Audi cars are one of the most desirable representatives of the secondary market. There are several reasons for this interest: the high durability of many models, pleasant finishes, good equipment and excellent technical data. But when choosing a used "car with rings", you should be careful.
First, low prices are often a harbinger of twisted mileage or hidden defects. Second, parts and repairs are often expensive. Even if nothing breaks, maintenance costs will be high. At the same time, with an increase in the Audi class, the cost of ownership increases like an avalanche.
If the Audi A3 is not yet so expensive to maintain, then the Audi A6 may be unbearable. It's all about the more complex suspension, electronics and densely filled engine compartment.
Both gasoline and diesel engines can generate unexpectedly high costs. Among gasoline units, a breakthrough occurred in 2007. Then 1.4, 1.8 and 2.0 TFSI got under the hood of Audi. At the same time, numerous troubles rained down: the timing drive failed, oil zhor appeared, pistons collapsed. The V6 went bad a little earlier, when the fast and durable 2.4 was replaced by the 2.4 FSI.
No less complicated story in the diesel branch. An example of this is the successful 1.9 TDI and the failed 2.5 V6 TDI (the latest versions of which, for example, BAU, have already been practically freed from the drawback). Then came the unsuccessful 2.0 TDI PD with pump injectors and the decent 3.0 TDI V6. The 2.0 TDI PD was later replaced by the improved 2.0 TDI CR with common rail injection.
Petrol engines.
1.6 8V - low maintenance.
From a 1.6-liter gasoline aspirated, you should not expect good dynamics and efficiency. However, the Audi A3 with 1.6 8V is the cheapest Audi to maintain. Those who like dynamic driving should stay away from cars with such an engine.
This motor can be found under the hood of the Audi A3 (1st and 2nd generation) and A4 (B5 and B6). It was also widely used in other VW Group vehicles. Moderately decent rides only the first A3, which weighs a little over a ton. A4 B6 for 1.6 is too heavy. The disadvantages include fuel consumption. 9 liters per 100 km seem disproportionately large for mediocre dynamics.
However, in the era of complex motors, this is the only unit that guarantees low operating costs. Among the typical malfunctions, one can only note failing ignition coils and throttle contamination. Nothing expensive. Timing belt replacement? Installation of gas equipment? It doesn’t get cheaper, especially when compared with engines with direct injection and a timing chain drive.
The motor uses an aluminum body and head. The crankshaft is supported by five bearings, and multi-point (distributed) injection is responsible for the fuel supply. The camshaft is located in the head of the block.
Advantages:
Simple construction;
Cheap repair;
It tolerates the introduction of HBO;
The low cost of the car.
Flaws:
Poor dynamics (overtaking is difficult, especially in the case of the A4);
Relatively high fuel consumption.
1.8 Turbo is powerful and reliable.
The 1.8-liter turbocharged engine is still worthy of attention. It is durable and fairly cheap to repair. The possibility of tuning is also appreciated.
1.8 T provides decent performance and reasonable fuel consumption. This is one of the first turbo engines to be widely used. It can be found not only in Audi, but also in Volkswagen, Skoda and Seat. The engine was used even in industry.
The unit has a cast iron block, a forged steel crankshaft and an aluminum block head with 20 valves (3 intake and 2 exhaust per cylinder). A toothed belt is used to drive one camshaft, while the second shaft is connected to the first by a short chain. Turbine KKK without movable blades (invariable geometry), and fuel injection is distributed. The block in the "dry state" weighs about 150 kg.
It soon became clear that the 1.8 Turbo had a lot of potential. Serially, 240 hp was removed from it, and in the process of tuning it easily withstands boosting up to 300 hp. Of course, in the case of a tuned unit, vigilance should be increased, since it may already be hackneyed.
And yet, more often the turbo engine was not used for sports trips. Under normal conditions, a car with such an engine consumes from 9 to 14 liters per 100 km.
With age, a number of shortcomings were discovered (timing belt and thermostat), but their elimination does not require large expenditures.
Advantages:
Good compromise between performance and fuel consumption;
Availability and availability of spare parts;
Wide selection on the market.
Flaws:
Several unpleasant typical defects in older cars with high mileage (oil consumption and timing problems).
Application examples:
Audi A3 I (8L);
Audi TT I (8N);
Audi A4 B5, B6 and B7.
2.4 V6 - only until 2005.
Despite the emergence of increasingly powerful inline turbo-fours, Audi fans still prefer naturally aspirated petrol V6s, especially in early versions. Of course, you should not count on low fuel consumption - at least 10 liters per 100 km. In the city you have to reckon with even 20 liters. But, the trip will seem pleasant.
Two generations of the 2.4-liter engine should be clearly distinguished. They have the same volume and dimensions, but in 2004 there was a modernization. Before the upgrade, the block was cast iron, and the head had 30 valves (5 per cylinder). After that, the block became aluminum, the number of valves decreased to 24, direct injection and a timing chain appeared.
The latest innovations have failed. Due to the direct injection system (FSI), carbon deposits accumulated on the valves after several tens of thousands of kilometers. There were problems with the timing chain tensioner and a small mesh filter in the lubrication system. Complete disregard for noise often resulted in chain jumps and serious damage. In 2008, Audi eliminated the vulnerability of the timing drive, but the engine could not withstand the pressure of 4-cylinder turbo engines.
Advantages:
Good elasticity;
High reliability (only before upgrade);
Versions with distributed injection easily tolerate the installation of LPG.
Flaws:
The limited meaning of installing HBO in an updated version of FSI;
Expensive timing failures (FSI);
Fairly high fuel consumption.
Application examples:
Audi A4 II (B6);
Audi A6 C5 and C6.
Diesel engines.
1.9 TDI - durable and economical.
This is the most recognizable diesel of recent years. Even an older Audi with a 1.9 TDI is worth looking at - solid construction and inexpensive repairs.
1.9 TDI - the engine is a legend. Produced since 1991 and modernized many times. It has found application in many other VW Group vehicles.
The most reliable and cheapest in operation and repair is the 90-horsepower version with a distribution-type injection pump. The engine has a simple design, a constant geometry turbine and a single-mass flywheel.
Yes, minor problems sometimes happen. For example, with an exhaust gas recirculation valve, an air mass meter and a fuel pump. But for the most part, malfunctions are not caused by design flaws or poor quality, but by a decent age and high mileage.
The younger and more powerful versions of the 1.9 TDI have more solutions that can create problems. We are talking about a variable geometry turbine, a dual-mass flywheel, pump injectors and a DPF. However, even these versions against the background of diesel engines appear in a more favorable light.
The exception is the 2006-2008 BXE version, which, for example, fell under the hood of the second generation Audi A3. There are many cases of turning the liners after 120-150 thousand km.
Advantages:
Simple construction;
Good endurance;
Low fuel consumption.
Flaws:
Many hackneyed copies (the engine was installed until 2009, and since 2004 it has been gradually replaced by a 2-liter turbodiesel);
Low work culture: noise and vibration, especially after starting a cold engine.
Application examples:
Audi A3 I (8L) and II (8P);
Audi A4 B6 and B7;
Audi A6 C4 and C5.
2.0 TDI CR - finally all is well.
A 2-liter diesel engine is the main unit for most Audi models. Since 2007, he began to use the common rail injection system.
The design flaws of the 2.0 TDI with unit injectors prompted Volkswagen engineers to thoroughly modernize it. Changing the way you eat is the most important innovation. The pistons were also updated, problems with the oil pump drive were eliminated, a new block head and camshafts were installed. As a result, the durability of the engine was significantly improved, but there were also disadvantages.
When buying an Audi with a 2.0 TDI engine, you should check the history of the car. Often, these were cheap and economical versions purchased for commercial or corporate garages. They have huge mileage and have not always been well maintained.
Typical malfunctions affect the dual-mass flywheel and turbocharger. Piezoelectric injectors fail here no more often than competitors. Luckily, they are repairable. As part of the service campaign, the manufacturer changed high-pressure lines.
Advantages:
Good performance with acceptable fuel consumption;
Good durability (especially compared to 2.0 TDI PD);
Great variety of versions.
Flaws:
Expensive maintenance (complex design and expensive spare parts);
Significant mileage of many copies, despite the relatively young age.
Application examples:
Audi A4 III (B8);
Audi A6 III (C6).
3.0 TDI - for demanding.
High performance and dynamics are not the only advantages of the 3.0 TDI. Therefore, many choose it with pleasure, even despite the rather high maintenance costs.
The 3.0-litre turbodiesel was intended to correct the bad reputation of Audi's diesel V6s, which had been tarnished by the 2.5 TDI V6. The 3.0 TDI earned respect not only for its performance, but also for its durability. The block, cylinder head and crank mechanism turned out to be very strong. For each cylinder there are 4 valves and one piezoelectric injector.
The problems concern mainly the equipment. Most often they encounter a timing drive, the cost of replacing which is very expensive. Until 2011, 4 chains were used, and after - two. The drive chain is located on the gearbox side. To replace it, you have to remove the engine.
Not spared from the shortcomings of the damper in the intake manifold (repair kits are available) and DPF. The engine is constantly being improved, and in later versions, malfunctions are much less common.
Advantages:
High culture of work;
Good performance;
Low fuel consumption;
Good service life of many engine parts.
Flaws:
Expensive to troubleshoot timing, intake manifold and DPF;
Many copies on the market have high mileage and questionable technical condition.
Application examples:
Audi A5 I (8T/8F);
Audi Q7 I (4L);
Audi A8 II (D3).
Risky choice!
There are engines in the Audi range that are great in theory but painfully disappointing in practice. In particular, the first generation 1.4 TFSI with a problematic timing chain drive should be mentioned. Currently, a more reliable version with a timing belt drive is used.
The 1.8 and 2.0 TFSI engines with the code designation "EA888" tempt with high performance. However, they suffer from high engine oil consumption. There are problems with the turbine, camshafts and electronics.
There are black sheep among diesel units. For example, a 1.4 TDI with pump injectors was installed in the Audi A2. The problem is the appearance of crankshaft play, the elimination of which is not economically feasible. The 2.0 TDI PD is known for its cracking head and poor equipment durability. 2.5 TDI V6 is tormented by numerous blunders with the timing, as well as with the lubrication and power system.
Conclusion.
Once upon a time, buying an Audi was easier - the engines guaranteed quiet operation. Currently, you need to pay attention to the version. Along with really successful engines, those for which the designers should be ashamed were also used. At the same time, even a fairly reliable modern engine will be expensive to maintain and maintain.
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Volkswagen engines - diesel, contract, their cooling system, diagnostics, related videos
The Volkswagen concern produces a fairly wide range of powertrains, which includes spark-ignition gasoline engines and compression-ignition diesel engines. The concern installs its own developments both on cars and trucks.
Overview of Volkswagen Group engines
The Volkswagen concern, founded in Berlin on May 28, 1937, declared the production of affordable cars with optimal technical characteristics as a priority. The machines had to meet the following requirements:
- the highest possible level of security;
- reliable engine;
- economical use of fuel;
- acceptable comfort;
- salon for four people;
- minimal impact on the environment;
- decent quality trim.
In other words, the concern was supposed to produce budget cars with a powerful and economical engine.
Each VW Beetle owner imagined himself in a car with a powerful engine. The evolution of Volkswagen engines
All engines manufactured by the Volkswagen Group are tested in the accredited test center Deutsches Institut für Normung. The units have an efficient direct injection system and an environmentally friendly exhaust system. The group has received several innovation awards for its engines.
All powertrains have been developed in accordance with Volkswagen environmental standards Throughout its history, the concern has tried to make the engine more economical. The result of these studies was a unit that consumes 3 liters of fuel per 100 km. It was a three-cylinder diesel engine with a volume of 1.2 liters with an aluminum block, an injection system, a turbocharger and cooling of the supplied air. Reducing the number of cylinders slightly affected the dynamic characteristics of the engine. With minimal fuel consumption, the unit showed decent power due to:
- reducing the weight of the engine;
- reduce friction between contacting nodes and parts;
- increasing the efficiency of combustion of the air-fuel mixture;
- modernization of the injection system with exhaust gas turbocharger.
The family of light turbocharged petrol engines sets a new direction for the group The first Volkswagen engines
In 1938, the VW Type 1 was launched, with the revolutionary F4 four-cylinder engine mounted at the rear and air-cooled. The unit had a volume of 1.131 liters and a capacity of 34 liters. With. In the process of evolution, the engine volume increased from 1.2 to 1.6 liters. The latest model was the perfect combination of performance, efficiency and reliability. Due to the design of the carburetor, optimal proportions were observed when forming a combustible mixture. The 1.6 liter engine laid the foundation for a line of engines for cargo and passenger vans.
The production capacity of the Volkswagen engine plant in Kaluga allows the production of up to 5,000 engines per year Specifications of Volkswagen engines
The standard Volkswagen engine is a four-cylinder unit with an overhead camshaft and water cooling. Typically, the cylinder block, its head and pistons are made of aluminum alloy, and the crankshaft with three support bearings is made of forged steel.
Volkswagen engines have the following specifications:
- consumed fuel - gasoline or diesel fuel;
- cooling system - air or liquid;
- type of cylinder arrangement - in-line, V-shaped or VR;
- volume - from 1 to 5 l;
- power - from 25 to 420 liters. With.;
- fuel consumption - from 3 to 10 liters per 100 kilometers;
- number of cylinders - from 3 to 10;
- piston diameter - up to 81 mm;
- number of working cycles - 2 or 4;
- mixture ignition type - spark ignition or compression ignition;
- the number of camshafts - 1, 2 or 4;
- the number of valves in the combustion chamber is 2 or 4.
TSI petrol engines are the perfect combination of performance and economy. Even at low speeds, they deliver maximum torque, and the carefully crafted combination of piston displacement, turbocharging and direct injection delivers even fuel delivery.
The fuel injector atomizes the combustible mixture under high pressure Volkswagen gasoline engines are characterized by:
- formation of the fuel mixture in the intake manifold or directly in the combustion chamber;
- ignition of the mixture from spark plugs;
- uniform combustion of the mixture;
- quantitative adjustment of the mixture;
- four-stroke principle of operation with two revolutions of the crankshaft with an angle of 720 °.
Volkswagen TDI diesel engines with turbocharging and direct fuel injection are characterized by:
- economy;
- high traction power;
- productivity;
- reliability in operation.
Optimum viscosity of diesel fuel ensures good mixture formation in the combustion chamber The operation of a Volkswagen diesel engine is characterized by the following points:
- formation of a mixture of fuel and air in the combustion chamber;
- self-ignition of fuel from heated compressed air;
- high compression ratio;
- high-quality preparation of the mixture;
- the principle of operation of a four-stroke engine for two revolutions of the crankshaft.
Designers were able to compactly place an oversized engine in the engine compartment The advantages of Volkswagen gasoline engines are:
- low weight-to-power ratio (kg/kW);
- wide range of use;
- good dynamics;
- low cost;
- all-weather;
- ease of maintenance.
However, these units also have disadvantages. First of all it is:
- relatively high fuel consumption;
- weak traction at low speeds;
- increase in consumption when loading the cabin;
- fuel flammability.
Three-quarters of 2013 Volkswagen Jettas are equipped with a 2.0-litre turbodiesel engine The advantages of diesel engines include:
- low fuel consumption;
- high torque;
- lack of spark plugs;
- good handling at low speeds;
- good handling in high gears.
The disadvantages of diesels are:
- high requirements for fuel quality;
- seasonality of fuel (problem starting in cold weather);
- quite expensive service;
- the need for strict adherence to the frequency of changing oil and filters;
- high price.
Volkswagen engines for trucks
Vehicles carrying heavy loads are typically operated at low speeds and require increased engine power. The best option for them is an elastic diesel engine with an optimal ratio of its power and car weight. The higher the elasticity of the engine, the faster acceleration takes place. This is especially true in urban areas, where diesel units are much more efficient than gasoline ones.
The VW Crafter engine is a combination of practicality, functionality and economy Cylinder arrangement in Volkswagen engines
Depending on the location of the cylinders, there are:
- in-line engines;
- V-shaped engines;
- VR engines.
Each of the varieties has its own advantages and disadvantages.
inline engine
A conventional piston engine is a series of cylinders arranged one behind the other. It is most often installed on cars and trucks and usually consists of four cylinders, the countdown of which starts from the flywheel side.
The four-cylinder engine is most often installed on cars and trucks. As an advantage of a four-stroke engine with a longitudinally symmetrical crankshaft, good dynamics and relatively low cost are usually noted. The disadvantage of this unit is the increased requirements for space in the engine compartment, necessary for the location of the block of four cylinders.
V-engine
A V-shaped engine consists of several cylinders at an angle to each other. The tilt angle can reach 180°. Due to this, a larger number of cylinders can be placed in a limited space. All engines with eight or more cylinders are typically V-type (V6, V8 or V12). V4 units, compared to in-line counterparts, have a better weight-to-power ratio, but are more expensive to manufacture.
V-shaped engine consists of several cylinders located at an angle to each other Compared to an in-line engine, the V-engine is more compact and lightweight. So, the V12 is only slightly longer than the six-cylinder in-line engine. The disadvantage is its more complex design, certain difficulties in balancing, a high level of vibration and the need to duplicate some nodes.
Video: 8-cylinder V-engine operation
VR engine
The VR engine developed by the concern is a symbiosis of a V-engine with an extremely low camber angle (15°) and an in-line unit. Its six cylinders are arranged at an angle of 15°. This is different from traditional V-engines, in which this angle is 60° or 90°. The pistons are located in the block in a checkerboard pattern. This design allows you to combine the multiplicity of the V-shaped engine with the small width of the in-line engine and significantly saves space in the engine compartment.
VR engine is a combination of V-engine and in-line engine The VR engine also has a number of disadvantages:
- a large angle of inclination of the connecting rods leads to high radial loads on the pistons;
- the uneven length of the intake and exhaust channels affects the air supply and exhaust gases;
- the production of the cylinder head is quite expensive.
Characteristics of Volkswagen AG engines
The Volkswagen concern produces both petrol and diesel engines.
Volkswagen petrol engines
In the evolution of Volkswagen gasoline engines, several main models can be distinguished.
Table: specifications of Volkswagen gasoline engines
In the table, the engines are arranged in accordance with the letter code. The pre-1965 VW Beetle and VW Transporter engines did not have a letter code. They are marked in the table with code 1.
Volkswagen diesel engines
The main representatives of the Volkswagen diesel engine family are the following units.
Table: Volkswagen diesel engine specifications
Video: Volkswagen W8 engine operation
Factories producing engines for Volkswagen cars
The Volkswagen Group is the largest automaker in the world. The number of employees is 370 thousand people who work at 61 plants in 15 European countries, North and South America, Asia and Africa. Up to 26,600 vehicles are produced annually and sold in 150 countries. The main centers for the production of Volkswagen powertrains are:
Contract engines
Any engine has a limited service life. After this resource, the car owner can:
- make a major overhaul of the native engine;
- purchase under a contract in Europe or America and install a used engine.
The contract motor fully complies with the technical requirements, is a working unit dismantled from a similar car.
All contract engines are pre-sale tested. Suppliers usually adjust all systems, do a trial run and guarantee trouble-free operation and a long service life. In addition to contract engines, technical documents, attachments and mounting elements are included.
Overhaul of a car engine is not always advisable. Especially if this model is already out of production.
So, a familiar friend owned an original Volkswagen Golf 1.4 with a manual transmission in 1994. The machine was used year-round and at every opportunity. Sometimes, loaded to the limit. An old car with difficulty passed the rises with the engine is not the first freshness. The machine, though compact, but quite roomy. In the five years of ownership changed the clutch basket and release bearing. Timing belts and rollers perceived as consumables. Planned to change the pistons and make a major overhaul of the engine due to oil consumption, and low thrust. But on one of the trips, he didn’t keep track of the temperature and overheated the engine so that he moved his head. Repairs amounted to almost 80 percent of the cost of the car. This is a high price for a used car, not counting the time spent on repairs, searching for original parts or identical analogues. Then we had no idea about the possibility of replacing the engine with a complete set. Now they wouldn't even think about it.
The advantages of the engine purchased under the contract are:
- factory quality;
- work on high-quality fuel;
- little wear;
- large operational resource;
- use of high-quality lubricants;
- caring attitude from the former owners;
- strict observance of maintenance standards;
- dealer service;
- low cost compared to a new unit.
The disadvantages of such engines include:
- high mileage of foreign cars;
- inability to check the service life;
- lack of guarantees that the former owner will comply with the manufacturer's recommendations.
You should not purchase a power unit older than seven years. This is true for diesel engines.
Volkswagen engine life and manufacturer's warranty
Determining the degree of engine wear is quite difficult, since it depends on:
- resource regulated by the manufacturer;
- operating conditions;
- vehicle load;
- driving style.
Volkswagen guarantees that every part and assembly of the car meets the standards. This warranty is valid for one year or 20,000 km (whichever occurs first) from the date of purchase for individual parts and for 4 years or 100,000 km for the entire vehicle.
Lack of proper attention to the engine will accelerate its wear. A reliable mechanism does not cause trouble with increased wear of parts with regular replacement of engine oil.
The warranty is terminated in cases caused by:
- misuse;
- negligence during operation;
- change and modification of components and assemblies;
- incorrectly carried out repairs;
- incorrect adjustment of individual nodes;
- intentional damage to parts;
- using parts and consumables that do not match this model;
- use of vehicles for competitive and off-road purposes;
- non-compliance with the recommended service intervals and operating requirements;
- collision with objects;
- vandalism of others;
- environmental damage;
- floods;
- accidents;
- fire.
When buying a new car to extend the life of the engine, experts recommend paying attention to the following points:
- The first thousand kilometers on a new car should not be driven at high speeds. The crankshaft speed should not exceed 75% of the maximum possible value. Otherwise, oil consumption will increase and wear of the inner surface of the cylinders will begin. This can significantly reduce the resource of the power unit.
- The engine should be warmed up before driving. This condition is especially important for turbo engines and diesel engines.
- In new diesel engines, the oil level should be checked at every refueling.
- The engine maintenance interval recommended by Volkswagen must be strictly observed.
Self-diagnosis of the engine
In a modern car, the engine control unit controls the operation of sensors and main components. Possible malfunctions are indicated by signal lamps in the instrument cluster - for example, the Check Engine indicator. In addition, through a standard OBD-II port, you can connect diagnostic equipment and get detailed information about the operation of individual systems by reading fault codes.
Self-diagnosis allows you to avoid additional costs when visiting a car service Living in a rural area, you do not always have the time and opportunity to visit a service center. But you should not put up with a malfunction, because then there will be more problems. So, the diagnostic scanner helped me out in identifying a faulty knock sensor with code P0326 “Signal out of range”. In addition, the adapter helped to independently detect a problem area with almost worn out brushes of the generator. Code P0562 informed about the low voltage level of the on-board network. The solution to the problem was to replace the "tablet" with a new copy. The use of the scanner even in the error reading mode made it possible to restore the original state of the engine key parts. And sometimes it was enough to reset the system errors of the on-board computer when a malfunction was detected in order to calmly hit the road.
Necessary diagnostic tools
For computer diagnostics you will need:
- a diagnostic device corresponding to the vehicle's electronic system;
- computer or smartphone to decrypt the received information.
Through a standard OBD-II port, you can connect a diagnostic adapter and get detailed information about the operation of individual vehicle components Troubleshooting algorithm for the OBD-II diagnostic adapter
Volkswagen engine cooling system
The smooth operation of Volkswagen engines is largely determined by the efficiency and reliability of the cooling system, which is a closed circuit connecting the power unit, radiator and pipelines. Coolant (coolant) circulates through this circuit. The heated liquid is cooled in the radiator. The basis of the coolant is ethylene glycol, which is stable over a wide temperature range. The manufacturer recommends using only certain brands of coolant.
Engine coolant is usually colored so any leaks are easy to spot.
The engine cooling system is a closed circuit through which antifreeze is forcibly circulated: 1 - radiator; 2 - pump; 3 - fan; 4 - thermostat; 5 - interior heater; 6 - cabin heater valve; 7 - engine; 8 - direction of air flow The water pump provides forced circulation of coolant through the cooling circuit and is driven by a belt. The pipelines of the Volkswagen engine cooling system consist of hoses, a radiator and an expansion tank. The temperature control devices include sensors, a thermostat, a radiator and expansion tank cap and a fan. All these elements function independently of the power unit. Temperature control allows you to adjust the performance of the engine and the composition of the exhaust gases.
Cooling system malfunctions
Most cooling system problems are the result of a lack of proper maintenance of its elements and untimely replacement of the coolant. The radiator and pipes are subject to wear, reducing cooling efficiency.
The main symptoms of malfunctions are small spots of coolant under the car after overnight parking and a strong smell of coolant when driving.
The most common cooling system problems are:
- low coolant level, leading to the appearance of air pockets, overheating and accelerated corrosion of exposed metal surfaces;
- the use of low-quality coolant or a type not recommended by the manufacturer;
- leakage or blockage of the radiator and expansion tank;
- water remaining in the system after flushing it;
- damage to the water pump drive belt;
- coolant leak.
By the nature of the spreading of the liquid, you can determine the location of the leak You should not joke with the cooling system, so you should periodically check the fluid level.
If the engine overheats significantly, the cylinder head may be deformed and the effectiveness of the sealing gasket will decrease.
Trouble-shooting
You can keep your cooling system in good working order by following these simple procedures:
- daily inspection of the system for coolant leaks;
- control of the composition of the coolant, the exclusion of water entering the system;
- complete flushing of the system after draining the old coolant;
- periodic cleaning of the radiator from leaves, debris and dirt;
- periodically check the tension and condition of the pump drive belt.
Video: fixing a coolant leak on a VW Jetta
Prevention of the cooling system involves the following actions:
- periodic cleaning of the engine compartment;
- coolant replacement every five years;
- replacement of hoses every two years;
- thermostat replacement at high engine temperature;
- tension adjustment and timely replacement of the water pump belt;
- replacement of the pump at the first signs of a malfunction;
- checking and replacing the cooling fan and temperature sensors with a slow drop in engine temperature.
Obviously, the trouble-free operation of the cooling system is possible only with the correct operation of other systems and components of Volkswagen vehicles.
Thus, the range of engines of the Volkswagen concern is quite wide. Each potential car owner can choose a power unit in accordance with their wishes, financial capabilities and vehicle operating conditions.
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Top 10 Most Reliable Engines - DRIVE2
Fiat 1.2 / 1.4 8V "FIRE".
Production: since 1993 - 1.2 liters, since 2003 - 1.4 liters.
Application: Fiat Punto/Grande Punto/Punto Evo, Fiat 500, Fiat Panda, Fiat Idea, Fiat Palio, Ford Ka (2nd generation), Fiat Linea, Lancia Musa, Lancia Y.
Fiat's engines of the FIRE series (Fully Integrated Robotised Engine - an engine completely assembled by robots) are already over 30 years old. The range of power units covers a wide range of engines with a working volume from 769 cm3 to 1368 cm3, and 8-valve versions were later supplemented with 16-valve ones. Two 8-valve units without hydraulic pushers are worthy of attention.
In general, all versions of engines with an 8-valve head, regardless of the displacement, turned out to be very durable. The simple design showed high wear resistance even in small displacement engines (eg 1.1). Outdated 8-valve versions after a timing belt break will not require a major overhaul, which is inevitable for more modern modifications that have a higher compression ratio and comply with Euro-5 standards.
FIRE engines have always been characterized by "plasticity" of character. Incredibly, two absolutely identical motors after running in behaved completely differently. So with calm drivers, he behaved lazily, and with temperamental drivers, he behaved more briskly.
Regular maintenance involves changing the timing belt, spark plugs and a reasonable oil change interval (in Europe it is a maximum of 15,000 km). These engines are absolutely reliable, only occasionally they can be disturbed by minor oil leaks.
Ford 1.3 8V Duratec "Rocam".
Production: 2001-2008
Application: Ford Ka (1st generation), Ford Fiesta VI.
The engine is similar in design and parameters to the older 1.3 OHV. It has a cast iron block, timing chain and hydraulic tappets. The power unit is rather lazy, but absolutely reliable. It has good traction at low revs and requires minimal operating costs. The motor was assembled in Brazil and South Africa (South Africa). The abbreviation Rocam stands for Shaft with Roller Bearings.
Along with the ancient OHC "Pinto" unit (used, for example, in the Ford Sierra), this is one of the most reliable engines that has ever been under the hood of a Ford. The larger 1.6L Rocams are much rarer. They were used mainly in the "charged" Ford SportKa and Ford StreetKa.
Honda 2.2 i-DTEC.
Production: 2008-2015.
Application: 8th generation Honda Accord, 3rd generation Honda CR-V, 9th generation Honda Civic.
In fact, 98% of Honda's gasoline units could be listed here, and no one would object. But much more interesting is the fact that the Japanese diesel engine turned out to be very reliable. And this despite the fact that its design uses all the most vulnerable elements of modern diesel engines, which the best of competitors cannot cope with.
Using a single-row timing chain is completely counterproductive, not to mention a thermally unstable aluminum block with thin, dry steel cylinder inserts (complicating heat dissipation), any BMW N47 diesel connoisseur will tell you.
In 2.2 i-DTEC, such a set works properly for a long time. Even the piezoelectric injectors, the turbocharger (has water-cooled bearings) and the electrically controlled EGR valve do not cause problems. The normally carbonized swirl flaps in the intake manifold were replaced with a bypass valve upstream of the bifurcated intake port, with the EGR plugged in behind it.
The only known drawback is the failure of the differential pressure sensor of the DPF filter.
Mercedes M266 (1.5 / 1.7 / 2.0).
Production: 2004-2012.
Application: Mercedes A-Class (W/C 169), Mercedes B-Class (T 245).
Strong and reliable diesel engines from OM601 to OM606 are known from the legendary W124. But they are long out of date. However, among the newer units you can find a hardy motor. This is M266. The 4-cylinder petrol engine is an evolution of the previous M166, known from the first A-Class and Vaneo.
The engine received a specific design, as it had to be placed at a large slope in a cramped engine compartment. The engineers relied on simplicity: only one timing chain and 8-valve gas distribution mechanism.
The mechanical part is very reliable. Injector failures are very rare (which is somewhat surprising for an indirect injection gasoline engine). But in most cases, the defect manifested itself during the warranty period.
All three versions of the motor are very hardy. The presence of turbocharging for modifications of the A200 Turbo theoretically increases the likelihood of malfunctions, but in reality nothing of the kind happens. The disadvantages include slightly increased fuel consumption, but this merit is not enough good aerodynamics of the body.
Mitsubishi 1.3 / 1.5 / 1.6 MIVEC (4A9 series).
Production: since 2004.
Application: Mitsubishi Colt, Mitsubishi Lancer, Mitsubishi ASX, Smart ForFour, Citroën C4 Aircross.
Almost all Mitsubishi gasoline engines are very reliable, so choosing the best one is not easy. One of the most common is the 4-cylinder unit of the 4A9 series. It was created in a Mitsubishi/Daimler-Chrysler collaboration and is one of the most reliable engines on the market today.
4A9 is made entirely of aluminum, has a 16-valve DOHC gas distribution system, a variable valve timing system for intake valves with MIVEC electronic control (some versions of the 1.3-liter engine are deprived of it). Although the engine is over 10 years old, no problems are known. Cars with such engines come to the service only for maintenance - replacement, oil, filters and candles.
4A9 is only atmospheric. Turbocharged Colt CZT/Ralliart models use a completely different Mitsubishi "Orion" engine. The Citroen C4 Aircross inherited the engine from its tech twin, the Mitsubishi ASX 1.6 MIVEC, but sold it under the simple name 1.6 i, and in some markets even the downright amazing 1.6 VTi.
PSA 1.4 HDi 8V (DV4).
Production: since 2001.
Application: Citroen C1, C2 Citroen, Citroen C3, Citroen Nemo, Peugeot 107, Peugeot 1007, Peugeot 206, Peugeot 207, Peugeot Bipper, Toyota Aygo, Ford Fiesta, Ford Fusion, Mazda 2.
The small 1.4 HDi can be seen as the successor to the legendary XUD7/XUD9. Even despite the fact that "on paper" the 1.4 HDi was created in collaboration with Ford (as was the larger 1.6 HDi). In fact, this is a completely French design, which turned out to be very successful.
Like Honda, the French were able to create a solid aluminum block with dry inserts. The timing belt is capable of going 240,000 km or 10 years. A simple turbocharger will last forever. The common rail injection system from Siemens has proven itself right from the start. Mazda, Ford and some PSA models have recently mentioned the Bosch injection system.
Initiates know that there is also a 16-valve version with a return of 90 hp. for more powerful options - Citroen C3 1.4 HDi and Suzuki Liana 1.4 DDiS. With its leaky 16-valve head, variable geometry turbocharger and Delphi injection system, this engine will never match the simple 8-valve version in terms of reliability.
Subaru 3.0 / 3.6 R6 (EZ30 / EZ36).
Production: since 2000.
Application: Subaru Legacy, Subaru Outback, Subaru Tribeca.
Of all the illustrious Subaru boxers, the most reliable are the naturally aspirated six-cylinder EZ series, known from the Outback, Legacy 3.0R and the Tribeca crossover. The first versions of the 3-liter Outback H6 (219 hp until 2002) still had a mechanical throttle control and an aluminum intake manifold. Later modifications (245 hp), despite more sophisticated technologies (among others, the system for regulating the height of the lift and the phases of the intake valves, and in 3.6 also the exhaust ones), did not become more “vulnerable”.
The engine has so-called wet cylinder liners and a durable timing chain. The only real drawbacks are the relatively high fuel consumption (especially in the Legacy 3.0 Spec B equipped with a sports manual with a short-throw gear selector) and minor maintenance difficulties (for example, to change spark plugs due to poor accessibility to the "horizontal" position engine).
Suzuki 1.3/1.5/1.6 DOHC "M".
Production: since 2000.
Application: Suzuki Jimny, Suzuki Swift, Suzuki Ignis, Suzuki SX4, Suzuki Liana, Suzuki Grand Vitara (1.6), Fiat Sedici (1.6), Subaru Justy III.
M series engines include 1.3, 1.5, 1.6 and 1.8 small capacity motors. The latter is exclusively for the Australian market. On the European continent, the power unit is found in almost all small and medium Suzuki models that appeared at the turn of our millennium, and in the Fiat Sedici 1.6, which is a copy of the Suzuki SX4. The mechanical part of the engine is very reliable and durable. Even the VVT variable valve timing system, which is used by most engine modifications, is not satisfactory. It is not only in the 1.3-liter version, designed for Ignis and Jimny until 2005, and the old 1.5 modifications for the SX4.
The timing chain drive is reliable. Among the minor drawbacks, small oil leaks through the crankshaft oil seal can be noted. More serious malfunctions are almost never encountered.
Toyota 1.5 1NZ-FXE Hybrid.
Production: since 1997.
Application: Toyota Prius I, Toyota Prius II, Toyota Yaris III Hybrid.
As with Honda, almost all Toyota engines could be included in this review, but let's focus on the hybrid, which is still viewed with skepticism by most motorists. And this despite the fact that this power unit has unprecedented reliability. A simple high compression gasoline engine running on the Atkinson cycle, a permanent magnet synchronous electric motor and nothing else.
There are no gearboxes in the classical sense, and therefore there are no problems with this device. Instead, a planetary gearbox with two inputs and one output is used. The gear ratio changes depending on the difference in the speeds of rotation of both engines.
The most frightening thing is the expensive battery. But so far none of the owners have changed it. European competitors cannot match the phenomenal Japanese reliability.
Volkswagen 1.9 SDI / TDI.
Production: 1991-2006 (in some markets until 2010).
Application: Audi 80 B4, Audi A4 (1st generation), Audi A3 (1st generation), Audi 100/A6 (C4), Audi A6 (C5), Seat Alhambra, Seat Ibiza, Seat Cordoba, Seat Inca, Seat Leon, Seat Toledo, VW Caddy, VW Polo, VW Golf, VW Vento, VW Bora, VW Passat, VW Sharan, VW Transporter, Ford Galaxy (1st generation), Škoda Fabia and Škoda Octavia (1st generation).
Without a doubt, this is one of the most famous, but perhaps the most controversial engine on our list. The SDI/TDI engines are based on the old 1.9 D/TD. They received direct injection, the thermal loads on the block head were reduced and a Bosch rotary pump was installed, however, it is sensitive to fuel quality.
The reliability and durability, especially of the simple naturally aspirated 1.9 SDI versions, deserves respect. The engine is able to cover more than one million kilometers without major investments. Often mentioned problems with the mass air flow sensor are not taken into account.
Paradoxically, the most reliable turbocharged option is only the 90 PS TDI with a maximum torque of 202 Nm (code designation 1Z or AHU). This turbodiesel appeared in the early nineties and was used in Audi, Golf III, Passat B4, Seat until 1996-1997.
Among the Skoda Octavia, the CMA is considered the best TDI. Its small fixed-geometry turbocharger exhibits much greater survivability than the 90-horsepower ALH's variable-geometry supercharger. The latter was prone to blade sticking, just like the 110 hp version.
The only weak point of SDI/TDI, especially in the early years of production, is the crankshaft damper pulley.
Taken from the site.vvm-auto.ru/
www.drive2.ru
Volkswagen EA827/EA113 1.8 engine
| Production | Audi Hungaria Motor Kft. Salzgitter Plant Puebla Plant |
| Engine brand | EA827 / EA113 |
| Release years | 1983-2002 |
| Block material | cast iron |
| Supply system | carburetor/injector |
| Type | in-line |
| Number of cylinders | 4 |
| Valves per cylinder | 2/4/5 |
| Piston stroke, mm | 86.4 |
| Cylinder diameter, mm | 81 |
| Compression ratio | 8.5-10 |
| Engine volume, cc | 1781 |
| Engine power, hp / rpm | 68-139/4000-5800 |
| Torque, Nm/rpm | 144-168/2100-4250 |
| Fuel | 92-95 |
| Environmental regulations | - |
| Engine weight, kg | 110+ |
| Fuel consumption, l / 100 km - city - highway - mixed. | 6.0 7.6 |
| Oil consumption, g/1000 km | up to 1000 |
| Engine oil | |
| How much oil is in the engine | 4 |
| When replacing pour, l | 3.5-4 |
| Oil change is carried out, km | 15000 (preferably 7500) |
| Operating temperature of the engine, hail. | 90 |
| Engine resource, thousand km - according to the plant - in practice | - 300+ |
| Tuning - potential - without loss of resource | 200+ n.a. |
| The engine was installed | Audi 80 Audi 90 Audi 100 Audi A4 Audi A6 Audi Cabriolet Audi Coupe Seat Cordoba Seat Ibiza Seat Leon Seat Toledo Volkswagen Bora / Jetta / Vento Volkswagen Golf Volkswagen Passat Volkswagen Pointer |
The engine of the Volkswagen EA827 family, with a volume of 1.8 liters, was released in 1983, and differs from the younger 1.6 liter engine in an increased piston stroke. The bottom of the engine is a cast-iron cylinder block, the head was placed on 8, 16 and 20 valves, the latter being produced with a variable valve timing system at the intake and in a turbo version. On VW engines of this type, with a volume of 1.8 liters, hydraulic compensators are installed and valve adjustment is not required. Timing belt drive, belt replacement interval ~ 60,000 km., when the belt breaks on the 8 valve, in most cases, the valve does not bend, on 16 and 20 valve motors it bends. Since 1994, on the basis of this power unit, a 1.8T turbo engine has been created, which is widely used in Audi, Skoda, Seat and Volkswagen. Also, this motor is related to the 2-liter 8-valve.
Engine modifications VW 1.8 EA827/EA113
1. ADF - single-shaft, eight-valve, carburetor version of the engine. Compression ratio 9, power 68 hp 2. HT - single-shaft, eight-valve, single injection, and for the 1985 Golf II, 105 hp. 3. RD - engine 8V, compression ratio 10, power 107 hp Production from 1985 to 1987. 4. RP - cylinder head SOHC 8V, piston for compression ratio 9, power 90 hp. Production: 1987-1991 5. RV / PF - analogue of RD, produced from 87 to 92. 6. PB - compression ratio 10, power 112 forces. Production: 1987 - 1991 7. GZ / EV - engine with 112 horsepower, SJ 10, production: 1987-1988 8. GX - compression ratio 8.5, power 86 hp Production: 1984 - 1992 9. ABS / ADZ / ANP - SOHC 8V, compression ratio 10, power 90 forces. Production: 1991 - 1995 10. AAM / ANN - an analogue of the above model with a piston for a compression ratio of 9.5, a lower camshaft, a smaller diameter exhaust, a power of 75 forces. Production: 1991 - 2000 11. 1P - engine with cylinder head SOHC 8V, compression ratio 10, power 98 hp. Production: 1988 - 1991 12. KR - VW engine with cylinder head DOHC 16V, compression ratio 10, power 139 hp. Was put on Golf and Passat B3. 13. DZ - single-shaft SOHC, eight-valve engine, with distributed fuel injection, other camshafts, compression ratio 11, power 111 hp. Production: 1983 - 1991 Put on the Audi model. 14. AGN / APG - modification with a 20-valve twin-shaft cylinder head DOHC, with distributed injection, compression ratio 10.3, power 125 hp. Produced from 1997 to 2000. Installed on Volkswagen Golf IV and Bora, SEAT Leon, SEAT Toledo, Skoda Octavia, Audi A3.
15. ADR / ARG / APT / AVV - an analogue of the above motor for VW Passat, Audi 80, Audi A4 and Audi A6.
Weaknesses EA113 / EA827, malfunctions and their causes
1. The problem with turnover. It's stalling. Check pillow under single injection, coolant temperature sensor, idle valve and throttle. 2. High fuel consumption. Check lambda probe and coolant temperature sensor. 3. Engine noise. Usually this problem is caused by the hydraulic chain tensioner and is solved by replacing the tensioner with the chain.
4. Oil leaks. Most likely you have knocked out a hardened oil cooler gasket, change it and the leak will stop.
In addition, the crankcase ventilation system is constantly clogged and requires cleaning, the viscous coupling of the fan, the pump often fails, and in general, given the age of these atmospheric engines, anything can fail at any time. Summing up, it is worth noting. In general, the motor is not bad and, with proper maintenance, quite resourceful, but its time has passed and today it is worth looking towards more modern power units.
Volkswagen EA113 / EA827 engine tuning
Atmospheric. Turbo
For weak modifications of 1.8 liter Volkswagen engines, the easiest way to increase power is to install a camshaft from more powerful engines, like ADZ, ABS and others. In addition, it is worth adding pistons from the same motor and ECU firmware to this, these manipulations will lead to a small but very noticeable increase in horsepower. A further increase in power, with the help of factory parts, can be continued by installing a 16 valve cylinder head. If this is not enough, then you should buy a sports camshaft with a phase of 270 or more (Autotech for example), install a 4-2-1 spider, straight-through exhaust, cold intake and adjust (for example, in January). It is pointless to fence something even more powerful, the motor is old and constant breakdowns will spoil the picture. It is pointless to turbocharge the engine with a turbo kit or convert it into a standard VW 1.8T, almost everything will go under the replacement along with the mounted one, only the cylinder block with the crankshaft will remain native. It is much easier and more reliable to buy a contract 1.8 turbo engine and use reliable factory 150-240 hp.
The Volkswagen Group (VW) is one of the most powerful global automakers after the legendary General Motors. It includes a lot of well-known brands of cars for which the company produces and installs engines.
Description of engines
Volkswagen engines mean power and reliability. The range of power units is quite extensive. Engines manufactured by VW are considered the best in Europe and have a good reputation even in America. So, the company supplies engines not only to its own brand of cars, but also to such well-known brands as Audi, Skoda, Porshe, Seat, Beantly and even sports cars - Lamborgini and Bugatti.
As you can see, power units from the concern have become quite widespread throughout Europe. Volkswagen produces engines - atmospheric, turbocharged, diesel and others. All of them have gained great popularity among motorists from different countries due to their reliability.
The only drawback of the engines is a rather complicated repair, which can only be correctly carried out at specialized automotive repair stations.
Specifications and model range
VW engines, as mentioned earlier, have high technical characteristics, as they are designed and assembled by highly qualified specialists. The range of engines produced by the company is quite large. So, there are small-capacity power units, such as 1.2, 1.4, 1.8 and 2.0 marked TSi.
These are turbocharged gasoline power units with low fuel consumption and power from 100 to 200 horsepower. Separately, VAG engines were developed for the Skoda subsidiary, which were widely used in other models of the concern. The average resource of Volkswagen engines is 300,000 km.
In addition to gasoline engines, Volkswagen and other brands were equipped with diesel injection power units. Diesels received the TDi marking. They are most widely used for trucks VW Caddy, VW Transporter, VW Crafter and others.
Most of the concern's cars, such as Audi and Bentley, are equipped with engines with a V6 and V8 configuration. The greatest pride of the manufacturer are the engines for world-famous sports cars. So, sports variants of Lamborghini, Audi and Bugatti vehicles received V10, V12, WR12 configuration engines.
The legendary Bugatti Veyron engine with a volume of 8 liters, also produced by VW. At the same time, it has a distinctive configuration - W16, this is considered the best Volkswagen engine in the entire history of production.
It is assembled by hand and goes through a series of complex tests before getting directly into the vehicle. At the same time, the motor resource, according to the manufacturer's data, is 1 million km of run.
Motor oil for Volkswagen is produced by a subsidiary of VAG. This lubricant has high technical characteristics. As for the oil in the Bugatti Veyron engine, the concern has developed a special high-density lubricant for this model. The average maintenance for this car would be $21,000 for a single trip to the auto repair shop.
Repair of power units
Repair of Volkswagen engines, depending on the model, will fluctuate in price. So, the 1.4 TSi power unit will be cheaper to repair than the 1.8 TDi. At the same time, the principles of repair for each power unit will differ not only in price, but in the ongoing processes. It depends on the design features of each power unit separately, as well as the cost of spare parts.
As for maintenance, almost all service manuals contain one number and the order of work. So, the recommended maintenance should be carried out every 12-15 thousand kilometers. However, this is only the norm for changing the oil and filters.
It is worth noting that the amount of oil in the engine of each modification is different and must be studied for each specific engine separately. The name of the motor is written on the power unit itself, on a special plate or in the service book.
A major overhaul of a Volkswagen engine is carried out immediately upon the expiration of the engine resource or the deterioration of spare parts. So, the wear of engine parts is affected by how often maintenance is carried out, what spare parts and materials are used, as well as the driving style of the driver.
Usually, a resource and a suitable overhaul can be found in a specialized car service, where they will conduct a comprehensive diagnosis and determine the real state of the motor.
Well, if a motorist decides to carry out an independent repair of a Volkswagen engine, then he will definitely need to repair and maintain the engine, which are produced by the manufacturer according to the name of the brand, model and year of manufacture of the vehicle. The selection of spare parts for the engine can be carried out by deciphering the identification number of the engine or body, where all the data is written.
Change of oil
Oil change is an essential operation for all engines. This is due to the fact that the lubricating fluid loses its technical and chemical qualities during operation. So, changing the oil in Volkswagen engines is quite simple if you follow the prescribed steps:
- The engine is allowed to cool down.
- The engine protection is removed.
- The container is substituted and the drain plug is unscrewed.
- After the lubricating fluid has escaped, the plug is screwed in, while replacing the sealing ring.
- Next, the oil filter element is unscrewed. This is done using a special puller.
- A little new oil is poured into the new filter, and it is twisted.
- New lubricant flows through the filler neck. The amount of oil is determined in the manuals for the repair and maintenance of the engine of the corresponding marking.
- The engine is allowed to run for 5-7 minutes, and then the oil level is checked. If necessary, it is added to the required amount.
Volkswagen engine tuning is carried out by analogy with other engines. So, there are two options for finalizing the engine: software (the most common) and mechanical (popularly - boring and installing additional spare parts).
By software refinement is meant - chip tuning, which in turn is divided into two subgroups: soldering the chip and programming the electronic engine control unit. The first option should be carried out only by professionals at a specialized car service, since the process is quite specific and requires in-depth knowledge of automotive electrics.
As for the second option, most motorists carry it out with their own hands. This will require a little knowledge or instructions found on the vastness of the global network, a special USB-Car cable and a laptop. Accordingly, you need to download the software.
Software chip tuning aimed at improving the necessary characteristics of the motor. So, motorists usually choose one of two options: reducing consumption or increasing power. At the same time, balanced chip tuning is used less frequently.
The manufacturer does not recommend chip tuning their engines. But, as practice has shown, such recommendations do not affect the opinion of drivers, and therefore the company has specially released several official firmware for its power units, which are called Stage +.
The latest version for engines today has the 5th version. It allows you to select the necessary parameters at the time of programming the electronic engine control unit.
Conclusion
Volkswagen engines have a fairly rich line of names and markings. So, the concern produces power units for such well-known brands of cars - Audi, Skoda, Porshe, Seat, Beantly and even sports cars - Lamborgini and Bugatti.
The company's motors have proven themselves very positively. They have a high resource of use and are reliable. And even if the power unit was repaired, it will serve the owner for a long time. The Volkswagen engine is the benchmark for German automotive quality.
The German concern Volkswagen Group (VW Group) is one of the most famous European car manufacturers. It also produces Volkswagen engines.
The concern owes its origin to Adolf Hitler, who in the autumn of 1933 instructed the representatives of Daimler-Benz and Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche GmbH to create a reliable car worth no more than 1000 Reichsmarks. Moreover, it had to be produced at a new car factory, which would personify the growing power of Germany. The construction of the plant began in 1938, and already in 1939, trial samples of the new car were produced.
During its existence, the concern has produced a huge number of a wide variety of vehicles. One of the most successful models is the VW Polo car (from 1975 to the present).
Initially, Volkswagen engines were installed on it with a cylinder displacement from 895 to 1272 cubic meters. see Currently, the 5th generation of this model is already being produced, and the line of power units has been replenished with more powerful 1.4 and 1.6-liter engines.
In addition, these cars are equipped with Volkswagen diesel engines. They were developed on the basis of the EA827 gasoline engine, various modifications of which were also installed on the Golf, Golf 2, etc.
INTERESTING. VW Polo sedan became the first car in history designed specifically for Russia. Its release began in 2010 at the Volkswagen plant built in Kaluga.
The car is equipped with a gasoline engine of the EA111 series, the power of which is 105 hp. With. In addition, it is possible to install power units of the EA211 series with a capacity of 90 (CWVA) and 110 hp. With. (CWVB), as well as derated CFNB motors (EA111 series), having a power of 85 hp. With. and 1.2-liter Volkswagen 3-cylinder diesel engines (factory designation CFWA) with a Common Rail fuel injection system. The power of the latter (VW 1.2 TDI) is 75 hp. With.
Of greatest interest is the base engine of the Volkswagen Polo (factory designation CFNA), which has been produced since 2015 at the Kaluga Gasoline Engine Plant (part of Volkswagen Group Rus).
CFNA Engine Specifications
| PARAMETER | MEANING |
|---|---|
| Cylinder volume (working), cu. cm. | 1598 |
| Max, hp (at 5600 rpm) | 105 |
| Max torque, N.m (at 3750 rpm) | 153 |
| Number of cylinders | 4 |
| Number of valves per cylinder | 4 |
| Total number of valves | 16 |
| Cylinder diameter, mm | 76.5 |
| Piston stroke, mm | 86.9 |
| Fuel supply system | Multi-point injection MPI |
| Electronic engine control unit (ECU) | Magneti Marelli 7GV |
| Compression ratio | 10,5:1 |
| Type of fuel | AI-95 |
| Fuel consumption, l / 100 km (city / highway / mixed mode) | 8,7/5,1/6,4 |
| Lubrication system | Combined (pressure + spray) |
| Oil used | 5W-30, 5W-40, 0W-40 |
| The volume of oil in the crankcase, l | 3.6 |
| Cooling system | Liquid, closed type, with forced ventilation |
| Coolant | Based on ethylene glycol, density 1.07-1.08 g/cm. cube |
| Motor resource, thousand km (factory/practice) | 250/450+ |
The engine is installed on VW Polo Sedan, VW Jetta, Skoda Fabia, Skoda Octavia, Skoda Rapid, Skoda Roomster.
Description
The base engine of the Polo sedan (factory designation CFNA) is a conventional in-line 4-cylinder 16-valve engine with an overhead twin-shaft gas distribution mechanism (timing) DOHC 16V.
The cast cylinder block is made of aluminum alloy, and the cylinders are bored directly into its body.
The crankshaft is made of ductile iron. On the front it has a timing sprocket and an oil pump. The auxiliary drive pulley is also located there.
- The cylinder block is closed with an aluminum 16-valve head (cylinder head) with timing, which includes two camshafts and valve lifters.
- The timing is driven by a maintenance-free steel chain, the resource of which covers the entire life of the motor. There is no variable valve timing system on the intake shaft.
- Structurally, the less powerful CFNB power unit completely repeats the CFNA and differs from the latter only in the ECU firmware.
Distinctive features of CFN motors:
- The intake manifold is made of polymer refractory material.
- The air filter is installed on the cylinder head without any gaskets.
- The valve timing is stepless on the intake valves.
- The presence of forced ventilation of the oil pan.
- The oil pump is equipped with an adjustable pressure sensor.
Service
Timely maintenance of the Volkswagen Polo sedan engine significantly extends its engine life and allows you to bring it up to 500 thousand kilometers.
Basically, it comes down to regular computer diagnostics and replacement (after every 15 thousand km of the distance traveled):
- motor oil;
- oil filter;
- oil pan plugs.
In addition, every 30,000 km it is recommended:
- replace the air filter;
- pay attention to the spark plugs and replace them if necessary.
Faults
With proper and regular maintenance, the engine life of the Polo sedan engine is practically unlimited and is able to provide a mileage of about 400 ... 500 thousand km. However, it is not free from common faults, which are most often eliminated by replacing faulty parts and components.
| FAULTS | CAUSES |
|---|---|
| Throttle failure | Throttle sensor electrical wire frayed. |
| Malfunctions associated with the failure of the fuel injection system. | Poor quality fuel. |
| A characteristic knock in the engine (frequent "clatter" in the cylinder head area). | The hydraulic valve lifters failed due to: increased detonation in engine cylinders; malfunctions of the lubrication system; poor quality engine oil. |
| The forced crankcase ventilation system does not work. | The PCV valve has failed. |
The CFNA power unit also has a number of design flaws that can spoil the mood of the car owner:
tuning
The easiest way to increase the power of the CFNA motor to 130 hp. With.:
- Purchase and install a new 4-2-1 cableless exhaust manifold.
- Organize a cold inlet, for which purpose remove the air filter at the maximum distance from the engine; replace the corrugated pipe from the air filter with a smooth one; laying a smooth air path, remove it as much as possible from hot engine parts; ensure the shortest distance from the air filter to the intake manifold; use heat resistant materials.
- Replace the standard air filter with a filter of zero resistance.
- Reflash and tune the ECU.
It is possible to achieve a more significant increase in the power of a CFNA engine only by investing large amounts of money, which is not economically profitable - the cost of the cylinder head is commensurate with the cost of the engine and is more than $ 3,000. It’s easier to buy another Volkswagen with a 1.4 TSI engine (Golf, Golf-2, Audi, Skoda, etc.), with power from 120 to 180 hp. With.
Some 20 years ago, it was believed that the larger the engine size, the better and better it is. Everything has changed over time. . The trend in the automotive industry in recent years is to reduce the volume of engines, while maintaining power, which has become possible thanks to the use of turbines. It should be noted that this achieves a reduction in fuel consumption, which is important when the cost of automotive fuel all over the world becomes very expensive.
Plus , it makes car manufacturers . Car companies have a different approach to designing, building and manufacturing engines. , others are willing to lift the car into the air at the expense of . Some engines have good efficiency, others vice versa.
But, of course, despite the huge variety of car engines, there are a small number of powertrains that have become very popular in the automotive market over the past 20 years. These engines are known to most motorists. Many of us do not even suspect that these legendary engines are under the hoods of their cars. We have selected for you the most popular ten that have become popular all over the world.
1) GM LS series
No complaints. The simple design of the motor allowed it to become one of the most popular in the world. The combination of power, torque, size, economy and simplicity of design makes this V8 engine superior to OHC engines.
The company's famous engine, which was installed on the following brands:
- 1998-2002 Firebird Formula, Trans Am
- 1998-2002 Camaro
- 1997-2002 Chevrolet Corvette
- 1999-2005 Holden Commodore Ute
- 1999-2005 Holden Commodore (VT, VX, VY, VZ)
- 1999-2005 Holden Statesman (WH, WK, WL)
- 1999-2005 Holden Caprice (WH, WK, WL)
- 1999-2004 Holden Special Vehicles Clubsport (VT, VX, Y Series)
- 1999-2004 Holden Special Vehicles Clubsport R8 (VT, VX, Y Series)
- 1999-2004 Holden Special Vehicles Grange (VT, VX, Y Series)
- 1999-2004 Holden Special Vehicles GTS (VT, VX, Y Series)
- 1999-2004 Holden Special Vehicles Maloo (VT, VX, Y Series)
- 1999-2004 Holden Special Vehicles Senator Signature (VT, VX, Y Series)
- 2000-2002 Holden Special Vehicles Senator 300 (VX)
- 2000-2002 Holden Special Vehicles Coupe GTO (VX)
- 2000-2002 Holden Special Vehicles Coupé GTS (VX)
- 2000-2002 Holden Special Vehicles SV300 (VX)
- 2000-2004 Holden Special Vehicles Maloo R8 (VX, Y Series)
- 2001-2001 Omega (prototype)
- 2001-present Mosler MT900
- 2003-2004 Holden Special Vehicles Clubsport SE (Y Series)
- 2003-2004 Holden Special Vehicles Coupe LE (Y Series)
- 2003-2004 Holden Special Vehicles Coupé4 AWD (Y Series)
- 2003-2004 Holden Special Vehicles Avalanche XUV (Y Series)
- 2003-2004 Holden Special Vehicles Avalanche XUV AWD (Y Series)
- 2001-2005 Holden Monaro CV8
- 2004 GT
- 2006-present Elfin MS8 Streamliner
- 2006-present Elfin MS8 Clubman
2) BMW S54
This engine repeatedly became the best among engines from 3.0 to 4.0 liters, from 2001 to 2006. Recall that the S54 engine is a modification of the M50 engine.
The engine was installed on the following vehicles:
- 2001-2006 E46 M3, power - 343 hp, maximum torque - 365 N.m.
- 2001-2006 E46 M3(North America only) power - 333 hp, maximum torque - 355 N.m.
- 2001-2002 (except North America) power - 325 hp, maximum torque 354 N.m.
- 2001-2002 (North America only) power - 315 hp, maximum torque - 341 N.m.
- 2004 E46 CSL power - 360 hp, maximum torque - 370 N.m.
- 2006-2008 (except USA) power - 343 hp, maximum torque - 365 N.m.
- 2006-2008 E85 Z4 M Roadster / E86 Z4 Coupe(US only) power - 330 hp, maximum torque - 355 N.m.
An impressive motor, the sound of which cannot be expressed in words.
The engine has repeatedly become not only a prize-winner, but also a winner in the nomination for the title of the best engine in the world.
3) Ford EcoBoost V6
A family of modern direct injection engines from Ford. The technology allows, despite the cost-effectiveness, to use a larger engine capacity without the use of a turbine (not on all modifications), due to which an increase in power by 15-20 percent is achieved.
1.6 L EcoBoost I-4 is used:
100 HP.
- 2012 - B-Max
- 2013 - Fiesta
125 HP
- 2012 -
- 2012 - C-Max
- 2012 - B-Max
- 2013 - Fiesta
150 HP
- 2010 - C-MAX
- 2010 - Focus
- 2010 -
- 2010 - V60
- 2012 -
160 HP
- 2011 - Mondeo
- 2011 - S-Max
- 2011 - Galaxy
185 HP
- 2010 - C-MAX
- 2013 - Fusion
- 2010 - S60
- 2010 - V60
- 2011 - Focus
- 2011 - V70
- 2011 - S80
- 2012 - V40
- 2013 - Escape
- 2013 - Fiesta ST (Europe)
200 HP
- 2014 -
2.0 L EcoBoost I-4 is used:
203 HP
- 2010 -
- 2010 -
- 2010 -
- 2010-2011 S60 2.0T
- 2010-2011 V60 2.0T
243 HP
- 2010 - Mondeo
- 2011 -
- 2011 -
- 2011 -
- 2011 - S-MAX
- 2012 - Falcon
- 2013 - Escape
- 2013 - 2
- 2013 - Fusion
- 2013 - Taurus
- 2013 -
- 2013 -
255 HP
- 2013 Ford Focus ST
2.3 L EcoBoost I-4 is used:
280 HP
- 2015-MKC
- 2015 -
4) Volkswagen TFSI
The compact, light and versatile Volkswagen engine works together with a turbine that allows you to achieve good power levels while remaining economical.
2.0 R4 16v TFSI used:
- 168 hp - (C6) , VW Tiguan
- 182 HP -
- 197 HP - (B7) , (8P) , (B6) , Mk5 , Mk5 GLI , Leon, Exeo ,
- 217 HP - 2005 i A4 (B7) DTM Edition
- 217 HP - RWRC
- 227 HP - VW Golf Mk5 GTI Edition 30 , Volkswagen Golf MKVI GTI Edition 35
- 237 HP - Seat Leon, Seat Leon Cupra Mk2
- 252 HP - Audi S3 (8P), Golf R (Australia, Japan, Middle East and North America)
- 261 HP - Audi S3 (8P)
- 261 HP - Audi S3 (8P) , Audi TTS , Seat Leon Cupra R Mk2 facelift
- 267 HP - Audi TTS, Golf R (Europe)
Other TFSI engines can be viewed. The Volkswagen engine has repeatedly become the winner in the nomination for the title of the best engine from 1.8 to 2.0 liters. For a long time, he was in the top ten motors produced in the automotive industry.
5) Buick V6 Series 2 3800
This engine first appeared in 1962. Over the entire period of production of various modifications and generations, General Motors produced 25,000,000 motors. The first engine was produced for a special version of the Buick car. The volume of the engine was 3.2 liters, the power of which reached 198 hp.
The motor, having undergone many improvements and modifications, was produced until August 22, 2008, when it was decided to stop producing the engine. In recent years, this motor was installed on the 2007 Pontiac Grand Prix GT.
6) Toyota 2JZ-GTE
One of the most popular engines of the Japanese corporation, which was produced from 1991 to 2002. Initially, a twin-turbocharged inline six-cylinder engine was created for the Supra RZ (JZA80). Toyota engineers created this engine as an alternative to the .
Engine used:
- Toyota Aristo / JZS147 (Japan only)
- Toyota Aristo V300 300 JZS161 (Japan only)
- Toyota Supra RZ/Turbo JZA80
7) Alfa Romeo V6 24V
The founder of the German brand Volkswagen is the great engineer Ferdinand Porsche, after whom the legendary car brand Porsche AG is named. It all started in 1934, when Ferdinand Porsche received a government order to develop a model of a passenger car for the middle class, in other words, the common people. It took the engineer three years to design and then test the ordered model before it went into mass production. Volkswagen VW30, whose name in translation means "people's car", caused considerable admiration of engineers and drivers and even made it to the pages of the New York Times. The journalists of a well-known newspaper called the VW30 a "beetle" for its resemblance to an insect. A successful comparison later became the second name of the legendary car Ferdinand Porsche.
The plant, founded in May 1938 in Wolfsburg, became the largest in all of Europe and fully corresponded to the required production capacity of the "people's car".
In connection with the Second World War, the Wolfsburg plant was redeveloped for the production of military products, like the entire industry of Nazi Germany. It is known that the leadership of the country, in particular the Fuhrer himself, was very fond of Volkswagen cars.
With the onset of peacetime, Wolfsburg was occupied by the British, who, fortunately, did not destroy the Volkswagen plant, but, on the contrary, transferred an order for the production of several tens of thousands of cars.
In 1948, the leadership of Volkswagen changed dramatically: Heinrich Nordhoff became the head of the company. Under his influence, the Volkswagen lineup was replenished with convertibles and limousines, and a network of car maintenance was developed not only within Germany, but also abroad.
The worldwide fame of Volkswagen cars led to the need to open factories in Brazil, South Africa, Australia and Mexico. By the mid-60s, Volkswagen had become such a powerful enterprise that it was even able to acquire Audi by buying it from Daimler-Benz. The created concern Volkswagen-Audi (VAG) eventually included the Spanish brand SEAT and the Czech Skoda.
In the early 70s, the concern released the revolutionary front-wheel drive Volkswagen Passat, as well as the Volkswagen Golf, an inexpensive and well-equipped car that easily won the competition in its class. The low cost of Volkswagen, the efficiency of engines, as well as the amazing dynamic characteristics of Volkswagen - all this allowed the company to firmly take the first lines in the ratings of European automakers.
In 1975, the production of the Volkswagen Polo sedan started, and five years later, the Volkswagen Jetta subcompact.
During the 90s, the Vento and Sharan models, the comfortable Volkswagen Bora sedan, as well as the new generation Volkswagen Passat appeared in the Volkswagen lineup.
In 2002, the famous Volkswagen Touareg SUV made its debut at the Paris Motor Show, which competed with the super-popular BMW X5.
Now Volkswagen AG is the largest international corporation with factories in fifteen countries around the world. The concern produces not only Volkswagen cars, but also trucks and minibuses.
Volkswagen lineup
The Volkswagen lineup is incredibly rich, especially when compared with other brands. The Volkswagen lineup includes the executive segment (Volkswagen Phaeton), sports crossovers (Volkswagen Tiguan), and all-wheel drive SUVs with high cross-country ability (Volkswagen Tuareg). As for the small and small middle class, this brand has a very large selection of models. Our catalog also includes Volkswagen Touran minivans and commercial vans.
Volkswagen cost
The cost of Volkswagen starts at half a million rubles for the Volkswagen Polo sedan, which belongs to the smallest and most economical class of cars. The price of a small-class Volkswagen does not exceed 800 thousand. The cost of Volkswagen of a small middle class can reach one and a half million, and the average - up to two.