objects are made that are used in any field: household items, construction, decorations, jewelry, souvenirs. These products are called pottery ceramics, they can be found in every corner of our planet.
There are three main classes of production in pottery technology:
- production of building bricks;
- making pottery or stone utensils;
- production of more refined earthenware or porcelain objects.
Based on production technology, all classes of pottery art are similar to each other, however, there are a number of nuances that affect the final result. The main difference is the types of clay that form the basis of the product.
Story
As mentioned earlier, the art of pottery originated from a craft that served exclusively to make vessels for storing materials and food. Over time, it developed, became enriched, and today appears before us no longer in the same form as our distant ancestors saw it. Thanks to technological discoveries, new crafts began to appear, which led to the appearance of such items as fire bricks, stoneware, tiles, tiles, drainage pipes, architectural decorations and other numerous products.
Due to the fact that society began to decorate and decorate familiar clay products, pottery moved from the category of craft to the category of art. Making clay pots was popular in ancient times, ever since humanity became acquainted with the material common on the planet - clay and its properties.
The Old Testament contains several references to the profession of a potter and his products. The oldest clay vessels, even in prehistoric times, were finished by human hands and, accordingly, were irregular in shape. A little later, round and oval products are found, apparently made using a potter's wheel. History has not preserved information about the exact appearance of this circle, but mentions of it have been going on since antiquity.
It is known that the first porcelain products appeared in Asia two thousand years ago. This indicates that the pottery industry in China developed much more rapidly than throughout the world.
Each nation had its own traditions associated with this craft, which turned into art. So in African countries at the beginning of the twentieth century, pots were made by hand, the clay was dried in the sun, and the product was fired using a bunch of straw and fire.
As for Europe, here until the eighth century pottery was in complete decline. Only the Spanish Moors gave it an impetus; around the same time, products that were covered with glaze appeared.
Pottery made its heyday around the thirteenth century. The most striking splash occurred in Italy, where majolica was invented - a type of ceramics made from baked clay. Florence gave the world such a master of pottery as Luca della Robbia; his sculptures and other works are considered the pride of the nation in our time.
Using the technologies of the sculptor Robbia, Tuscan factories took another step forward - earthenware products. They were first fired with fire, then they were covered with white glaze, on which drawings were made, after which the product was subjected to a second firing, stronger than the first. Not only architectural decorations, but also flowerpots and figurines began to be made from majolica.
After the decline of pottery in Italy, France took over the baton. It was here that the clay kiln was invented.
In the Middle Ages, pottery was created and used only by the poor; the upper classes used tin, silver, and gold. Pottery art was also widely used in church decoration. Here it was used to create jugs. Churches of Novgorod, as well as temples of the Romanov times, are decorated with similar products.
At the end of the eighteenth century, entire factories began to appear around the world that were engaged in pottery making.
Ceramic products
The main difference between the types of ceramics is the composition of the mass, as well as the type of glaze from which they are made. There are two types of pottery: dense and porous.
Dense are those products that, when fired due to high temperature, merge into a homogeneous solid mass. When broken, this product resembles glass. It is translucent and does not absorb liquid, and when it hits the steel it produces sparks. An example of dense pottery is porcelain.
Porous ones, on the contrary, break easily and allow liquid to pass through. Among such products is faience.
There may be products that do not belong to either type, but are something transitional between these two types.
Dense
- Hard porcelain. The mass is fused, translucent, fine-grained, elastic, homogeneous, hard, it will not yield to the action of a knife. This porcelain contains kaolin, chalk, quartz and feldspar. It is fired twice: first weakly for glazing, then strong after glazing.
- Soft porcelain. It is also called French. Its content is an almost transparent lead glaze. Here, double firing is also necessary, only very strong at first, and weaker at the end.
- Unglazed porcelain, or bisque. It has the usual porcelain mass.
- Pariyan. It is close in mass to soft porcelain, has a yellowish tint, and is difficult to melt.
- Carrara. White, translucent. Its mass is a cross between stone products and pariyan.
- Stone products. They are characterized by a dense, fine-grained mass. There are ordinary and delicate products, mostly white.
Porous
- Delicate faience. It is a mixture of refractory clay and silica. It is covered with a transparent glaze. The mass is opaque, ringing.
- Ordinary faience, or majolica. This is a red-yellow mass, which, after firing, is covered with an opaque tin glaze.
- Products made from ordinary and fire-resistant clay. This includes bricks, tiles, drainage pipes, etc.
- Burnt stone mass, or, as it is also called, terracotta. Its composition is purified clay and ground fragments of finished products. It is used to decorate vases and other items.
- Ordinary pottery. The mass is made from clay, clay marl, and also from opaque lead glaze.
Materials for pottery
To make brick, porcelain, earthenware, you need to do the following work: make a clay mass, shape it, dry it, fire it and cover it with glaze. The main material for making products is clay. Potters prefer to use pottery clay, which has the necessary viscosity and its temperature resistance is ideal for creating products. Despite the fact that the clay itself has a high level of plasticity, it is necessary to add auxiliary materials due to the fact that during firing it undergoes rapid and uneven compression, which turns the product into an awkward thing. To make the simplest product, you also need sand, ash, and sawdust; for products of better quality, you need fireclay - a powder that is obtained from crushed products.
To produce conventional pottery, previously mined clay must be left in air or water for one to two years. After this, it is crushed in wooden boxes; this is done in factories and factories by special machines. This action is necessary in order to clear the clay of stones or debris. After the clay is taken out of the boxes, it is placed in piles, which are cut into thin slices with a knife. They are again placed in the boxes and kneaded again, clearing them of impurities that could remain on it. Higher grades of products, especially colorless ones, require components that must be perfectly cleaned. The main rule of a good-quality clay mass is its uniformity. For the purpose of high-quality cleaning, the clay is divided into small pieces, which are watered and, after a day of “soaking,” thrown into kneading machines. The teeth of this machine, when rotating rapidly, cut the clay, and a stream of water passing through this chamber carries very small pieces into a special pool, while large ones remain at the bottom. The pool is designed for the next level of cleaning, where coarse particles are deposited, after which another jet carries them into the second pool. In it, the clay is completely eliminated. This technology uses only warm water because it better separates clay pieces, and the cleaning process is noticeably accelerated due to the optimal temperature.
The proportions of the components are determined for each type of product separately. Mixing of products also occurs in different ways: dry, with knives or with jets of water. When this homogeneous mass is obtained, a large number of unwanted bubbles still remain in it. This problem can be eliminated either with special equipment or with the help of feet, with which the clay is simply trampled until the required consistency is obtained.
Burning
In a narrow sense, ceramics is the same clay, but fired. Accordingly, when they say “ceramics,” they mean products made from inorganic materials (often clay), as well as their mixtures with various additives, which are produced under the influence of high temperatures and subsequent cooling.
The firing process initiates irreversible changes, after which the material turns into ceramics. Under the influence of high temperature, small particles fuse in those places where they come into contact.
When producing porcelain, technologies undergo significant changes. This is due to differences in materials, required temperatures and different properties of the components. Each source material has its own proportions, as well as a certain temperature regime:
The technology of roasting products is carried out using various methods. Nevertheless, the kiln firing process is a centuries-old, unchanging tradition. Depending on the temperature and duration of the process, products of varying quality are obtained. Therefore, the maximum temperature in furnaces in production does not change until the production of an entire batch of products is completed.
Moreover, the appearance of the finished product also depends on the composition of the atmosphere in the firing furnace. One or another degree of air oxidation can be caused. Using specially set parameters, you can even make pottery clay change color from brown to green.
Applying glaze
Some pottery works are not glazed at all. These include bricks, tiles, terracotta, pots. The so-called glazing is carried out in order to protect clay products from excess moisture. The same result was achieved in ancient times by milk firing - a method of giving products a beautiful appearance and water resistance.
Not the most expensive clay products are glazed in their raw form simultaneously with firing. This is called antsing. The essence of this action is that during firing, salt is thrown into the oven, which turns into vapor and settles on the product. In the place where it lands, a fusible compound called murava is formed.
Another coating method is to sprinkle the product with glaze, crushed into a fine powder. Often these are crude products: pots, unfired pipes, etc. Before applying the coating, the product is coated with flour paste and fired.
The essence of the third method is that the product is doused with glaze, which has the consistency of cream. This method is used to coat solid products that practically do not absorb liquid. For example, some types of porcelain and earthenware.
And the last method is that porcelain and earthenware are placed in a container with glaze. This method is intended for those products that are lightly fired and initially absorb liquid. The glaze is ground into a fine powder and mixed with water. A product is placed in this liquid, which resembles milk in consistency, to absorb this mixture. It is possible to make a drawing on this glaze.
Art therapy
In the modern rhythm, everyone finds their own way to relax. One of the most beautiful and unusual methods is to take up pottery. There are two ways to try yourself in this art. The first is to buy a pottery wheel and the necessary materials to practice on your own. A pottery workshop in your own home is not only stylish and fashionable, but also incredibly exciting for you, your family and friends. In this case, you can feel like a free artist, try different forms, relying on video tutorials.
The second way is a pottery school. In a class of beginners like yourself, you will have the opportunity to try on the role of a creator of beauty, an artist and a sculpture.
Psychologists say that pottery is a great way to cope with stress, become more balanced and attentive. Art therapy, according to experts, is one of the best methods of combating depression and other nervous disorders. Spending time at the pottery wheel helps to organize thoughts, distract from minor everyday troubles and find a way out of a difficult life situation. “Complete dedication to your work will not solve your problems, but it will definitely help you find ways to solve them,” doctors say unanimously.
DIY products
Every home contains clay, ceramic or porcelain products. In conditions of mass production, it is difficult to surprise someone with factory-made dishes or a flower vase.
Pottery making is an incredibly fun and exciting activity for the whole family. You can have fun, learn a new job, develop skills and dexterity.
After attending your first pottery master class, you will be able to make your own pot. Attentive teachers usually treat beginners with patience, guiding them and helping them in everything. Pottery art helps to cope with minor stress and distracts from the everyday hustle and bustle. And the products that you make yourself will be a reason to be proud of your next victory over yourself. In addition, after you work in a circle and make your own pot, you will have the opportunity to paint it with your own hands. Here you can show all your imagination. This product will be a wonderful gift for a loved one.
Parties, birthdays and corporate events spent in such an unusual activity are popular. This is a good opportunity to communicate, get to know each other better and see the creative potential of your friends. In addition, such a holiday will certainly be remembered for its unusualness and originality, and products made independently at the pottery wheel will be an excellent gift in memory of a wonderful day. And someone, perhaps, will discover their talent and take this business seriously in order to open their own museum of pottery art in the future. Children will especially enjoy this activity. If they are good at sculpting from plasticine, then you should try sending them to a pottery school. This will help develop hand motor skills, have a beneficial effect on the baby’s mood, and will also open up the child’s creative potential. An interesting and exciting hobby develops attention, imagination and thinking.
Hobby or business?
In the modern world, pottery is very popular. They belong to the category of products that are always in demand and relevant. Each house has dishes, vases, pots, various figurines and souvenirs. It has been developing into art for many centuries and is popular and in demand. Therefore, the passion for pottery is increasingly developing into a real business. Having your own pottery workshop is a very profitable business, because the main raw material is clay - a free material that literally lies just under our feet. Beautiful, original, designer products can bring good income to the manufacturer. A pottery master is a profession for the soul. You can diversify the world around you, get a unique hobby that will bring you profit, and also reveal your creative potential.
Pottery art is popular all over the world. Despite the fact that it is several decades old, it will never go out of fashion.
Irina Sdobaeva
Theme: "Profession - potter."
Target: Introduce children to the potter's profession.
Tasks:
Educational: expand children’s ideas about professions; introduce the potter’s profession and the specifics of his work; develop a desire to work together with an adult; introduce children to the process of making dishes from clay.
Developmental: develop the desire to work together with an adult, develop responsibility for carrying out work assignments, leading to the result of one’s work; develop associative thinking and imagination in children; activate the dictionary on the topic “Professions”.
Educational: to cultivate respect for the work of adults, careful attitude to the results of their work, to continue to cultivate a love for folk crafts and traditions.
Types of children's activities: playful, productive, communicative, cognitive-research, musical and artistic, perception of fiction.
Preliminary work: conversation about professions, looking at pictures about working with clay, reading poems about professions, reading proverbs about work, looking at paintings with this theme.
Planned results: knows how to hold conversations about professions, expresses his point of view, actively and kindly interacts with the teacher and peers in solving gaming and cognitive problems.
Equipment and materials: a tablet for demonstrating a video, a picture depicting a potter, household utensils made of clay, pictures depicting objects that are needed for the work of a cook, potter, carpenter.
Methods and techniques: visual methods and techniques (play, looking at a picture); verbal methods and techniques (use of riddles, literary words, teacher’s story, conversation, instructions and explanations in the educational process of educational activities, summing up assessment of children’s activity).
1. Introductory conversation.
Guys, what is a profession? This is work to which a person devotes his entire life. Today we will talk about a profession that you are not yet familiar with. Who do you think made all these clay objects? Guys, this profession is called a potter. A potter is a craftsman who makes clay or ceramic dishes. Look at the picture of a potter at work. (examination)
A potter's tool is a potter's wheel and skillful hands. Now we will watch a film and you will see and observe the work of a potter.
2. Watching video, on which he works like a potter with explanations for children. (5 minutes).
3 Physical education lesson “Dishes”
Here is a large glass teapot,
(“Inflate” the belly, one hand on the belt)
Very important, like a boss.
(The other is curved like a spout)
Here are the porcelain cups
(Squat, one hand on the belt)
Very fragile, poor things.
Here are the porcelain saucers,
(Spin around, drawing a circle with your hands)
Just knock and they will break.
Here are the silver spoons
(Stretch, clasp your hands above your head)
Here's a plastic tray -
He brought us the dishes.
(Make a big circle)
4. Conversation on the viewed plot.
The potter from the workshop is a true professional. This means that he knows his work well, he is very skilled and makes very complex and beautiful works from clay.
Guys, what do you call the person you saw on the screen?
What tools does a potter need to work? - Potter's wheel.
What else does a master need? – a bowl of water; cloth; stack or wooden stick, fishing line. (the teacher accompanies the children’s answers by showing subject pictures).
The resulting product must be dried, then you can apply the design. And in order for a jug or pot to become suitable for use in everyday life, it still needs to be fired in a special oven. And after that you will get products like this.
5. Examination of clay products.
(the children, studying the jugs, determined that the glazed jug was cold, and the plain one was warmer).
6. Didactic game “Who needs what for work”
Three types of subject pictures depicting objects and tools for the work of a cook, potter, carpenter. Children sort out what tools the cook needs, place pictures of the cook around them, similarly for a carpenter and a potter.
7. Reflection.
What profession did you meet? Do you think the potter's profession is important? Who would like to become a potter?
Guys, listen to a beautiful poem about a potter.
Potter sitting at a workbench
And crushes a soft lump with his hands,
Spinning on a disk
And the lump becomes a pot,
Jug or bowl.
So that the clay becomes hard,
So that the water leaves it,
There are pots and mugs
On shelves to dry.
And in order to become beautiful
Red clay pot,
After drying it, we must
Cover with clear glaze.
Now it's time to burn the pot, -
And for the first time he goes into the oven.
The pot comes out of the fire
More rosy and beautiful
Ready from tomorrow
Cook borscht and porridge.
(Excerpt from the poem “A Fun Journey from A to Z.” by S. Ya. Marshak)
Our lesson is over, well done.
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Beginning: 8000 per month
Experienced: 15000 per month
Professional: 24000 per month
* - information on salaries is given approximately based on vacancies on profiling sites. Salaries in a specific region or company may differ from those shown. Your income is greatly influenced by how you can apply yourself in your chosen field of activity. Income is not always limited only to what vacancies are offered to you on the labor market.
Demand for the profession
There is always a demand for handmade exclusive products, so employment prospects are favorable.
Who is the profession suitable for?
A potter must be a very hardworking and diligent person. Among the main qualities of a pottery master one can also name accuracy and attentive attention to detail, and perseverance in achieving assigned tasks.
Responsibilities
- preparation of ordinary building bricks;
- the manufacture of various earthenware or stone utensils, together with various coarser articles of ornamentation or industrial needs (such as fire-bricks, retorts, tiles, pipes, etc.)
- preparation of earthenware and porcelain products as items for more refined home and factory furnishings.
Clay is a fairly pliable material that has its own character. It’s not enough to dictate your terms and plan some clear form; you need to listen to what the clay wants. Sometimes the product you end up with is completely different from what you planned to make.
In order to create pottery, you need a small room, a rotating machine, clay and labor. But even despite the fact that the most minimal investments are required, doing pottery is not so profitable. This is primarily due to the fact that despite the fact that it is handmade, the demand for such things is small.
Pottery is more of an art than a profession.
Where can you learn this craft? In Ukraine, the center of pottery is Kolomyia - a Carpathian city that even has a museum of pottery art. But, unfortunately, it will not be possible to become a potter in Kolomyia. The most you can find is courses on the basics of creating clay dishes.
Today in Ukraine in some cities you can find courses for children where they teach this craft. You can also master these skills at the State Specialized Art Boarding School "College of Arts in Opishne". 178 children from nearby villages receive education here. This is not the type of specialty where you can buy a thesis http://diplomotlichno.com/zakazat-diplomnuyu-rabotu and receive a diploma. A potter must prove his education with a finished product, the quality of which is assessed by experts. If during the training a specialist can master all the intricacies of the production process, we can say for sure that his specialization will be in demand in the domestic and foreign markets.
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