Motoblock Ugra is a multifunctional machine designed for agricultural work in peasant and farm enterprises, in household plots, gardens and vegetable gardens for individual use. The unit was developed and manufactured by the Russian company JSC Kaluga Engine (JSC KADVI).
Manufacturer information
KADVI is located in Kaluga along Moskovskaya Street and is a diversified enterprise with a large production base and the latest high-tech equipment. The plant specializes in the production of complex and high-tech products, such as:
- gas turbine engines;
- autonomous power plants;
- power modules;
- components for railway cars;
- reducers;
- motoblocks, cultivators;
- hanging equipment.
Motoblocks are widely used among small farmers and farmers due to the important advantages that characterize this type of agricultural machinery manufacturer, such as:
- reliability;
- functionality;
- safety;
- relief from heavy physical labor;
- increasing efficiency and productivity by mechanizing the work process;
- reduction in the number of employees;
- reduction of time for processing land;
- high maneuverability;
- lower cost compared to tractors.
In the manufacture of small garden equipment, the manufacturer took into account the specifics of the operation of the walk-behind tractor:
- type and type of cultivated soil;
- working environment;
- availability of consumables and spare parts for the unit;
- consumer budget.
Model range and specifications
The units of this series belong to medium and heavy types of walk-behind tractors with a power of up to 9 hp. With. They are equipped with different engines, but the principle of operation remains the same regardless of the configuration.
Ugra motoblock engines are divided into 2 groups:
- domestic, the manufacturer of which is "KADVI";
- foreign ones such as Subaru, Honda, Lifan, Mitsubishi, Briggs and Stratton.
The operating characteristics of power motors practically do not differ from each other. They run on AI-92 gasoline. Engine power is selected depending on the work performed and the type of soil. So, for processing clay, loamy soils with stony inclusions, it is better to choose a high-power motor, for light soil and simple agricultural procedures - a small one. The speed of processing the site also depends on the choice of engine.
Foreign motors are considered more reliable, but difficult to repair and expensive.
Reliability, ease of repair, availability of spare parts and consumables, reasonable prices are the main features of Russian power units.
Depending on the type of built-in engine and its power, the manufacturer has developed the following range of walk-behind tractors:
- 1H10;
- 1H10A;
- 1H13;
- 1H14;
- 1H15;
- 1H17.
Technical characteristics for all modifications of the walk-behind tractor are as follows:
- Working track - 405 mm.
- Full working track with wheels and extensions - 715 mm.
- Angle of static stability - 20°.
- Ground clearance - 170 mm.
- Diameter of pneumatic disks — 475 mm.
- The diameter of the lugs is 460 mm.
- Power - 5.5-9 liters. With.
- Wheel assembly speed:
- in 1st gear - 3.61 km / h;
- on 2 - 5.88 km / h;
- on 3 - 8.52 km / h;
- in reverse - 2.28 km / h.
- Travel speed with grouser:
- in 1st gear - 3.50 km / h;
- on 2 - 5.70 km / h;
- on 3 - 8.25 km / h.
- Rated reverse speed - 2.20 km / h.
- Load capacity - 300-500 kg.
- The weight of cultivators is 13.2-23.4 kg.
- Overall dimensions in working condition:
- length - 1600 mm;
- width with a cultivator - 675-1038 mm;
- width with wheels - 600 mm;
- height with cultivator - 1180 mm.
- Dimensions in transport position:
- length - 820 mm;
- width - 600 mm;
- height - 710 mm.
- Weight - 67.5-91 kg, depending on the model.
For all versions of the walk-behind tractor, the following components are characteristic:
- mechanical gear 2-way gearbox (gearbox);
- angular gearbox;
- 2 power take-off shafts (PTO);
- steering column adjustable in 2 planes;
- wet multi-plate clutch;
- wings and elytra;
- pneumatic wheels or cultivators;
- coulter bracket and coulter.
The gearbox is characterized by the presence of 3 speeds for moving forward and 1 for reverse.
The gear ratios look like:
- for 1 gear - 3.89;
- for 2nd gear - 2.39;
- for 3rd gear - 1.65;
- reverse - 6.18.
For adjustments and control of walk-behind tractors, the following parameters must be taken into account:
- The permissible interval between the spark plug electrodes is 0.5-0.7 mm.
- The free travel of the transmission clutch lever is 3-5 mm.
- Tire pressure - 2 kgf / cm².
- Gear oil - TSn-10 GOST 23652-79 or SAE - 80-85W, API - GL3-GL4.
- The transmission oil consumption rate is 0.001 kg/h.
- The consumption rate of engine oil is 0.1 kg.
Ugra NMB-1N1
Motoblock Ugra 1H1 is a universal, compact mechanism, which is equipped with a domestic engine brand DM-1M3 with a capacity of 8 liters. With. and belongs to the class of professional machines. It is suitable for heavy agricultural work and can withstand heavy loads. Units and mechanisms have a large margin of safety, therefore, when carrying out technological operations in difficult conditions or when loosening dense soils, the walk-behind tractor works easily, without failures.
The unit is equipped with metal cutters, with the help of which they carry out work on weeding, cultivation, harrowing. They are freely removed and installed, which allows you to vary the width of the capture and the specific pressure on the soil during the processing.
The weight of a walk-behind tractor with a cultivator is 80.5-90.7 kg, depending on the weight of the cultivator, without steering, coulter bracket and with wheels removed - 61 kg.
According to the operating instructions for Ugra motorcycles, the performance characteristics of the 1H1 model are as follows:
- Motor type - 4-stroke.
- Engine power - 8 liters. With. (5.9 kW).
- The working volume of the motor is 317 cm³.
- Fuel tank capacity - 4 liters.
- Motor start is manual.
- Cooling - air.
- Milling processing width - 60-80 cm.
- Depth of processing - up to 30 cm.
- The speed of movement of motor vehicles is up to 9 km / h.
- Load capacity - up to 500 kg.
Ugra NMB-1N2
The advantage of the 1H2 motoblock is that the machine is equipped with a professional Japanese Honda GX 200 engine with a maximum power of 6.5 hp. With. (4.8 kW). This type of power unit is distinguished by reliability, long service life at minimum loads, good compatibility with all attachments.
Despite these qualities, at high loads or vibrations, use at low temperatures down to -5 ° C, due to a small resource, the manufacturer does not recommend intensive operation of the unit. The engine running time is 200-300 hours, which is enough for activities in small suburban areas. Therefore, it is better to use a walk-behind tractor only for domestic purposes or for processing light soil. The unit can also perform work on the movement of cargo on a trailer cart up to 350 kg.
The Honda GX 200 engine in the 1H2 walk-behind tractor has the following performance characteristics:
- Type of power unit - 4-stroke 1-cylinder with an overhead valve drive.
- Working volume - 196 cm³.
- Cylinder diameter - 68 mm.
- The piston stroke is 54 mm.
- Permissible torque - 12.4 N * m.
- Fuel consumption - 1.7 l / h.
- The volume of engine oil is 0.6 liters.
- Starting the engine - manual starter.
- The cooling system is forced air.
Structural weight with cultivators is 67.5-77 kg, operational weight with pneumatic wheels - 77 kg, without a cultivator and steering wheel with removed pneumatic wheels - 47.2 kg. The unit lends itself to quick disassembly and is transported even in a passenger car.
When processing light sandy soil with cutters, the coverage is 80 cm, the depth of cutting of the soil is up to 30 cm. The speed of the walk-behind tractor can reach up to 9 km / h in 3rd gear.
Ugra NMB-1N5
Motoblock 1H5 is an excellent assistant in private and public utilities. It performs any tillage task regardless of soil density. In the presence of special attachments, it removes snow blockages, harvests hay, waters fields and lawns, plants potatoes, pumps water and transports loads up to 350 kg.
This is facilitated by a reliable gearbox of the Ugra walk-behind tractor, a gear gearbox and a high-performance 4-stroke I / C 6.5 HP engine of the American company Briggs & Stratton with a power of 6.5 liters. With. (4.8 kW) with a longitudinal arrangement of the shaft, with a volume of 206 cm³ and air cooling.
The Briggs and Stratton Intek I/C 6.5 powertrain is considered the finest of the luxury Intek I/C series. The engine is characterized by flawless operation for a long time with proper maintenance and care, correct and timely oil changes, as well as quick and easy starting with the help of a decompression valve built into the unit, which reduces cylinder pressure during start-up.
The motor block motor with an overhead valve arrangement is equipped with a double filter - cartridge air and foam rubber, pre-cleaning, which provides enhanced protection against dirt and dust ingress into the units of the unit. Cast iron sleeve reduces oil consumption. With increased power, torque increases and productivity increases.
The width of tillage with cutters is 70-90 cm, the depth is up to 30 cm.
The weight of a walk-behind tractor with pneumatic wheels or a cultivator is 90 kg.
The main advantage of the NMB-1N5 gasoline walk-behind tractor is the silent operation of the machine, which does not interfere with the operator to perform agricultural procedures.
Ugra NMB-1N7
Mototechnics 1H7 belongs to the heavy class of motoblocks developed by the KADVI plant. The unit has high operating qualities, is intended for processing land plots up to 4000 m², for mechanized cleaning of the territory in all weather conditions throughout the year.
The walk-behind tractor is equipped with a professional lowering angle support, a ceramic-metal disc clutch and a Lifan 168F-2A commercial gasoline carburetor engine from the Chinese company Lifan.
The Lifan 6 HP (Horizontal) engine model of the F series is the most powerful power unit in the model range. This is a horizontal 4-stroke 1-cylinder engine with a capacity of up to 6.5 liters. With. with cooling air system and forced circulation, manual and electric starter. The working capacity is 196 cm³, the piston diameter is 68 mm, the stroke is up to 54 mm. Maximum performance is reached at 3600 rpm.
For engine operation, gasoline at least 85 and SAE 30 oil in summer or all-weather SAE10W30 are used.
The capacity of the fuel tank in the 1H7 walk-behind tractor is 3.6 liters, the oil volume is 0.6 liters.
At rated power, 1.4 l / h of fuel is consumed at 3600 rpm.
The plowing width of the soil with 6 foot cutters for loosening corresponds to 102.5 cm, with 4 cutters - 73.5 cm with a diameter of 31 cm.
The depth of soil cultivation is 30 cm when the cutters rotate at a frequency of 35-85 rpm.
Motoblock 1H7 has the following design features and advantages:
- Cast iron sleeve.
- The possibility of using fuel of low quality, which does not affect the stability of the equipment.
- Moderate noise level.
- Fuel economy.
- Forced air cooling.
- Vibration protection on the steering column.
- Instantaneous shutdown of the equipment using the stop control lever.
- Lubrication of engine parts under pressure.
- Transistorless TC1 ignition, easy start from a place.
- Operation of the safety system from starting at a low level of oily liquid.
- A fuel valve that shuts off the fuel supply to the carburetor during transportation.
- Ease of use, easy maintenance.
Ugra NMB-1N9
The NMB-1N9 unit is a classic heavy-duty walk-behind tractor, which is a milling motor-cultivator assembled at the KADVI motor plant with a 3x1 gearbox, disc clutch and engine from the Japanese manufacturer Robin Subaru.
Robin Subaru Ex 17 / Ex 17 Premium belongs to the premium luxury series Ex Premium of powerful power units with a long service life, high resource and maximum efficiency. Carburetor gasoline 4-stroke 1-cylinder engine has a rated power of up to 6 liters. With. (4.4 kW), displacement 169 cm³, inclined cylinder arrangement and overhead valve drive. Fuel consumption at maximum power is 367 g/kWh.
The NMB-1N9 model cultivates the soil with an area of 4000 m².
The crankshaft is positioned longitudinally to reduce vibration when cultivating uneven, bumpy surfaces and increase durability.
The walk-behind tractor is aggregated with attachments of 2 PTOs, a trailing bracket and pneumatic wheels. This factor makes the machine more versatile and comfortable to use.
Ugra NMB-1N10
The NMB-1N10 technique is the 2nd generation of the 1N9 walk-behind tractor with the same parameters, but more powerful. The unit is equipped with a Robin Subaru Ex 21/Ex 21 Premium gasoline engine with increased up to 7 hp. With. power at 4000 rpm. The agroblock is designed for professional work on land plots of medium and large area.
The operating parameters of the 1H10 model are presented as follows:
- Soil processing width - 90 cm.
- Loosening depth - 32 cm.
- Engine capacity - 211 cm³.
- Fuel tank capacity - 3.6 liters.
- The volume of oil is 0.8 l.
- Ground clearance - 200 mm.
- The weight of the motor vehicle is 91 kg.
The device develops a speed of 2.2-8.5 km / h in 3rd gear. Traction force at nominal operating weight is 0.466-0.78 kN depending on the wheels.
In NMB-1N10, an option has been developed to adjust the width of the tires, which allows you to select the ride height when processing row spacings.
Ugra NMB-1N10A
The 1H10A motoblock is equipped with an even more powerful Japanese Robin Subaru EX-27 engine with a power of 9 hp. With. and a tank capacity of 6.1 liters. It is used for processing heavy, virgin areas with stone inclusions.
The traction force of 100-130 kgf ensures stable revolutions.
The engine noise level is 30 dB less than that of a diesel walk-behind tractor with the same power.
The engine starts quickly and easily at low air temperatures.
When aggregated with additional attachments, the walk-behind tractor can cope with any task.
Ugra NMB-1N13
The 1H13 gasoline agroblock is a professional, powerful, heavy agricultural unit from the Russian manufacturer KADVI, which is equipped with a Japanese Mitsubishi GT-600 6 hp engine. With. with a working capacity of 170 cm³, characterized by a long resource, high engine speed of 3000 rpm, excellent quality and reasonable price.
Model 1H13 is used for cultivating uncultivated lands containing dense clay, sandy and loamy soils, it is indispensable in private farms and farm fields of medium and large sizes up to 20,000 m². The volume of the fuel tank is 3.1 liters. This is sufficient for large scale work and high loads. The motoblock is located on a heavy frame, has a weight of 98 kg, which enhances traction.
Fast and efficient processing of virgin soil is directly affected by the cutting width of cutters up to 90 cm, the depth of cutting layers - 320 mm.
The load capacity of the walk-behind tractor is up to 500 kg.
The package includes 4 cutters, transport wheels, axial extensions.
Ugra NMB-1N14
A high-performance machine from the NMB-1N model range is a 1H14 walk-behind tractor with a power of 9 hp. With. The power unit Lifan 270F-2A (China) produces up to 3600 rpm, consumes a small amount of fuel - 2.1 l / h - and has a low noise level.
Machine 1H14 weighing 98 kg and a working width of up to 90 cm productively cultivates large land plots up to 20,000 m². Due to its compactness, size and maneuverability, the device can work in tight, limited areas.
The engine capacity is 270 cm³, the volume of the fuel tank is 6 liters.
The machine's large 47.5 cm wheels make it easy to negotiate uneven, bumpy terrain. The presence of 3 forward speeds - from 2.7 to 6.4 km / h - makes control easy and simple, reverse at a speed of 1.7 km / h makes it possible to pull the walk-behind tractor out of pits and ravines if it gets stuck.
Ugra NMB-1N15
Model 1H15 is an improved version of the previous model 1H14. The Russian manufacturer of motoblocks decided to replace the Lifan 270F-2A engine with a manual starter with the Lifan 177FD LF Horizontal model with electric start to simplify starting from a standstill. This option is provided by an electric starter.
The operational parameters and design features have not changed and remain the same as those of the NMB-1N14 unit.
Ugra NMB-1N17
The 1H17 gasoline unit belongs to the class of medium walk-behind tractors. It is equipped with an excellent Lifan 170F engine with a power of 7 hp. With. and is designed for intensive use at an engine speed of 2500 rpm at a speed of 2.7-6.4 km/h, in reverse - 1.7 km/h.
The walk-behind tractor is used for cultivating sandy, black earth, loamy soils in small and medium-sized areas, for agricultural and agricultural work with attached active auxiliary devices.
The operational characteristics of the NMB-1N17 are as follows:
- The number of speeds is 3 forward / 1 reverse.
- Capture width on 4/6 cutters - 735/1025 mm.
- Soil cutting depth - 320 mm.
- Reducer - angular, gear.
- The capacity of the gearbox oil fluid is 1.7 liters.
- Engine - gasoline carburetor 4-stroke 1-cylinder.
- Volume - 211 cm³.
- The volume of the fuel tank is 3.7 liters.
- Steering column adjustable - 2 positions.
- Pulling force - 0.466-0.78 kN.
- Wheel formula - 2x2.
- Wheel size - 47.5 cm.
- Weight - 98 kg.
Attachment
The Kaluga plant "KADVI" produces attachments for the 1H series Ugra walk-behind tractor in order to expand its functionality. A powerful engine with 2 PTOs and a transmission with a large margin of safety allows you to expand the set of mechanisms on the machine. So, with the help of 2 PTOs, both the rear and front attachments are aggregated.
Auxiliary equipment mechanizes the workflow, increases productivity and productivity. Installation and maintenance of mechanisms does not cause difficulties, installation time is minimal.
Mowers
Rotary mowers are intended for mowing young grass, small-stemmed shrubs, dense grassy vegetation up to 1 m high with increased productivity, which are found on roadsides and slopes with a steepness of 20 ° and a side slope of 8 °.
The mowed grass is laid in an even roller in a row. The grass mowing capacity is 0.2 ha/h at the mower's operating speed of 2.87 km/h. The cutting disc rotates at a frequency of 2370-2635 rpm.
Single axle trolley
The cargo 1-axle trolley is used to transport loads up to 350 kg over short distances at a speed of up to 9 km/h. Overall dimensions - 120x160x34 cm.
A potato planter is a mounted tool for planting potatoes with embedding them in the soil and forming an earthen ridge. The track width of 0.6-0.7 m and the maintained distance between tubers of 30-50 cm allow you to create even rows and row spacing to improve further weeding, hilling and increase the yield of root crops.
Many owners of equipment make a tool on their own. The algorithm for making a homemade potato digger is simple: 3 sheets of metal are welded together and attached to a walk-behind tractor with a special fastener.
potato digger
For motoblocks, diggers of lancet and screen types are suitable.
Universal lancet guns are the simplest and have low efficiency.
The sieve-type potato digger extracts up to 97% of tubers from the soil and increases productivity. The top layer of soil, together with root crops, is picked up from a depth of up to 200 mm and fed to a vibrating table. The gripping width is 380 mm. Under the action of vibration, the earth falls out through the cracks, the vegetables move into the container.
Such equipment is attached to the walk-behind tractor using a holder and fasteners.
Mill-cultivator
The most important and useful tool is a cultivator cutter. This type of attachment allows cultivating the soil, loosening, chopping grass and weeds, mixing mineral and organic fertilizers to a width of 100.5 cm and a depth of 20 cm.
On Ugra agroblocks, 6-sided cultivators with a cutter diameter of 34 cm are used, in which there are no connecting fingers. Therefore, cut and chopped vegetation is not wound during operation.
For tight adhesion to the ground and increase traction when processing areas, lugs are used.
The manufacturer produces lugs for the Ugra walk-behind tractor in 2 versions:
- with 6-sided bushing;
- with a cylindrical bushing.
The diameter of the gun depends on the type of walk-behind tractor and varies between 350-500 mm.
The mass of the kit reaches no more than 18.8 kg.
Weights
Weights for the model range of walk-behind tractors are intended to enhance the adhesion of lugs to the soil, facilitate work with a mounted implement, increase the stability of the unit, and increase its mass. They have a weight of 10-17 kg and are containers filled with sand, cement or other bulk material. They are mounted on wheels with a diameter of at least 38 cm with drilled holes.
Plow
A plow is an attachment used for plowing a land plot and applying fertilizers. The efficiency of the tool is achieved in areas up to 0.4 ha with a working width of up to 215 mm.
The plow is attached to the walk-behind tractor with a hitch, holder and bolted elements.
The factory dimensions of the gun are 53.5x31x41 cm.
Harrow
The Ugra harrow for motor vehicles is a frame with teeth weighing 12 kg and a working width of 80-90 cm. The device is made for leveling the site after plowing, cultivating and harvesting, protecting the soil from drying out, destroying the soil crust and eliminating weeds.
Hitch
A hitch for a walk-behind tractor is equipment for hanging a plow, hiller and other mechanisms on a walk-behind tractor and adjusting their position.
The overall dimensions of the coupling device produced by KADVI are 435x130x175 mm, weight - no more than 5.2 kg.
Motozavod "Kaluga engine" for the model range of equipment has developed a rotary snow blower for efficient snow removal in yards and household plots. The unit is able to quickly clear snow-covered areas with precipitation up to 20 cm high at a speed of 1 m/s. The processing width in this case reaches 70 cm. The snow blower throws snow through the bell to a distance of up to 5 m. Steel skis are adjusted by the operator in height.
Motoblock brush
Motoblock brush ShchM-0.9 - mechanical equipment for cleaning yards, personal plots, sidewalks from debris, sand, snowfall. The structural elements are made of high-quality, durable materials. The angle of rotation of the brush shaft is adjustable for ejection to the right or left side by 18°. 2 support wheels increase the maneuverability of the unit and reduce the load on the frame.
The motor-block brush is convenient and easy to use, has a weight of up to 45 kg and dimensions of 700x1000x760 mm.
A walk-behind shovel is an indispensable device for cleaning the area from snow, sand and debris. The equipment is compact and lightweight, which is 13 kg with dimensions of 1000x280x370 mm.
earth drill
An earth drill is a special equipment for mechanized drilling of holes in the ground with a diameter of 200 mm for the installation of supports, poles, planting large-stemmed plants and other earthworks.
The drill is powered by the PTO of the walk-behind tractor and is attached to its rear part through a 3-edema device.
Ride module
The driving module was developed by the KADVI company for installation to the walk-behind tractor. The AMPK-500 motoblock all-wheel drive adapter is the latest device equipped with a comfortable seat for the operator, a braking system, a body and a trailer. He does a lot of work with little effort.
The overall dimensions of the device are 2550x1350x1140 mm.
Ripper-hiller
Okuchnik is used for weeding plants, root crops, cutting ridges. The tillage width reaches 42 cm. The weight of the tiller is 4.5 kg, overall dimensions are 540x170x445 mm.
The device, repair and maintenance of the Ugra walk-behind tractor are the most frequently asked questions on specialized forums. In this article, we will consider these issues in detail.
Motoblocks of the Ugra brand comply with all European safety standards and tolerances, they have established themselves as reliable and hardy farmer's helpers. In conjunction with functional attachments, they can be used all year round.
The manufacturer is the Russian enterprise "Kaluga engine" ("KaDvi"), which produces engines, spare parts for tractors, attachments and motoblocks "Ugra" and "Oka".
Instructions for the motor-block "Ugra"
The instruction is a document that provides the owner with complete information about the device, including the following:
- unit device (with diagrams of the main components and descriptions);
- model characteristics;
- first start guides;
- descriptions of the run-in;
- list of maintenance steps;
- list of possible problems.
We offer a brief review of the information provided in the instructions.
"Ugra" consists of the following structural elements:
- four-stroke single-cylinder carburetor engine;
- running;
- transmissions;
- motoblock controls.
Motoblock device "Ugra"
Motoblock engine device
The figure shows a sectional view of a gasoline internal combustion engine:
The device of a four-stroke gasoline engine (Honda) of a walk-behind tractor: 1 - fuel filters, 2 - crankshaft, 3 - air filter, 4 - part of the ignition system, 5 - cylinder, 6 - valve, 7 - crankshaft bearing.
We list the components of the carburetor engine installed on the Ugra walk-behind tractor:
- fuel filters;
- crankshaft;
- Air filter;
- ignition system;
- 4 cylinders;
- valves;
- crankshaft bearings.
Gasoline internal combustion engine is a complex device that includes several systems at once:
- Fuel supply system. Provides preparation of the air-fuel mixture and consists of the following elements:
- carburetor;
- fuel tank;
- faucet;
- air filter;
- fuel supply hose.
- Starting mechanism. The starter is part of the starting system, with its participation, the engine flywheel is promoted, and then the crankshaft. Some engine models are equipped with a decompressor to facilitate starting the power plant and an electric starter powered by a battery.
- The ignition system of the motoblock "Ugra". Thanks to this system, sparking occurs on the spark plug with a pre-set amplitude. The necessary conditions for the formation of a spark and ignition of the air-fuel mixture are provided by the following elements:
- flywheel;
- magnetic shoe;
- magneto;
- candle.
We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the electronic ignition circuit:
1 - electronic magneto, 2 - screw, 3 - magnetic shoe.
Starting mechanism and ignition system of the walk-behind tractor: 1 - starter handle, 2 - fan housing, 3 - protective casing, 4 - cylinder, 5 - cylinder head, 6 - magneto, 7 - flywheel.
- Grease. An internal combustion engine has many rubbing parts, so a lubrication system is necessary for the proper and uninterrupted operation of the power plant.
- Cooling system. The cylinders of the power plant become very hot during operation, and in order to protect the motor from overheating and premature wear, care must be taken to remove heat and cool the cylinders. This task is handled by the air currents created by the rotation of the flywheel impeller during the rotation of the crankshaft.
- Gas distribution system. Responsible for the flow of the fuel mixture into the cylinder, as well as for the removal of exhaust gases to the outside. A muffler acts as a gas outlet.
We offer to see the full cycle of the four-stroke power plant:
Carburetor, principle of operation adjustment
The carburetor is used to ignite the fuel. It happens like this: the piston moves up, creating a vacuum. The carburetor absorbs the air that goes through the tube. The created vacuum allows fuel to pass through the connecting fitting from the tank to the engine. Further, the fuel passes around the main needle and through the inlet socket back into the tube.
While pressing the throttle lever, the low speed needle opens up access to gasoline, after which the fuel flow is controlled only by the main needle.
The instability of the engine speed of the walk-behind tractor indicates that the carburetor needs to be adjusted. To do this, you must first warm up the engine. Further:
At the end of the procedure, the motor starts and warms up for about 10 minutes.
The accuracy of the carburetor adjustment can also be determined by how the spark plug looks after a short period of operation under load. If the working mixture is ideal, then there will be no carbon deposits or traces of fuel on the candle, which indicate a too poor, or, conversely, too rich combustible mixture.
Transmission oil TAP-15V
Owners of Ugra motoblocks are interested in what kind of oil should be poured into the engine? We answer: for the power plant, it is best to use engine oil of the TAD-17I or TAP-15V brand (GOST 23652-79), high-quality synthetic and semi-synthetic engine oils.
We offer you to watch a video on how to change the oil:
Oil changes are carried out during scheduled maintenance checks and as needed.
Reducer device
The gear reducer is designed to transmit torque from the motor shaft to the working bodies (wheels, cutters). We propose to consider the gearbox diagram of the Ugra motoblock:
According to the diagram, the gear angular gearbox consists of the following elements:
- retaining ring - 1, 12;
- adjusting rings - 2, 4, 9, 16, 19;
- bevel gear - 3, 11;
- bearings - 5, 10, 19
- intermediate shaft-gear - 6;
- upper body - 7;
- output shaft - 8;
- anther cups - 13;
- the anther itself - 14;
- cuff - 15;
- lower body - 17;
- adjusting gaskets - 18;
- covers - 21;
- gears - 22, 23;
- shaft - 24.
What oil should be poured into the gearbox of the Ugra walk-behind tractor? The gearbox is part of the transmission, therefore the transmission oil of the following grades is also poured:
- Тсn-10 (according to GOST 23652-79);
- GL3-GL4;
- 80-85W.
Transmission
On Ugra motoblocks, a two-way manual gearbox is installed, which provides three forward gears and reverse. Two PTOs are built into the transmission for attaching mounted and trailed equipment.
We propose to study the schemes of gearboxes in longitudinal sections:
Sectional diagrams of gearboxes
During operation, the gearbox of the Ugra walk-behind tractor may fail or go wrong, then it will need repair. During the warranty period, it is better to carry out repair work in service centers; after the warranty expires, you can carry out this procedure yourself.
Clutch
The clutch is one of the most important components of the transmission. This node has the following functions:
- when shifting gears, the clutch separates the motor and gearbox;
- with the participation of the clutch, torque is transmitted from the crankshaft of the power plant to the gearbox shaft;
- provides a smooth transition at the beginning of the movement of the Ugra walk-behind tractor;
- allows you to stop the machine without stopping the power plant.
Clutch scheme of the motor-block "Ugra":
Ugra NMB-1 walk-behind tractor clutch diagram: 1 - Motor shaft, 2 - Drive half-coupling, 3 - Driven half-coupling assembly with release bearing, 4 - Belleville spring, 5 - Drive discs, 6 - Driven discs, 7 - Spring thrust ring.
Clutch lever: 1 - Axle, 2 - Fork, 3 - Clutch half, 4 - Lever, 5 - Clutch cable, 6 - Bolt, 7 - Nut, 8 - Washer, 9 - Spring washer, 10 - Sleeve.
We list the breakdowns that occur in the transmission of the Ugra walk-behind tractor, as well as the reasons that caused them:
- Extraneous noises:
- if the cause is loose fasteners, then it is necessary to tighten the bolts;
- if the cause is gear wear, then they must be replaced.
- Oil leaks:
- if an oil leak is detected, then it is necessary to change the cuffs;
- tighten fasteners;
- change seals;
- Check oil level, top up if necessary.
- Transmissions are difficult to switch or even switch off by themselves:
- replace gear spring
- change gear;
- change gear shaft.
- Clutch engages and disengages incompletely:
- replace worn out elements;
- check and tighten fasteners;
- adjust the clutch of the Ugra walk-behind tractor.
Video showing how to replace the clutch fork of the Ugra walk-behind tractor:
What to do if the Ugra walk-behind tractor does not start
We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the reasons that affect the launch of the power plant of the Ugra walk-behind tractor:
- Lack of fuel: pour gasoline into the fuel tank.
- Running out of oil: add oil.
- The problem with spark plugs: smoky - clean and rinse in gasoline; wet - pump and dry, replace the tip; burned out - replace the spark plug.
- No spark: adjust the gap between the contacts;
- Problems with the magneto: adjust its position if the blades stick; change if burnt out.
- Repair of the carburetor of the Ugra motoblock is required: if it is clogged, disassemble and clean it; out of order - replace.
- Filters (air and fuel) clogged: cleaning or replacement.
How is the run-in motoblock "Ugra"
Running-in is a procedure that prepares the engine and all components of the walk-behind tractor for normal loads. Run-in lasts about 30 hours. Before starting it, you need to make sure that the walk-behind tractor is filled with fuel and oil.
Engine loads during this period should not exceed ⅔ of its power. Milling during break-in must be carried out in a gentle mode - in three stages, deepening into the soil 10 cm per pass. At the end of the break-in, it is necessary to change the oil in the system.
Maintenance of the motor-block "Ugra"
Motoblock maintenance includes:
- Preparation for field work.
- Daily care after use.
- Scheduled inspections.
- Contacting service centers.
- Preservation of the Ugra walk-behind tractor for long-term storage.
Preparation for operation:
- Checking the fuel level in the fuel tank.
- Checking the oil level in the crankcase.
- Checking the reliability of available fasteners.
- Tire pressure.
Care of the unit after operation:
- Cleaning the Ugra walk-behind tractor from dust and dirt, clods of earth, oil and gasoline stains.
- Washing the walk-behind tractor with water.
- Dry the machine in an open area without direct sunlight.
- Lubrication of units and mechanisms with appropriate lubricants.
Conservation is a period of downtime for which it is necessary to prepare the machine accordingly.
The owner of this heavy equipment must:
- drain the fuel from the gas tank;
- drain the oil from the engine crankcase;
- clean the walk-behind tractor from dirt;
- lubricate components and mechanisms;
- put the walk-behind tractor under cover in a dry, ventilated place.
Installation of light and electricity on Ugra walk-behind tractors
Motoblocks that came off the assembly line of the Kaluga Engine plant are not equipped with electrical equipment. The owners of Ugra motoblocks decide to upgrade this equipment on their own by installing:
- headlight;
- battery;
- generator;
- on/off toggle switch.
For greater convenience, the toggle switch is displayed on the steering wheel.
Belts
There are no belts in Ugra walk-behind tractors. The manufacturer replaced the V-belt transmission of torque to the working bodies with a gear one, which had a positive effect on the entire structure. The walk-behind tractor has become less prone to wear and tear and more productive.
Motoblock Ugra is very popular among owners of household land. A small and not heavy walk-behind tractor, but very similar to its heavy walk-behind tractor. To fully understand its positive and negative sides - we continue to talk about it.
Many say that this is a copy of the Italian walk-behind tractor. This is also evidenced by the hexagonal shafts. In addition, the walk-behind tractor is perfectly balanced, and the clutch, like on professional walk-behind tractors, is multi-disc. And of course, the main trump card is no belts and chains! But as they say, in order to choose this walk-behind tractor, you need to study the reviews of the owners of this walk-behind tractor:
29.03.2010, 22:36 Labinsk
“If possible, take NMB1N, you will not regret it. I took Tero GS12, an analogue of NMB1M, we didn’t have N-ok then. Six months later they appeared and I choked with saliva. Then I started promoting it among my fellow villagers. Three of my four acquaintances, at my insistence, bought N-ku and did not regret it. The fourth did not believe and took MB1D. After he was given a job at N-ke, he bites his elbows and wants to sell his MB.
05/02/2010, Labinsk
I consider the only drawback of the NMB to be the lack of unlocking the axle shafts, but thanks to the successful layout and weight distribution, it is much easier to deploy it than the MB 1. Believe me, there was something to compare with, I worked on four types of walk-behind tractors. I do not detract from the importance of heavy walk-behind tractors, I just proceeded from the specific conditions and the optimal ratio of the price of a walk-behind tractor and the quality of work.
05/15/2008, Ufa
I bought NMB-1, included Cutter-cultivators, measured with a ruler from the mounting axis it turned out 17 cm, it seems a little. Who has such a set and who has milled the soil, write down if there is enough depth, otherwise I think to buy other knives, longer, and also in a set of 2 cutters, but I would like 3 per side.
05/21/2008, St. Petersburg - Moscow
From the point of view of service (reliability, repair, attachments (the same hubs did not exist, still do not exist), various adaptations and other things), Salyut, Neva, etc. are definitely preferable to NMB. Those. there is nothing special in the stores, not a single workshop will take to repair the NMB, except for those that are indicated as warranty, the sellers shrug their shoulders when they talk about the NMB, someone will only remember something there, and this is the one with the power take-off shaft? And this is here, in Moscow. If you are ready to repair it yourself, then you can take it, I had problems with the engine initially (but this does not apply to the walk-behind tractor, but to the engine), then the magdino, then the clutch with the starter, then the carburetor ...
And also problems with the clutch (there is a clutch like a motorcycle, in an oil bath, you need to monitor the oil in the box), I had to sort it out, because. you can’t buy an assembly, and it’s a little expensive (now it doesn’t slip, but it grabs a little, I still don’t understand why, everything seems simple, it’s hard to make a mistake when assembling the clutch, there is no adjustment, as in MB-90 either).
I'm not saying that everyone breaks, but something else annoys - no one wants to deal with it (repair). Well, plus design flaws - a low center of gravity is good, but it lies on the ground, it’s impossible, like on the Neva, to hang a weight in front, because. it is possible to tear off the engine (there is no frame as such, the engine hangs on the box and is screwed with 4 M10 screws), there is no turn (unlocking the axle shafts like in the non), etc. No transport wheels.
The attachments are suitable from others, but the Mower and the snow blower are their own (the snow blower has recently appeared on sale), others are due to the gearbox, and for the snow blower it is one, for the mower it is different, it is difficult to install the mower, it is much easier on fireworks. Of the amenities - blocking the reverse gear, i.e. until you press the clutch type, it will not go back.
In short, I would now look at other walk-behind tractors ... Well, for myself - I’m buying an engine, I’ll put a new one, B&S, and with it you can buy a snow blower, after all, it’s not as critical with temperature as DM-1M
05/26/2008, 10:30 a.m. Rybinsk
Hello. I planted NMB about 7 acres of potatoes "in the furrow" with a double hiller. I hitched a car trailer, on which I drive it. I drove 350 kilograms + trailer weight (150 kg). It sometimes slips uphill. Satisfied. Ran into "singed" 80th gasoline. At Slavneft in a busy place. I usually don't go there. Lacquer impurities in gasoline. It leaves a varnish mark on the hand. I had to flush the carburetor in the midst of work. The faucet in the gas tank was constantly clogged. I had to pour last year's gasoline from stocks.
I saw that the clutch cable was frayed. Went with him to the store. Spare parts are all there. A cable with a handle costs 450 rubles. I tried cables from motorcycles (25-40 rubles). Short. Offered to buy with a pen, refused. As a result, I bought a gas or clutch cable, I don’t remember, from a VAZ 2108 (65 rubles). Came up with no problems. All. The motoblock worked without problems.
05/26/2008, 196 km north of Yekaterinburg Hello!
Well, I'll chime in a bit too. So far the unit is working without problems. On Sunday he had a hard time: they plowed all day. Everyone. I burn the 4th five-liter gasoline. By the way, consumption is decreasing before our eyes. The rest is all-right, nothing to say. Yes, here's another thing - it's hard to plow on very loose soil - constantly trying to dig in, plowed with an anchor at the highest level in 3rd gear, perhaps in this case 3 cutters per board are needed. Next weekend I will try to chop up some virgin wood. I want to try on choppers how it goes, if I have time to finish them.
On weekends and holidays, he completed the processing of a plot of almost virgin soil (not planted for 5 years). I refueled the block with gasoline, myself with beer, and it began ... At first I passed with a plow on iron wheels as in the photo above, the earth was wet, the plow fell off in layers, heaped up a plop like after a Belarusian. (I'll post a photo) Vye .... to death - when you plow hard only to withstand straightness, the block pulls like a tractor, the main hard labor is a U-turn ... it's just some kind of pipets. I need to think of something if I'm still going to hitch a plow. The earth stood under the sun, the roots dried up, then he leveled everything with milling cutters, after the plow the block was like a fluff, he cut furrows.
26.08.2008 Smolensk region
This year I cut furrows on rubber wheels. Normally cut. Doesn't wiggle. On metal ones, like yours, it was worse.
After e .. and with iron wheels when turning, rubber is just heaven! And they don't wobble! And then I already with longing imagined hilling on these pieces of iron, a vision of a terrible Chopper began to flash in my head, ugh three times ...
My tires are solid, they don't inflate, so they don't deflate. Yes, they seem to be the same on all blocks. And it turned like this: I went up a very steep hill with a loaded cart, plus I weigh a lot myself, well, I see something wrong with the wheels - one goes and the other does not. I thought a pipets to the gearbox, but it wasn’t there - the bus, the mother of her children. Now it turns under load. More like a factory marriage. Yes, I don’t bother - I’ll drill a tire with a disk and bolts. Although now I am looking for tires for 13 with a good tread (they promised Luazovskaya with disks), I will put them instead of regular ones, colleagues wrote about this on the forum. I will drive.......
09/29/2008 Wheels from formidable Luaz vehicles 13 inches, I don't remember the size of the tires. The 5-hole discs fit like native ones, I didn’t have to redo anything (by the way, the Muscovite ones also fit the holes, but they have a different offset, so the wheels touch the subframe, and with these the gap is 3-4 cm). The hubs are inserted inward, one of the pictures shows. Tires "Christmas tree" like a small "Ural", they say once upon a time they were bought in the Tavria store, I have not seen them anywhere else. Moto speed on them is a separate conversation, in my opinion, on the 2nd it became the same as it used to be on the 3rd. The 3rd is generally scary to ride, so I decided to restore the brakes. The factory cart, I have left from the Neva.
09/29/2008, Bryansk
Yesterday I became the owner of the NMB-1 I took it in Kaluga at the plant with the DM-1M3 engine - 30400r.
We tried to plow and pass with a cutter - we were satisfied. The device is good, although of course it could not have been done without a file - it’s not right here, it’s not right there. But it seems that I managed to customize and enjoy the process. Such a small tractor.
The store asked about the snow blower to him and was in a slight stupor ... A little less than 20tyr. Reducer separately 6800r. They raised prices in the summer - before that, the gearbox cost 3500 rubles.
I thought hard and it was not in vain that I bought the NMB, maybe I should have taken the salute. Although the unit itself is made quite thoroughly. He is somewhere between Agros and Salyut.
05/17/2011, Andrienko, Kiev region
Good people, I'm sorry to address you. I probably, as they say, started. A vertical pin jumped out of the gearbox, which switches gears. Okay, I'm not far from home. Can you please tell me how to get it back?
And further. The clutch cable broke next to such a round fesechka, which is in the clutch release handle. I drilled it out of this fesechka, inserted a cable into the hole, soldered the end. The solder is weak, does not hold, the cable slips out after a few vigorous squeezes. What is the best way to repair this node, tell me.
Wounds, shall we say, bandaged. I made a new round for the clutch cable from a dozen rod, drilled through it, threaded the cable, dipped the entire structure in acid for soldering, then in a molten solder bath, put the cable in place until it held. With the pin that popped out of the checkpoint, the solution turned out to be this: I hammered it back with light blows of the hammer. And went to the field. A couple of times the pin climbed out again, I hammered it back.
There is a groove with a retaining ring on the pin, I had to move this ring up to put the pin in place, it, of course, now does not hold anything. But to put the ring in the groove when the pin is in place, you can only somehow from the inside of the box. Does it need to be taken apart? But he did milling his garden. The total area is 45 acres. I wanted to upload a photo, but in the evening my cdma has no speed. Then sometime.
10/11/2011, Moscow
Greetings to the owners of the Kaluga miracle!
The other day, he also became the owner of Ugra with Subarovsky, 7-horsepower engine. In comparison with the former "OKOY", which was operated for 20 years - heaven and earth. The engine is a tank, rushing where the Oka simply stalled. And what silence at work! If it weren’t for the howl and crackle of the gearbox, which drowns out everything around, there would be no price for the unit. When selling in Kaluga, a KADVI representative, rolling out a walk-behind tractor, immediately stated: "I warn you, their gearboxes are buzzing" ... Good advertising for their equipment ....
So, there is an experience of comparison.
Positive: 1. The engine is beyond any competition.
2. The weight distribution of the walk-behind tractor is excellent, which cannot be said about Oka.
3. Lack of suspenders in the form of clutch belts. Nothing jumps or breaks.
4. THREE gears forward and one - back.
5. PTO shafts.
Negative: 1. A terrible howl of spur gears.
2. Indistinct inclusion of reverse gear (at least for me).
3. AGAIN... Those fucking pins holding the wheels... Idiocy - complete. According to previous experience, when installing metal wheels and plowing, the holes break very badly (but they turn into a kind of differential ...)
4. When starting the engine at the included speed, the block tries to leave even with the clutch lever depressed. Maybe with the underworking of the disks, this trend will decrease ... Adjustment did not help.
5. Again, in comparison with MB-1, it is very difficult to turn the walk-behind tractor when cultivating with cutters. Is this related to the large shoulder of the coulter axle removal from the wheel axle? On the MB-1, I did not notice such difficulties, and turned around at a small radius quite easily.
However, I'm happy with the purchase so far. Now - a question. Who can tell by what principle the reverse gear is switched on there? I didn't find any drawings. After turning on the lever on the gearbox, you need to squeeze the right lever and the block starts moving in reverse. What does this lever on the steering wheel turn on? Does it engage any gears? The fact is that I have, this lever is very poorly squeezed out. I pressed a little - the block went, and only then the lever can be squeezed out completely. What is there that engages with each other and is it possible to somehow adjust it?
For now, the verdict is this. The idea is wonderful, the execution - as always .... About simplifying the design for the sake of manufacturability in manufacturing - I generally keep quiet ... Innovators, damn it ...
October 11, 2011, Kolpashevo, Tomsk region
After running in, the howl will decrease significantly, on mine it is. Reverse speed, after running in, it turns on easily - I pressed the clutch handle, turned on the reverse speed, by pressing the "reverse lock" handle, we drove back. Ugra has a SEPARATE reverse gear. Convenient when working "back to front", i.e. PTO forward.
Regular pins when working with GZ replaced with simple ones with cotter pins. And who taught you to start the engine at ON speed? This trick only works if the "reverse speed" is on. And so it started, pressed the clutch, turned on the speed and forward. I did not adjust anything during the break-in - the flight is normal.
12.10.2011, 19:52 Novosibirsk
The run-in took place without breakdowns without breaking a mountain of bricks, wire, pieces of iron, sticks, bottles, and even a sofa for Buryan, at least 10 years old. Where one hemp is normal. Where the caps of something like sedge are a hard case. I did not calculate the width of the cutter - there is little weight on the sedge. I made a cutter for later life on normal land, for such weeds you need 30 cm of strength, I hope I will gnaw it. A huge plus of such a cutter is that when it hits another brick, it simply moves through it like a wheel. Grass is better to remove the excess. And the knives would need to be heated with something (the gas burner will go with the subsequent soaking into a barrel of water?). While the knives are sharp - they cut, they become blunt - they begin to wind them around the knife.
The absence of synchronizers on the box does not manifest itself well when grass is wound between the cutters and the gearbox - you can move the fig with a push to turn on the speed.
October 15, 2011, 04:25 PM Novosibirsk
Well, here is the first joint of the domestic part of the piece of iron. See jinxed. Used two full tanks. One seal leaked on the shaft (where the cutters are put on). Yes, not just snotty, but dripped. I almost killed the car - I noticed in time. Standing over a basin - dripping, by morning I think everything will be there. With such a guarantee to carry? Has anyone changed their seals? What are they suitable for? Ideally, something would not be ours, and not a Chinese one. And a lot of disassembly? In the technical specifications on the cadvi website it is written - Cuff 1.1-25x52-1/4 GOST 8752-79. Only this is similar for a hexagon, not a round shaft - it is 30mm.
05/29/2012, Molodechno, Minsk region
Guys, I didn’t turn off the clutch at all, I just didn’t do it. I shot it repeatedly, washed it, made the machine without an engine, squeezed it out and scrolled as it should. In the end, I took the seller, he assured me that I was doing something wrong and he would fix the problem in no time ........ it was not there.
Periodically, a specialist in warranty service of our devices comes to Vitebsk, he took my "tractor" there. Brought correct. Reason: I poured into the gearbox and, accordingly, into the box and clutch, gear oil with a viscosity of 80, but no more than 20 is needed. I washed it, changed the oil and everything fell into place: the clutch is light, it works perfectly. One thing is embarrassing, I bought Ugra in the fall and immediately filled in this oil (80) it worked fine, I cleaned the snow in winter, it worked, though there was almost no clean inclusion, it was always tough. In the spring, during cultivation, the defect began to grow, it got worse and worse, I increased the lever, and this stopped helping. The dealer explains that the oil boiled and lost its lubricity (indeed, when I took it apart right after trying to turn off the clutch, there was a kind of emulsion) Now I poured the same oil as in the semi-synthetic 10 W 40 engine, it works fine, which is what I wish you.
As we can see from the reviews, everything is not always smooth, but not everyone and the owners can be pleased. So draw your own conclusions.
A selection of reviews made from the site: http://www.mastercity.ru/forumdisplay.php?f=49
RVT
Motoblock device
The walk-behind tractor consists of the following main components: engine 1, transmission 2, running gear 3 and controls 4.
Rice. 1Motoblock device Ugra NMB-1
Engine and its support systems
The motoblock drive is a classic internal combustion engine with all the systems necessary for its operation. Light and medium-sized cars use four-stroke gasoline engines. Heavy-duty motoblocks are often equipped with diesel engines.
Most motoblock users have to deal with air-cooled four-stroke gasoline engines. These engines have the following systems to ensure their operation:
- A fuel supply system designed for preparing an air-fuel mixture, consisting of a fuel tank with a cock, a fuel hose, a carburetor, and an air filter.
- Lubrication system that provides lubrication of rubbing parts.
- A starting mechanism (starter) designed to spin the crankshaft. Many engines are equipped with an easy start mechanism that reduces the starting force by using a device on the camshaft that opens the exhaust valve on the compression stroke and thereby reduces the compression in the cylinder when the crankshaft spins up. Heavy walk-behind tractors are sometimes equipped with battery-powered electric starters. Some models have electric and manual start. The latter is used as a backup.
- A cooling system that removes heat from the engine cylinder block by a stream of air pumped by the flywheel impeller when the crankshaft rotates.
- An ignition system that ensures uninterrupted sparking at the spark plug. A rotating flywheel with a magnetic shoe induces an emf in the magneto, which is converted by an electronic circuit into electrical signals supplied to the candle. As a result, a spark jumps between the contacts of the latter, igniting the air-fuel mixture.
Rice. 31 - electronic magneto, 2 - screw, 3 - magnetic shoe.
Rice. 4The starting mechanism and ignition system of the Cascade MB6 walk-behind tractor: 1 - starter handle, 2 - fan housing, 3 - protective casing, 4 - cylinder, 5 - cylinder head, 6 - magneto, 7 - flywheel.
- The gas distribution system responsible for the timely entry of the air-fuel mixture into the engine cylinder and the release of exhaust gases. The composition of the gas distribution system includes a silencer designed for the directed release of exhaust gases and noise reduction.
Transmission
The transmission is used to transmit torque from the engine to the wheels and change the speed and direction of movement of the walk-behind tractor. It usually consists of several units connected in series with each other: a gearbox, a differential (in some models), a clutch, a gearbox. These elements can be structurally performed as separate units or combined in one housing. The gearbox serves to switch speeds, which can be of different numbers (up to 6 forward and 2 rear), and at the same time is a gearbox.
By their type, transmission units (reducers and gearboxes) can be gear, belt, chain, or various combinations of both.
classical gear transmission, consisting only of cylindrical and bevel gears, is mainly used on heavy walk-behind tractors and some models of medium machines. As a rule, it has a reverse and several lowering steps.
The figure below shows the gear transmission of the Ugra NMB-1 walk-behind tractor, consisting of cylindrical and bevel gears. The engine is rigidly attached to the gearbox, which in turn is rigidly connected to the bevel gear. The design of the NMB-1 walk-behind tractor does not have chain and belt drives, which, according to its developers, are an unreliable link in transmissions due to the tendency to break, damage and belt slippage.
Rice. 5Motoblock Ugra NMB-1 with gear transmission
Rice. 6The design of the transmission of the motor-block Ugra NMB-1
Rice. 7Scheme of the gearbox of the Ugra NMB-1 motoblock: 1 - Clutch fork, 2 - Retaining ring, 3 - Adjusting ring, 4 - Bearing, 5 - Retaining ring, 6 - Adjusting ring, 7 - Retaining ring, 8 - Cuff, 9 - Retaining ring, 10 - Bearing, 11 - First gear and reverse gear, 12 - Second and third gear, 13 - Adjusting ring, 14 - Bearing, 15 - Driven gear shaft, 16 - Driving gear shaft.
Rice. 8Scheme of the angular gearbox of the Ugra NMB-1 (N) walk-behind tractor: 1 - Locking ring, 2 - Adjusting ring, 3 - Bevel gear, 4 - Adjusting rings, 5 - Bearing, 6 - Intermediate gear shaft, 7 - Upper housing, 8 - Output shaft, 9 - Adjusting rings, 10 - Bearing, 11 - Bevel gear, 12 - Retaining ring, 13 - Boot cup, 14 - Boot, 15 - Cuff, 16 - Adjusting rings, 17 - Lower housing, 18 - Adjusting gasket, 19 - Bearing, 21 - Cover, 22 - Gear, 23 - Gear, 24 - Shaft.
The torque from the crankshaft is transmitted to the drive shaft 16 (Gearbox Diagram) of the gearbox and is removed from the bevel gear of the driven shaft 15 by the vertical shaft 6 of the angular gearbox (Angular Gear Diagram), which transmits rotation to the hexagonal shaft 8 of the drive wheels. In order to avoid disruption of the correct operation of the transmission, it is not recommended to disassemble the walk-behind tractor transmission, which can lead to a misalignment of the gears.
The gearbox by its design is mechanical two-way with 3 gears forward and 1st reverse. The transmission has two power take-off shafts (A) and (B).
Worm and gear transmissions , consisting of two gearboxes - the upper gear and the lower worm gear - are usually used on light walk-behind tractors. The crankshaft of the engine has a vertical arrangement. Sometimes machines with a gear-worm transmission are equipped with a centrifugal automatic clutch. A similar device of a walk-behind tractor provides an increased compactness of the unit.
Belt-gear, belt-chain and belt-gear-chain transmissions are quite common in light and medium walk-behind tractors. The engine rotates the shaft of a gear or chain gearbox using a belt drive, which is also a clutch. Gear-chain transmissions are often implemented in one crankcase.
For a belt drive, to change the speed of the walk-behind tractor and take off power, the pulleys can have an additional stream. The advantages of such a transmission include a simpler disassembly and assembly of a walk-behind tractor than in the case of a gear transmission.
The clutch function is implemented using a tension roller and a control mechanism consisting of a link and a system of levers that allow you to change the position of the roller that tightens or loosens the belt and, accordingly, turns on or off the transmission of torque from the engine to the gearbox. Gear shifting is carried out with the help of two-strand pulleys. By rearranging the belt from one stream to another, they get a different speed of the walk-behind tractor.
As a rule, motoblock transmissions have PTO shafts, providing the transmission of torque to the working bodies of the machine. By their type and location in the transmission, power take-off shafts can be independent, located before the clutch and rotating regardless of its state (disengaged or engaged), or dependent, located after the clutch, and synchronous to a certain gear. In one walk-behind tractor there can be several power take-off shafts - different in type and speed of rotation.
Clutch
The clutch, which is part of the transmission, performs several functions. Transfer of torque from the engine crankshaft to the gearbox (gearbox) shaft, disconnection of the gearbox and engine during gear shifting, ensuring smooth starting of the walk-behind tractor and stopping it without turning off the engine.
Structurally, the clutch can be performed in different ways. In the form of a V-belt transmission (see above), the tension or loosening of the belt of which with the help of the clutch lever leads to the transfer or termination of the transmission of torque from the engine to the gearbox. Or in the form of a single-disk or multi-disk friction dry or wet (oil) clutch, which is more reliable and is used in most models of walk-behind tractors. Some machines use a much rarer conical clutch.
On the already considered walk-behind tractor "Ugra" LLC "Kadvi" a clutch is installed, which is the most traditional in its design - a friction multi-plate clutch with a pressure spring operating in an oil bath. The device of a walk-behind tractor with such a clutch should provide for a crankcase for the clutch, where gear oil is poured.
Rice. 9Ugra NMB-1 walk-behind tractor clutch scheme: 1 - Motor shaft, 2 - Drive half-coupling, 3 - Driven half-coupling assembly with release bearing, 4 - Belleville spring, 5 - Drive disks, 6 - Driven disks, 7 - Spring thrust ring.
Rice. 10Clutch lever: 1 - Axle, 2 - Fork, 3 - Clutch half, 4 - Lever, 5 - Clutch cable, 6 - Bolt, 7 - Nut, 8 - Washer, 9 - Spring washer, 10 - Sleeve.
The clutch consists of a driving half-coupling 2 (motoblock clutch scheme), a driven half-coupling 3, a belleville spring 4, leading 5 and driven 6 discs, a thrust ring 7. It works as follows. When the clutch lever is released, the Belleville spring compresses the driven and driving discs assembled in the package alternately. Due to the friction between the discs, torque is transferred from the engine to the gearbox. When the clutch lever is depressed, the force is transmitted via a cable to the clutch release lever 4 (Clutch lever). In this case, the clutch fork 2 compresses the spring through the driven half-coupling and release bearings, separating the driven discs from the leading ones and stopping the transmission of torque.
Differential
To improve maneuvering and smooth turns, the design of some walk-behind tractors (mainly heavy ones) provides for a differential. The purpose of the latter is to ensure the rotation of the left and right wheels at different speeds. Differentials can be with or without wheel locking. Instead of a differential, mechanisms can be used to turn off one wheel while driving.
Chassis
The chassis of the walk-behind tractor is a frame on which the main components and wheels are fixed. Sometimes the frame is missing, and its role is played by the transmission, to which the engine and wheels are attached.
In most walk-behind tractors, the distance between the wheels can be changed, this makes it possible to set the track of different widths. Two main types of wheels are used - conventional pneumatic and weighted metal wheels with wide lugs. Weights can be welded to the wheels or bolted to them. Many designs of metal wheels provide for the fastening of loads of various weights. This allows, if necessary, to increase the weight of the walk-behind tractor to values that provide the necessary grip of the wheels with the ground.
Metal wheels can be with a solid rim or made in the form of two or three narrow hoops interconnected by lugs. The first ones have the disadvantage that the ground accumulates between the lugs, which prevents good adhesion of the wheels to the ground.
Rice. elevenMetal lugs
Governing bodies
The controls are a set of mechanisms that provide a change in the direction of movement and speed of the walk-behind tractor. These include: steering wheel, levers and gearshift rods, clutch control levers, supply of "gas", emergency stop of the engine, etc. Since the design of motoblocks, with very rare exceptions, does not provide for a seat for the operator, the motoblock device must ensure its control with one hand.
Some controls (carburetor air damper, power take-off, etc.) are located on the corresponding units and assemblies.
Rice. 12Handlebar right
1 - Handle, 2 - Throttle lever, 3 - Safety clutch cable, 4 - Hollow cable adjustment bolt, 5 - Locknut, 6 - Safety clutch lever.
Rice. 13Handlebar left
1 - Handle, 2 - Lever "Stop", 3 - Switch, 4 - Clutch cable, 5 - Hollow bolt for cable tension adjustment, 6 - Locknut, 7 - Retainer, 8 - Clutch lever.
Every day, walk-behind tractors of various types are becoming more and more dense in the lives of homeowners. This technique allows you to simultaneously solve a large number of different tasks. One of the brightest representatives of domestic equipment of this type is Ugra. It can be equipped with various types of engines, but the principle of operation, the attachments used are completely standard, regardless of the configuration.
This technique has many advantages. But at the same time, there are certain nuances regarding the use of this type of technology. If possible, it is worth familiarizing yourself with all of them in advance. This will avoid many difficulties during the operation of the equipment.
The history of the creation of the Ugra motoblock
The walk-behind tractor itself was developed at the Kaluga Engine plant. This enterprise has the organizational form of JSC, successfully operates in 1966. Previously, this enterprise was a separate one. It is based on:
- Kaluga Turbine Plant;
- Kaluga branch of the Research Automobile and Automotive Institute.
Production at this plant is carried out on a high-precision fully automated conveyor. It is a line formed from unique foreign-made equipment. That is why Ugra walk-behind tractors are among the most reliable and functional in their price segment. This technique has been in production for more than 10 years. During all this time, the walk-behind tractor has proven itself only on the positive side.
Technical characteristics of the motor-block "Ugra"
Another reason for the popularity of this technique is its outstanding technical characteristics. Moreover, based on them, it is worth making a choice in favor of the Ugra walk-behind tractor. Since it is used to solve strictly defined tasks.
Motoblock engine "Ugra"
One of the most important features is the ability to purchase this walk-behind tractor with different engines. All of them can be conditionally divided into two groups - foreign production and domestic. They differ in performance, but their performance characteristics are practically the same. All of them are united by the use of a similar type of fuel - AI-92 gasoline.
Today it is possible to purchase a Ugra walk-behind tractor equipped with the following engines:
- Kadvi DM-1M3 - 8 hp;
- Honda GX-200 - 6.5 hp;
- B&S Vangard - 6.5 hp;
- B&S Intek - 6 hp;
- Lifan 168-F2 - 6.5 hp;
- Subaru EX-17 - 6 hp;
- Subaru EX-21 - 7 hp;
- Kadvi 168-F2 - 6.5 hp;
- Mitsubishi - 6 hp;
- Lifan 177-F - 9 HP
The choice in favor of a certain type must be made based on the nature of the soil. If it is clayey, there are a large number of stony inclusions, then it is best to purchase a walk-behind tractor with a high-power engine. If you want to process soft black soil, you can stop at a low-power engine. The processing speed directly depends on the power of a particular engine.
Reducer of the motor-block "Ugra"
The gearbox of the Ugra walk-behind tractor deserves special attention. This equipment includes a gear drive made of cermet discs. Due to this, their strength is significantly increased, as well as the duration of work. The main advantage is the maintainability of this node. All individual parts of it will not be difficult to order at the factory.
Other important advantages of the standard gearbox of the Ugra walk-behind tractor include:
- lack of drive V-belts;
- the presence of as many as 3 speeds for moving forward and 1 speed for moving backward.
Another important advantage, which is a consequence of the use of V-belts, is the absence of such difficulties in operation as jumping off, slipping, breaking. Due to all this, work with various kinds of trailers, various attachments is greatly simplified. 
The figure above shows in section an example of a walk-behind tractor gearbox of this type. It includes the following main components:
Transmission of the motoblock "Ugra"
The transmission of this walk-behind tractor, regardless of the model, necessarily includes the following main components:
- reducer;
- differential;
- clutch;
- Transmission.
This type of walk-behind tractor uses a typical gear transmission. It includes bevel as well as spur gears. When assembling, the engine must be rigidly attached directly to the gearbox itself. It is attached to the angular gearbox - this is how the process of transferring rotation takes place. 
It is important to remember that for the correct operation of the entire transmission mechanism, you should not try to disassemble it. Since in order to comply with the basic rules of work, certain adjustments are required. This process has its own characteristics, at home it is not only difficult, but impossible to implement.
An important advantage of this type of walk-behind tractor is the presence of a power take-off shaft. Due to this, it is possible to use attachments of various types.
Overview of models of motoblocks "Ugra"
For 2016, a distinctive feature is the presence of an extensive range of Ugra walk-behind tractors. The catalog on the official website of the manufacturer presents the following:
- NMB-1N1 - 8 hp Kadvi DM-1M3 engine;
- NMB-1N2 - Honda GX-200 6.5 hp engine;
- NMB-1N3 - Intek 6 hp engine;
- NMB-1N7 - Lifan 168-F2 - 6.5 hp;
- NMB-1N9 - Lifan EX-17 - 6 hp;
- NMB-1N10 - Lifan EX-17 - 7 hp;
- NMB-1N11 - Kadvi 168-F2 - 6.5 hp;
- NMB-1N13 - Mitsubishi - 6 hp;
- NMB-1N14 - Lifan 177-F - 9 hp;
- NMB-1N15 - Lifan 177-F - 9 hp
The most important difference between all the above models is the engine, as well as its power. The installation of a foreign unit significantly affects the cost of a particular walk-behind tractor.
- (this is the block design in CSS)
The difference between the 1H1 model, equipped with a domestic Kadvi engine and 1H15, equipped with a Chinese unit with a power of 9 hp, is about 10 thousand rubles. Moreover, this price is set at the factory. Accordingly, equipment purchased in outbid stores will cost even more.
For the most part, models equipped with a foreign-made engine are more reliable. But at the same time, they are much more difficult to repair. At the same time, the Cadmi motor cannot boast of its reliability. But, at the same time, the process of its repair takes less time. Spare parts are more available, it will not be difficult to purchase them.
Attached equipment for motoblock "Ugra"
Another important advantage of the Ugra walk-behind tractor is a large number of various attachments. Today, original attachments are available for sale:
- potato planter;
- plow;
- weighting agents;
- coupling devices;
- motoblock brush;
- cutter-cultivator;
- tiller-cultivator;
- hiller;
- harrow;
- heavy single-axle cargo trolley;
- walk-behind shovel;
- lugs;
- differential;
- digger;
- rotary snow blower;
- cutter-cultivator.
All of the above equipment can be installed on a walk-behind tractor with minimal time. Since it is not required to make any structural changes to the device of the walk-behind tractor itself. Initially, attachments are equipped with everything necessary for installation on the Ugra walk-behind tractor. That is why the best solution is to buy and then use the original attachments.