Task No. 8 Option 1
k...greet
position
attraction
find fault
g...pothesis
2.8.. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing.
Vin...Gret
shit...shit
industries (hair)
R...stov
an...Malia
3.
unification
z...rnitsa
ant...gonism
k..fell asleep
rest...lie
4.
8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
osm...trel
scorched...mature
b...blue
careful
selects
5.
f...drug
sk...birdism
damn...become
stagnation .barking
r..regulations
6.
8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
touching
presentation
p...thunder
ep...demic
av...nture
7.
8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
epiphany
wash...whip
teacher
creation
b...yikot
8. 8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing.
Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
spread out
length
prompt...prompt
alg...rhythm
vet...rinar
9. 8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
scatter
howl...live
att...stat
touch...dream
g...barites
10. 8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
k...rosin
grow...sti
excused himself
count...
g...rnizon
Task No. 8 Option 2
1.8.. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
protect
warm up
gl...diator
k...nguru
die...army
unacceptable
combination
freezing
p...sad
d... deficit
3. 8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
steal
offer
get stuck
to...varny
m...ridian
4.
8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
collection
p...sad
glowing
elevate...listen
arson...gatel
5.
8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
hung...curled
tr...vozny
iz...live
d...conduct
aqua...real
6.
8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
connection
pl...vuchy
damn...
grow up
r...habilitation
7.
8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
dismissive
tanned
sk...sk
k...tastrophe
to... overalls
8. 8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
b...don
k...chan
p...gardener
p...meet
sg...throw
choose
9. 8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
n...cturne
L...Wanda
m...sol
open...open
narration
10. 8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
uh...sat
voter
waterproof
resist
l...noleum
Task No. 8 Option 3
1.8.. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
touch...dream
fireproof
m...todika
brilliant...splendid
b...lotto
2.8.. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
pl...vuchy
harmonize
rise...up
experiment
rapidly
3. 8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
prohibited
deviation
horizon...umbrella
st…scholarship
experiment
4.
8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
r...sinka
r...drain
w...ket
n...norama
p...radox
5.
8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
f...nomen
section...roll
for nothing
to..to touch
pr…primitive
6.
8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
age,
float...wok
tanned
beat...
s..pog
7.
8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
k...compliment
long-sighted
prot...stupid
in...trina
in...rtical
8.
8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing.
Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
incendiary
upstart
arrange
horizon
k...rnival
9.
8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
hug...hug
level...level
no one to rely on
ad...ptation
with...rhubarb
10.
Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
l...byrinth
k...lisia
on sk...ku
search...juice
b...reza
answers
1 option
Option 2
Option 3
attraction
Protect
methodology
become decrepit
irreconcilable
harmonize
Union
Tame
prohibited
examined
luminous
dewdrop
skeptic
appeared
locker room
shepherd
alternate
whitewash
teacher
dismissively
visionary
valley
dazzle
frighten
scatter
dig up
take offense
apologized
fade away
obliquely
Algorithm for completing Unified State Exam tasks
In Russian.
Part 1.
Exercise 1. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the MAIN information contained in the text?
Algorithm for completing the task:
Task 2. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should appear in the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write this word down.
Algorithm for completing the task:
1. Read the text carefully.
2. By sequentially selecting the proposed means of communication, establish a logical correspondence between the sentence with the gap and the one that precedes it. This technique will help you determine which word should be in the gap.
Task 3. Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word (………). Determine the meaning in which this word is used (…….) in the sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.
Algorithm for completing the task:
if the sentence has not lost its semantic integrity, the answer is correct;
if the meaning of the sentence has changed, the answer is correct.
read the assignment carefully;
find the specified offer;
include each of the suggested lexical interpretations to replace the word given for analysis;
listen to the new sound and meaning of the sentence;
determine whether the sentence lost or did not lose its semantic integrity during the linguistic experiment:
Task 4. In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.
Remember: the mobility of the Russian accent creates objective difficulties when completing this task.
agent, Augustovsky, agency, agony, acropolis, alcohol, alphabet, anapest, anatom, antithesis, apostrophe, watermelon, arrest, aristocracy, argument, asymmetry, astronom, Atlas (collection of geographical maps), atlas (fabric), bourgeoisie, being,
bureaucracy, airports
SCAM, crimson, run, pamper, pampered, pampered, bow (bAnta, bows)
barman, unrestrained, birch bark and birch bark, gas pipeline, Blagovest, favor, block, bombard, barrel, delusional and delusional, armor (assigning something to someone), armor (protective plating), bakery, bourgeoisie, sandwich, being, bureaucracy
gross, boil (cook, boil, boil, boil), watchman, willow, veterinarian, turn on, water supply, Volgoda, wolf (Volka, Wolves, Wolves), thief (thieves, vorOV, vorAM, about thieves), magic, invest, Concave, alarm, exorbitantly expensive
gas pipeline, gastronomy, hectare, genesis, citizenship, grenadier, pear
cousin, maiden, democracy, department, despot, hyphen, act, diagnosis, dialogue, dispensary, dobela, prey, dogma, agreement, contractual, naked, red-hot, document, report, naked, dosinya, leisure, associate professor, do black, dramaturgy, dormant, confessor,
heretic,
blinds, muzzle, life,
book, (assign something to someone), book (cover with armor), enviably, bent, conspiracy (secret agreement), conspiracy (spell), bent, long, frosty, busy (person), busy (with someone ), cork, corked, moldy, seal up, sealed, powder, call (call, call, call), winterer, malice, significance, significance, sagacity, jagged
scoop, scooper, cleaner,
chassis, seamstress, ROUGH, syringes, sorrel, crushed stone, chips, chips,
Excursion, expert, export, equipped, express, epilOg, pullOver
Legally Divine
religion, exhaust,
flounder, catalogue, rubber, cough, quarter, cedar, kilometer, cinematography, pantry, whooping cough, college, colossus, compass, complex, self-interest, prettier, nettle, flint, cooking, kitchen, aches, hunk, blade, gloss t (waste, leftovers), flap (piece of fabric),
alluring, masterfully, medicines, glimpses, manager, metallurgy, meager (minuscule is allowed), youth, milkman, monologue, ordeal,
naked, naked (cut), naked (hold checkers), bent over, over a long time, intention, tilt, backhand, begin, begun, arrears, illness, obituary, hatred, unpretentious, oil pipeline, newborn,
provision, facilitate, aggravate, embraced, embraced, facilitate, encourage, lend, embittered, wholesale, inform, edge, uncork, adolescence, partly, paralysis,
parterre, plowing, firstborn, moldy, pizzeria, offer, fable, understood, understood, understood, raised, midday, briefcase, pedestal, funeral, at the funeral, plateau, anticipate, undertaken, pass, reward, bonus, sentence Or, dowry
knowledgeable, beets, silage, orphan, orphans, plum case, condolence, convocation, concentration, means, statue, status, statute, shorthand, joiner, vessel, bent,
thereOzhnya, dancer, cakes, cakes, shoe,
decoration, speed up, deepen, coal, Ukrainian, improve, dead, mentioned, mention, strengthen, aggravate,
facsimile, porcelain, extravaganza, phenomenon, fetish, fluorography, flyleaf, form,
haos, characteristic (typical), characteristic (actor), intercessor, intercession, intercession, well-groomed (adj.), well-groomed (adj.), Christian, Christ-seller,
cement, chain, gypsy,
Task 5. In one of the sentences below WRONG The highlighted word is used. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly. Algorithm for completing the task:
read all proposals carefully;
determine the lexical meanings of each of the paronym words by selecting synonyms and antonyms or taking into account what words each of them can be combined with;
indicate the correct answer.
Addressee - addressee. Addressee - the person or organization to whom the postal item is addressed (recipient); addressee - the person or organization sending the postal item (sender).
Anecdotal - anecdotal. Anecdotal - inherent in an anecdote, based on an anecdote (anecdotal story); anecdotal - ridiculous, ridiculous (anecdotal case).
Archaic - archaic. Archaic - characteristic of antiquity (archaic view), archaic - out of use, not corresponding to new views, rules (archaic use).
Everyday - everyday. Weekday - not a holiday (weekday); everyday - prosaic, monotonous (everyday work).
Inhale - sigh. Inhale - absorb, draw in air (inhale oxygen), inspire something (inhale courage); sigh - let out a sigh (breathe with relief); rest a little (let me breathe); yearn, be sad (sigh for children).
Educational - educational. Educational - related to education (educational system); educational - related to the teacher (educational room).
Everyone - everyone. Everyone - everyone (every minute); all kinds - the most diverse (all kinds of searches).
Elective - selective. Elective - relating to elections, elected by voting (elected position); selective - partial (spot check)
Harmonic - harmonious. Harmonic - related to harmony (harmonic series); harmonious - harmonious, coordinated (harmonious personality).
Main - capital. Main - main, most significant, central, senior (main street); capital - related to the title (title role).
Engine - mover. Engine - a machine that sets in motion, force (electric motor); mover - that which sets in motion, contributes to it (the mover of society, progress is outdated).
Democratic - democratic. Democratic - related to democracy, democrat (democratic camp); democratic - characteristic of democracy, democrat (democratic act).
Dynamic - dynamic. Dynamic - related to dynamics, movement (dynamic theory); dynamic - having great internal energy (dynamic pace).
Diplomatic - diplomatic. Diplomatic - related to diplomacy, diplomat (diplomatic post); diplomatic - subtly calculated, evasive (diplomatic behavior).
Long - long. Long - having a large length (long report); long - long-term (long vacation, long period).
Voluntary - volunteer. Voluntary - performed without coercion (voluntary labor); volunteer - relating to a volunteer (volunteer initiative, volunteer army).
Dramatic - dramatic. Dramatic - expressing strong feelings, full of drama (dramatic situation); dramatic - related to drama (drama club).
Friendly - friendly. Friendly - relating to a friend, friends (friendly meeting); friendly - based on friendship (friendly country).
Pathetic - pitiful. Pathetic - expressing grief, melancholy, suffering; plaintive, sad (pathetic voice); compassionate - prone to pity, sympathy; compassionate, touching (compassionate words, people).
Spare - thrifty. Spare - available as a reserve (emergency exit); thrifty - able to stock up (thrifty person).
Angry - malicious. Evil - filled with feelings of enmity (angry person); malicious - having a bad purpose, deliberate (malicious defaulter).
Executive - performing. Executive - diligent, with the goal of accomplishing something (executive worker); performing - relating to the performer (performing skill).
Traveler - business traveler. Seconded - a person on a business trip (seconded specialist); travel - related to a traveler (travel expenses).
Comical - comical. Comic - related to comedy (comic character); comical - funny (comical look).
Critical - critical. Critical - related to criticism (critical article); critical - having the ability to criticize (critical approach).
Logical - logical. Logical - related to logic (logical thinking); logical - correct, reasonable, consistent (logical reasoning).
Methodical - methodical. Methodical - related to methodology (methodological conference); methodical - exactly following the plan (methodical work).
Hateful - hateful. Hateful - imbued with hatred (hateful actions); hated - causing hatred (hated enemy).
Intolerable - intolerant. Unbearable - one that cannot be tolerated (unbearable cold); intolerant - unacceptable (intolerant attitude).
Impoverish - impoverish. To become poor - to become poor (to become poor as a result of inflation); impoverish - make poor (impoverish life).
Dangerous - wary. Dangerous - associated with danger (dangerous bridge); cautious - acting cautiously (cautious person).
Misprint - unsubscribe. A typo is an accidental mistake when writing (an unfortunate typo); unsubscribe - an answer that does not affect the essence of the matter (impudent unsubscribe).
Master - master. Master - learn to use something, include it in your circle of activities (master the production of new products); learn - make it habitual; understand, remember (learn what you read).
Organic - organic. Organic - related to the plant or animal world (organic matter); organic - inextricably linked, natural (organic integrity).
Condemnation - discussion. Conviction - an expression of disapproval, passing a sentence (conviction of a criminal); discussion - comprehensive consideration (discussion of the problem);
Responsible - responsible. Responsive - being a response (response); responsible - responsible, important (responsible worker).
Reportable - distinct. Reporting - related to the report (reporting period); distinct - clearly distinguishable (distinct sound).
Political - political. Political - related to politics (politician); political - acting diplomatically, carefully (political hint).
Understanding - understandable. Intelligent - quickly understands (an understanding person); understandable - clear (understandable reason).
Representative - representative. Representative - making a favorable impression (presentable appearance); representative - elected (representative body); related to the representation, representative (representation expenses).
Presentation - provision. Presentation - presentation for familiarization, nomination for encouragement (presentation of characteristics); provision - placing something at someone's disposal (providing a loan).
Noticeable - noticeable. Perceptive - capable of noticing (observant critic); noticeable - noticeable (noticeable displeasure).
Realistic - realistic. Realistic - following realism (realistic painting); realistic - corresponding to reality, quite practical (realistic goal).
Hidden - secretive. Hidden - secret, invisible (hidden threat); secretive - not frank (secretive person).
Tactical - tactical. Tactful - possessing tact (tactful act); tactical - related to tactics (tactical task).
Technical - technical. Technical - related to technology (technical progress); technical - possessing high skill (technical actor).
Lucky - lucky. Lucky - happy; the one who is lucky (lucky explorer); successful - successful (lucky day).
Actual - factual. Actual - corresponding to the facts (actual state of affairs); factual - containing many facts (factual report).
Master - economic. Master - related to the owner; such as a good owner (owner's interest); economic - occupied with the economy, associated with the economy (economic issues).
Explicit - obvious. Explicit - obvious, unconcealed (obvious superiority); distinct - distinct, clearly distinguishable (clear whisper).
Task 6. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
Find errors in education and use
case forms of numerals;
numerals one and a half, one and a half hundred;
collective numbers, including numerals both, both;
comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives and adverbs;
nominative and genitive plurals of some nouns;
imperative forms of some verbs.
Algorithm for completing the task:
1. Determine which part of speech this word belongs to.
2. If this name is a numeral, remember that
for complex cardinal numerals both parts bow;
Cases
From 50 - 80
200, 300, 400
From 500 – 900
fifty
heels And ten And
heels And ten And
fifty
five Yu ten Yu
oh hey And ten And
two hundred
dv wow hundred
dv mind st am
two hundred
dv skillfully st ami
o dv wow st Oh
five hundred
heels And hundred
heels And st am
five hundred
five Yu st ami
oh hey And st Oh
when declension of compound ordinal numbers changes only the last word;
numeral both used with masculine and neuter nouns, and both- female;
Cases
M., Wed. genus
J. genus
both
both
both
both
both
about both
both
both
both
both
both
about both
collective numbers ( two, three, four etc.) are used with nouns denoting male persons, names of baby animals, paired objects or having only a plural form.
3. If this name is an adjective, make sure that the forms of degrees of comparison are formed correctly. Remember: you cannot mix simple and compound forms of degrees of comparison.
Degrees of comparison of adjectives
Comparative
Excellent
simple
composite
simple
composite
beautiful her(s)
less- she
deeper e
more Beautiful
less Beautiful
beautiful eish- th
great aish- th
nai the most difficult
most Beautiful
most Beautiful
Degrees of comparison of adverbs
comparative
excellent
simple
composite
composite
-her(s)- hurt - sick her, sick to her
-e – easy - easier e-she- thin - thinner e
adverb + more (less) more thin
less Interesting
comparative degree + pronoun everyone, everything:
did best of all (all)
4. If it is a verb, pay attention to the correct formation
imperative forms;
Past tense forms used without a suffix are –NU-.
(There is - well - there is an error in the verb - the correct answer)
5. If it's a noun, make sure it's formed correctly.
nominative plural forms;
genitive plural forms.
NOMINATIVE PLURAL
m. kind
With the ending - and I(emphasis on ending)
With the ending - s, -i ( emphasis on base)
influence of the dual number)
Addresses, coast, century, fan, director, doctor, gutter, inspector, boat, clover, feed, box, body, seine, district, vacation, passport, cook, professor, variety, watchman, haystack, paramedic, outhouse, stable, ramrod, stack, stamp, anchor, hawk.
sentences, mines,
editors, snipers, tractors, cakes, fronts, drivers.
volumes
Bakery mechanics
1. Animated foreign language nouns. on
-tor, -sor stylistically neutral: directors
1. Animated foreign language nouns. on -er,
-er:engineers
2. Inanimate. foreign words in
-tor, -sor:processors
3. Animated foreign language nouns. on
-tor with a bookish touch: editors.
Remember: oil – plural. h. - oil A
cream - plural – cream s(not cream A)
male
female
average
banknotes
giraffe
hall
adjustment
piano
roofing felt
tulle
shampoo
sandal, boot
cuff, callus
sneaker
reserved seat
gravy (with gravy)
slipper
shoe (no shoes)
surname
bast
tentacle
Task 7. Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
1. Look for errors in sentences:
1) with homogeneous members; (look for homogeneous predicates with the conjunction I. Ask a question from the verb to homogeneous members of the sentence. The question must be the same, if not, then it’s a mistake!!! This will be the correct answer. (I see??? (sentence member missing) and proud nature? I see what?, I’m proud of what?)
2) with participial phrases; (look at the end of the participle, remember that there must be agreement with the word being defined in gender, number, case.)
3) with proper names, enclosed in quotation marks and being the names of newspapers, magazines, books, paintings, films;
4) with derivative prepositions thanks, in agreement, in spite of and non-derivative preposition By, used in figures of speech upon completion, upon arrival, upon completion, upon arrival;
5) with double unions not only but; both...and;
6) using quotes;
7) starting with the words: everyone who...; those who...; none of those who...
Task 8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
Algorithm for completing the task:
1. Cross out words with alternating vowels, as they will not be the correct answer:
1.1. read each word carefully and look for words with an alternating vowel in the root ( gar - mountains, zar - zor, clan - clone, tvar - creation, lag - lodge, bir - ber, pir - per, dir - der, tyr - ter, world - mer, blist - shine, steel - stel, zhig - burned, chit - even, kas - braid, rast - rasch - grew, skak - skoch, poppy - mok, equal - even).
2) select test words for the remaining words, remembering that among them there may be dictionary words in which the unstressed vowel requires memorization;
3) if you find a dictionary word, you can cross it out, since it will not be the correct answer;
4) if you managed to find a test word for the word, in which the unclear vowel sound came under stress and is clearly heard, then you have found the correct answer.
Task 9. Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words in the prefix. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.
You need to know the following spelling rules:
spelling of prefixes in –З and –С;
spelling of prefixes PRE and PRI;
PRE -
AT -
abide (=re-)
Arrive (approaching)
Despise (hate)
To look after (to give someone shelter)
betray (= re-)
Add (give extra, change something, add)
Bow down, bow down (= re-)
Lean (approach)
Convert (incarnate)
Pretend (incomplete action)
Transient (= re-)
Coming (approaching)
Endure (endure)
Get used to it (get used to it)
Successor (= re-, take over)
Receiver (radio)
Resign (die)
Put (put close)
Vicissitudes (reversals of fate)
Gatekeeper - guard at the gate
Immutable (unshakable, indestructible)
Attach (attach)
An indispensable condition (mandatory)
Unacceptable conditions (impossible)
Limit (border)
Chapel (extension in the church)
Downplayed (very)
Downplayed (slightly)
Remember:
PRE-
AT-
preamble, prevail, those in power, predicate, present, presentable, president, presidium, presumption, price list, prelude, seduce, not fail, premiere, neglect, preparation, present, obstacle, prerogative, prestige, contender, preference
private, fastidious, privilege, circumstance, handsome, picky, adventure, prima donna, primacy, primitive, priority, deplorable, swear, claim, embellish, unpretentious, whimsical
Prefixes on –З and –С:
spelling depends on the following consonant
before voiced consonants – z appeal, rootless
before voiceless consonants - with
bake, carefree, silent
Task 10. Write down the word in which the letter E /I/ is written in place of the gap
Algorithm for completing the task:
1) Find out in which part of the word the letter is missing: in the ending or in the suffix.
2) If a vowel is missing from the ending, then use the indefinite form of the verb to determine its conjugation:
in the personal endings of verbs of the first conjugation the vowels E, U are written;
in the personal endings of verbs of the second conjugation the vowels I, A (I) are written.
3) If a vowel is missing in the suffix, then analyze the nature of the spelling:
missing vowel in participle suffixes ushch, yushch, ashch, yashch, im, eat (ohm).
missing vowel before participle suffix vsh, nn .
4) Spelling of participle suffixes ushch, yushch, ushch, yashch, im, eat (ohm) depends on the conjugation of the original verb:
in participles , educated from verbs I conjugations , suffixes are written ush, yush, eat(om) ;
in participles , educated from verbs II conjugations , suffixes are written ashch, yash, im.
5) Spelling a vowel before suffixes participles vsh and nn depends from that on yat - yat or it - eat the infinitive form of the original verb ends:
at or at , then before NN Passive past participles retain a vowel and I);
if the original verb ends in to eat or eat , then before NN only written e ;
before the suffix vsh the same vowel is retained , as before the end t in an indefinite form.
HINT: Put the verb in the 3rd person plural. (What are THEY doing? What are THEY going to do?) ending -ut-ut – verb 1 conjugation – in the endings you should write a letter E,
Ending - at-yat - verb 2 conjugations - in the endings you should write a letter AND.
Task 11. Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap
You need to know the spelling of suffixes
nouns ( ec, ic; ink, enk; purl, in; ichk, echk; ik, ek );
adjectives ( iv, ev; liv, chiv );
verbs ( willow, yva; eva, ova; I, E before the stressed suffix wa) .
Algorithm for completing the task:
1) Determine which part of speech (noun, adjective, verb) the word with the missing letter in the suffix belongs to.
2) Apply the desired rule.
adjective
-ev- unstressed: cle ev oh, enamel ev th
-iv- percussion: flax ive th
Exception: merciful ive oh, fool ive th
-chiv-:infusion chiv th
-liv-: talent Liv th
verb
-ova- (-eva-)
hang up
I'm hanging
Yva- (-iva-)
be annoyed
I'm annoyed
DEFINITION TABLE
ENDINGS OF VERBS AND SUFFIXES OF PARTICIPLES
Verb endings
Suffixes valid. participles
Suffixes suffer. participles
I conjugation
rest
-eatwriteeat
-eatwriteeat
-yeahwriteyeah
-utwriteut
-yutthoughtut
-ush-writeushch th
-yush-thoughtyushch th
-om-carriedohm th
-eat-blowing eatth
II conjugation
N.F. on - And t
-themstrictlythem
-heystrictlylook
-itestrictlyite
-atstrictlyyat
-yatstorageyat
-asch-breatheasch th
-box-storagebox th
-them-storagethem th
Task 12. Determine the sentence in which NOT and solov are written CONSOLIDATED (SEPARATELY). Open the brackets and write down this word.
)? It should be remembered that the rules for writing NOT with different parts of speech can be grouped as follows:
Not with nouns, adjectives, adverbs ending in O, E
NOT with nouns, qualitative adjectives, adverbs ending in – O and – E;
NOT with verbs and gerunds;
NOT with participles.
seamlessly
apart
1.Not used without NOT:
ignoramus
tall tales
careless
ridiculous
1.If there is opposition with the unionA It's not true, it's a lie
Not happy, but sad
Not close, but far
adverb not in O-E: did not act like a friend
2. If for a word with the prefix NOT you can find a synonym without NOT
Foe (enemy)
Misfortune (grief)
Enemy (enemy)
Unhappy (sad)
Not close (far)
2. If the word with NOT contains the words far, at all, not at all, not at all, not at all
Far from being a beauty
Not a friend at all
Not at all interesting
Not at all sweet
3.Remember:
not big
slave
trouble
deficiencies
undergrowth
dunno
klutz
3.Remember:
not in moderation, not in accordance with the example, not for good, not in haste, not to taste, not within one’s strength, not according to one’s gut, not by hand, etc.; b) neither give nor take, neither be nor me, neither here nor there, neither light nor dawn, nor for anything
about nothing, not a bottom, not a tire, not for a sniff of tobacco, not for a penny and so on.
not one (nobody) - not one (many), not once (never) - not once (often) .
2.Not with verbs and gerunds
seamlessly
apart
1.Not used without NOT:
to be indignant (indignant)
go on a rampage (rage)
unwell
dislike
hate
1.Always separately
Was not
Not catching up
Not knowing
2. With the prefix under-
UNDER-= below normal, not 100% be in insufficient quantities
there is an antonym with over- (=excess)
under-salt the soup (over-salt the soup)
the result is unsatisfactory
lacking = not enough
You lack patience.
^I always lack money.
2. With prefixes not + to
not done to end
can't finish watching the movie, can't get it home
She didn’t finish and fell silent.
(to end implied)
doesn't reach = doesn't reach
The rope is not enough before floor.
Before the poplar is missing the fifth floor
3. Not with participles and verbal adjectives.
seamlessly
apart
1. not used without NOT:
n units insanity (b.b., not up. without NOT)
2. NO opposition with the conjunction A and
dependent words: n without seeded field (no a, ZS)
1. with brief participles: not_closed
2. IS oppositions with the conjunction a:
unfinished A started meeting
3. IS dependent words:
not_ sown during field, not yet plowed field
4.NOT and NOR with negative PRONOUNS
seamlessly
apart
There is NO preposition between NOT and the pronoun: No one, no one
THERE IS AN EXCUSE
No one, no one
Task 13. Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are written TOGETHER (SEPARATELY). Open the brackets and write down these two words.
Algorithm for completing the task:
1) Read the sentence, think about its meaning.
2) Determine which part of speech the highlighted word belongs to.
Unions so that, too, also, but, moreover, moreover, so, therefore are written seamlessly ; they can be replaced with synonyms of the same part of speech.
Words of other parts of speech similar in sound to these conjunctions whatever, the same in the same way, for that, for that, for what , and so, from that are written separately. They consist of two components: one of them (would) can either be removed from the sentence or rearranged to another place; other component (that, that with which, yes, that) replace with other words.
Derivative prepositions are written together: CONSEQUENCE = because of, IN VIEW = because of, ABOUT = about, TOWARD = to, DESPITE = in spite of.
Derivative prepositions are written separately: DURING = IN CONTINUATION, IN DIFFERENCE, IN CONCLUSION, DURING.
For continuous, hyphenated or separate writing of adverbs, apply the appropriate rules.
Derivative prepositions
Nouns with prepositions
during
There was no news V flow of the year.
How long?
(time value)
within (what?) rivers
Look V continuation(what?) series.
IN(fast) current rivers
Look V(coming soon) continued series
continued
She said in continuation hours.
Finally articles
In the end, in the end
Sat V conclusion
Sat V(by duty) conclusion
in contrast from others
(used with from)
Difference V differences life.
Difference V(strong) differences life.
as a consequence= due to
He did not come due to diseases.
Remember: later And - adverb
as a consequence
Intervened as a consequence in a theft case.
Intervened V(new) consequence in a theft case.
like=like
vessel like flasks
Error V sort of noun.
about= about, about
Reach an agreement about excursions.
Put on check in the bank.
Put on(mine) check.
towards=k
Go towards to a friend.
Go to the meeting with friends.
Go on(long awaited) meeting.
in view of=due to
In view of it rained we didn't go to the cinema.
I meant Tomorrow. (stable expression).
as cone
in mind cities
(cone view, city view)
adverbs
Nouns with prepositions
rise up (refer to verb)
rise to the top mountains
on(most) top mountains
shoes for me just right
on time flowering -
V ( spring) it's time flowering
Derivative prepositions
Participles with negation
Despite rain, we went out of town
(Although it was raining).
Regardless of bad weather, we went hiking.
(in spite of what?)
Despite father, he got up from the table.
Regardless of me, he left the room.
(=without looking)
Task 14. Indicate all the numbers replaced by NN (N)
determine which part of speech a word with a missing letter belongs to;
apply the spelling rule N and NN in the suffix of this part of speech.
Noun:
NN
N
1. If the root of a word ends in N and the suffix begins with N:
MaliNN IR(Mali n A)
2.If noun. formed from an adjective with NN, or from a participle:
illnessenne awn(disease enne y)
spoiled(spoiled)
3. Remember: lack of pride NN itza
1. In words formed from nouns that have the suffixes -in-, -an-, -yan-
peatyang IR(from noun peat)
2. In words formed from adj. with one N: studyn IR(from adj. study n y), martyr, worker
3. In words:
gaff yang itza (hook) yang y) ,hemp yang IR(cannabis) yang y)
var en ik (var yeon y), kopch yeon awn (kopch yeon y)
cost yang ika (cost yang oh) wise yeon awn (wise yeon y)
oil en itza (oil) en y), oats yang itza (oats) yang y)
GOST in itsa (gost in y), firewood yang IR (firewood) yang Ouch)
smart yeon awn (smart n y), great en itza
Adjective:
NN
N
1. noun -H+ -H-: karmaNN th
2. -ONN-, -ENN-: commissionionn oh, cranberriesenne oh,
! without in the wind NN th
3. exceptions with -YANN-: GLASSNN OH, TINNN OH TREENN YY
YU NN And you ( yun s nat uralists)
1. -IN-: gus in th
2. exception WINDN YY(day, person)
3. -AN- (-YAN-): leatheren th
Remember: Yu n y;
gaff yang oh, room yang oh, ry yang oh, drink yang oh, right n y (historical suf. - YAN-); bar n yay, swi n oh, si n oh, green n oh, eat n oh, core n y.
Short adjectives contain as many ns as full adjectives.
Tuma NN aya distance - distance tuma NN A
in the wind n that girl is a girl in the wind n A
Participles:
Н – НН IN SUFFIXES OF PARTICIPLES AND VERBAL ADJECTIVES
NN
N
1. There is a prefix: about sifted flour
(except for the console Not-)
But: unprompted her NN that's a torment
1. There is a prefix Not-: Not sowing n that's a torment
2. No ¬, but there is ZS: sowing NN and I through a sieve flour
2. No ¬: sowing n that's a torment
3. there is a suffix -ova-/-eva-:
marin ovaNN y cucumbers
3. Exceptions: Kova n oh, chewy n oh, good bite n th (-ov-, -ev- are part of the root)
4. Formed from an unprefixed perfective verb:
Resho NN task (to decide what With do?)
But: from wound NN th , wound NN th in leg fighter
! Being woundNN th, the soldier remained in service.
The women immediately hung erasedNN oh.(Passive parables, because they retain a verbal meaning, indicate a temporary state, and not a permanent attribute-quality)., windless
4. Exception: wound n oh, windy
5. These same words in their literal meaning will be participles : name NN oh play, after all NN oh job.
5. When a participle transforms into an adjective, the lexical meaning of the word can change: a smart child, an uninvited guest, a sworn brother, an imprisoned father, a dowry, Forgiveness Sunday, a finished man.
Exceptions: cutesy, desirable,
unheard of, unprecedented, sacred,
unexpected, unexpected, accidental, deliberate, slow, wakeful, arrogant, minted
6. The spelling does not change in the composition of complex words: goldfish n oh, scrap n th-fracture n oh, Word everything as a whole has meaning adj.(high degree of quality), and not the meaning “adj. + participle."
7. Short participles: the girl is spoiled n A
SHOULD BE DIFFERENTIATED
Short adjective
Short Communion
The girl was raised NNa (sama – short adjective). Can be replaced with a full adjective: well-mannered I.
The girl was raised n and in the orphanage (by whom?) - a short proverb.. Replaced with a verb: the girl was raised.
Adverb
Short neuter participle
Ch. adv.
He answered deliberately(how? in what way?).
Deliberately is a circumstance.
noun cr. ???
Case thought out (what?) from all sides.
Thought out is a predicate.
Task 15. Place punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of the sentences in which you need to put one comma.
Execution algorithm:
1. Find homogeneous members in the sentence.
2. Determine what conjunctions connect them:
if it is a single connecting or dividing conjunction ( and, or, either, yes (= and ), comma in front of him not placed ;
if it's a double union ( both... and; not so much..., but; not only but; although... but ), the comma is placed only before the second part of the double conjunction ;
if this repeated conjunctions , That a comma is placed only in front of those who are between homogeneous members ;
before opposing alliances between homogeneous members there is always a comma .
3. Check if the sentence contains homogeneous members connected in pairs. Remember: if homogeneous members in a sentence are connected in pairs, then a comma is placed between paired groups and only one!
Task 16. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.
Remember:
participial answers the questions Which? which? which? which? ;
participle answers the questions what did you do? doing what? And denotes an additional action with a verb - predicate ; participial turnover answers the questions How? When? Why?
the placement of punctuation marks in a participial phrase depends on its location in relation to the noun being defined;
the participial phrase is always highlighted in writing with commas;
homogeneous definitions and circumstances, expressed by participial and adverbial phrases and connected by a single conjunction AND, are not separated by a comma.
Algorithm for completing the task:
1) Find participial and adverbial phrases in the sentence, correctly defining their boundaries. Always separated by commas.
2) Determine what position in the sentence the participial phrase occupies (BEFORE - is not highlighted by commas!!! AFTER the word being defined - is highlighted!!!).
3) Check if the sentence contains homogeneous members with the conjunction I, expressed by participial or participial phrases. There is no comma before the conjunction I.
4).Attention! there should not be numbers in the middle of the revolution, this is provocation!!! Eliminate them!!!Use the technique of eliminating the highlighted turnover.
Task 17.
Remember: introductory words can be removed from a sentence without changing the main idea of the syntactic structure. Use the technique of eliminating highlighted words.
Algorithm for completing the task:
1) Check whether the highlighted words are introductory.
Introductory words can be removed from the sentence or replaced with synonymous introductory words; they are separated by commas.
Members of a sentence that are homonymous with introductory words cannot be removed without changing the meaning of the syntactic structure; they are not separated by commas.
Remember that the following words are not introductory and are not separated by commas: as if, as if, perhaps, for the most part, as if, literally, in addition, because, ultimately, it seems, hardly, anyway, after all, even, precisely, sometimes, as if, moreover, only, Meanwhile, for sure, extremely, I suppose, certainly, definitely, partly, at least, truly, as before, therefore, simply, albeit, decisively, nevertheless, only, allegedly.
Task 18. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.
Execution algorithm:
1. Find the grammatical basis of the sentence.
2. Determine the boundaries of the main and subordinate parts.
3. Read the sentence, observing the selected signs. This will help identify an incorrectly found solution or, conversely, confirm the correct choice.
Remember! As a rule, this task presents complex sentences with subordinate clauses , in them conjunction word which does not stand at the beginning of the subordinate clause, but in the middle her, therefore A comma is not placed before a conjunctive word. (1. Eliminate the numbers around the word “which”
4. Attention to the union I). Determine what it connects: parts of a complex sentence - a comma, homogeneous members of a sentence - no comma.
Task 19. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.
To complete the task, use the algorithm:
1. Identify the grammatical bases in the sentence.
2. Determine the boundaries of simple sentences as part of a complex syntactic structure.
3. See how these parts are connected to each other.
4. Find out if it is present in the sentence union I , and if it is present in the sentence, determine what it connects:
If homogeneous members , then there is a comma before it not placed ;
If parts of a complex sentence , then there is a comma before it is put .
5. Find 2 conjunctions nearby: what if, what when, and if, and although, but when, so that if, and when:
Comma between conjunctions NOT put, if the words continue in the sentence then, yes, but
Comma between conjunctions is put, If no SO, SO, BUT.
Task 20. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.
Particular attention should be paid to the second and third sentences:
they (argument and conclusion) contain the main information;
Therefore, among the answer options, you should look for one that combines the information of the 2nd and 3rd sentences.
Remember the main information is given only in its literal meaning. (EXACTLY and SPECIFICALLY)
Algorithm for completing the task:
1. Highlight in each sentence the key words that are important for understanding the issue addressed in this text; pay attention to the main part of complex sentences.
2. Determine the cause-and-effect relationships between sentences in the text by analyzing conjunctions, allied words, and introductory constructions.
3. Shorten the text by deleting secondary information (various types of explanations, details, descriptions of minor facts, comments, lexical repetitions).
4. Convey in one sentence the main information contained in the text.
5. Correlate your version of text compression (your sentence conveying its main idea) with the answer options.
Task 21. Which of the following statements are true? Please provide answer numbers.
Algorithm for completing the task:
1. Read the text.
2. To determine his type of speech, use the technique of imaginary “photography”:
if you can “photograph” the entire text in one frame, that’s description ;
if you can “photograph” the text in a sequential series of frames, this is narration ;
if the text cannot be “photographed” - this is reasoning .
3. Remember that
description shows (this is what we see: a portrait of a person, a landscape, an interior);
narration tells (this is a chain of events or actions and actions of characters);
reasoning proves and is built according to the scheme: thesis - evidence - final conclusion.
Determine what type of speech the proposed text belongs to.
Types of speech
Compositional scheme
Narration
(what happened?)
I came, I saw, I conquered.
report a sequence of actions or events.
Verbs are used.
Several frames
Exposition
The beginning
Development of action
Climax
5. Denouement
Description
(Which?)
indicate the characteristics of an object, person, place, condition. Adjectives are used.
1 frame
From the general impression to the details.
Reasoning (why?)
to substantiate this or that put forward position (thesis), to explain the essence, causes of this or that phenomenon, event.
It talks about causes and consequences, events and phenomena, our ideas, assessments, feelings. - about what cannot be photographed.
1. Thesis (thought that is proven) →
2. arguments (proofs, examples) →
3. conclusions.
Task 22. Write down synonyms (synonymous pair) from the given sentences. (There may be various lexical means.
Algorithm for completing the task:
1. If the task requires you to find a specific lexical unit in a specified passage of text, you must
recall the definition of this lexical unit:
Antonyms- these are words of the same part of speech, opposite in their lexical meaning.! Antonyms can be contextual, that is, they become antonyms only in a given context.
Synonyms- These are words of the same part of speech, the same or similar in meaning, but different in sound and spelling. Like antonyms, synonyms can be contextual
Homonyms-these are words, howeverhigh in sound (withpossible differentspelling) or writingsania (if possibledifferent soundingnii), but different in meaning.
Historicisms- these are outdated words that have fallen out of use due to the disappearance from life of the objects and phenomena that they denoted.
Neologisms– new words of limited use.
Phraseologism- Lexically indivisible phrases reproduced in finished form: hang your nose, win, voice of one crying out)
Task 23. Among sentences 1-8 (there may be other sentence numbers), find one that is connected to the previous one using a possessive pronoun (another means of communication). Write the number of this offer.
Lexical means of communication required in task B7:
lexical repetitions (repetitions of words and phrases);
synonyms and synonymous substitutions;
contextual synonyms;
antonyms (including contextual ones).
Morphological means of communication:
unions;
personal, demonstrative and some other pronouns instead of words from previous sentences;
adverbs;
degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs.
Syntactic means of connecting sentences include:
syntactic parallelism (the same word order and the same morphological design of members of adjacent sentences);
parcellation (removal of any part from a sentence and its design in the form of an independent incomplete sentence);
incomplete sentences;
introductory words and sentences, appeals, rhetorical questions.
Algorithm for completing the task:
1. It is necessary to firmly learn the categories of pronouns, since the pronominal connection is most in demand in tasks of this type.
2. Remember that you must determine the connection of a given sentence with the previous one , with the one that is before the offer you are considering .
CLASSES OF PRONOUNS BY MEANING
Personal
Unit h.pl. h.
1 l. - I we
2 l. - you you
3 l. - he, she, it they
Returnable
myself
Interrogative
Relative
who, what, which, whose, which, how many, what
Undefined
someone, something, some, several, some, some, someone, anyone, anyone, some, some, any, some, some, how many- someday
Negative
no one, nothing, none, nobody, no one, nothing
Possessives
my, yours, yours, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs
Index fingers
that, this, such, such, so much, this (obsolete)
Definitive
all, everyone, each, himself, any, other, most, other
When some pronouns are declined, the entire word changes: I - to me, you - to you...
Distinguish between the categories of pronouns.
Wed. Her (his, theirs) book– whose? – possessive pronoun.
We sawher (him, them ) - whom? - personal pronoun.
Who Are you on duty today? – interrogative pronoun.
We do not know, Who today duty officer is a relative pronoun.
Task 24. Restore the terms missing in the text of the review, with the help of which the linguistic features of this text are characterized.
Algorithm for completing the task:
Carefully read the list of figurative and expressive language means presented in the sample answers.
Divide all the terms into 3 groups: Paths, Figures, Vocabulary.
Read the review carefully, insert the necessary IVS.
4 . In case of difficulty, you can use the technique of excluding from the list those terms that, according to their meaning, cannot be in place of gaps in the text.
1. Trails – words and expressions used figuratively:
epithet – figurative definition (Through wavy The moon creeps through the fogs... /A.S. Pushkin/);
personification – attribution of human qualities, actions, emotions to objects, nature, abstract concepts ( The earth sleeps in a blue glow / M.Yu. Lermontov/);
comparison - a comparison of two objects or phenomena in order to explain one of them with the help of the other ( Ice fragile on the chilly river like melting sugar lies on. Nekrasov/);
metaphor – transfer of properties from one object to another based on their similarity (Lit rowan bonfire red / S.A. Yesenin/);
metonymy – allegorical designation of the subject of speech, “renaming”, replacement of one concept with another that has a causal connection with it ( All flags will visit us /A.S. Pushkin/);
synecdoche – a type of metonymy, when the name of a part is used instead of the name of the whole or vice versa (We all look at Napoleons / A.S. Pushkin /);
hyperbola – excessive exaggeration of certain properties of the depicted object (The sunset burned like a hundred thousand suns /V.V. Mayakovsky/);
litotes – excessive understatement of the properties of the depicted object or phenomenon (Your Spitz, lovely Spitz, no more than a thimble / A.S. Griboedov/);
irony - hidden ridicule; using a word or expression in a sense opposite to the literal one (Otkole, smart, you're delusional, head? /I.A. Krylov/);
paraphrase – replacing the name of an object or phenomenon with a description of its distinctive features or an indication of its characteristic features ( King of beasts/instead of a lion/);
2. Figures of speech – special syntactic constructions that give expressiveness to speech:
antithesis – a sharp contrast of concepts, thoughts, images (You and the poor, You and the abundant, You and the mighty, You and the powerless, Mother Rus'! /N.A. Nekrasov/);
inversion – reverse word order (White lonely sail/M.Yu. Lermontov/);
gradation – arrangement of words or expressions in ascending or descending order of their meaning (semantic or emotional) ( Glowed, burned, shone huge blue eyes);
oxymoron - a contrasting combination of words that are opposite in meaning ( Dead souls, living corpse, sad joy);
parcellation – intentional violation of the boundaries of a sentence (This happened a long time ago. A very long time ago. Anna was in trouble. Big.);
anaphora – unity of beginning, repetition of similar words at the beginning of stanzas or closely spaced phrases ( Wait me and I'll be back. Just wait a lot. Wait when the yellow rains make me sad, Wait when the snow is swept away, Wait when it's hot, Wait, when others are not expected, having forgotten yesterday / K. Simonov/);
epiphora – repetition of the same words or phrases at the end of several adjacent structures (I would like to know why I titular councilor? Why exactly titular councilor? /N.V. Gogol/);
a rhetorical question – a question that is posed in order to draw attention to a particular phenomenon (To be or not to be? /Shakespeare/);
rhetorical appeal – emotional appeal to people not directly involved in communication, or to inanimate objects (People of the world, take care of the world!);
ellipsis - omission of the predicate, giving dynamism to speech (We villages - to ashes, cities - to dust / V.A. Zhukovsky /);
lexical repetition - deliberate repetition of the same word or phrase to enhance the emotionality and expressiveness of the statement (It seemed that everything in nature fell asleep: sleeping grass, slept trees, slept clouds).
questionably - response form – a form of presentation in which questions and answers alternate (What should I do? I don’t know. Who should I ask for advice? Unknown.);
syntactic parallelism – the same syntactic structure of neighboring sentences, the same arrangement of similar parts of the sentence in them (I look at the future with fear, / I look at the past with longing. /M.Yu. Lermontov/);
homogeneous members of the sentence .
3 .Lexical means of expression: Vocabulary
Dialect words - a word or phrase existing in a certain area (territorial dialectism), social group (social dialectism) or profession (professional dialectism): rooster crows
Jargonisms- the speech of a social group, different from the general language, containing many artificial words and expressions. There are different jargons: salon, bourgeois, thieves, student, school, army, sports, etc. “Smell” is from the jargon of hunters, “amba” is from the sea.
Antonyms(Greek Ant - against and on уma - name) - words with opposite meanings: “Cunning and love”, “White only is the shine, black is the shadow.”
Archaisms(from the Greek Archaios - ancient) - an outdated word or figure of speech.
Neologisms(from the Greek Neos - new and logos - word) - a newly formed word that appeared in connection with the emergence of new concepts in life (in science, technology, culture, in everyday life). Neologism emphasizes the expressiveness of speech. For example, “mediocrity” instead of “mediocrity”.
Synonyms(from Greek - eponymous) 1) Words that are different in spelling, but close (or identical) in meaning: defeat-overcome (the enemy); run - rush; beautiful - lovely; hippopotamus - hippopotamus. 2) Contextual synonyms are words or phrases that are similar in meaning in the same context; these words are of an individual, situational nature: needle - Ostankino needle (tower); talk (murmur) of waves; noise (rustle, rustle, whisper) of foliage.
Contextual synonyms - words or combinations of words that acquire similar meaning only in a certain context. “Doing nothing” is passive rest.
Phraseologism - a lexically indivisible, stable in its composition and structure, a phrase complete in meaning, reproduced in the form of a ready-made speech unit. (Frown your eyebrows, win a victory, lower your head, break your nose, burn with shame, show your teeth, sudden death, melancholy, biting frost, fragile boat, delicate question, delicate situation)
Homonyms- identical-sounding words that have different meanings, for example: club (couple and sports), change your mind (many things and change your mind). In oral speech, sound homonyms (homophones) arise - words that sound the same, although they are written differently: cry and cry, boil and open.
PART 2
It is necessary to analyze the proposed text, identifying the author’s position on one of the problems raised in it, correctly and convincingly expressing one’s own attitude to what was read. The volume of the essay is at least 200 words.
To complete the task correctly you need to know Part C assessment criteria.
Plan for writing an essay - reasoning on the proposed text
Regardless of the content of the text, you can use the following plan, compiled on the basis of the requirements for completing the task of Part C:
1. Formulate the problem - K 1
2. Comment on the problem.K-2
4. Express your own opinion, agreeing or disagreeing with the author.K-4
5. Prove your point of view by giving at least two arguments (each of them is given in a new paragraph).
6. Final conclusion (conclusion).
Problem - a question that interests the author of the source text and causes his thoughts and reflections.
Spelling the roots of words is, at first glance, a simple topic. Moreover, it is studied in Russian language lessons already in elementary school. However, it is in the roots that students very often make mistakes.
Reasons for misspelling word roots:
- Ignorance of the rules for writing vowels and consonants at the root.
- Inability to correctly select the word to be tested, which can easily be used to check both vowels and consonants.
- Errors in identifying roots with alternating vowels. Checking such vowels with stress is a grave mistake. Alternating vowels should be written only according to the rule.
- There are frequent cases when, among words with missing spellings, those in which the letter is missing are offered in the console!!! Be careful not to confuse the prefix with the root (for example: d...reliable, the O in the prefix is missing here)
As we can see, the main reason is ignorance of the rules. You need to learn the rules of the Russian language, guys. Only then will you be able to write words correctly.
On the Unified State Exam in Russian, in task No. 8 you need to find the word from a list of words with the one being checked unstressed vowel in the root and write this word on the answer form. Thus, the task, compared to previous years, has become significantly more difficult. Now you need not only to find this word, but also to know very well how to spell it. A word spelled incorrectly but found correctly will be an incorrect answer.
Learn to choose correctly test words. In them, the vowel being tested should be stressed:
How to complete task No. 8
1. Eliminate alternating words from the list. They are not checked by stress, but are written according to the rule.
|
Alternating letters A-O |
Alternating letters I-E |
|
gar-gor |
ber-bir |
|
clan-clone |
der-dir |
|
creature |
mer-world |
|
zar-zor |
per-feast |
|
grow-grow-grow |
ter-tyr |
|
log-log |
blesmt-blist |
|
swim-swim |
stealth-steel |
|
jump-skoch |
zheg-zhig |
|
mak-mok |
cheat-cheat |
|
equal-equal |
|
|
cas-cos |
A (i) - im, in (borrow - borrow) |
|
(understand – understand) |
2. Eliminate from the list words with an untestable vowel in the root. These words are easy to find - these are mainly words of foreign language origin:
|
|
|
 |
|
|
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3. The remaining word will be the answer. Don't forget to check the accent on this word to be sure of the correct answer.
Train more, do tests and exercises. Task options No. 8 are given on our website.
GOOD LUCK!
Melnikova Vera Alexandrovna
Option 1
1. Request 8
2. Request 8
3. Request 8 Define the word in which about the unstressed vowel of the root. You write this word by inserting a letter.
4. Request 8 Define the word in which about the unstressed vowel of the root. You write this word by inserting a letter.
5. Request 8 Define the word in which about the unstressed vowel of the root. You write this word by inserting a letter.
6. Request 8 Define the word in which about the unstressed vowel of the root. You write this word by inserting a letter.
7. Request 8
8. Request 8 Define the word in which about the unstressed vowel of the root. You write this word by inserting a letter.
10. Request 8 Define the word in which about the unstressed vowel of the root. You write this word by inserting a letter.
Option 2
1. Request 8 Define the word in which about the unstressed vowel of the root. You write this word by inserting a letter.
stabilization.
freeze (from unexpectedness)
2. Request 8 Define the word in which about the unstressed vowel of the root. You write this word by inserting a letter.
reveal..sne-xia pr..ten-zia offer..give note..re.remove..di-tel-but
3. Request 8 Define the word in which about the unstressed vowel of the root. You write this word by inserting a letter.
b..reza z..rnitsa burn..to..mmmer-sant..to regret
4. Request 8 Define the word in which about the unstressed vowel of the root. You write this word by inserting a letter.
eco..logy g..mna-zist beginning..na-yu-schy s.mpa-tiya et..ket
5. Request 8 Define the word in which about the unstressed vowel of the root. You write this word by inserting a letter.
n..lowest et..ketka morning..mbo-vat int..llek-tu-al-ny z..rnitsa
6. Request 8 Define the word in which about the unstressed vowel of the root. You write this word by inserting a letter.
get ready to collect...traditional ap..lla-tion
7. Request 8 Define the word in which about the unstressed vowel of the root.
obscure.. imaginary wipe.. wipe the b.. wipe the comp.. content-ness of the solution.. solution
8. Request 8 Define the word in which about the unstressed vowel of the root. You write this word by inserting a letter.
production..position f..lo-lo-gia arrange..lay position..def..de-cast
10. Request 8 Define the word in which about the unstressed vowel of the root. You write this word by inserting a letter.
in..rho-vieu ornament..nt selects...to..sleep-xia growing..sta-yu-shy
Unified State Exam. Russian language. How to easily complete task number 8?
Task No. 8 has 3 options.
1 version of task No. 8
Answer algorithm:
Eliminate all words with alternating vowel in the root. How to define them, read below (in this example these are words for MEP on CLONE happen)
Eliminate all words with unverifiable vowel in the root. How to find them, read below. (In this example, this is the word F E DERAL)
Don't confuse a letter missing from the root with a letter missing in the suffix(in this example it is WRONG AND FLAX)
Be sure to check the vowel in the root that you think has unstressed verifiable(approx. And ryat -m AND R).
Difficult. Don't confuse the alternating vowel with the one being checked. The main difference between an alternating root is that such a root always has pair with another letter, and these are words with the same root, so the meaning of the root is approximately the same.
Compare:
at WORLD at-at MEP net is a pair of words with different letters in the root, the meaning of the root is approximately the same.
BUT!!! etc WORLD five friends - this root meaning “peace” will never be written with a vowel E.
Difficult. Find the root correctly. For example, in the word NA SLAD The root is not crap(you could then easily write FALSE), and SLAD, so there is no alternating root here. This is a verified vowel at the root of words - SWEET yy.
ANSWER in this example : reconcile enemies.
Write down the answer only when you were able to find a word in which the given letter is stressed. A correctly found word, but misspelled, is incorrect unswer!
Option 2 of task No. 8
Answer algorithm:
Eliminate all words with alternating vowel in the root (voz GROWTH,race STEL it)
Eliminate words with verifiable vowel in the root (dr. ABOUT beat - dr ABOUT b. development E waving flag E et)
Remember that most often words with unverifiable vowel - these are foreign words, that is, their meaning needs to be explained, it may be incomprehensible (to ABOUT institutional).However, there are words of non-foreign origin (def. E divide)
Answer : constitutional
Option 3 of task No. 8
Answer algorithm:
Eliminate words with verifiable vowel in the root (embedded) E tea-built E cha)
Eliminate all words with unverifiable vowel in the root (apl ABOUT dirate, art AND Lleriya, d AND rector)
Alternating roots memorize visually, just learn them and remember that they always have pair, root value they contain approximately same(with BIR at-so BER yeah)
In the task it is necessary not only to find the given word, but also to write it CORRECTLY. So teach rules, remember exceptions.
Answer: gather
Remember the roots with alternation:
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Without accent - O gar-gor clan-clone creature Without accent - A zar-zor swim-swim Depends on the next letter in the root grow-grow-grow log-log jump-skoch Depends on the suffix A after the root cas+A - braid Depends on value equal-equal mak-mok |
Depends on the suffix A. If there is a suffix after the root A, then the root is written I ber-bir der-dir mer-world per- at ter-tyr best-blist stealth-steel zheg-zhig cheat-cheat Letters in the root them (borrow - borrow) in (start - start) |
Remember exceptions and write them correctly
Let's look at examples
Example 1
Sample reasoning
I find verifiable roots: op AND sanie-op AND shet, entertaining E chenie- rzvl E whose, vych AND slyat-h AND sla
I find alternating roots: you tvOR yat
Answer: l E pour
Example 2
Sample reasoning
I find verifiable roots(in this version they are not)
I find unverifiable roots (ek ABOUT lgia, g AND mnazist,s AND sympathy, this AND ketka)
I find alternating roots (beginning AND nashy)
Example 3
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Identify the word in which the unstressed word is missing tested vowel root Write out this word by inserting the missing letter. manufacturing ph..logy spread out offer E-mail |