Many car owners are familiar with the feeling of frustration when the wheels they saw in the window and really liked do not fit the car. And it’s even more offensive when all their parameters are as needed, except for one, and most often in such a situation the diameter of the hub hole turns out to be inappropriate. Is it always possible to eliminate this issue, and what to do if the DIA turns out to be the wrong size?
1. What should the central hole be?
Before looking for workarounds that will allow you to fit a non-original disc on the hub of your car, let’s clarify what exactly the abbreviation DIA means. This is an abbreviation for the word “Hub Diameter”, which literally translates as “landing diameter”. This is the name of the size of the central hole in the disk, corresponding in diameter to the seating belt on the hub.
Before choosing wheels for your car, compare the DIA with the hub size
2. If the CO is more than necessary
Enlarging the central hole on the disks is quite acceptable, but with one condition - if you find an adapter of the right size. What it is? This is an insert - a centering ring made of metal or plastic, the outer diameter of which corresponds to the hole on the disk, and the inner diameter corresponds to the hub diameter. Therefore, two sizes are always indicated on rings, which is what we see in the photo.
Sometimes the difference between these circles is only 1 mm, and the car owner has a desire to put on these rims and drive like that. What does this mean?
If the disc does not fit tightly to the hub, the wheel is forced to be centered by fastening elements - bolts or studs. They have to take on all the shock loads, as a result of which they become deformed or simply break.
If the wheel is unevenly fastened, the disk moves from its axis, radial runout appears, which cannot be eliminated using a balancing machine. At the same time, at a certain speed the steering wheel may shake, causing unpleasant vibration of the body, which can contribute to spontaneous unscrewing of the wheels.
But even if this does not happen, the car will be subject to accelerated wear of the steering rack, shock absorbers, ball joints and all rubber bands on the suspension. And this is not to mention the premature and uneven wear of the tread on tires, which are already quite an expensive pleasure for every driver.
To avoid such an impressive number of problems, it is worth looking for either discs with the correct hub hole, or adapters, the price of which is a maximum of 150 rubles. per piece (if aluminum) and 50 rubles if plastic. Moreover, normal stores that sell discs most often also have an assortment of centering rings on sale.
In addition, many manufacturers purposefully produce universal wheels with double drilling that can be installed on different cars. In this case, the central hole has the largest possible diameter, and the transition to a smaller one is provided precisely due to the hub adapters.
Note: These options are mainly offered for passenger cars with a hub size not exceeding 73 mm. There is no such thing as being able to remove the rims from a large SUV and put them on a small sedan.
3. If the hole on the disk is smaller than the hub
It’s stupid, of course, to buy obviously unsuitable wheels for a car. Why grind wheels if you can easily find the original size? But sometimes you have to.
Situations are different. For example, the car model is quite rare, and wheels with the required parameters simply cannot be found in stores. Or let’s say a person cannot afford to buy a new kit, but there is a suitable option on the market, but it just doesn’t fit on the hub of your car.
Note: To determine the exact difference, you need to use a caliper and measure the diameter of the hub and the diameter of the hole on the disk, as shown in the photo.
Before choosing used wheels, measure the hub hole
4. Self-boring of steel discs
In this case, car owners often turn to turners with a request for boring, or are looking for an answer to the question: how to grind the center of a cast wheel yourself. Of course, this is not a job for a garage, because it is necessary to remove a layer of metal, and this must be done precisely. If you remove too much, you will ruin the discs.
The maximum that can be done at home is to remove 1-2 mm if the discs are iron. To do this, you can use a drill with a flap wheel adjusted in diameter to the disk hole.
But this is a cliche. Is it possible to sharpen alloy wheels from the inside? We will answer this question further.
5. Grooving the cast disc
In general, it is undesirable to do this, since the strength of the disk at the point of its attachment to the hub weakens under mechanical influence. It may simply crack when moving. If you sharpen it, then only a little, and it is better to do it in a properly equipped workshop.
In this case, the disk is placed on the table of a jig boring machine. There are pins in its grooves and a hub is put on so that the disc can be properly fixed.
For rough alignment, a cone is installed, which is lowered into the center of the disk, after which nuts are screwed onto the studs.
Then the cone is removed and a micrometer is put in its place, with the help of which a more accurate position of the disk on the table is determined. That is, full alignment is carried out.
Next, the cutter is installed and the disc groove begins. A bore gauge is prepared and fixed to the size to which the hole needs to be expanded.
The initial adjustment is carried out approximately, the exact value is achieved in the final.
The finished, bored discs will only have to be tried on.
The work of boring holes for four disks will cost about 3000-3500 rubles. If you consider this amount, coupled with the cost of used disks (and even more so new ones), to be quite acceptable, it’s up to you. But you will have to regularly monitor their condition, because a small crack around the central heating center can grow into a big problem.
5. Hub holes and bolt patterns for cars from different manufacturers
When buying discs in a store, there are no problems finding out their size. All parameters are indicated on the price tag, and if not, you can read it on the packaging box. If the original size is not on sale, the consultant will always tell you from which car the rims are suitable for your car.
Basically, a car owner may need such information if he purchases wheels second-hand. How to choose used alloy wheels will be discussed below.
6. Models and sizes. Parameter table.
Since when selecting wheels you need to focus not only on DIA and radius, but also on bolt pattern and offset, we present a table with the main parameters of disks for the most popular cars. It will show which cars the wheels fit for a particular car.
Car brand | Model | Main settings | |||
| DIA | PCD | ET (from and to) |
|||
| Alfa Romeo | 145,146; 155; 164 | 58,1 | 4×98 | 35-42 | |
| Alfa Romeo | 75, 156, 164 2.0 turbo, GTV, Spider | 58,0 | 5 x 98 | 28-30 | |
| VAZ | 2101-2107 | 58,6 | 4×98 | 25-32 | |
| VAZ | 2108-all cars | 58,6 | 4×98 | 35-40 | |
| Fiat | All | 58,1 | 4×98 | 35-42 | |
| Audi | A6, A8, S6, Quattro, Audi 200 | 57,1 | 5×112 | 35-42 | |
| Audi | A3 96-03, S3 98, TT 99 | 57,1 | 5×100 | 38-42 | |
| Audi | Audi 80, Audi 100 | 57,0 | 4×108 | 35-42 | |
| Seat | Ibizia; Leon Cupra R; Toledo II | 57,1 | 5×100 | 35-45 | |
| Skoda | Fabia, Octavia | 57,1 | 5×100 | 35-42 | |
| Chevrolet | Corsica, Beretta, Cavalier | 57,1 | 5×100 | 35-40 | |
| Chevrolet | Camaro, Corvette, Lumina, Blazer | 70,5 | 5 x 120 | 38-50 | |
| Chevrolet | Tahoe | 78,1 | 6 x 139.7 | 31 | |
| Volkswagen | Golf IV, Bora; Golf III 5 | 57,1 | 5×100 | 35-42 | |
| Volkswagen | New Golf V; Passat 5; transporter; Phaeton, Sharan, Touran | 57,1 | 5×112 | 40-45 | |
| Volkswagen | Corrado 4, Golf I and II, Passat 4, Polo | 57,1 | 4×100 | 35-42 | |
| Volkswagen | Touareg | 71,6 | 5×130 | 50 | |
| Citroen | C8, Evasion | 58,1 | 5×98 | 25-38 | |
| Citroen | Berlingo, C2 - C5, Saxo | 65,1 | 4×108 | 15-25 | |
| Saab | 9, 900, 9000 | 65,1 | 4×108 | 35-42 | |
| Volvo | 850 4 Stud | 65,1 | 4×108 | 25-42 | |
| Volvo | 7 & 9 Series | 65,1 | 5×108 | 15-25 | |
| Volvo | 850 5 Stud, 960, C70 & S70, S60, S80, V70 | 65,1 | 5×108 | 35-42 | |
| Volvo | S40/V40 | 67,1 | 4×114.3 | 35-42 | |
| Ford | Escort, Fiesta, Scorpio, Mondeo | 63,4 | 4×108 | 35-42 | |
| Ford | Focus, C-MAX, New Mondeo, Taunus 4 | 63,4 | 5×108 | 38-45 | |
| Ford | Galaxy | 57,1 | 5 x 112 | 42-45 | |
| Ford | Explorer, Maverick | 100.0 | 6 x 139.7 | -3-0 | |
| Honda | Civic/CRX, Jazz 01 | 64,1 | 4×100 | 35-42 | |
| Honda | Accord / Prelude, Civic 1.8 / Aerodeck | 64,1 | 4×114.3 | 38-45 | |
| Honda | Accord 03, CR-V, HR-V, Integra, Odysee | 64,1 | 5×114.3 | 38-50 | |
| Rover | 600, 800 | 64,1 | 4×114.3 | 35-42 | |
| Rover | 200, 400, 25, 75, Steetwise | 56,1 | 4×100 | 35-42 | |
| Hyundai | Accent, Elantra, Sonata, Matrix | 67,1 | 4×114.3 | 35-45 | |
| Hyundai | Santa Fe, Trajet | 67,1 | 5×114.3 | 35-45 | |
| Hyundai | Getz | 54,1 | 4×100 | 35-45 | |
| Kia | Carens, Magnetis | 67,1 | 4×114.3 | 35-42 | |
| Kia | Rio | 54,1 | 4×100 | 35-42 | |
| Lexus | All | 60,1 | 5×114.3 | 38-45 | |
| Toyota | Avensis, Carina, Celica | 54,1 | 5×100 | 35-42 | |
| Toyota | Avensis Verso, Camry, MR2 W2, Picnic, Rav 4, Sienna, Supra | 60,1 | 5×114.3 | 35-42 | |
| Toyota | Corolla 02, Corolla Verso, Prius, Starlet, Yaris | 54,1 | 4×100 | 35-42 | |
| Renault | Clio, Kangoo, Megane, Scenic, Super 5 | 60,1 | 4×100 | 35-42 | |
| Renault | Espace, Laguna 01, Scenic RX4, Vel Satis | 60,1 | 5×108 | 38-45 | |
| Renault | Trafic, Twingo | 71,2 | 5×118 | 38-45 | |
| LADA | PRIORA, KALINA, GRANTA | 58,6 | 4×98 | 33-38 | |
| LADA | LARGUS, VESTA, XRAY | 60,1 | 4×100 | 45-50 | |
| LADA | Niva, 4X4 URBAN | 98,5 | 5×139.7 | 15,35,58 | |
| Mazda | Premacy, Tribute, Xedos, 626; 3; 6 | 67,1 | 5×114.3 | 35-45 | |
| Mazda | 323, Demio, MX3 | 54.1 | 5×114.3 | 35-45 | |
| Mercedes | C Class, CL Class, CLK, E Class, S Class W140, SL Class | 66,6 | 5×112 | 35-42 | |
| Mercedes | A Class, | 66,6 | 5×112 | 45-50 | |
| Mercedes | M Class ML430, S Class W220 | 66,6 | 5×112 | 98-99 | |
| Mitsubishi | Carisma 1.6, Colt, Lancer | 56,1 | 4×100 | 38-45 | |
| Mitsubishi | Carisma 1.8, Galant, Space Star, | 67,1 | 4×114.3 | 38-45 | |
| Mitsubishi | Outlander, Pinin, Space Wagon | 67,1 | 5×114.3 | 38-45 | |
| Nissan | Almera 99, 100 NX, Micra, Sunny | 66,1 | 4×100 | 35-42 | |
| Nissan | Almera 00, 200 SX, Primera | 66,1 | 4×114.3 | 35-42 | |
| Nissan | Almera Tino, Maxima, Serena, X Trail | 66,1 | 5×114.3 | 35-45 | |
| Peugeot | 106, 205, 206, 306-406 | 65,1 | 4×108 | 15-20 | |
| Peugeot | 605, 607 | 65,1 | 5×108 | 35-42 | |
| Subaru | Forrester, Impreza, Legacy | 56,1 | 5×100 | 42-50 | |
| Subaru | SVX | 56,1 | 5×114.3 | 42-50 | |
| Opel | Astra, Astra 4, Corsa 00, Mervia, Tigra, Vectra 4 | 56,6 | 4×100 | 35-45 | |
| Opel | Astra 5, Astravan, Vectra 5, Corsa 1.7 CDti, Vectra/Sigrum, Zafira | 65,1 | 5×110 | 35-45 | |
| Opel | Sintra | 70,3 | 5×115 | 35-45 | |
| Opel | Vivaro | 71,2 | 5×118 | 40-45 | |
| BMW | BMW 3 series (E30) | 57,0 | 4 x 100 | 15-25 | |
| BMW | BMW M3 (E30), BMW 3 series (E36), BMW 3 series (E46), BMW 5 series (E34), BMW 7 series (E32) and (E38), BMW 8 series | 72,5 | 5 x 120 | 18-20 | |
| BMW | BMW 5 series (E39) | 74,0 | 5 x 120 | 18-20 | |
| Daewoo | Espero, Lanos, Nexia | 56,5 | 4 x 100 | 38-42 | |
| Daewoo | Matiz | 69,1 | 4×114.3 | 38 | |
Although not all makes and models of cars are listed in the table, we hope that this information will help you navigate the parameters. But before how to choose wheels for a car, it is necessary to accurately measure the hub hole on them.
The offset (ET) can be read on the back of the disc - where exactly is shown in the photo with an arrow. As for PCD, it will have to be calculated using a formula, depending on the number of holes. You can read more about this on our website about
A pressing question among motorists: “what is DIA on disks?” To ensure further operation of the vehicle, it is necessary to make the correct selection of wheel structures. After all, road safety depends on their properties. If all indicators of the wheelbase are violated, the mechanism deteriorates, and the vehicle’s controllability also deteriorates.
When it comes to purchasing new components, it is quite difficult to do without expert advice. When choosing designs for their car, many are not even familiar with the basic parameters. Therefore, before installing components on your car, you need to study all the vehicle indicators specified in the technical passport of the manufacturer.
DIA value
Their list primarily includes stem, PCD, DIA, product width, etc. Wheel marking plays an important role. Its indicator is usually indicated on the label or in the technical data sheet. This information is displayed for all types of structures in a standard format.
- A is the diameter of the central hole of the disk;
- B - width;
- ET - the offset of the structure is used to determine the distance between the space where the rim is applied to the hub and the internal sphere of the structure.
The mating plane is the base that connects the wheel rim to the vehicle hub. When choosing designs, you should not be guided only by the external data of the components. Otherwise, you can worsen the technical condition of the vehicle, as well as its handling on smooth asphalt or off-road.
Disc overhang is divided into positive, negative and zero. In the latter option, the mating plane of the product is determined between the middle of the structure. If they coincide with each other, then the wheel type is considered zero.
Sometimes it happens that the overhang indicator is smaller, then the structure will stick out unsightly from the outside of the vehicle. However, some motorists like wide components. Therefore, they choose the first option. In the second case, everything looks different: the higher the ET value, the tighter the structure fits inside the car.
Note!
The width of the structure may differ from the disc offset value. Many manufacturers of automotive components indicate in the technical data sheet for the car that wheels with a larger width have a lower offset indicator.
PCD means the circle diameter of the wheel rim holes. This indicator determines the location of the wheel design mounting holes.
Often, beginners and even experienced drivers cannot decipher the symbols indicated on car wheels. To avoid mistakes when choosing tires, you need to carefully study all the indicators. What is DIA on disks is the diameter of the central hole. On many manufactured alloy wheels, in order to give the car a presentable appearance, the diameter of the central hole DIA is made larger. To correctly select the size of a car hub, experts recommend choosing an adapter ring or bushing.
Design mounting hole
Product mounting hole
The landing diameter of the wheel rim is as follows - 7.5 j x16 H2 5/112 ET 35 d 66.6:
- 7.5 - width of the structure.
- J is a feature of automotive designs.
- x - inseparability of wheels.
- 16 - landing diameter.
- H2 - two protrusions.
- 5/112 is determined by the number of mounting holes for bolts or nuts, and 112 serves as the diameter of the circle.
- ET 35 - product size is 35 mm.
- d 66.6 - diameter of the central hole.
Is it possible to install components with a large central hole?
Is it possible to install structures with a large CO
The question of what effect CO has on car rims remains relevant both among beginners and experienced drivers. The disc, which has a universal central diameter, is sold in all stores, as well as online resources. Modern designs that have a large central hole fit many models.
The main reason why original automobile developments are noticeably more expensive than even the highest quality non-original analogs is the requirements of automakers.
What is a central heating center on car wheels?
What does CO mean?
Many people are interested in the question of what the central hole of the disk is. This indicator determines many parameters. The vehicle's handling on icy/wet asphalt depends on this value. When choosing wheels for a car, DIA is defined as a characteristic of the wheel. Sometimes manufacturers may designate this indicator as D. Some car owners buy large mounting bolts that are not installed on the structure. All these nuances should be taken into account to ensure the safety of the driver/passenger.
What to do if the CO of the structure is greater than the CO of the hub
Difference in CO size
The diameter of the central hole of the disk must match the parameters of the diameter of the landing cylinder where the hub is located. In recent years, many manufacturers have begun to produce identical designs for several car brands at once. Therefore, when purchasing new components for a vehicle, you need to determine the compliance of this parameter.
What is a wheel hub hole
For each machine there are acceptable parameters that must be taken into account before purchasing accessories or components. For example, the parameter of wheel landing diameters plays an important role. Indicators may differ significantly from each other. The exact value can only be determined by looking at the label.
Hub hole development The variety of diameters of the central hole confuses many buyers. A minor difference may affect the technical condition of the vehicle. For example, most often the difference is only 0.1 mm.
Motorists are often interested in the question of what Dia is in the parameters of car rims. The above-mentioned requirements of wheel product manufacturers for automobile wheels produced under their brand concern not so much their appearance as their quality.
Thus, when determining the PCD, all characteristics of the vehicle must be taken into account. Basically, tire mounting holes go on sale at a high rate.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Cars in the basic configuration are usually equipped with stamped steel wheels and road tires. The basic properties of such (in everyday use summer) tires do not allow their use at low temperatures. Seasonal rearrangements of either summer or winter tires on the same rim not only require certain costs, but can also lead to various damages. Therefore, more and more car owners are striving to have a separate set of wheels complete with appropriate tires for each season.
A wheel (in common parlance – a disk) is a rotating and load-transmitting element of a vehicle located between the hub and the tire. Modern wheels typically include two main parts:
rim, forming a ring-shaped surface with beads on which the tire is mounted;
disk, which is a rim support and is equipped with a central hole for installation on one of the car’s hubs (in some cases, the disk and rim are connected using spokes).
The wheels of passenger cars are in most cases non-separable and differ in design, the size of the tires used, the materials from which they are made, and production technology. Conventional welded steel wheels consist of a plate-stamped disc and rim manufactured by rolling. They are relatively inexpensive, but have increased weight and are subject to deformation during impacts, which can lead to the tire losing pressure. In addition, such wheels have a modest design and many owners are forced to decorate them with decorative caps.
Stamped steel wheels from the world's leading manufacturers are close in weight to cast wheels intended for the same cars. The trend towards reducing wheel weight is due to the fact that this improves the operating conditions of the vehicle’s suspension, ride smoothness, handling, braking and acceleration dynamics.
ALLOY WHEELS
Aluminum-based alloys are the most common materials used to make wheels. More expensive magnesium alloys are used less frequently.
Alloy wheels are obtained by pouring molten metal into a mold, followed by grinding the seating surfaces and drilling holes after cooling the resulting workpiece. Cast wheels are less durable than forged ones, so they have rather thick walls. In addition, during the production process, hidden pores and cavities may appear.
Forged wheels are obtained by die stamping followed by mechanical processing on special lathes (machining centers). Forged wheels are more expensive, but stronger and lighter than cast wheels.
The main advantage of wheels made of light alloys over steel ones, in addition to their lower weight, is the manufacturing accuracy (their runout does not exceed 0.15 mm, in contrast to 1.5–1.8 mm for steel ones). Features of the technology for manufacturing wheels from light alloys make it possible to give them a wide variety of shapes, improving the appearance of the car (photo 2, 3).
The design of the discs, as well as the properties of aluminum alloys, contributed to the introduction of wheels with a large rim diameter (17–22 inches) and powerful braking mechanisms.
MAIN PARAMETERS OF WHEELS
Maximum permissible static load per wheel must be at least 1/4 of the permitted maximum weight of the vehicle (in kgf) specified in the passport or vehicle registration certificate.
Basic wheel sizes are mainly determined by the load acting on them and the dimensions of the brake mechanisms. In foreign catalogues, size “B” is designated as ET; “g” – DIA; “d” – PCD.
The determining dimensions for a wheel are the rim width and the mounting (landing) diameter, usually presented in inches. In addition, the wheel designation includes a letter indicating the shape of the rim profile. For example, in the 5.5Jі15 marking, the first digit indicates the width of the rim, the letter J is the shape of its profile (there are also profiles designated by the letters E, L, K) and the last digit is the mounting diameter of the wheel, which coincides with the same tire size.
Landing diameter– diameter of the rim surface (in inches) on which the tire is mounted, for example 12; 13; 14; 15; 16, etc. This size must exactly match the seat diameter of the tire used.
Planting width– the distance between the inner surfaces of the side flanges of the rim (in inches), for example 4.0; 4.5; 5.0; 5.5; 6.0; 6.5, etc. Alloy wheels are produced with a diameter of 12–22 inches, while the width of the landing rim varies between 4–10 inches.
Rim offset– distance (in mm) from the mating plane (adjacent to the hub) of the wheel to the plane passing through the middle of the rim. This size is determined by drawing a conventional plane through the middle of the wheel rim and measuring the distance from it to the mounting plane. If the planes coincide, then the offset is zero. If the mating plane protrudes beyond the plane of symmetry, then the offset is positive. If the mating plane does not reach the plane of symmetry, the offset is negative. Most often, a change in the offset value within ±5 mm is considered acceptable, but some disc manufacturers recommend a deviation of ±10 mm. It should be noted that a change in the offset affects the kinematics of the suspension, handling, bearing life, and vehicle stability. Reducing the offset compared to the value adopted by the automaker leads to an increase in the track and greater protrusion of the wheels from the arches. If rims with increased width are used, then excessively protruding tires will pollute the car more intensively. In addition, its level of security will decrease.
Diameter of mounting hole centers(defined in mm) must exactly match the diameter of the circle on which the centers of the mounting (threaded) holes or hub studs are located. Typically this size is displayed in two numbers: before the nominal diameter the number of holes is indicated, for example 4x114.3 (four holes on a circle with a diameter of 114.3 mm). Since automakers have not agreed on unifying the diameters of the mounting holes, there are a number of fairly similar sizes: 4x98 and 4x100; 4x112 and 4x114.3; 5x98 and 5x100; 5x108 and 5x110; 5x112 and 5x114.3; 5x120 and 5x120.7, etc. This size should not be determined “by eye”. An error can lead to the fact that even a correctly balanced wheel will have severe runout, in addition, damage to the threaded connections is possible. You can measure this size using a caliper, but it is best to obtain data from a sales consultant.
Center hole diameter(determined in millimeters) must correspond to the diameter of the centering protrusion on the vehicle hub. The most accurate alignment of the wheel is ensured when the central hole of the disk coincides in diameter with the cylinder protruding from the hub. In cases where the diameter of the central hole of the disk is larger than the diameter of the cylinder on the hub, plastic centering adapter inserts are used (sometimes included in the set of light alloy wheels). Adapters are designated by numbers corresponding to the diameter of the hole in the disk and the diameter of the axle shaft, for example 67.1–56.6; 67.1–59.1. Centering the wheel using the bolts or nuts supplied with the disk is unacceptable, since their main purpose is to press the disk to the vehicle hub and fix the final position of the wheel.
Ring lugs(chumps) serve for additional fixation of a tubeless tire on the wheel rim. They are designated "H" or "H2", which means that the rim has one or two ring protrusions of a certain profile. H2 rims are typically used for run flat tires.
WHEEL MOUNTING
The wheel is secured to the hub with bolts or nuts having a conical, spherical or flat clamping part. Accordingly, conical or spherical surfaces are made in the disk mounting holes. Most often, threads with an outer diameter of 12 or 14 mm and a pitch of 1.25 or 1.5 mm are used for fasteners.
Each fastening element must be wrapped at least 5-6 turns. Bolts tightened more than 6-10 turns may touch brake parts. The tightening force should be about 10-11 kgf/m.
Alloy wheels have a thicker center section than steel wheels and require longer bolts or studs. Bolts and nuts for such wheels must have a head that prevents the edges of the wheel mounting hole from being “milled” by the edges of the head.
Wheel centering
Centering a wheel is ensuring that its axis of rotation coincides with the axis of rotation of the vehicle hub (flange of the balancing stand). The centering method is laid down during the design of the car. As a rule, it is carried out by the clamping part of the fastener and the edges of the wheel mounting holes. In this regard, it is unacceptable to use fasteners with an unsuitable clamping part.
DESIGNATION AND MARKING
All wheels must undergo mandatory certification and meet the requirements of OST 37.001.429, OST 37.001.479 and GOST R 50511 “Light alloy wheels for pneumatic tires. General technical conditions".
Each wheel must be clearly marked in a visible place with the following information:
1 – trademark or name of the manufacturer;
2 – date (year and month) of production of the casting and heat number (for light alloys);
3 – symbol of the rim profile;
4 – rim offset, mm;
5 – maximum static load, kgf;
6 – mark of conformity according to GOST R 50460.
When purchasing wheels, it is advisable to contact specialized stores, where they will help you make the right choice and carry out the necessary fittings. It is very difficult for a non-specialist to determine possible defects in the tire-wheel system. Usually, when purchasing a complete set of tires and wheels, the wheels are assembled and balanced for free, with the exception of cases of swapping standard summer tires for a newly purchased wheel (such a swap is associated with the advisability of using standard steel wheels in winter).
The assembled wheel is a rather complex unit, so it is better to form it in one place. In case of loss of balance, for example due to possible deformation of tires or mounting holes on the disk after running in, specialists can correct the defects free of charge. If purchases were made in different places, then there is no one to file a claim in these cases.
You can also carry out the necessary changes at the car dealership where the car was purchased - this is the most reliable, but somewhat more expensive.
Wheel rim bolt pattern is a set of measured wheel parameters that you need to know during installation. You can measure the necessary indicators yourself or use special tables for this, different for each brand of car.
What sizes are important to determine before purchasing wheels? What does the complete wheel arrangement look like? What are the sizes of spare parts for domestic cars?
Disc size indicators
There are five main sizes, an error in determining which will result in the impossibility of installing the wheel.
These include:
- number of bolt holes (LZ);
- the distance between them;
- diameter of the circle on which they are located (PCD);
- diameter of the central (hub) window (DIA);
- departure (ET).
The number of windows for bolts on passenger cars varies from 3 to 6. For trucks, this figure reaches 12-15 pieces. Togliatti-made cars have 4 bolt entries. The exception is the Lada Niva, the wheels of which are secured with five bolts each. The number of holes is measured visually by simple counting.
How to measure yourself
The disc bolt pattern also includes the distance between the windows. You can measure it using a caliper or ruler. Measurements are taken from the center of one hole to the center of the other. There are two ways: the distance between adjacent and farthest holes.
Adjacent holes
The indicator under consideration is determined taking into account the dimensions of the circle on which the centers of the slots for the bolts are located. The diameter is determined using compatibility tables or measured using a ruler. 
To do this, measure the distance between adjacent bolts, and then multiply the resulting figure by a coefficient depending on the number of holes. The transverse circumference of VAZ cars is 98 mm for passenger cars and 139.7 mm for the Niva SUV.
The simplest is to measure on disks with an even number of holes (for 4, 6, 8 bolts), the distance between opposite holes will be the PCD value. 
For disks with 5 bolts, it is measured by the distance between any non-adjacent holes, and the resulting figure is multiplied by 1.051.
Hub window diameter
The indicator of the central hub window is indicated both in the tables and in the full bolt pattern formula, which will be discussed below. In the absence of the necessary information, this indicator can be easily measured using a ruler or caliper. The diameter of the VAZ-2110 hub is 58.6 mm.
Note: it is not always possible to measure the central hole, since on some cars it is of irregular shape. A striking example is the pre-restyling version of Daewoo Nexia.
The bolt pattern of the wheel rims is determined taking into account their offset. Overhang is the ratio of the vertical axis of symmetry of the disk to the point of contact with the hub. The offset can be negative, positive or zero.
It is possible to install a disk that is incorrectly selected for this factor. However, it disrupts the operation of the suspension and makes the car unsafe. 
Full and abbreviated bolt pattern formula
As a rule, a complete formula is indicated on the wheels from the factory, displaying all the necessary parameters. In colloquial speech, car enthusiasts often use a short and recognizable designation, which does not give a complete picture of the product. Let's consider each of the formulas separately.
Abbreviated
The shortened formula for determining the measured indicators is called PCD (Pitch Circle Diameter). It includes two sizes and looks like this: 4ˣ98 (wheel bolt pattern for VAZ-2110). The number “4” here indicates the number of notches for bolts, the number “98” is the result of a transverse measurement of their circumference.
Common PCD values: 98, 100, 108, 112, 114.3, 120, 130, 139.7.
A common mistake is to install a 98 disc on a 100 hub, since the difference is not visually visible. The result will be misalignment and incomplete fit of the disk to the hub.
The abbreviated formula allows you to select the required spare part that can be installed on the car. However, an incorrect bolt pattern according to other parameters will not allow full operation of the vehicle.
Full
How to find out the bolt pattern using the full formula, which is indicated on the disc at the factory and has the following format: 7.5 Jˣ15 H2 5ˣ100 ET 40 D 54.1? Let's look at what each alphanumeric group in this encoding means.
- 7.5 JX 15 – rim width 7.5 inches, diameter 15 inches. The letter “X” indicates that the disk is cast or forged, the letter “J” indicates that the product should be used only on single-wheel drive vehicles (marking for all-wheel drive vehicles is JJ).
- H2 – the number of end protrusions (humps) designed to hold a tubeless tire. Options with one protrusion (“H1”) or without them (“AN”) are possible. Hump (hillock, elevation) - ensures reliable fixation of the tire in corners, avoiding depressurization.
Marking Decoding H Hump H2 Double Hump FH Flat Hump FH2 Double Flat Hump CH Combination Hump EH2 Extended Hump EH2+ Extended Hump 2+ A.H. Asymmetric Hump - PCD 5ˣ100 is the bolt pattern formula discussed in the previous subparagraph of this article.
- ET 40 (short for German Einpress Tief) is the departure indicator. In the example shown, a positive overhang of 40 mm is indicated. If the offset is negative, a “-” sign is placed in front of the number; if it is zero, a “0” sign is placed in front of the number. The amount of overhang determines where the mating plane will be located. Deviation from the values recommended by the manufacturer leads to a change in the direction and magnitude of the forces that act on the suspension.
- D 54.1 – hub hole diameter in mm (DIA).
Note: rim width and diameter are measured in inches. 1 inch is equal to 2.54 cm. The remaining dimensions of the bolt pattern are usually measured in millimeters.
Bolt pattern tables 4×98, 4×100, 4×108, 5×100, 5×108, 5×112
| car brand | Model |
|---|---|
| VAZ | 2110-12 |
| Classic | |
| Granta | |
| Kalina | |
| Priora | |
| 2108-99 | |
| Alfa Romeo | 145 |
| 146 | |
| 33 Sport Wagon | |
| MiTo | |
| Citroen | Nemo |
| Fiat | 500 |
| Albea | |
| Barchetta | |
| Brava | |
| Bravo | |
| Bravo HGT | |
| Cinquecento | |
| Coupe | |
| Coupe 16V turbo | |
| Coupe BV6 | |
| Doblo | |
| Doblo 4X4 | |
| Fiorino | |
| Idea | |
| Linea | |
| Marea | |
| Multipla | |
| Multipla 2 | |
| Palio | |
| Panda | |
| Panda 4x4 | |
| Punto | |
| Qubo | |
| Seicento | |
| Seicento Sporting | |
| Stilo | |
| Ford | Ka |
| Lancia | Delta |
| Lybra | |
| Musa | |
| Y | |
| Ypsilon | |
| Peugeot | Bipper |
| car brand | Model |
|---|---|
| Acura | EL |
| Integra | |
| BMW | Z1 |
| Chery | Amulet |
| Kimo | |
| Kimo(A) | |
| QQ6 | |
| QQ6(S21) | |
| Chevrolet | Astra |
| Aveo | |
| Cobalt | |
| COBALT SS | |
| Lanos | |
| Spark | |
| Citroen | C1 |
| C15 | |
| Daewoo | ESPERO |
| Kalos | |
| Lanos | |
| Nexia | |
| Nubira | |
| Daihatsu | Applause |
| Atrai | |
| Atrai 7 | |
| Boon | |
| Charade | |
| Cuore | |
| Coo | |
| Copen | |
| Esse | |
| Gran Move | |
| GRANDE MOVE | |
| Leeza | |
| MAX | |
| Materia | |
| Mira | |
| Move | |
| Naked | |
| Opti | |
| Pyzar | |
| Sonica | |
| Storia | |
| Sirion | |
| Trevis | |
| Tanto | |
| YRV | |
| Dacia | LOGAN |
| SANDERO | |
| Isuzu | Gemini |
| Pa Nero | |
| Piazza | |
| FAW | Vita |
| Fiat | Grande Punto |
| Punto | |
| Geely | MK |
| Otaka | |
| Vision | |
| Great Wall | GWPeri |
| Peri | |
| Hyundai | Accent |
| Amica | |
| Atos | |
| Atos Prime | |
| Getz | |
| i10 | |
| i20 | |
| Solaris | |
| VERNA | |
| Verna Hatchback | |
| Verna Sedan | |
| Honda | Accord |
| Airwave | |
| Beat | |
| Capa | |
| City | |
| Civic | |
| CIVIC VTI | |
| concerto | |
| CR-X | |
| Domani | |
| Fit | |
| FIT SPORT | |
| Freed | |
| Insight | |
| Integra | |
| Jazz | |
| JAZZ 4X4 | |
| Life | |
| Logo | |
| Mobilio | |
| Orthia | |
| That's | |
| Today | |
| Vamos | |
| Zest | |
| Kia | Picanto |
| Rio | |
| Rio II | |
| Shuma | |
| Shuma II | |
| Spectra | |
| Lifan | Smily |
| Solano | |
| Lotus | ELISE |
| EUROPA S | |
| Evora | |
| EXIGE | |
| Mazda | AZ-1 |
| AZ-3 | |
| AZ-Wagon | |
| Carol | |
| Demio | |
| Familia | |
| Lantis | |
| Laputa | |
| Revue | |
| Roadster | |
| Scrum Wagon | |
| Spiano | |
| Verisa | |
| 2 | |
| 323 | |
| MX-5 | |
| MX-5 Miata | |
| MX-5 ROADSTER | |
| MG | TF |
| ZR | |
| ZS | |
| Mini | Mini |
| Clubman | |
| Clubman S | |
| Cooper | |
| Cooper Cabrio | |
| Cooper Cabrio S | |
| COOPER CABRIOLET | |
| COOPER CABRIOLET S | |
| Cooper S | |
| Cooper S Cabrio | |
| One | |
| Mitsubishi | Carisma |
| Colt | |
| eK | |
| I | |
| Lancer | |
| Libero | |
| Minica | |
| Mirage | |
| Toppo | |
| Toppo B.J. | |
| Townbox | |
| Nissan | Be-1 |
| Bluebird | |
| Cube | |
| Figaro | |
| Luchino | |
| March | |
| Micra | |
| Micra C+C | |
| Moco | |
| Note | |
| NX | |
| OTTI | |
| Pino | |
| Presea | |
| Pulsar | |
| Rasheen | |
| Sunny | |
| Tiida | |
| Wingroad | |
| Opel | Agila |
| Agila II | |
| Astra | |
| ASTRA G | |
| Astra H | |
| COMBO | |
| COMBO TOUR | |
| Corsa | |
| Corsa B | |
| Corsa C | |
| CORSA COMBO | |
| Corsa D | |
| Calibra | |
| Meriva | |
| Tigra | |
| Tiger A | |
| Tiger B | |
| TIGRA TWINTOP | |
| Vectra | |
| Vectra A | |
| Vectra B | |
| Vita | |
| Peugeot | 107 |
| Renault | CLIO |
| CLIO 3 | |
| Clio II | |
| Clio II Sport | |
| Clio III | |
| Clio IV R | |
| Kangoo | |
| KANGOO 4WD | |
| Kangoo Compact | |
| LAGUNA | |
| LAGUNA (B56) | |
| Logan | |
| Megan II | |
| MEGANE | |
| MEGANE 2 | |
| MEGANE 2 CC | |
| MEGANE GRAND SCENIC | |
| Megane Scenic | |
| MODUS | |
| Sandero | |
| Sandero Stepway | |
| Scenic | |
| Scenic II | |
| Symbol | |
| TWINGO | |
| Rover | 25 |
| 25 STREETWISE | |
| 400 | |
| 45 | |
| Street Wise | |
| Saab | 9-2 X Aero |
| Saturn | Ion |
| S.C. | |
| Scion | xA |
| xB | |
| Seat | AROSA |
| AROSA (100) | |
| Cordoba | |
| CORDOBA (110) | |
| CORDOBA VT | |
| Skoda | Felicia |
| Subaru | Dex |
| Justy | |
| JUSTY II | |
| Justy III | |
| Justy IV | |
| Pleo | |
| R1 | |
| R2 | |
| Rex | |
| Sambar | |
| Stella | |
| Vivio | |
| Suzuki | Aerio |
| Alto | |
| BALENO | |
| Cara | |
| Cervo | |
| Cultus | |
| Every Wagon | |
| Kei | |
| Ignis | |
| Liana | |
| Liana ll | |
| MR Wagon | |
| Palette | |
| Solio | |
| Splash | |
| Swift | |
| Swift ll | |
| Twin | |
| Wagon R | |
| WAGON R+ | |
| Toyota | Allex |
| Augo | |
| Aygo | |
| bB | |
| Belta | |
| Carina | |
| Corolla | |
| Corolla II | |
| Corona | |
| Corsa | |
| Corolla Verso | |
| Cynos | |
| Duet | |
| Funcargo | |
| iQ | |
| Ist | |
| MR-S | |
| MR2 | |
| Passo | |
| Platz | |
| Porte | |
| Prius | |
| Pro Box | |
| Ractis | |
| Raum | |
| Serra | |
| Sienta | |
| Sparky | |
| Sprinter | |
| Starlet | |
| Succeed | |
| Wagon | |
| Tercel | |
| Vitz | |
| Will | |
| Yaris | |
| YARIS 1.5TS | |
| YARIS 2 | |
| YARIS D4D | |
| Yaris Verso | |
| Volkswagen | Corrado |
| Golf | |
| Jetta | |
| Lupo | |
| LUPO GTI | |
| Pointer | |
| Polo III | |
| Passat | |
| Polo | |
| Santana | |
| Vento | |
| ZAZ | Chance |
| VAZ | Largus |
| TagAZ | Accent |
| Doninvest Assol (L100) | |
| Vortex Corda |
| car brand | Model |
|---|---|
| Audi | 80 |
| Cabriolet | |
| Citroen | Berlingo |
| C2 | |
| C3 | |
| C3 Picasso | |
| C3 Pluriel | |
| C3 X-TR | |
| C4 | |
| C4 COUPE | |
| C4 Picasso | |
| C5 | |
| DS3 | |
| DS4 | |
| Grand C4 | |
| Saxo | |
| SAXO VTS | |
| Xantia | |
| Xsara | |
| XSARA COUPE | |
| XSARA COUPE VTR | |
| XSARA COUPE VTS | |
| Xsara Picasso | |
| Ford | Cougar |
| COUGAR ST200 | |
| Escort | |
| Fiesta | |
| FIESTA ST | |
| Focus | |
| FOCUS RS | |
| FOCUS ST170 | |
| Fusion | |
| Ka | |
| Mondeo | |
| Puma | |
| SPORT KA | |
| STREET KA | |
| Peugeot | 1007 |
| 106 | |
| 205 | |
| 205GTI | |
| 206 | |
| 206 CC | |
| 206 S.W. | |
| 207 | |
| 3008 | |
| 306 | |
| 306 CABRIOLET | |
| 306 S16 | |
| 307 | |
| 307 CC | |
| 307 S.W. | |
| 308 | |
| 308 CC | |
| 308 S.W. | |
| 309 | |
| 405 | |
| 406 | |
| 406 COUPE | |
| 408 | |
| Partner | |
| Partner Origin VU | |
| Partner Tepee | |
| Partner VU | |
| Volvo | 850 |
| Lifan | Breez |
| Mazda | 2 |
| Saleen | S121 |
| TagAZ | Doninvest Orion (J100) |
| car brand | Model |
|---|---|
| Audi | A1 |
| A2 | |
| A3 | |
| S3 | |
| TT | |
| Chevrolet | Cavalier |
| CAVALLIER LS | |
| CAVLIER COUPE | |
| CAVLLIER COUPE Z24 | |
| Sonic | |
| Chrysler | NEON |
| Neon II | |
| PT Cruiser | |
| PT Cruiser Cabrio | |
| Sebring | |
| SEBRING CABRIOLET | |
| SEBRING COUPE | |
| SEBRING Sedan | |
| VOYAGER | |
| Dodge | Caravan |
| Neon | |
| Stratus | |
| Honda | Civic |
| Lexus | CT200h |
| MG | ZT |
| ZT-T | |
| Nissan | Sunny |
| Plymouth | |
| Neon | |
| Pontiac | |
| Sunfire | |
| SUNFIRE GT | |
| Vibe | |
| Rover | 75 |
| Saab | 9-2x |
| Scion | tC |
| xD | |
| Seat | Cordoba |
| CORDOBA (110) | |
| CORDOBA VT | |
| Ibiza | |
| IBIZA (130) | |
| IBIZA SC | |
| Skoda | Fabia |
| FABIA (130) | |
| Fabia II | |
| OCTAVIA | |
| OCTAVIA 4WD | |
| OCTAVIA SRC 4WD | |
| Octavia Tour | |
| PRACTIC | |
| Roomster | |
| Subaru | Baja |
| Alcyone | |
| Exiga | |
| Forester | |
| FORESTER | |
| FORESTER (USA) | |
| Forester I | |
| Forester II | |
| Forester III | |
| FORESTER STI | |
| Impreza | |
| Impreza Anesis | |
| Impreza II | |
| Impreza III | |
| IMPREZA WRX | |
| IMPREZA WRX STI | |
| LEGACY | |
| Legacy Lancaster | |
| Legacy II | |
| Legacy III | |
| Legacy IV | |
| LEGACY SPECB | |
| OUTBACK | |
| Outback I | |
| Outback II | |
| Qutback III | |
| Traviq | |
| XV | |
| Toyota | Allion |
| Avensis | |
| Avensis II | |
| Caldina | |
| Camry | |
| Carina | |
| Cavalier | |
| Celica | |
| CELICA T23 | |
| Corona | |
| Curren | |
| Ist | |
| Opa | |
| Premium | |
| Prius | |
| Matrix | |
| Vista | |
| Voltz | |
| Will | |
| Wish | |
| Volkswagen | Beetle (A4) |
| Bora | |
| BORA(130) | |
| Cross Polo | |
| Corrado | |
| Golf | |
| Fox | |
| GOLF 4 | |
| GOLF 4 (170) | |
| GOLF 4 R32 | |
| Lupo | |
| LUPO GTI | |
| New Beetle | |
| POLO | |
| POLO GTI | |
| Polo IV | |
| Polo Sedan | |
| Polo V | |
| Polo V Sedan | |
| Vento | |
| GAS | Siber |
| car brand | Model |
|---|---|
| Alfa Romeo | 166 |
| Aston Martin | V12 Vanquish |
| Vanquish S | |
| Chery | M11 |
| Citroen | C5 |
| C6 | |
| Jumpy | |
| XM | |
| Ferrari | 348 GT |
| 348 Spider | |
| 355 F1 Berlinetta | |
| 355 F1 GTS | |
| 355 F1 Spider | |
| 360 MODENA | |
| 360 Spider | |
| 456 GT | |
| 456 GTA | |
| 458 ITALIA | |
| 512 TR | |
| 550 Barchetta Pininfarina | |
| 550 MARANELLO | |
| 575 M Maranello | |
| 599 GTB Fiorano | |
| Challenge Stradale | |
| F355 Berlinetta | |
| F355 GTS | |
| F355 Spider | |
| F430 Challenge | |
| F430 Spider | |
| F50 | |
| F512 M | |
| Superamerica | |
| Ford | C-Max |
| Focus | |
| FOCUS 2 | |
| FOCUS 2ST | |
| Focus C-Max | |
| FOCUS CC | |
| FOCUS RS | |
| Galaxy | |
| Kuga | |
| Mondeo | |
| MONDEO ST220 | |
| S-Max | |
| Taurus | |
| Taurus SE/SEL | |
| Thunderbird | |
| Tourneo Connect | |
| Transit Connect | |
| Jaguar | S Type CCX |
| S Type Estate | |
| S-TYPES-TYPE V8 R | |
| X-TYPE | |
| XF | |
| XJ | |
| XJ6 | |
| XJ8 SE | |
| XK | |
| XKR | |
| Renault | AVANTIME |
| CLIO | |
| Clio IV Sport 197 | |
| Clio V6 Evo Sport | |
| ESPACE | |
| Espace III Grand Espace | |
| Espace IV | |
| Kangoo | |
| KANGOO II | |
| LAGUNA | |
| Laguna 5 Stud | |
| LAGUNA II | |
| Laguna II G | |
| Megan II | |
| MEGANE 2 CC | |
| Megane II CC Coupe/Cabrio | |
| Megane II Turbo | |
| Scenic | |
| Scenic II | |
| VEL SATIS | |
| Lancia | Thesis |
| Land Rover | Evoque |
| Freelander 2 | |
| Lincoln | L.S. |
| LS6 | |
| LS8 | |
| MKS | |
| Mercury | Sable |
| MG | XPower SV |
| Maserati | 3200 GT |
| Coupe | |
| Gran Turismo | |
| Gran Turismo S | |
| Peugeot | 407 |
| 407 Coupe | |
| 407 S.W. | |
| 508 | |
| 605 | |
| 607 | |
| RCZ Sport | |
| Volvo | 240 |
| 740 | |
| 760 | |
| 780 | |
| 850 | |
| 940 | |
| 960 | |
| C30 | |
| C70 | |
| C70 Convertible | |
| C70 Coupe | |
| C70 Coupe Cabrio II | |
| S40 | |
| S40 II | |
| S60 | |
| S70 | |
| S80 | |
| S80 II | |
| S90 | |
| S90 (204) | |
| V50 | |
| V70 | |
| V70 (193) | |
| V70 (250) | |
| V70 (300) | |
| V70 I | |
| V70 II | |
| V70 III | |
| V70 XC | |
| V90 | |
| XC60 | |
| XC70 | |
| XC70 II | |
| XC70III | |
| XC90 | |
| GAS | 3102 |
| 31105 |
| car brand | Model |
|---|---|
| Audi | 100 |
| A3 | |
| A4 | |
| A4 ALLROAD | |
| A4 Allroad quattro | |
| A4 CABRIOLET | |
| A5 | |
| A6 | |
| A6 Allroad quattro | |
| A7 | |
| A8 | |
| Allroad | |
| RS4 | |
| RS5 | |
| RS6 | |
| Q3 | |
| Q5 | |
| R8 | |
| R8 V10 | |
| S3 | |
| S4 | |
| S5 | |
| S6 | |
| S7 | |
| S8 | |
| TT | |
| TT S | |
| TT RS | |
| V8 | |
| Bentley | Azure |
| Continental | |
| CONTINENTAL GT | |
| MULSANNE | |
| BMW | M3 |
| Chrysler | CROSSFIRE |
| Ford | Galaxy |
| Lamborghini | GALLARDO |
| Gallardo LP550-2 | |
| Gallardo LP560-4 | |
| Gallardo LP570-4 | |
| Mercedes-Benz | A-Class (W168) |
| A-Class (W169) | |
| B-Class (W245) | |
| B-Class (W246) | |
| C-Class (CL203) | |
| C-Class (W202) | |
| C-Class (W203) | |
| C-Class (W204) | |
| CL-Class (C140) | |
| CL-Class (C215) | |
| CL-Class (C216) | |
| CLC-Class | |
| CLK-Class (W208) | |
| CLK-Class (W209) | |
| CLS-Class (C219) | |
| E-Class (W210) | |
| E-Class (W211) | |
| E-Class (W212) | |
| GL-Class (X164) | |
| GLK-Class (X204) | |
| M-Class (W163) | |
| M-Class (W164) | |
| M-Class (W166) | |
| R-Class (W251) | |
| S-Class (W140) | |
| S-Class (W220) | |
| S-Class (W221) | |
| SL-Class (R230) | |
| SLK-Class (R170) | |
| SLK-Class (R171) | |
| SLR-Class | |
| Vaneo | |
| Viano | |
| Vito | |
| W 203 (CLC) | |
| W 204(GLK) | |
| W 212(E) | |
| W129 (SL) | |
| W129 (SL) MILLE MIGL | |
| W140(S) | |
| W140 (SEC) COUPE | |
| W163 (ML) | |
| W163(ML)ML55AMG | |
| W164 (ML) 63AMG | |
| W164(ML) | |
| W168(A) | |
| W169(A) | |
| W170 (SLK) | |
| W202(C) | |
| W203(C) | |
| W203(C)AMG | |
| W203 (C) KOMPRESSOR | |
| W203 (C) SPORT COUPE | |
| W204(C) | |
| W208 (CLK) | |
| W210(E) | |
| W211(E) | |
| W211 (E) KOMPRESSOR | |
| W215 (CL) COUPE | |
| W215 (CL) COUPE 55 A | |
| W219 (CLS) | |
| W220(S) | |
| W221(S) | |
| W230 (SL) | |
| W231 (SL) | |
| W245(B) | |
| W251(R) | |
| W251(R)63AMG | |
| W414 (VANEO) | |
| W638(V) | |
| W638 (VITO) | |
| WX164 (GL) | |
| X 204(GLK) | |
| 300SE | |
| 400SEL | |
| 500SE | |
| 500SEL | |
| 500SL | |
| 600SE | |
| 600SEL | |
| 600SL | |
| A160 | |
| A170 | |
| A190 | |
| A200 | |
| B170 | |
| B200 | |
| C180 | |
| C200 | |
| C220 | |
| C230 | |
| C240 | |
| C250 | |
| C280 | |
| C300 | |
| C320 | |
| CL500 | |
| CL550 | |
| CL600 | |
| CLK200 | |
| CLK240 | |
| CLK320 | |
| CLK350 | |
| CLS350 | |
| CLS500 | |
| CLS550 | |
| E220 | |
| E230 | |
| E240 | |
| E280 | |
| E300 | |
| E320 | |
| E350 | |
| E400 | |
| E430 | |
| E500 | |
| E550 | |
| ML270 | |
| ML320 | |
| ML350 | |
| ML430 | |
| ML500 | |
| ML550 | |
| R350 | |
| R500 | |
| R550 | |
| S280 | |
| S320 | |
| S350 | |
| S400L | |
| S430 | |
| S500 | |
| S500L | |
| S550 | |
| S600 | |
| S600L | |
| SL320 | |
| SL350 | |
| SL500 | |
| SL550 | |
| SL600 | |
| SLK200 | |
| SLK230 | |
| SLK280 | |
| SLK320 | |
| SLK350 | |
| V230 | |
| V350 | |
| Maybach | 57 |
| 57 S | |
| 62 | |
| 62 S | |
| Landaulet | |
| Seat | ALHAMBRA |
| ALHAMBRA (130) | |
| Alhambra Facelift | |
| Altea | |
| Altea Freetrack | |
| Altea XL | |
| EXEO | |
| EXEO ST | |
| LEON | |
| Leon ll | |
| Toledo | |
| TOLEDO (130) | |
| Skoda | OCTAVIA |
| OCTAVIA 4WD | |
| Octavia II | |
| Octavia lll | |
| Octavia Scout | |
| OCTAVIA SRC 4WD | |
| Octavia Tour | |
| Superb | |
| Superb ll | |
| Yeti | |
| Ssang Yong | Actyon |
| Chairman | |
| New Actyon | |
| Volkswagen | Beetle (A5) |
| Caddy | |
| CrossTouran | |
| Cross Golf | |
| Eos | |
| GOLF 5 | |
| GOLF 5 GTi | |
| GOLF 5 PLUS | |
| GOLF 6 | |
| GOLF 6 GTi | |
| Jetta | |
| JETTA 2 | |
| JETTA 5 | |
| JETTA 6 | |
| Passat | |
| Passat CC | |
| PASSAT W8 | |
| Phaeton | |
| PHAETON W12 | |
| Scirocco | |
| Sharan | |
| SHARAN SYNCRO | |
| T4 | |
| Tiguan | |
| Touran | |
| Transporter | |
| Vanagon |
Is it possible to install wheels with an unsuitable bolt pattern?
Some motorists, in an attempt to save on the purchase of spare parts with the necessary parameters, purchase products that do not correspond to the car brand. Such wheels are subjected to self-processing, the hub hole is widened, the location of the bolts is changed, and then they are installed on the car.
Theoretically, such a modification is possible, but the work must be carried out with maximum precision. It is impossible to measure a disc so correctly in a garage. And inaccurately drilled cutouts lead to wheel runout, destruction of the hub and suspension elements, and disruption of vehicle stability on the road.
Competent modification of the car in conditions close to factory ones is not economically feasible. The work will cost more than purchasing a wheel that initially matches all sizes.
Sometimes car owners are faced with the need to replace the wheels on their car with new ones. But as soon as you come to the store, car enthusiasts are immediately lost, such a large assortment of wheels is presented there. It is not possible to choose something specific. When choosing disks, you need to take into account a huge number of parameters. One of them is the diameter of the central hole of the disk. You can find out what it is, what it affects, what characteristics are best to choose for your car from this article.
What parameters do you need to know when selecting disks?
At first glance, it may seem that choosing a new rim for your wheel is easy. But then you come across designations of the following type: 4*108, 6S ET47, Dia 62.5, R17. Yes, this is exactly how all technical characteristics are indicated. Because disks have many parameters that need to be taken into account when purchasing. What do they include?
- Disc type: cast or stamped.
- Mounting holes: number and diameter.
- Hub shape.
- Diameter of the central hole (hub).
- Disc circumference diameter.
If these nuances seem unnecessary, then any wheel shop can help you. If you want to understand all the details yourself, let’s try to understand what the diameter of the central hole of the disk is. What is this?
What is the diameter of the center hole of the disk?
This is a hole in the middle of the disk, which, despite its apparent simplicity, determines many parameters of the car. In the list of wheel characteristics, it is usually marked as Dia or simply D. It should not be confused with the PSD designation, which indicates the size of the mounting holes. The diameter of the central hole of the disk must exactly match the diameter of the landing cylinder on the hub. Often the same wheels are produced for several car brands at once, so before purchasing, you must always check that this parameter corresponds to the manufacturer’s technical specifications. The disc may not fit correctly and not hold tightly, which is why you will constantly feel vibrations and uneven wheel travel. It's even better to buy original spare parts. If this is not possible, then carefully study the options for the size of the central hole. Typically, a deviation of 2-5 mm is allowed on cast wheels and 0.01 mm on stamped ones.
What parameters are affected by the central hole?
Manufacturers of modern wheel rims are faced with a huge number of brands and models with different parameters. Naturally, producing wheels individually for each car would be pointless and very expensive. Therefore, companies take the path of least resistance: they produce wheels with the largest possible central hole. And this does not have a very good effect on the behavior of the car, especially at high speeds. What other parameters does this hole affect?
- Uniform tire wear. Choosing a rim with the “wrong” center hole can result in uneven tire wear. Due to improper load distribution, the tread pattern may wear off on only one side, which will ultimately affect other characteristics of the car.
- Tire service life. How long you can drive on a new set of tires depends on the right choice. Properly selected wheels increase tire life.
- Steering wheel service life. If the car has developed a high enough speed, and the DIA is selected incorrectly, the steering wheel begins to “beat”, which ultimately leads to its breakdown.
- Body vibration. If at speeds above 80 km/h your car begins to “shake”, then most likely the problem lies in the diameter of the central hole of the alloy disk.
What to do if the central hole of the disk is larger than the diameter of the hub?
All wheel sellers recommend testing them in a car before purchasing, and it is advisable to drive them at least a short distance. It's even better to accelerate to a speed of 60-80 km/h to understand exactly how the new wheels behave. It is difficult to install wheels with a central diameter smaller than the hub diameter on a car. Is it possible to install wheels with a larger diameter? Of course, it is best to choose a hole that is ideal for your car. If this is not possible, then you can install a so-called universal disk, with a large central hole. To do this, you need to purchase a set of adapter rings that will compensate for the difference between the hub and the disk. Carefully ensure that they are not damaged during the season and that they are always put back after the seasonal change of wheels. When trying on disks, do not forget to check whether there are any rings left on the hub from previous disks.
Pros and cons of enlarging the center hole
What does the central hole affect, and will the technical parameters of the car change if it is enlarged? The positive aspects of a disk with a universal central diameter include:
- Availability - such discs can be found everywhere. As a rule, they are produced for a large number of brands and models, so choosing the one you need will not be difficult.
- Versatility - wheels with a large central hole fit many models.
- Price - since such a product is produced in large quantities, the price for it is slightly lower than for “exclusively” selected discs.
But not only advantages can be encountered if you choose a disk with an increased central diameter. This choice also has some not very pleasant consequences:
- At high speeds, due to the loose fit of the disc to the hub, the car begins to “beat”. Only replacing the disks can save you from this unpleasant phenomenon.
- In the worst case, if you select the disk incorrectly and do not install spacer rings, the threads on the wheel nuts may break off. This is an extreme option, but it still happens if you neglect safety rules.
Hub diameter for different cars
Each car has its own list of permissible wheel diameters. The parameters may change, you can usually find them out by the sticker next to the driver’s seat or from the technical characteristics of the car. The variety of diameters of the central hole sometimes confuses buyers. They sometimes differ by literally 0.1 mm. There are no uniform standards, so some manufacturers indicate data more accurately, while others less so. Some self-respecting disk manufacturers go further and indicate indicators not of 1/20 of a millimeter, but up to as much as 10 microns, i.e. up to 0.01 mm. What standards are accepted for cars of the most popular brands?
- The diameter of the central hole of the VAZ disk will be 58.6 mm.
- The same figure for Audi is 57.1 mm.
- The diameter of the central hole of the Honda disc is 64.1 mm.
- For BMW, the hub diameter ranges from 74.1 to 72.6 mm.
- In Citroen cars, the indicators also vary - you can find cars with a central hole diameter of 65.1 and 58.1 mm.
- Fords also have a wide range of sizes: 57.1; 63.4 and 64.1 mm.
Diameter of the central hole for Niva
Domestic Niva cars have fairly wide hubs. The diameter of the central disk hole of the Niva is approximately 98.5 mm or 3 and 7/8 inches. What car wheels can fit this car if it is not possible to buy original ones?
- Niva Chevrolet;
- Volga (GAZ 31024, 29), different years of production;
- or Jimni.
Diameter of the central hole of Renault Logan
When choosing wheels, owners of Renault Logan cars often wonder what parameters to choose among the variety of assortments? For Renault Logan disks, the diameter of the central hole must be at least 60.1 mm. At the same time, it is better to select their radius with indicators R14 and higher. Many rims are suitable for such conditions, which greatly simplifies the task for drivers.
When purchasing rims, experts advise paying attention to the following details:
- If you buy a stamped disc, be very careful when selecting parameters. Even a deviation of 0.1 mm will be critical: steel wheels do not use adapter rings, so you will not be able to ride on such wheels.
- The diameter of the central hole on cast disks can be easily determined using a special plastic ring. With it you will find out the exact parameters without resorting to outside help.
- If you purchase original wheels for your car, then you will not need any adapter wheels. As a rule, such a product is manufactured exactly to the parameters of the hub hole of a car of a certain brand.
